资源简介

永州市冷水滩区2022-2023学年高二上学期9月入学考试
英语试题 原卷版
第一部分 听力(略)
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The Best Free Tourist Places in America
Alaska: Anchorage Market and Festival
Although Anchorage isn’t the capital of Alaska, it is the state’s largest city with the largest population. The Anchorage Market and Festival is open and free of charge on weekends. Anchorage is at the beginning of the Tony Knowles Coastal Trail, where walks can last between two hours and a half day.
It’s free, of course.
Arkansas : Walmart Museum
Lying in the northwest corner of Arkansas is Bentonville, which gave birth to a little mall you may have heard of. It’s Walmart, one of the biggest companies in the world at present. It is free to visit the Walmart Museum, which attracts thousands of visitors every year. And just outside the town is the well-known Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, which is also free.
Connecticut: Yale University
New Haven, Connecticut was the first place in the U.S. to offer pizza to the hungry and the homeless, including students of Yale University. While in New Haven you can go on a tour of the campus (校园), where many beautiful buildings have existed for a long time. It’s the university where President Bushes, Bill and Hillary Clinton, journalist Bob Woodward, and Samuel F. B. Morse studied.
Kansas: Santa Fe Trail
Western Kansas has very little light pollution. So as you travel along, stop once in a while and stare at the night sky. The Santa Fe Trail went through Kansas and you can still walk the longest remaining distance of the road just outside Dodge City.
1. What may especially attract visitors to Bentonville
A. The chance to find many interesting goods.
B. The chance to get trained in a large company.
C. The chance to get something free in Walmart.
D. The chance to get a good knowledge of Walmart.
2. What can people do in New Haven
A. Make pizza with students of Yale.
B. Appreciate old buildings.
C Meet famous people.
D. Attend some free classes.
3. Which place is more attractive to those who enjoy the peaceful night sky
A. Kansas. B. Bentonville. C. Anchorage. D. New Haven.
B
“Runners, on your mark. Get set...” Bang! And I was off, along with other teenage runners from high schools across the country. It was a fine day, like any other fair-weather autumn day in Maryland. But the race that day felt unique from the get-go. For one thing, I like the course. It was my team’s home course, one I was used to running during practices. It took runners along terrain(地形) that included open fields, hills and even dirt paths through a small forest. It was a beautiful 5-kilometer course. This particular race was our team’s invite, and I was proud to be sharing the course with competitors from other schools. It also meant a lot more than normal-that my parents were to cheer me on.
With so much to expect that day, I was ready to run! And I didn’t want to be stuck with other runners, as is typical at the beginning of most cross-country races. So when the gun sounded, I took off running, leaving everyone else in the dust.
The first of our course followed a large open field before disappearing into the forest. Within seconds of the start, I was far ahead of everyone, and all of the fans could see it. It felt magnificent!
But that feeling didn’t last long. Little did I know my coach was laughing to himself, thinking,“Gabe is done for!” And I was. My body was telling me to slow down. My pride, however, said“No! Not until you’re out of the audiences!”I was in pain, but I kept up my pace until I reached the forest. Once I was among the trees, I slowed my way down.
I enjoyed most races, even while pushing myself, but this one was not enjoyable in the least. I finished the race, but in nowhere near the time I could have if I’d paced myself well from the beginning. Every time I reflect on that cross-country season, I’m reminded of something:Pride is no substitute for pace.
4. What made the race unique to the author according to Paragraph 1
A. The blue sky and white clouds. B. The competitors and audiences.
C. The home course and his parents. D. The unknown terrain and fair weather.
5. What can be inferred from Paragraph 4
A. The coach thought the author was going to fail the race.
B. The coach thought the author would probably be prized.
C. The coach thought the author was doing a great job.
D. The coach thought the author needed to pace up.
6. Why didn’t the author enjoy the race
A. Because he slowed his way down.
B. Because he didn’t finished the race.
C. Because he lost the game completely.
D. Because he could have done better.
7. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. The Race Less Paced B. The Meaning of Pride
C. A Race worth Celebrating D. A Competition of My Team
C
Preparing Cities for Robot Cars
The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way panies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.
While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.
Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services.
A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.
Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.
8. According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can __________.
A. help deal with transportation-related problems
B. provide better services to customers
C. cause damage to our environment
D. make some people lose jobs
9. As for driverless cars, what is the author’s major concern
A. Safety. B. Side effects.
C. Affordability. D. Management.
10. What does the underlined word ＂fielded＂ in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Employed. B. Replaced.
C. Shared. D. Reduced.
11. What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars
A. Doubtful. B. Positive.
C. Disapproving. D. Sympathetic.
D
American and Canadian ocean scientists are taking an unexpected opportunity presented by the coronavirus pandemic. They are trying to discover whether Pacific Northwest whales benefit from the drop in boat traffic and underwater noise.
