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渭南市华州区2022-2023学年高三上学期8月开学摸底考试
英语
考生注意：
1. 本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
2. 答题前，考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。
3. 考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷草稿纸上作答无效。
4. 本卷命题范围：高考范围。
第一部分 听力（略）
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Where to Eat on Christmas Day in London
Bob Bob Ricard
The best choice for smaller child-free parties—or pairs—that think of Christmas as an excuse to enjoy distinctly adult treats, let’s say: caviar, oysters, steak, followed by cheese and fries, all washed down with wine (ordered by pressing a button, obviously).
Location: 1 Upper James St, Soho, London W1F 9DF, UK
Contact: 020 3145 1000
Min Jiang Restaurant
If a typical modern Chinese banquet (宴会) is required to refresh the family’s Christmas spirit, book a table atop the Royal Garden Hotel and look out over Hyde Park while sharing a feast that includes traditional Chinese dishes. Since it’s Christmas, it’s probably worth going all out by pre ordering a whole or hall Beijing (Peking) duck, too.
Location: 2-24 Kensington High St, Kensington, London W8 4PT, UK
Contact: 020 7361 1988
The Alexandra
A special case: The Alexandra in Wimbledon offers n wonderful Christmas dinner to anyone spending Christmas Day alone, no charge under whatever circumstances. It is a place of spirit, refuge, and generosity.
Location: 33 Wimbledon Hill Rd Wimbledon. London SW19 7NE, UK
Contact: 020 8947 7691
The Pem
Sally Abé’s newest restaurant is serving up a classic three courses in Westminster, for 130 a head (children under six, free if accompanied by adults). Guests can choose between smoked sea fish and crab mousse or a special ham for a starter, with bee Wellington or a plate of goose coming as main dishes, followed by Christmas pudding and ice scream. We offer a 10% discount if the total cost is over 500.
Location: 22-28 Broadway, London SW1H 0BH, UK
Contact: 020 3301 8080
1. Which number should you dial if you love Chinese food
A 020 3145 1000. B. 020 7361 1988. C. 020 8947 7691. D. 020 3301 8080.
2. What can The Alexandra provide for a homeless man on Christmas
A. A family banquet. B. A wine party. C. A living place. D. A free dinner.
3. How much should two couples with a 4-year old pay for their dinner at The Pem
A. 468. B. 520. C. 585. D. 650.
B
What will you do when one of the few bookstores in your neighborhood shuts down If you’re Latanya DeVaughn, you will make a new and improved one! The Bronx mom and writer has always dreamed of opening her own bookstore, so after watching yet another close its doors for good during the pandemic, she saw her chance.
While Latanya said every neighborhood deserved a bookstore, opening physical stores on every block simply wasn’t an option. So she decided to bring the books to her neighbors, instead, by turning a bus into a bookmobile! With the help of her community, she raised money for her dream and, at the end of 2021, it came true! Bronx Bound Books rolled out in style as a bus with orange cube bookshelves. “People love the way it smells,” Latanya added. “One woman said the wood smell makes her feel like she’s at home.”
Although the bookstore on wheels carries around 3,0000 new and used books, it has more room than you might expect! Latanya also makes sure to stock books with a range of diverse characters so all readers can see themselves in the pages. Of course, her collection also features works of renowned Black authors like James Baldwin and Alice Walker. “It’s meant to be that way,” she explained, “because I remember going to bookstores and having to look through books just to find someone that I felt I could resonate with (引起共鸣).”
Setting up her bookstore in a new spot each day, Latanya is doing her part to make sure that everyone in the Bronx has books to read. That’s what Bronx Bound Books is open for. “I can’t open up a bookstore on every corner, but I can probably pop up on a lot of different corners,” she said.
Thanks to Latanya and Bronx Bound Books, the Bronx is becoming a heaven for book lovers day by day. I’m sure that the little bookstore will continue to develop quickly!
4. How did Latanga DeVoughn respond to the shutdown of bookstores
A. She set up her own special bookstore.
B. She purchased and reopened them soon.
C. She opened common stores on every block.
D. She asked her neighbors to open a new one.
5. James Baldwin and Alice Walker are mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that ________.
A. it’s hard to stock books with diverse characters
B. all renders can see themselves in Black authors
C. the collection of Bronx Bound Books is diverse
D. finding someone with common interest isn’t easy
6. Why is Bronx Bound Books open
A. To recycle old books around the neighborhood.
B. To raise money for Latanya DeVaughn’s dream.
C. To open up a bookstore on every corner worldwide.
D. To make reading accessible to everyone in the Bronx.
7. What does the author think of Bronx Bound Books
A. Conservative. B. Unaffordable. C. Promising. D. Controversial.
C
Suppose you are out shopping and come across an acquaintance who starts telling you a story that seems to be dragging on and on. You want to seem interested, so you offer the occasional “Oh” or “I see”. To your surprise, though, this person angrily stops in their tracks and says, “Sorry if I’m boring you!”
Where did this come from Clearly, your body language must have betrayed you. The idea that verbal (口头的) and nonverbal messages can conflict was the inspiration for a recently published study from Yale University’s Lueylle Armentano. As part of her study of communication in relationships, Armentano’s research also examined communication channels in people meeting for the first time.
To test the role of verbal-nonverbal mismatch on emotional communication, Armentano and her partner created experimental conditions to see what happens when someone asks for help from strangers. The research team created videotapes of a fellow Yale student expressing nervousness in his words, bodily gestures, or both. The bodily gestures included running his hands through his hair, grabbing his arm, and facially expressing uneasiness. The key question was whether the other participants, another 82 Yale students, would believe the student and provide the help he was requesting. They needed to give their responses.
Turning to the findings, those nonverbal cues (提示) of nervousness had a greater impact on helping behavior than the verbal cues. Surprisingly, helping behavior was the highest when verbal expressions of nervousness were low but nonverbal cues were high.
Recognizing that your body language can outweigh your words means that you need to be mindful of what your body is doing when you’re interacting with others. Generally, when someone is speaking to you, you want to look like you’re interested. Not only should you maintain eye contact, but you should keep your body still and face toward the other person. If you’re not trying to look interested, it may be more polite to say you have to be somewhere else.
8. What is paragraph 1 mainly about
A. The obvious advantages of body language.
B. A situation where body language is a must.
C. An example of verbal-nonverbal mismatch.
D. The proper way to interact with old friends.
9 What were the 82 Yale students asked to do
A. Express nervousness in their words. B. Identify the types of body language.
C. Try to win the nervous student’s trust. D. Respond to the nervous student’s request.
10 What played the most important role in helping the student win kindness
A. His sincere verbal expressions. B. His bodily gestures of nervousness.
C. His positive attitude to nervousness. D. His good manners in front of others.
11. What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph
A. Make a prediction. B. Offer suggestions.
C. Present some facts. D. Give some warnings.
D
Water is so low in large stretches of Italy’s largest river that local residents are walking through the middle of the expanse of sand and an old ship is resurfacing.