Stay-home laws have greatly reduced entertaining boat trips and ferry crossings this spring Commercial whale watching tours remain on hold. Large ships carrying goods continue to come and go less often. Noise and boat disturbance are considered main reasons for the decrease of the Northwest’s endangered killer whales besides reducing food supply and pollution.
“From a killer whale’s point of view, not having fast moving boats around might be quite beneficial,” said oceanographer Scott Veirs of Seattle, who is in charge of an underwater microphone network called Oreasound.
However, the decrease in sea traffic by the coronavirus pandemic may be short-lived, meaning archers have to act fast to document if the quieter seas make happier, healthier whales.
“We are all trying to remain ready,” Veirs said. “If the pandemic continues to affect boat traffic for the next couple of months, we’ll have a very rare activity when noise levels are reduced. I hope that happens, opportunity to observe killer whale activity when noise levels are reduced. I hope that happens.”
The population of killer whales in the water of the U.S. Pacific Northwest and southwestern British Columbia has reduced to around 73. They use sound to hunt, locate and communicate, but noise from boat engines can affect the sound waves they make for echolocation (同声定位). Other larger whales that live Northwest waters communicate over longer distances in a frequency band (波段) that is almost the same with the low frequency noise made by large container ships.
Veirs believes if we continue to not have any commercial whale watching and limit our entertaining boating, the killer whales would certainly experience less of noise disturbance from the boats.
12. What do killer whales benefit from the coronavirus pandemic
A. Reduced noise and boat disturbance.
B. More whale watching tourists.
C. Stricter laws on ocean pollution.
D. Increased food supply.
13. What is the concern of Scott Veirs
A. The echolocation function of whales is damaged.
B. The ocean traffic may increase before long.
C. The frequency band whales use is similar to boats.
D. The population of killer whales drops too quickly.
14. What is Paragraph 6 mainly about
A. The population of killer whales.
B. Why noise from boats affects the life of whales.
C. How killer whales use sound waves.
D. The frequency band killer whales use.
15. Where does the passage come from
A. A travel diary. B. A brochure.
C. Science fiction. D. A science report.
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The first World Friendship Day was proposed for July 30, 1958 by the World Friendship Crusade, an international civil organization to foster a culture of peace through friendship. ___16___ Just as in the US and several other countries, the festival has been greatly commercialized（商业化）.
Days before the festival, card and gift companies launch a large campaign(活动) to attract people into buying cards and gifts for their friends. Streets and stores are filled with advertising programs aimed at young people. ___17___ This marketing strategy(策略) has been severely criticized(批判) by many people. Many feel that such crazy commercialization has damaged the meaning of Friendship Day.
___18___ especially the pink and yellow ones. The day is observed with great pleasure and merry. A highly popular thing connected with the day is the well-known friendship band—the modern day symbol of friendship that friends give to one another to form an everlasting bond. Friendship bands are the favorite items for youngsters and available in stores all over the country. Friendship poems and Friendship Day gifts are exchanged between best friends to renew the bond of friendship and express gratitude and love for each other. ___19___
Since its beginning in 1935, Friendship Day celebrations have come a long way. ___20___ Friendship Day remains the time when you acknowledge your friends’ contribution in your life, express love for them, cherish their presence in your life and pay them a salute. Today, Friendship Day is being celebrated around the globe, across diverse cultures and social periods.
A. The popular customs of Friendship Day include handing over roses,
B. The idea of honoring friendship was adopted by a few countries in Asia.
C. Restaurants offer special discounts to make the most of the time as well.
D. These days, however, it is celebrated with a lot of showing off and expenses.
E. These are new ways of celebration of this day that have grown in popularity.
F. The original idea for a day of friendship came from Hallmark cards in the 1930s.
G. But however much the ways of celebration have changed, the basic idea behind the occasion remains the same.
第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分）
第一节 完形填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1分，满分15 分）
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In almost every photo from our 1986 family vacation to Washington D.C.,I am showing off the souvenir I ____21____ from the gift shop at the Smithsonian’s National Zoo- a cotton sweatshirt with pandas dancing on the ____22____. I was nine years old, and pandas were cool. Not even midsummer heat could ____23____me keeping that sweatshirt on throughout the ____24____ .
Over 30 years later I found myself among a pool of photojournalists and video crews ____25____ into the panda enclosure(围场). A baby panda named Bei Bei was being ____26____ to the world, and I was covering it for National Geographic. I asked zoo administrators if I could ____27____ periodically to document the first year of the panda’s life. They said yes.
Soon I was making ____28____ stops at the zoo to record the baby’s daily ____29____. I watched Bei Bei grow from a baby to a _____30_____,energetic youth. He played with the keepers, looking around the corner from one room to the next in his version of hide-and- seek, he’d lunge(猛冲) for my camera, reminding me that he was _____31_____ a bear.
When Bei Bei was a few months old, the zoo held an official opening day for_____32_____ to come and see him.That morning I arrived early, making my way past the line that was _____33_____ forming at the entrance to the enclosure. I _____34_____ with a woman there who’d been making frequent trips to the zoo to see pandas since 1982, panda earring enthusiastically from her ears.“I’ll come every month,”she said, “It’s great to watch the baby panda _____35_____.”
21. A. brought in B. picked out C. took in D. put on
22 A. ground B. spot C. front D. cover
23. A. avoid B. keep C. delay D. prevent
24. A. trip B. year C. world D. country
25. A. driving B. breaking C. invading D. streaming
26. A. offered B. carried C. presented D. added
27. A. start B. pass C. leave D. return
28. A. common B. regular C. average D. temporary
29. A. routine B. treatment C. cause D. matter
30. A. friendly B. curious C. thoughtful D. brave
31. A. actually B. merely C. once D. never
32. A. journalists B. keepers C. public D. children
33. A. already B. constantly C. soon D. eventually
34. A. drove B. worked C. hurried D. chatted
35. A. feeling better B. growing up C. making friends D. playing inside
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分, 满分 15 分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容1 个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Woodblock printing first appeared in the early Tang period. During the Song dynasty, the technique of block printing was very advanced. Books were ____36____ (beautiful) printed.
Even today the books ____37____ (print) at the time are valuable and treasured by libraries and book collectors.
However, block printing ____38____ (be) not very convenient. Every two pages of a book had to be carved on a woodblock, and a big book would require many blocks. Besides, they had to be large places for storing the books.
____39____ (overcome)these shortcomings Bi Sheng invented the movable type during the years between 1041 and 1048. One word was carved on one piece of clay, ____40____ was harden with fire. Then clay characters were set on ____41____ iron plate according to the text of a book. Then ink was applied to them and ____42____(sheet) of paper spread over them, and the printing was over. Bi sheng’s invention made printing faster and ____43____ (easy) than before. Later, movable type of metal and wood was made and widely used.
The technique of printing was gradually known to other Asian countries and Europe.The great influence printing had ____44____ the advance is too clear to need any_____45_____ (explain).
第四部分 写作（共两节、满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Toby想了解你在暑假期间参加的“学农”社会实践活动，请你写一封信向Toby介绍，内容如下：
1. “学农”期间中，你印象最深的两个活动；
2. 总结你在“学农”实践活动中的心得体会。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
相关词汇：社会实践活动social practice；学农 farming course
Dear Toby,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.
The idea that I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against my own body and mind.
The night before my marathon, I had a nightmare that I couldn’t even cross the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous. My wife still encouraged me to prove something to myself. She is my biggest fan, who never minded the alarm clock at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.
It was winter but people from all walks of life crowed along the course, enjoying the marathon in their own ways. Without a cloud in the sky, the light took on a magical color. Shortly after embarking on the journey, my shoelaces became untied, so I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!
At mile 3, I passed a sign: “GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!”
By Mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly, for which I had prepared myself well in advance. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.
By mile 21, I was starving! The only thing I could do to strengthen my body was to take a few sips of water. I realized that I was left behind, but it didn’t matter a bit to me, because I kept telling myself that it was not a competition with other participants, but a test of will.
As I approached mile23, I couldn’t feel my feet anymore, feeling like floating in the air. However, what happened next second changed this ordinary day—immediately a vehicle lost its control and dived into the canal beside the course! The crowds just rushed to the bank and saw a woman behind the wheel in the sinking car.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I knew that there was no time to waste.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I was one of the final runners to finish, only with my wife waiting behind the line.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________永州市冷水滩区2022-2023学年高二上学期9月入学考试
英语试题 解析版
第一部分 听力(略)
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The Best Free Tourist Places in America
Alaska: Anchorage Market and Festival
Although Anchorage isn’t the capital of Alaska, it is the state’s largest city with the largest population. The Anchorage Market and Festival is open and free of charge on weekends. Anchorage is at the beginning of the Tony Knowles Coastal Trail, where walks can last between two hours and a half day.
It’s free, of course.
Arkansas : Walmart Museum
Lying in the northwest corner of Arkansas is Bentonville, which gave birth to a little mall you may have heard of. It’s Walmart, one of the biggest companies in the world at present. It is free to visit the Walmart Museum, which attracts thousands of visitors every year. And just outside the town is the well-known Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, which is also free.
Connecticut: Yale University
New Haven, Connecticut was the first place in the U.S. to offer pizza to the hungry and the homeless, including students of Yale University. While in New Haven you can go on a tour of the campus (校园), where many beautiful buildings have existed for a long time. It’s the university where President Bushes, Bill and Hillary Clinton, journalist Bob Woodward, and Samuel F. B. Morse studied.