In a park near the central northern village of Gualtieri, cyclists and hikers stop in curiosity to observe the Zibello, a 50-meter-long ship that transported wood during the WWⅡ but sank in 1943. It was normally covered by the Po’s waters. “It’s the first time that we can see this ship,” said amateur cyclist Raffaele Vezzal. “I’ve never seen such a drought at this time of year—our main worry was our river flooding, but now we worry about its disappearance.”
The drying up of the Po, which runs 652 kilometers from the northwestern city of Turin to Venice, is jeopardizing the drinking water supply in Italy’s densely populated and highly industrialized districts and threatening irrigation in the most intensively farmed part of the country, known as the Italian food valley.
Northern Italy hasn’t seen rainfall for more than 110 days and this year’s snowfall is down by 70%. Aquifers (含水层), which hold groundwater, are exhausted. Temperatures of 2℃ above season average are melting the tiny snowfields and glaciers that were left on the top of the surrounding Alps, leaving the Po basin without its summer water reservoirs.
All these factors are leading to the worst drought in 70 years, according to the Po River Basin Authority (PRBA).
Meuccio Berselli, secretary-general of the Po River Basin Authority, is working on a plan to guarantee drinking and irrigation water to millions of households and to the Po valley farmers, who produce 40% of Italian food. The plan includes higher draining from Alpine lakes, less water for hydroelectric (水力发电的) plants and distribution of water in the upstream regions.
According to a state owned energy service system operator, 55% of the renewable energy coming from hydroelectric plants in Italy comes from the Po and its tributaries. Experts fear that a lack of hydroelectric power will contribute to increased carbon dioxide emissions (排放), as more electricity will have to be produced with natural gas.
12. What does the resurfacing of the Zibello suggest
A. The drought of the Po is serious. B. River flooding is worrying.
C. It has been recovered from damage. D. Residents are preserving it
13. What does the underlined word “jeopardizing” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Indicating. B. Increasing. C. Endangering. D. Providing.
14. What does the text indicate about the PRBA’s plan
A. It helps to generate renewable energy.
B. It may lead to environmental problems.
C. It will cause the Po to disappear quickly.
D. It deserves wide support and high praise.
15. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A A Wartime Ship Is Resurfacing B. Italy Is Seeking Water Supplies
C. A Drought Is Threatening Farmers D. Italy’s Largest River Is Drying Up
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do you feel jealous (嫉妒的) of your best friend from time to time ____16____, but it can be unhealthy to be jealous of the people you love. Fortunately, you can work on yourself to overcome such jealousy.
____17____. Often, when you figure out what your insecurities or challenges are, you will be able to build them into strengths, which will prohibit feeling of jealousy. While it isn’t an easy task to examine yourself for your flaws (缺点), it must be done.
Build your self esteem. Self esteem is how you feel about yourself as a person. There are many ways to work on your self-esteem including, but not limited to:
●Recognizing your strengths. Are you good at school Are you a fair listener or a trusted secret keeper for your friends ____18____.
●Actively engaging in activities you are good at. It can remind you of your strengths and build self-esteem.
Find happiness in yourself. ____19____. Feelings of inadequacy increase the likelihood that you will experience jealousy. You can find happiness in yourself by focusing on internal (内部的) strengths and practising daily positive intentions.
Reclaim your power over your emotions. Do not let your emotions hold control over you as this will create a reactive state of emoting. ____20____. When you begin to feel jealous or angry, remind yourself that you are being reactive and choose to stop feeling that way.
A. Recognize your insecurities
B. Rise to the challenges ahead
C. Being happy is an emotion beyond control
D. Jealousy can be experienced by anyone at any time
E. Instead, remember that every emotion you feel is a choice
F. Write down a list of your best qualities and reread it any time you doubt yourself
G. It’s easier to become jealous of people around you if you aren’t happy with yourself
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
You may be familiar with the announcement “Mind the Gap” that is often heard on the London Underground. It’s a ____21____ most travelers take for granted, but it has special meaning for Margaret McCollum because it’s helping her ____22____ her husband Oswald, who died in 2007.
Back in 1950, Oswald recorded the announcement used on the underground network. After he died, McCollum, who was retired, would go to the Embankment station every day and ____23____ her husband’s voice.
Sitting on a bench, the lady would hear the ____24____ voice every few minutes when a new train pulled into the ____25____. It gave her some comfort.
____26____, the recording was eventually ____27____ by an electronic version in 2012. So McCollum went to the London Transport Company to see if they could ____28____ her a copy of the original recording. She wasn’t ____29____ if they would help, but she insisted on going.
_____30_____, they agreed, but the London Underground staff made a lot of effort to _____31_____ the original recording. The digitizing process meant all underground recordings had been placed in archives (档案), and work had to be done to _____32_____ the voice.
But _____33_____ offering a copy to McCollum, the company helped her in another way. They were so moved by McCollum’s _____34_____ that they decided to reinstate (恢复) Oswald’s _____35_____ at the Embankment station which McCollum could _____36_____ to visit every day.
According to All on the Board, a motivational Instagram account run by two London Underground staff, that is the only _____37_____ on the Northern Line Underground network that has that kind of recording. What’s more, for every train _____38_____ the station, Oswald’s recording is _____39_____ three times, which must be a _____40_____ for McCollum.
21. A. hobby B. joke C. route D. message
22. A. rescue B. assist C. award D. remember
23. A. figure out B. get over C. listen to D. make up
24. A. unknown B. shocking C. familiar D. sorrowful
25. A. platform B. waiting room C. studio D. ticket office
26. A. However B. Therefore C. Besides D. Otherwise
27. A. destroyed B. replaced C. combined D. improved
28. A. buy B. give C. pay D. return
29. A. curious B. worried C. doubtful D. sure
30. A. Gradually B. Suddenly C. Thankfully D. Unfortunately
31. A. promote B. find C. mix D. hide
32. A. restore B. steal C. understand D. resist
33. A. instead of B. regardless of C. due to D. according to
34. A. generosity B. story C. honesty D. journey
35. A. fame B. title C. recording D. career
36. A. refuse B. begin C. agree D. continue
37. A. country B. company C. train D. station
38. A. facing B. entering C. departing D. crashing
39. A. played B. exchanged C. adjusted D. assessed
40. A. challenge B. habit C. treat D. burden
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Eiffel Tower is one of the world’s most famous sights. The 324-meter-tall iron tower, ____41____ attracts millions of tourists to Paris every year, has been an iconic part of Paris’ skyline for 133 years. However, it is showing its age. Engineers recently conducted a survey of the monument. They found that its metal was full of rust (锈) ____42____ said it was in a poor state. They added that if its designer Gustave Eiffel was alive today and saw his ____43____ (create), he would have a heart attack. Engineers said the tower needed many repairs. As ____44____ matter of fact, a 2016 report on the tower stated there were 698 faults on the tower, which were serious enough to put the ____45____ (tower) long-term future in doubt.