Kansas: Santa Fe Trail
Western Kansas has very little light pollution. So as you travel along, stop once in a while and stare at the night sky. The Santa Fe Trail went through Kansas and you can still walk the longest remaining distance of the road just outside Dodge City.
1. What may especially attract visitors to Bentonville
A. The chance to find many interesting goods.
B. The chance to get trained in a large company.
C. The chance to get something free in Walmart.
D. The chance to get a good knowledge of Walmart.
2 What can people do in New Haven
A. Make pizza with students of Yale.
B. Appreciate old buildings.
C. Meet famous people.
D. Attend some free classes.
3. Which place is more attractive to those who enjoy the peaceful night sky
A. Kansas. B. Bentonville. C. Anchorage. D. New Haven.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了美国最好的免费旅游胜地的基本情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Arkansas : Walmart Museum部分的“It is free to visit the Walmart Museum, which attracts thousands of visitors every year.（沃尔玛博物馆是免费参观的，每年都会吸引成千上万的游客。）”可知，了解沃尔玛的机会可能会特别吸引游客到Bentonville。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Connecticut: Yale University部分“While in New Haven you can go on a tour of the campus (校园), where many beautiful buildings have existed for a long time.（而在纽黑文，你可以去参观校园，那里有许多美丽的建筑已经存在了很长时间。）”可知，在New Haven你可以欣赏古老的建筑。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Kansas: Santa Fe Trail部分的“Western Kansas has very little light pollution. So as you travel along, stop once in a while and stare at the night sky.（堪萨斯州西部几乎没有光污染。所以当你旅行的时候，偶尔停下来看看夜空。）”可知，Kansas对于那些喜欢宁静夜空的人来说，更有吸引力。故选A。
B
“Runners, on your mark. Get set...” Bang! And I was off, along with other teenage runners from high schools across the country. It was a fine day, like any other fair-weather autumn day in Maryland. But the race that day felt unique from the get-go. For one thing, I like the course. It was my team’s home course, one I was used to running during practices. It took runners along terrain(地形) that included open fields, hills and even dirt paths through a small forest. It was a beautiful 5-kilometer course. This particular race was our team’s invite, and I was proud to be sharing the course with competitors from other schools. It also meant a lot more than normal-that my parents were to cheer me on.
With so much to expect that day, I was ready to run! And I didn’t want to be stuck with other runners, as is typical at the beginning of most cross-country races. So when the gun sounded, I took off running, leaving everyone else in the dust.
The first of our course followed a large open field before disappearing into the forest. Within seconds of the start, I was far ahead of everyone, and all of the fans could see it. It felt magnificent!
But that feeling didn’t last long. Little did I know my coach was laughing to himself, thinking,“Gabe is done for!” And I was. My body was telling me to slow down. My pride, however, said“No! Not until you’re out of the audiences!”I was in pain, but I kept up my pace until I reached the forest. Once I was among the trees, I slowed my way down.
I enjoyed most races, even while pushing myself, but this one was not enjoyable in the least. I finished the race, but in nowhere near the time I could have if I’d paced myself well from the beginning. Every time I reflect on that cross-country season, I’m reminded of something:Pride is no substitute for pace.
4. What made the race unique to the author according to Paragraph 1
A. The blue sky and white clouds. B. The competitors and audiences.
C. The home course and his parents. D. The unknown terrain and fair weather.
5. What can be inferred from Paragraph 4
A. The coach thought the author was going to fail the race.
B. The coach thought the author would probably be prized.
C. The coach thought the author was doing a great job.
D. The coach thought the author needed to pace up.
6. Why didn’t the author enjoy the race
A. Because he slowed his way down.
B. Because he didn’t finished the race.
C. Because he lost the game completely.
D. Because he could have done better.
7 Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. The Race Less Paced B. The Meaning of Pride
C. A Race worth Celebrating D. A Competition of My Team
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了本来自信满满的作者在自己的主场因赛跑节奏控制的不好而败北。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第四五六句“But the race that day felt unique from the get-go. For one thing, I like the course. It was my team’s home course, one I was used to running during practices. (但那天的比赛从一开始就感觉与众不同。一方面，我喜欢这个比赛。这是我的队的主方赛场，一个我在训练中已经跑习惯了的场地。)”和最后一句“It also meant a lot more than normal-that my parents were to cheer me on.(这也比平常更有意义——我的父母来给我加油。)”可知，这次比赛对作者独特的原因是两个：他的主场，父母的加油。故选C项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“Little did I know my coach was laughing to himself, thinking,“Gabe is done for!” (我根本不知道我的教练在暗自苦笑，心想：“盖比完蛋了!”)”可知，教练认为作者会在比赛中失败。故选A项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“I finished the race, but in nowhere near the time I could have if I’d paced myself well from the beginning. (我完成了比赛，但如果我从一开始就控制好自己的节奏，时间快结束时，我没一定会在哪。)”可知，作者不喜欢这场比赛的原因是他遗憾没能做的更好。故选D项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段第一二句“I enjoyed most races, even while pushing myself, but this one was not enjoyable in the least. I finished the race, but in nowhere near the time I could have if I’d paced myself well from the beginning. (即使是在逼迫自己的时候，我也喜欢大多数比赛，但这次比赛一点也不享受。 我完成了比赛，但如果我从一开始就控制好自己的节奏，时间快结束时，我没一定会在哪。)”可知本文讲的是本来自信满满的作者因为没有控制好赛跑节奏而败北。故选A项。
C
Preparing Cities for Robot Cars
The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way panies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.