Construction of the Eiffel Tower started in January 1887 and it opened to the public on the 31st of March, 1889. It ____46____ (build) to celebrate the 1889 World’s Fair in Paris. The original plan was for the tower ____47____ (take) down after 20 years. However, the French government changed its mind and ____48____ (keep) it in place. The tower is ____49____ (current) being repainted ahead of the 2024 Olympics. Engineers say _____50_____ (paint) the metal will not make the rust problem go away. They say the existing paint needs to be completely removed first.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I used to thought that someone was born a winner. For example, my deskmate was so a person. While we took the same English class in the same classroom, she did better than rest of us, especially in spoken English. But as I paid more attentions to her, I found that she spent more time in her study. Every morning, she got up early than us and went to the playground to practise spoken English. Every evening, while most of us was chatting in the comfortably dormitory, she was listening to English news.
From her experience, I have been learnt that no one is born a winner. People make themselves winners through our own effort.
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
52. 假定你是李华，最近正在为中秋节走访敬老院（the Nursing Home）这一活动作准备。你的交换生好友David发邮件向你询问此事，请你回复邮件。内容包括：
1. 简要介绍该活动；
2. 邀请他参与；
3.期待回复。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________渭南市华州区2022-2023学年高三上学期8月开学摸底考试
英语 解析版
考生注意：
1. 本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
2. 答题前，考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。
3. 考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷草稿纸上作答无效。
4. 本卷命题范围：高考范围。
第一部分 听力（略）
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Where to Eat on Christmas Day in London
Bob Bob Ricard
The best choice for smaller child-free parties—or pairs—that think of Christmas as an excuse to enjoy distinctly adult treats, let’s say: caviar, oysters, steak, followed by cheese and fries, all washed down with wine (ordered by pressing a button, obviously).
Location: 1 Upper James St, Soho, London W1F 9DF, UK
Contact: 020 3145 1000
Min Jiang Restaurant
If a typical modern Chinese banquet (宴会) is required to refresh the family’s Christmas spirit, book a table atop the Royal Garden Hotel and look out over Hyde Park while sharing a feast that includes traditional Chinese dishes. Since it’s Christmas, it’s probably worth going all out by pre ordering a whole or hall Beijing (Peking) duck, too.
Location: 2-24 Kensington High St, Kensington, London W8 4PT, UK
Contact: 020 7361 1988
The Alexandra
A special case: The Alexandra in Wimbledon offers n wonderful Christmas dinner to anyone spending Christmas Day alone, no charge under whatever circumstances. It is a place of spirit, refuge, and generosity.
Location: 33 Wimbledon Hill Rd, Wimbledon. London SW19 7NE, UK
Contact: 020 8947 7691
The Pem
Sally Abé’s newest restaurant is serving up a classic three courses in Westminster, for 130 a head (children under six, free if accompanied by adults). Guests can choose between smoked sea fish and crab mousse or a special ham for a starter, with bee Wellington or a plate of goose coming as main dishes, followed by Christmas pudding and ice scream. We offer a 10% discount if the total cost is over 500.
Location: 22-28 Broadway, London SW1H 0BH, UK
Contact: 020 3301 8080
1. Which number should you dial if you love Chinese food
A. 020 3145 1000. B. 020 7361 1988. C. 020 8947 7691. D. 020 3301 8080.
2. What can The Alexandra provide for a homeless man on Christmas
A. A family banquet. B. A wine party. C. A living place. D. A free dinner.
3. How much should two couples with a 4-year old pay for their dinner at The Pem
A. 468. B. 520. C. 585. D. 650.
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。本文主要讲述了伦敦的圣诞节都在哪里吃，并介绍了几个餐厅以及他们的特色、位置和联系方式。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。定位到Min Jiang Restaurant部分，根据第一段中的“If a typical modern Chinese banquet (宴会) is required to refresh the family’s Christmas spirit, book a table atop the Royal Garden Hotel and look out over Hyde Park while sharing a feast that includes traditional Chinese dishes. (如果需要一个典型的现代中国宴会来提振家庭的圣诞精神，可以在皇家花园酒店（Royal Garden Hotel）顶上预订一张桌子，眺望海德公园（Hyde Park），同时分享一个包括传统中国菜肴的宴会)”以及“Contact: 020 7361 1988(联系电话：02073611988)”可知，如果你喜欢中国菜，请拨打020 7361 1988，故选B。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。定位到The Alexandra部分，根据第一段中的“The Alexandra in Wimbledon offers n wonderful Christmas dinner to anyone spending Christmas Day alone, no charge under whatever circumstances. (温布尔登的亚历山德拉为任何独自度过圣诞节的人提供了一顿美妙的圣诞晚餐，无论在什么情况下都是免费的。)”可知，亚历山德拉可以在圣诞节为无家可归的人提供免费晚餐，故选D。
3题详解】
细节理解题。定位到The Pem部分，根据第一段中的“Sally Abé’s newest restaurant is serving up a classic three courses in Westminster, for 130 a head (children under six, free if accompanied by adults).(Sally Abé最新的餐厅在威斯敏斯特提供经典的三道菜，每人130英镑（6岁以下儿童，成人陪同免费）。)”以及“We offer a 10% discount if the total cost is over 500.(如果总成本超过500英镑，我们提供10%的折扣。)”可知，两对夫妻和一个四岁的孩子，只需要支付两对夫妻即四个人的费用，共520元；总价超过500元享受10%的折扣，即实际支付468元，故选A。
B
What will you do when one of the few bookstores in your neighborhood shuts down If you’re Latanya DeVaughn, you will make a new and improved one! The Bronx mom and writer has always dreamed of opening her own bookstore, so after watching yet another close its doors for good during the pandemic, she saw her chance.
While Latanya said every neighborhood deserved a bookstore, opening physical stores on every block simply wasn’t an option. So she decided to bring the books to her neighbors, instead, by turning a bus into a bookmobile! With the help of her community, she raised money for her dream and, at the end of 2021, it came true! Bronx Bound Books rolled out in style as a bus with orange cube bookshelves. “People love the way it smells,” Latanya added. “One woman said the wood smell makes her feel like she’s at home.”
Although the bookstore on wheels carries around 3,0000 new and used books, it has more room than you might expect! Latanya also makes sure to stock books with a range of diverse characters so all readers can see themselves in the pages. Of course, her collection also features works of renowned Black authors like James Baldwin and Alice Walker. “It’s meant to be that way,” she explained, “because I remember going to bookstores and having to look through books just to find someone that I felt I could resonate with (引起共鸣).”
Setting up her bookstore in a new spot each day, Latanya is doing her part to make sure that everyone in the Bronx has books to read. That’s what Bronx Bound Books is open for. “I can’t open up a bookstore on every corner, but I can probably pop up on a lot of different corners,” she said.
Thanks to Latanya and Bronx Bound Books, the Bronx is becoming a heaven for book lovers day by day. I’m sure that the little bookstore will continue to develop quickly!
4. How did Latanga DeVoughn respond to the shutdown of bookstores
A. She set up her own special bookstore.
B. She purchased and reopened them soon.
C. She opened common stores on every block.
D. She asked her neighbors to open a new one.
5. James Baldwin and Alice Walker are mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that ________.
A. it’s hard to stock books with diverse characters
B. all renders can see themselves in Black authors
C. the collection of Bronx Bound Books is diverse
D. finding someone with common interest isn’t easy
6. Why is Bronx Bound Books open
A. To recycle old books around the neighborhood.
B. To raise money for Latanya DeVaughn’s dream.
C. To open up a bookstore on every corner worldwide.
D. To make reading accessible to everyone in the Bronx.
7. What does the author think of Bronx Bound Books
A. Conservative. B. Unaffordable. C. Promising. D. Controversial.
【答案】4. A 5. C 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。由于疫情，实体书店相继关闭，但Latanya DeVaughn设法开了一家自己的特殊的书店。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二自然段“While Latanya said every neighborhood deserved a bookstore, opening physical stores on every block simply wasn’t an option. So she decided to bring the books to her neighbors, instead, by turning a bus into a bookmobile!（Latanya说，每个街区都应该有一家书店，但在每个街区开实体店根本不是一个选择。相反，她决定把一辆公共汽车变成一辆图书车，由此把书带给她的邻居！）”可知，面对实体书店的关闭，Latanya创办了自己特殊的书店。故选A。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三自然段“Latanya also makes sure to stock books with a range of diverse characters so all readers can see themselves in the pages. Of course, her collection also features works of renowned Black authors like James Baldwin and Alice Walker.（Latanya还确保储存各种不同字符的书籍，以便所有读者都能在页面中看到自己。当然，她的收藏还包括著名黑人作家詹姆斯·鲍德温和爱丽丝·沃克的作品。）”可知，提及黑人作家詹姆斯·鲍德温和爱丽丝·沃克是为了表明她收藏的书多种多样。故选C。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四自然段“Setting up her bookstore in a new spot each day, Latanya is doing her part to make sure that everyone in the Bronx has books to read. That’s what Bronx Bound Books is open for.（Latanya每天在一个新的地方开设书店，她正在尽自己的一份力量确保布朗克斯区的每个人都有书可读。这就是布朗克斯装订书籍的开放目的。）”可知，开放布朗克斯装订书籍的目的是让布朗克斯的每个人都有机会阅读。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thanks to Latanya and Bronx Bound Books, the Bronx is becoming a heaven for book lovers day by day. I’m sure that the little bookstore will continue to develop quickly!（多亏了Latanya和布朗克斯装订的书籍，布朗克斯正日益成为书籍爱好者的天堂。我相信这家小书店会继续快速发展！）”可知，作者认为布朗克斯装订书籍前景很好。故选C。
C
Suppose you are out shopping and come across an acquaintance who starts telling you a story that seems to be dragging on and on. You want to seem interested, so you offer the occasional “Oh” or “I see”. To your surprise, though, this person angrily stops in their tracks and says, “Sorry if I’m boring you!”
Where did this come from Clearly, your body language must have betrayed you. The idea that verbal (口头的) and nonverbal messages can conflict was the inspiration for a recently published study from Yale University’s Lueylle Armentano. As part of her study of communication in relationships, Armentano’s research also examined communication channels in people meeting for the first time.
To test the role of verbal-nonverbal mismatch on emotional communication, Armentano and her partner created experimental conditions to see what happens when someone asks for help from strangers. The research team created videotapes of a fellow Yale student expressing nervousness in his words, bodily gestures, or both. The bodily gestures included running his hands through his hair, grabbing his arm, and facially expressing uneasiness. The key question was whether the other participants, another 82 Yale students, would believe the student and provide the help he was requesting. They needed to give their responses.
Turning to the findings, those nonverbal cues (提示) of nervousness had a greater impact on helping behavior than the verbal cues. Surprisingly, helping behavior was the highest when verbal expressions of nervousness were low but nonverbal cues were high.
Recognizing that your body language can outweigh your words means that you need to be mindful of what your body is doing when you’re interacting with others. Generally, when someone is speaking to you, you want to look like you’re interested. Not only should you maintain eye contact, but you should keep your body still and face toward the other person. If you’re not trying to look interested, it may be more polite to say you have to be somewhere else.
8. What is paragraph 1 mainly about
A. The obvious advantages of body language.
B. A situation where body language is a must.
C. An example of verbal-nonverbal mismatch.
D. The proper way to interact with old friends.
9. What were the 82 Yale students asked to do
A. Express nervousness in their words. B. Identify the types of body language.
C. Try to win the nervous student’s trust. D. Respond to the nervous student’s request.
10. What played the most important role in helping the student win kindness
A. His sincere verbal expressions. B. His bodily gestures of nervousness.
C. His positive attitude to nervousness. D. His good manners in front of others.
11. What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph
A. Make a prediction. B. Offer suggestions.
C. Present some facts. D. Give some warnings.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. B 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了耶鲁大学的Lueylle Armentano最近发表的一项研究，研究表明与人互动时，你的肢体语言可以胜过你的口头语言。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段最后两句“You want to seem interested, so you offer the occasional “Oh” or “I see”. To your surprise, though, this person angrily stops in their tracks and says, “Sorry if I’m boring you!（你想显得感兴趣，所以你偶尔说“哦”或“我明白了”。然而，让你惊讶的是，这个人生气地停下脚步说：“如果我让你感到无聊了，我很抱歉!”）”可知，这是一个言语和行为上不一致的一个举例，即语言和非语言不匹配的例子。故选C项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句“The key question was whether the other participants, another 82 Yale students, would believe the student and provide the help he was requesting. They needed to give their responses.（关键问题是，其他的参与者，另外82名耶鲁学生，是否会相信这个学生，并提供他所要求的帮助。他们需要给出自己的反应。）”可知，这82名耶鲁学生被要求对紧张的学生的要求作出回应。故选D项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后一句“Surprisingly, helping behavior was the highest when verbal expressions of nervousness were low but nonverbal cues were high.（令人惊讶的是，当紧张的言语表达较少而非言语暗示较多时，帮助行为最高。）”可知，非语言暗示，即紧张的肢体动作是赢得善意最重要的因素。故选B项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句“Recognizing that your body language can outweigh your words means that you need to be mindful of what your body is doing when you’re interacting with others.（意识到你的肢体语言可以胜过你的语言意味着当你与他人互动时，你需要注意你的身体在做什么。）”结合全段可推知，本段作者主要是给出一些针对性的建议。故选B项。
D
Water is so low in large stretches of Italy’s largest river that local residents are walking through the middle of the expanse of sand and an old ship is resurfacing.