While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.
Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services.
A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.
Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.
8. According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can __________.
A. help deal with transportation-related problems
B. provide better services to customers
C. cause damage to our environment
D. make some people lose jobs
9. As for driverless cars, what is the author’s major concern
A. Safety. B. Side effects.
C. Affordability. D. Management.
10. What does the underlined word ＂fielded＂ in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Employed. B. Replaced.
C. Shared. D. Reduced.
11. What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars
A. Doubtful. B. Positive.
C. Disapproving. D. Sympathetic.
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【分析】本文为议论文。文章主要讨论有关无人驾驶汽车的发展前景和面临的问题。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options.可知，政策制定者应该讨论无人驾驶车怎么帮助削减交通阻塞，减少尾气排放，提供更方便、更便宜的出行选择，由此可见人们应该多关注无人驾驶车怎么帮助处理与交通有关的问题。故选A。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.可知，不管花多长时间，这项技术都有可能改变我们的交通系统和我们的城市，不管是好是坏，这取决于如何这种转变如何被规范，再根据文章最后一句话The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.可知，我们需要为其做好计划，故作者的主要关注点是对这种转变的管理规范，故选D。
【10题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第四段The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题).可知，鉴于自主驾驶的费用以及责任和维护问题，无人驾驶车几乎可以肯定将会被打车服务使用。故划线词是“被应用”的意思。A. Employed被应用；B. Replaced被取代；C. Shared被分享；D. Reduced被减少。故选A。
【11题详解】
观点态度题。根据文章最后一段The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.中的 advancement，move more people, and more affordably.以及plan for it可推知，作者是积极的态度。故选B。
点睛：根据用词风格，推断情感态度。一篇好的文章，其用词风格常常直接流露或蕴含作者的内心世界和情感态度。所以阅读时要善于捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词句或短语，捕捉那些烘托气氛，渲染情感的词句，进而很好地洞察作者的思想倾向，是支持、反对抑或中立？对于选项而言，要分清选项中的褒义词、中性词和贬义词，以此对照全文。
如本题最后一题为观点态度题，根据文中reduce carbon emissions，cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% ，appealing，comfortable，advancement，move more people, and more affordably.，等词汇可以推断出作者对无人驾驶汽车持积极态度。故选B。
D
American and Canadian ocean scientists are taking an unexpected opportunity presented by the coronavirus pandemic. They are trying to discover whether Pacific Northwest whales benefit from the drop in boat traffic and underwater noise.
Stay-home laws have greatly reduced entertaining boat trips and ferry crossings this mercial whale watching tours remain on hold. Large ships carrying goods continue to come and go less often. Noise and boat disturbance are considered main reasons for the decrease of the Northwest’s endangered killer whales besides reducing food supply and pollution.
“From a killer whale’s point of view, not having fast moving boats around might be quite beneficial,” said oceanographer Scott Veirs of Seattle, who is in charge of an underwater microphone network called Oreasound.
However, the decrease in sea traffic by the coronavirus pandemic may be short-lived, meaning archers have to act fast to document if the quieter seas make happier, healthier whales.
“We are all trying to remain ready,” Veirs said. “If the pandemic continues to affect boat traffic for the next couple of months, we’ll have a very rare activity when noise levels are reduced. I hope that happens, opportunity to observe killer whale activity when noise levels are reduced. I hope that happens.”
The population of killer whales in the water of the U.S. Pacific Northwest and southwestern British Columbia has reduced to around 73. They use sound to hunt, locate and communicate, but noise from boat engines can affect the sound waves they make for echolocation (同声定位). Other larger whales that live Northwest waters communicate over longer distances in a frequency band (波段) that is almost the same with the low frequency noise made by large container ships.
Veirs believes if we continue to not have any commercial whale watching and limit our entertaining boating, the killer whales would certainly experience less of noise disturbance from the boats.