In a park near the central northern village of Gualtieri, cyclists and hikers stop in curiosity to observe the Zibello, a 50-meter-long ship that transported wood during the WWⅡ but sank in 1943. It was normally covered by the Po’s waters. “It’s the first time that we can see this ship,” said amateur cyclist Raffaele Vezzal. “I’ve never seen such a drought at this time of year—our main worry was our river flooding, but now we worry about its disappearance.”
The drying up of the Po, which runs 652 kilometers from the northwestern city of Turin to Venice, is jeopardizing the drinking water supply in Italy’s densely populated and highly industrialized districts and threatening irrigation in the most intensively farmed part of the country, known as the Italian food valley.
Northern Italy hasn’t seen rainfall for more than 110 days and this year’s snowfall is down by 70%. Aquifers (含水层), which hold groundwater, are exhausted. Temperatures of 2℃ above season average are melting the tiny snowfields and glaciers that were left on the top of the surrounding Alps, leaving the Po basin without its summer water reservoirs.
All these factors are leading to the worst drought in 70 years according to the Po River Basin Authority (PRBA).
Meuccio Berselli, secretary-general of the Po River Basin Authority, is working on a plan to guarantee drinking and irrigation water to millions of households and to the Po valley farmers, who produce 40% of Italian food. The plan includes higher draining from Alpine lakes, less water for hydroelectric (水力发电的) plants and distribution of water in the upstream regions.
According to a state owned energy service system operator, 55% of the renewable energy coming from hydroelectric plants in Italy comes from the Po and its tributaries. Experts fear that a lack of hydroelectric power will contribute to increased carbon dioxide emissions (排放), as more electricity will have to be produced with natural gas.
12. What does the resurfacing of the Zibello suggest
A. The drought of the Po is serious. B. River flooding is worrying.
C. It has been recovered from damage. D. Residents are preserving it
13. What does the underlined word “jeopardizing” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Indicating. B. Increasing. C. Endangering. D. Providing.
14. What does the text indicate about the PRBA’s plan
A. It helps to generate renewable energy.
B. It may lead to environmental problems.
C. It will cause the Po to disappear quickly.
D. It deserves wide support and high praise.
15. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. A Wartime Ship Is Resurfacing B. Italy Is Seeking Water Supplies
C. A Drought Is Threatening Farmers D. Italy’s Largest River Is Drying Up
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. B 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。由于70年来最严重干旱，意大利最大的河流——波河面临干涸，给意大利人生活用水和灌溉带来极大威胁。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一自然段“Water is so low in large stretches of Italy’s largest river that local residents are walking through the middle of the expanse of sand and an old ship is resurfacing.（意大利最大河流的大部分河段水位如此之低，以至于当地居民正穿过这片广阔的沙滩，一艘旧船正在浮出水面。）”可知，济贝洛号的浮出水面表明波河的干旱非常严重。故选A。
【13题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第三自然段“The drying up of the Po, which runs 652 kilometers from the northwestern city of Turin to Venice, is jeopardizing the drinking water supply in Italy’s densely populated and highly industrialized districts and threatening irrigation in the most intensively farmed part of the country, known as the Italian food valley.”中的“The drying up of the Po（波河干涸）”以及“and threatening irrigation（并威胁到灌溉）”可知，划线词在词义上与“threatening”接近。A. Indicating.表明；暗示；B. Increasing. 增加；C. Endangering.危害；使遭受危险；D. Providing. 提供。故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“The plan includes higher draining from Alpine lakes, less water for hydroelectric (水力发电的) plants and distribution of water in the upstream regions.（该计划包括高山湖泊排水量增加、水电站用水减少以及上游地区的水分配。）”和最后一段“Experts fear that a lack of hydroelectric power will contribute to increased carbon dioxide emissions (排放), as more electricity will have to be produced with natural gas.（专家担心，缺乏水力发电将导致二氧化碳排放增加，因为更多的电力将不得不使用天然气生产。）”可知，波河流域管理局的计划可能导致环境问题。故选B。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一自然段“Water is so low in large stretches of Italy’s largest river that local residents are walking through the middle of the expanse of sand and an old ship is resurfacing.（意大利最大河流的大部分河段水位如此之低，以至于当地居民正穿过这片广阔的沙滩，一艘旧船正在浮出水面。）”以及语篇其他段落可知，本文主要讲了由于70年来最严重的干旱，意大利最大的河流波河面临干涸的困境。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do you feel jealous (嫉妒的) of your best friend from time to time ____16____, but it can be unhealthy to be jealous of the people you love. Fortunately, you can work on yourself to overcome such jealousy.
____17____. Often, when you figure out what your insecurities or challenges are, you will be able to build them into strengths, which will prohibit feeling of jealousy. While it isn’t an easy task to examine yourself for your flaws (缺点), it must be done.
Build your self esteem. Self esteem is how you feel about yourself as a person. There are many ways to work on your self-esteem including, but not limited to:
●Recognizing your strengths. Are you good at school Are you a fair listener or a trusted secret keeper for your friends ____18____.
●Actively engaging in activities you are good at. It can remind you of your strengths and build self-esteem.
Find happiness in yourself. ____19____. Feelings of inadequacy increase the likelihood that you will experience jealousy. You can find happiness in yourself by focusing on internal (内部的) strengths and practising daily positive intentions.
Reclaim your power over your emotions. Do not let your emotions hold control over you as this will create a reactive state of emoting. ____20____. When you begin to feel jealous or angry, remind yourself that you are being reactive and choose to stop feeling that way.
A. Recognize your insecurities
B. Rise to the challenges ahead
C. Being happy is an emotion beyond control
D. Jealousy can be experienced by anyone at any time
E. Instead, remember that every emotion you feel is a choice
F. Write down a list of your best qualities and reread it any time you doubt yourself
G. It’s easier to become jealous of people around you if you aren’t happy with yourself
【答案】16. D 17. A 18. F 19. G 20. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍如何克服嫉妒你的最好的朋友。
【16题详解】
根据前句“Do you feel jealous (嫉妒的) of your best friend from time to time (你会时不时地嫉妒你最好的朋友吗 )”和后半句“but it can be unhealthy to be jealous of the people you love.(但嫉妒你爱的人是不健康的。)”可知，嫉妒是难以避免的，但这种嫉妒是不健康的，前后句之间为转折关系。所以选择项D“Jealousy can be experienced by anyone at any time(任何人在任何时候都可能经历嫉妒)”符合上下文语境。故选D。
【17题详解】
这里为本段中心句。根据后文“Often, when you figure out what your insecurities or challenges are, you will be able to build them into strengths, which will prohibit feeling of jealousy. While it isn’t an easy task to examine yourself for your flaws (缺点), it must be done. (通常，当你找出你的不安全感或挑战是什么，你就能把它们变成优势，这将阻止嫉妒的感觉。虽然检查自己的缺点不是一件容易的事情，但这是必须要做的。)”可知，本段介绍杜绝嫉妒最重要的是找出自己的不安全感。所以选择项A“Recognize your insecurities (认识到你的不安全感。)”符合上下文语境。故选A。
【18题详解】
根据前文“Recognizing your strengths. Are you good at school Are you a fair listener or a trusted secret keeper for your friends (意识到你的优点。你在学校成绩好吗 你是一个公平的倾听者还是一个值得信赖的保守秘密的朋友 )”可知，避免嫉妒的又一方法是：了解自己的优点或好的品质，提升自尊。所以选择项F“Write down a list of your best qualities and reread it any time you doubt yourself (写下你最好的品质清单，当你怀疑自己的时候再读一遍。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
【19题详解】
根据本段中心句“Find happiness in yourself. (从自己身上寻找快乐。)”和后文“Feelings of inadequacy increase the likelihood that you will experience jealousy. You can find happiness in yourself by focusing on internal (内部的) strengths and practising daily positive intentions. (情感不足会增加你嫉妒的可能性。通过关注内在的力量，每天练习积极的意图，你可以在自己身上找到快乐。)”可知，嫉妒产生的原因之一就是对自己不满意。所以选择项G“It’s easier to become jealous of people around you if you aren’t happy with yourself (如果你对自己不满意，你会更容易嫉妒周围的人)”符合上下文语境。故选G。
【20题详解】
根据前句“Do not let your emotions hold control over you as this will create a reactive state of emoting. (不要让你的情绪控制你,因为这将创建一个反作用的感情状态。)”和后句“When you begin to feel jealous or angry, remind yourself that you are being reactive and choose to stop feeling that way. (当你开始感到嫉妒或生气时，提醒自己这是被动的，并选择停止这种感觉。)”可知，要注重控制自己的每一种情绪。所以选择项E“Instead, remember that every emotion you feel is a choice (相反，记住你的每一种情绪都是一种选择)”符合上下文语境。故选E。
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
You may be familiar with the announcement “Mind the Gap” that is often heard on the London Underground. It’s a ____21____ most travelers take for granted, but it has special meaning for Margaret McCollum because it’s helping her ____22____ her husband Oswald, who died in 2007.
Back in 1950, Oswald recorded the announcement used on the underground network. After he died, McCollum, who was retired, would go to the Embankment station every day and ____23____ her husband’s voice.
Sitting on a bench, the lady would hear the ____24____ voice every few minutes when a new train pulled into the ____25____. It gave her some comfort.
____26____, the recording was eventually ____27____ by an electronic version in 2012. So McCollum went to the London Transport Company to see if they could ____28____ her a copy of the original recording. She wasn’t ____29____ if they would help, but she insisted on going.
_____30_____, they agreed, but the London Underground staff made a lot of effort to _____31_____ the original recording. The digitizing process meant all underground recordings had been placed in archives (档案), and work had to be done to _____32_____ the voice.
But _____33_____ offering a copy to McCollum, the company helped her in another way. They were so moved by McCollum’s _____34_____ that they decided to reinstate (恢复) Oswald’s _____35_____ at the Embankment station which McCollum could _____36_____ to visit every day.
According to All on the Board, a motivational Instagram account run by two London Underground staff, that is the only _____37_____ on the Northern Line Underground network that has that kind of recording. What’s more, for every train _____38_____ the station, Oswald’s recording is _____39_____ three times, which must be a _____40_____ for McCollum.
21. A. hobby B. joke C. route D. message
22. A. rescue B. assist C. award D. remember
23. A. figure out B. get over C. listen to D. make up
24. A. unknown B. shocking C. familiar D. sorrowful
25. A. platform B. waiting room C. studio D. ticket office
26. A. However B. Therefore C. Besides D. Otherwise
27. A. destroyed B. replaced C. combined D. improved
28. A. buy B. give C. pay D. return
29. A. curious B. worried C. doubtful D. sure
30. A. Gradually B. Suddenly C. Thankfully D. Unfortunately
31. A. promote B. find C. mix D. hide
32. A. restore B. steal C. understand D. resist
33. A. instead of B. regardless of C. due to D. according to
34. A. generosity B. story C. honesty D. journey
35. A. fame B. title C. recording D. career
36. A. refuse B. begin C. agree D. continue
37. A. country B. company C. train D. station
38. A. facing B. entering C. departing D. crashing
39. A. played B. exchanged C. adjusted D. assessed
40. A. challenge B. habit C. treat D. burden
【答案】21. D 22. D 23. C 24. C 25. A 26. A 27. B 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. A 34. B 35. C 36. D 37. D 38. B 39. A 40. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。麦科勒姆的丈夫奥斯瓦尔德早在1950年就录制了伦敦地下网络的广播。丈夫去世后，退休的麦科勒姆每天都会去河堤车站，听她丈夫的声音。然而，录音最终在2012年被电子版取代。于是，麦科勒姆去了伦敦运输公司，看看他们是否能给她一份原始录音的副本。最终，伦敦运输公司被麦科勒姆的故事深深打动，决定恢复奥斯瓦尔德在河堤车站的录音，麦科勒姆可以继续每天去那里。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个大多数旅行者都认为理所当然的信息，但它对玛格丽特·麦科勒姆有特殊的意义，因为它帮助她纪念2007年去世的丈夫奥斯瓦尔德。A. hobby业余爱好；B. joke玩笑；C. route路线；D. message消息。根据上文“You may be familiar with the announcement “Mind the Gap” that is often heard on the London Underground.”可知，因为太熟悉这个广播，因此大多数旅行者都认为理所当然的信息。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是一个大多数旅行者都认为理所当然的信息，但它对玛格丽特·麦科勒姆有特殊的意义，因为它帮助她纪念2007年去世的丈夫奥斯瓦尔德。A. rescue营救；B. assist帮助；C. award奖励；D. remember纪念。根据空后“her husband Oswald, who died in 2007”可知，此处指纪念已经去世的丈夫。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他去世后，退休的麦科勒姆每天都会去河堤车站，听她丈夫的声音。A. figure out算出；B. get over克服；C. listen to听；D. make up组成。