12. What do killer whales benefit from the coronavirus pandemic
A. Reduced noise and boat disturbance.
B. More whale watching tourists.
C. Stricter laws on ocean pollution.
D. Increased food supply.
13 What is the concern of Scott Veirs
A. The echolocation function of whales is damaged.
B. The ocean traffic may increase before long.
C. The frequency band whales use is similar to boats.
D. The population of killer whales drops too quickly.
14. What is Paragraph 6 mainly about
A. The population of killer whales.
B. Why noise from boats affects the life of whales.
C. How killer whales use sound waves.
D. The frequency band killer whales use.
15. Where does the passage come from
A. A travel diary. B. A brochure.
C. Science fiction. D. A science report.
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. B 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，冠状病毒流行病导致游船和渡轮活动减少，水下噪音减低，这对鲸鱼的生存环境有益。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段内容“Stay-home laws have greatly reduced entertaining boat trips and ferry crossings this mercial whale watching tours remain on hold. Large ships carrying goods continue to come and go less often. Noise and boat disturbance are considered main reasons for the decrease of the Northwest’s endangered killer whales besides reducing food supply and pollution.”（今年春天，居家的法律大大减少了游船和渡轮的娱乐活动。商业观鲸旅游仍被搁置。运载货物的大型船只继续减少往来。除了减少食物供应和污染外，噪音和船只干扰被认为是西北部濒危虎鲸数量减少的主要原因。）可知，因为冠状病毒流行病，国家颁布了居家的法律，减少了游船和渡轮的娱乐活动，进而减少了噪音和船只干扰，而噪音和船只干扰是导致虎鲸数量减少的主要原因，由此可知，虎鲸从冠状病毒流行病中受益，因为冠状病毒流行病减少了噪音和船只干扰。故选A项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段内容“However, the decrease in sea traffic by the coronavirus pandemic may be short-lived, meaning archers have to act fast to document if the quieter seas make happier, healthier whales.”（然而，冠状病毒流行病导致的海上交通量减少可能是短暂的，这意味着研究者必须迅速行动，记录更平静的海洋是否会让鲸鱼更快乐、更健康。）可知，Scott Veirs认为冠状病毒流行病导致的海上交通量减少可能是短暂的，由此可推断出，Scott Veirs担心不久以后，海上交通可能会增加。故选B项。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第六段关键句“They use sound to hunt, locate and communicate, but noise from boat engines can affect the sound waves they make for echolocation (同声定位). Other larger whales that live Northwest waters communicate over longer distances in a frequency band (波段) that is almost the same with the low frequency noise made by large container ships.”（它们利用声音进行搜寻、定位和通信，但船引擎发出的噪音会影响它们为同声定位而产生的声波。生活在西北水域的其他大型鲸鱼在一个频带内进行远距离通信，该频带与大型集装箱船发出的低频噪声几乎相同。）可知，本段内容主要介绍了为什么船上的噪音会影响鲸鱼的生活，因为鲸鱼利用声音进行搜寻、定位和通信，但船引擎发出的噪音会影响它们为同声定位而产生的声波，由此可知，第六段内容主要介绍了为什么船上的噪音会影响鲸鱼的生活。故选B项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段内容“American and Canadian ocean scientists are taking an unexpected opportunity presented by the coronavirus pandemic. They are trying to discover whether Pacific Northwest whales benefit from the drop in boat traffic and underwater noise.”（美国和加拿大海洋科学家正在利用冠状病毒流行病带来的意外机会。他们正试图发现太平洋西北部的鲸鱼是否受益于船运的减少和水下噪音的下降。）可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，冠状病毒流行病导致游船和渡轮活动减少，水下噪音减低，这对鲸鱼的生存环境有益，由此可知，这篇文章应该出自一份科学报告。故选D项。
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The first World Friendship Day was proposed for July 30, 1958 by the World Friendship Crusade, an international civil organization to foster a culture of peace through friendship. ___16___ Just as in the US and several other countries, the festival has been greatly commercialized（商业化）.
Days before the festival, card and gift companies launch a large campaign(活动) to attract people into buying cards and gifts for their friends. Streets and stores are filled with advertising programs aimed at young people. ___17___ This marketing strategy(策略) has been severely criticized(批判) by many people. Many feel that such crazy commercialization has damaged the meaning of Friendship Day.
___18___ especially the pink and yellow ones. The day is observed with great pleasure and merry. A highly popular thing connected with the day is the well-known friendship band—the modern day symbol of friendship that friends give to one another to form an everlasting bond. Friendship bands are the favorite items for youngsters and available in stores all over the country. Friendship poems and Friendship Day gifts are exchanged between best friends to renew the bond of friendship and express gratitude and love for each other. ___19___
Since its beginning in 1935, Friendship Day celebrations have come a long way. ___20___ Friendship Day remains the time when you acknowledge your friends’ contribution in your life, express love for them, cherish their presence in your life and pay them a salute. Today, Friendship Day is being celebrated around the globe, across diverse cultures and social periods.