根据上文“Back in 1950, Oswald recorded the announcement used on the underground network.”及空后“her husband’s voice”可知，麦科勒姆每天都会去河堤车站，听她丈夫的声音。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：A. unknown未知的；B. shocking令人震惊的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. sorrowful悲伤的。根据上文“After he died, McCollum, who was retired, would go to the Embankment station every day and ____3____ her husband’s voice.”及常识可知，丈夫的声音理应是熟悉的声音。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位女士坐在长椅上，每隔几分钟就会听到那个熟悉的声音，这时一列新火车驶进了月台。A. platform(火车站的)月台；B. waiting room等候室；C. studio工作室；D. ticket office售票处。根据上文“the Embankment station”常识可知，火车进站后，会驶进月台。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这段录音最终在2012年被电子版取代。A. However然而；B. Therefore所以；C. Besides此外；D. Otherwise否则。根据“ the lady would hear the　　4　　voice every few minutes ”和下文“the recording was eventually　　7　　by an electronic version in 2012”可知，女士经常去车站听丈夫的声音，但是2012年广播被电子版替代，前后句意存在转折关系，应用转折副词however。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，这段录音最终在2012年被电子版取代。A. destroyed破坏；B. replaced代替；C. combined结合；D. improved提高。根据空后“by an electronic version in 2012”可知，此处指这段录音在2012年被电子版取代。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：于是，麦科勒姆去了伦敦运输公司，看看他们是否能给她一份原始录音的副本。A. buy买；B. give给；C. pay支付；D. return返还。根据上文“he recording was eventually 　7　　　by an electronic version in 2012”及空后“a copy of the original recording”可知，录音被电子版代替，因此麦科勒姆想看看伦敦运输公司是否能给她一份原始录音的副本。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她不确定他们是否会帮忙，但她坚持要去。A. curious好奇的；B. worried担心的；C. doubtful怀疑的；D. sure确定的。根据空后“if they would help, but she insisted on going”可知，她不确定他们是否会给予帮助。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：谢天谢地，他们同意了，但伦敦地铁的工作人员花了很大力气才找到原始录音。A. Gradually逐渐地；B. Suddenly突然；C. Thankfully感谢地；D. Unfortunately不幸地。根据上文“She wasn’t ____9____ if they would help, but she insisted on going.”及下文“they agreed”可知，这是一下值得感激的事情。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：谢天谢地，他们同意了，但伦敦地铁的工作人员花了很大力气才找到原始录音。A. promote促进；B. find找到；C. mix混合；D. hide躲起来。根据上文“McCollum went to the London Transport Company to see if they could 　　　8　　　her a copy of the original recording. ”可知，麦科勒姆想看看伦敦运输公司是否能给她一份原始录音的副本。因此推断伦敦地铁的工作人员花了很大力气才找到原始录音。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：数字化的过程意味着所有的地下录音都被放在了档案里，必须要做一些工作来恢复声音。A. restore恢复；B. steal偷；C. understand理解；D. resist抵制。根据上文“The digitizing process meant all underground recordings had been placed in archives (档案)”及常识可知，此处指恢复声音。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：但这家公司并没有向麦科勒姆提供一份副本，而是用另一种方式帮助了她。A. instead of代替；B. regardless of不管；C. due to由于；D. according to根据。根据下文“They were so moved by McCollum’s ____14____ that they decided to reinstate (恢复) Oswald’s ____15____ at the Embankment station which McCollum could ____16____ to visit every day.”可知，这家公司并没有向麦科勒姆提供副本。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们被麦科勒姆的故事深深打动，决定恢复奥斯瓦尔德在河堤车站的录音，麦科勒姆可以继续每天去那里。A. generosity慷慨；B. story故事；C. honesty诚实；D. journey旅行。根据空前“They were so moved”及下文“they decided to reinstate (恢复) Oswald’s ____15____ at the Embankment station which McCollum could ____16____ to visit every day.”可知，他们被麦科勒姆的故事深深打动了，所以决定恢复奥斯瓦尔德在河堤车站的录音。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们被麦科勒姆的故事深深打动，决定恢复奥斯瓦尔德在河堤车站的录音，麦科勒姆可以继续每天去那里。A. fame名声；B. title标题；C. recording录音；D. career职业生涯。根据下文“that is the only ____17____ on the Northern Line Underground network that has that kind of recording.”可知，他们决定恢复奥斯瓦尔德在河堤车站的录音。故选C。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们被麦科勒姆的故事深深打动，决定恢复奥斯瓦尔德在河堤车站的录音，麦科勒姆可以继续每天去那里。A. refuse拒绝；B. begin开始；C. agree同意；D. continue继续。根据上文“After he died, McCollum, who was retired, would go to the Embankment station every day and ____3____ her husband’s voice.”及空后“to visit every day”可知，此处指继续每天去那里。故选D。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据 All on the Board，一个由两名伦敦地铁工作人员运营的励志的Instagram账户，那是北线地铁网络中唯一一个有这种录音的车站。A. country国家；B. company公司；C. train火车；D. station车站。that指代上文提到的“the Embankment station”，故此处指车站。故选D。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，每一辆进站的火车，都会播放三遍奥斯瓦尔德的录音，这对麦科勒姆来说一定是一种享受。A. facing面对；B. entering进入；C. departing离开；D. crashing崩溃。根据上文“Sitting on a bench, the lady would hear the ____4____ voice every few minutes when a new train pulled into the ____5____.”可知，火车进站时会播放录音。故选B。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，每一辆进站的火车，都会播放三遍奥斯瓦尔德的录音，这对麦科勒姆来说一定是一种享受。A. played播放；B. exchanged交换；C. adjusted调整；D. assessed评价。根据上文“Sitting on a bench, the lady would hear the ____4____ voice every few minutes when a new train pulled into the ____5____.”可知，火车进站时会播放录音。故选A。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，每一辆进站的火车，都会播放三遍奥斯瓦尔德的录音，这对麦科勒姆来说一定是一种享受。A. challenge挑战；B. habit习惯；C. treat款待；乐事；D. burden负担。根据上文“Sitting on a bench, the lady would hear the ____4____ voice every few minutes when a new train pulled into the ____5____. It gave her some comfort.”及“What’s more, for every train ____18____ the station, Oswald’s recording is ____19____ three times”可知，播放三次录音对麦科勒姆来说一定是一种款待。故选C。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Eiffel Tower is one of the world’s most famous sights. The 324-meter-tall iron tower, ____41____ attracts millions of tourists to Paris every year, has been an iconic part of Paris’ skyline for 133 years. However, it is showing its age. Engineers recently conducted a survey of the monument. They found that its metal was full of rust (锈) ____42____ said it was in a poor state. They added that if its designer Gustave Eiffel was alive today and saw his ____43____ (create), he would have a heart attack. Engineers said the tower needed many repairs. As ____44____ matter of fact, a 2016 report on the tower stated there were 698 faults on the tower, which were serious enough to put the ____45____ (tower) long-term future in doubt.
Construction of the Eiffel Tower started in January 1887 and it opened to the public on the 31st of March, 1889. It ____46____ (build) to celebrate the 1889 World’s Fair in Paris. The original plan was for the tower ____47____ (take) down after 20 years. However, the French government changed its mind and ____48____ (keep) it in place. The tower is ____49____ (current) being repainted ahead of the 2024 Olympics. Engineers say _____50_____ (paint) the metal will not make the rust problem go away. They say the existing paint needs to be completely removed first.