A. The popular customs of Friendship Day include handing over roses,
B. The idea of honoring friendship was adopted by a few countries in Asia.
C. Restaurants offer special discounts to make the most of the time as well.
D. These days, however, it is celebrated with a lot of showing off and expenses.
E. These are new ways of celebration of this day that have grown in popularity.
F. The original idea for a day of friendship came from Hallmark cards in the 1930s.
G. But however much the ways of celebration have changed, the basic idea behind the occasion remains the same.
【答案】16. D 17. C 18. A 19. E 20. G
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。今天，世界各地不同文化和社会时期的人们都在庆祝友谊日。文章介绍了的世界友谊日的来历及发展。
【16题详解】
根据下文Just as in the US and several other countries, the festival has been greatly commercialized（商业化）.（就像在美国和其他几个国家一样，这个节日已经被极大地商业化了）可知，现在世界友谊日被极大地商业化了。由此可知，D项These days, however, it is celebrated with a lot of showing off and expenses.（然而，如今人们用大量排场和花费来庆祝这个节日）符合语境。故选D。
【17题详解】
根据上文Streets and stores are filled with advertising programs aimed at young people.（街道和商店里到处都是针对年轻人的广告节目）可知，此处列举各种营销策略。由此可知，C项Restaurants offer special discounts to make the most of the time as well.（餐馆也提供特别的折扣来让年轻充分利用时间来消费）符合语境。as well“也”是解题的关键。故选C。
【18题详解】
根据下文especially the pink and yellow ones（尤其是粉红色和黄色的）以及此处是半句，选项中只有A项不是完整句子，可以补全这个句子。由此可知，A项The popular customs of Friendship Day include handing over roses,（友谊日的流行习俗包括送玫瑰）符合语境。故选A。
【19题详解】
根据上文Friendship bands are the favorite items for youngsters and available in stores all over the country. Friendship poems and Friendship Day gifts are exchanged between best friends to renew the bond of friendship and express gratitude and love for each other.（友谊带是年轻人的最爱，在全国各地的商店都能买到。友谊诗和友谊节礼物是最好的朋友之间交换，以更新友谊的纽带，表达感谢和爱对方）可知，此处在介绍一些庆祝友谊日的新方式。由此可知，E项These are new ways of celebration of this day that have grown in popularity.（这些都是庆祝这一天的新方式，而且越来越受欢迎）符合语境。故选E。
【20题详解】
根据上文Since its beginning in 1935, Friendship Day celebrations have come a long way.（从1935年开始，友谊日的庆祝活动已经走过了很长的路）及下文Friendship Day remains the time when you acknowledge your friends’ contribution in your life, express love for them, cherish their presence in your life and pay them a salute.（在友谊日，你要感谢朋友对你生活的贡献，表达你对他们的爱，珍惜他们在你生活中的存在，向他们敬礼）可知，G项But however much the ways of celebration have changed, the basic idea behind the occasion remains the same.（但是，不管庆祝的方式发生了多大的变化，这个节日背后的基本思想是不变的）符合语境。故选G。
【点睛】七选五题型主要考查上下文的理解与推断，虽然文章整体难度一般低于阅读理解，但是却给很多同学造成了很大的心理障碍。七个选项中选五个，比四个选项中选一个，感觉干扰性更大，很大同学在做这个题目时，总有一种眼花缭乱、心烦气躁的感觉，致使往往正确率不高。在这里提醒同学们，首先要克服心理障碍，同时要注意方式方法。其次，注意设空前后的句子，因为这些句子之间是顺承和联系的，所有一定要联系和理解上下文的语境。例如第3小题，根据下文especially the pink and yellow ones（尤其是粉红色和黄色的）以及此处是半句，选项中只有A项不是完整句子，可以补全这个句子。由此可知，A项The popular customs of Friendship Day include handing over roses,（友谊日的流行习俗包括送玫瑰）符合文意。故选A。
第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分）
第一节 完形填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1分，满分15 分）
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In almost every photo from our 1986 family vacation to Washington D.C.,I am showing off the souvenir I ____21____ from the gift shop at the Smithsonian’s National Zoo- a cotton sweatshirt with pandas dancing on the ____22____. I was nine years old, and pandas were cool. Not even midsummer heat could ____23____me keeping that sweatshirt on throughout the ____24____ .
Over 30 years later I found myself among a pool of photojournalists and video crews ____25____ into the panda enclosure(围场). A baby panda named Bei Bei was being ____26____ to the world, and I was covering it for National Geographic. I asked zoo administrators if I could ____27____ periodically to document the first year of the panda’s life. They said yes.
Soon I was making ____28____ stops at the zoo to record the baby’s daily ____29____. I watched Bei Bei grow from a baby to a _____30_____,energetic youth. He played with the keepers, looking around the corner from one room to the next in his version of hide-and- seek, he’d lunge(猛冲) for my camera, reminding me that he was _____31_____ a bear.