【答案】41. which
42. and 43. creation
44. a 45. tower’s
46. was built
47. to be taken
48. kept 49. currently
50. painting
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是埃菲尔铁塔修建的始末以及它的令人担忧的现状。
【41题详解】
考查非限制性定语从句。句意：133年来，这座324米高的铁塔一直是巴黎天际线的标志性部分，每年都吸引着数百万游客来到巴黎。空处所在句子为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词tower，从句缺主语，先行词为物，应用关系代词which。故填which。
【42题详解】
考查连词。句意：他们发现这座纪念碑的金属长满了锈，并说它的状态很差。结合句意可知此处表示said与found两个谓语动词的并列，应用并列连词and。故填and。
【43题详解】
考查名词。句意：他们补充说，如果它的设计师古斯塔夫·埃菲尔今天还活着，看到他的作品，他会心脏病发作的。结合句意及空前的动词saw his可知应填名词形式creation，作宾语，creation表示“作品”时为可数名词，此处指埃菲尔铁塔这一项作品，应用单数。故填creation。
【44题详解】
考查冠词。句意：事实上，2016年的一份关于塔的报告称，塔上有698个故障，这些故障严重到足以让人怀疑塔的长期未来。as a matter of fact意为“事实上；实际上”，固定搭配。故填a。
【45题详解】
考查名词所有格。句意：事实上，2016年的一份关于塔的报告称，塔上有698个故障，这些故障严重到足以让人怀疑塔的长期未来。结合句意及空后的long-term future可知应填名词所有格，作定语，修饰future。故填tower’s。
46题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：它是为庆祝1889年的巴黎世界博览会而建的。结合句意可知空处应填谓语动词的形式，依据in January 1887可知动作发生在过去，且tower与build之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was built。
【47题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：最初的计划是在20年后拆除这座塔。名词plan/goal/aim/task/dream, etc.等作主语，应用不定式作表语，tower与take down之间为被动关系，应用不定式的被动语态。故填to be taken。
【48题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：然而，法国政府改变了主意，保留了这座塔。结合句意及空前的并列连词and，可知应填谓语动词的形式，与changed并列。故填kept。
【49题详解】
考查副词。句意：在2024年奥运会之前，这座塔目前正在重新粉刷。结合句意可知空处修饰动词is being repainted，应用副词形式，作状语。故填currently。
【50题详解】
考查动名词。句意：工程师们表示，给金属上漆并不能解决生锈的问题。结合句意以及空后的will make可知空处应填动名词形式，作主语，表示习惯性，经常性动作。故填painting。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I used to thought that someone was born a winner. For example, my deskmate was so a person. While we took the same English class in the same classroom, she did better than rest of us, especially in spoken English. But as I paid more attentions to her, I found that she spent more time in her study. Every morning, she got up early than us and went to the playground to practise spoken English. Every evening, while most of us was chatting in the comfortably dormitory, she was listening to English news.
From her experience, I have been learnt that no one is born a winner. People make themselves winners through our own effort.
【答案】1. thought→think
2. so→such
3. 在rest之前加the
4. attentions→attention
5. in→on
6. early→earlier
7. was→were
8. comfortably→comfortable
9. 删掉been
10. our→their
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述是作者曾经以为有人生来就是赢家，但是同桌的在学习上的表现颠覆了作者曾经的错误认知，同时作者也认识到只有通过个人努力才能成为人生赢家的道理。
【详解】1.考查固定搭配。句意：我曾经以为有些人生来就是赢家。used to do sth.意为“过去曾经做某事”，固定搭配。故将thought改为think。
2.考查形容词。句意：例如，我的同桌就是这样一个人。结合句意此处表示“这样的；如此的”，应用形容词such，such a/an+名词单数。故将so改为such。
3.考查冠词。句意：虽然我们在同一个教室上同一节英语课，但她比我们其他人做得更好，尤其是在英语口语方面。结合句意此处表示“我们其他人”，应用the rest of us…，固定搭配。故在rest之前加the。
4.考查的数。句意：但随着我对她的关注越来越多，我发现她花在学习上的时间越来越多。pay attention to意为“注意；重视”，固定搭配，attention为不可数名词。故将attentions改为attention。
5.考查介词。句意：但随着我对她的关注越来越多，我发现她花在学习上的时间越来越多。spend time on sth.意为“花时间在某事上”，固定搭配。故将in改为on。
6.考查副词比较级。句意：每天早上，她比我们起得早，去操场练习英语口语。依据句中的than可知此处表示她起床比我们早，应用比较级。故将early改为earlier。
7.考查主谓一致。句意：每天晚上，当我们大多数人在舒适的宿舍里聊天时，她却在听英语新闻。句子主语为most of us，所以谓语动词应用复数形式。故将was改为were。
8.考查形容词。句意：每天晚上，当我们大多数人在舒适的宿舍里聊天时，她却在听英语新闻。结合句意此处修饰名词dormitory，应用形容词，作定语。故将comfortably改为comfortable。
9.考查动词时态。句意：从她的经历中，我了解到没有人是天生的赢家。结合句意主语I与learn之间为主动关系，been多余。故删掉been。
10.考查代词。句意：人们通过自己的努力使自己成为赢家。结合句意此处表示人们通过他们自己的努力成为人生的赢家，表示“他们自己的”应用their own。故将our改为their。
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
52. 假定你是李华，最近正在为中秋节走访敬老院（the Nursing Home）这一活动作准备。你的交换生好友David发邮件向你询问此事，请你回复邮件。内容包括：
1. 简要介绍该活动；
2. 邀请他参与；
3.期待回复。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear David,
I’d like to invite you to join us for a visit to the Nursing Home next Saturday for the Mid-autumn Festival.
We will go and present the elderly with mooncakes and fruits to show our care for them. We’ll also spend some fun time together singing, dancing and playing games, which we hope will make them happy. We should be back around 4 o’clock in the afternoon. If you are able to come with us, please let us know and we’ll wait for you at the school gate at 9:00 in the morning.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给交换生好友David写封邮件，介绍中秋节走访敬老院（the Nursing Home）活动，并邀请他一同前往敬老院陪老人们过中秋节。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
展示：show →display
关心：care →concern
希望：hope →wish
高兴的：happy →delighted
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：We will go and present the elderly with mooncakes and fruits to show our care for them.
拓展句：We will go and present the elderly with mooncakes and fruits, the purpose of which is to show our care for them.
【点睛】[高分句型1] We’ll also spend some fun time together singing, dancing and playing games, which we hope will make them happy. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] If you are able to come with us, please let us know and we’ll wait for you at the school gate at 9:00 in the morning. (运用了if引导的条件状语从句)

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