When Bei Bei was a few months old, the zoo held an official opening day for_____32_____ to come and see him.That morning I arrived early, making my way past the line that was _____33_____ forming at the entrance to the enclosure. I _____34_____ with a woman there who’d been making frequent trips to the zoo to see pandas since 1982, panda earring enthusiastically from her ears.“I’ll come every month,”she said, “It’s great to watch the baby panda _____35_____.”
21. A. brought in B. picked out C. took in D. put on
22. A. ground B. spot C. front D. cover
23. A. avoid B. keep C. delay D. prevent
24. A. trip B. year C. world D. country
25. A. driving B. breaking C. invading D. streaming
26. A. offered B. carried C. presented D. added
27. A. start B. pass C. leave D. return
28. A. common B. regular C. average D. temporary
29. A. routine B. treatment C. cause D. matter
30. A. friendly B. curious C. thoughtful D. brave
31. A. actually B. merely C. once D. never
32. A. journalists B. keepers C. public D. children
33. A. already B. constantly C. soon D. eventually
34. A. drove B. worked C. hurried D. chatted
35. A. feeling better B. growing up C. making friends D. playing inside
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了作者记录熊猫宝宝成长的故事。
【21题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在1986年我们全家去华盛顿度假的几乎每一张照片中，我都在炫耀自己从史密森尼国家动物园礼品店挑选的纪念品——一件棉质运动衫，正面印着跳舞的熊猫。A. brought in引进；B. picked out 挑选出；C. took in吸收，欺骗；D. put on穿上 。根据下文“from the gift shop”可知，空处指我从史密森尼国家动物园礼品店挑选的纪念品。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在1986年我们全家去华盛顿度假的几乎每一张照片中，我都在炫耀自己从史密森尼国家动物园礼品店挑选的纪念品——一件棉质运动衫，正面印着跳舞的熊猫。A. ground地面；B. spot地点；C. front正面；D. cover封面。根据常识可知，衣服上的标志一般是印在正面或者背面。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使是盛夏的酷暑也无法阻止我在整个旅行中都穿着那件运动衫。A. avoid避免；B. keep保持；C. delay延期；D. prevent阻止。根据上文“I was nine years old, and pandas were cool.”可知，即使是盛夏的酷暑也无法阻止我在整个旅行中都穿着那件运动衫。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使是盛夏的酷暑也无法阻止我在整个旅行中都穿着那件运动衫。A. trip旅行；B. year年；C. world世界；D. country国家。根据上文“from our 1986 family vacation to Washington D.C”可知，即使是盛夏的酷暑也无法阻止我在整个旅行中都穿着那件运动衫。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：30多年后，我发现自己置身于一群摄影记者和摄制组中，他们涌入熊猫的围场。A. driving开车；B. breaking打破；C. invading侵略；D. streaming流动。根据下文“into the panda enclosure”可知，他们涌入熊猫的围场。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一只名叫贝贝的熊猫宝宝被展示给世界，而我正在为《国家地理》杂志报道这件事。A. offered提供；B. carried携带；C. presented呈现，展示；D. added增加。根据上文“a pool of photojournalists”以及“to the world”可知，一只名叫贝贝的熊猫宝宝被展示给世界。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我问动物园管理人员，我是否可以定期回来记录熊猫第一年的生活。A. start开始；B. pass通过；C. leave离开；D. return返回。根据下文“Soon I was making ____8____ stops at the zoo to record the baby’s daily ____9____ .”可知，我问动物园管理人员，我是否可以定期回来记录熊猫第一年的生活。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很快，我就定期在动物园停留，记录宝宝的日常生活。A. common共同的；B. regular常规的；C. average平均的； D. temporary暂时的。根据上文“periodically”可知，我就定期在动物园停留。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：很快，我就定期在动物园停留，记录宝宝的日常生活。A. routine常规，日常生活；B. treatment治疗；C. cause原因；D. matter物质。根据常识可知，记录的是熊猫的日常生活。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我看着贝贝从一个婴儿成长为一个充满好奇和活力的年轻熊猫。A. friendly友好的；B. curious好奇的；C. thoughtful深思熟虑的；D. brave勇敢的。根据下文“energetic youth”可知，我看着贝贝从一个婴儿成长为一个充满好奇和活力的年轻熊猫。故选B项。
31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他和饲养员一起玩耍，在他的捉迷藏版本中从一个房间转到另一个房间，他会扑向我的相机，提醒我他实际上是一只熊。A. actually事实上；B. merely仅仅；C. once 曾经D. never决不。根据“he’d lunge(猛冲) for my camera”可知，他会扑向我的相机，提醒我他实际上是一只熊。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当贝贝几个月大的时候，动物园举行了一个正式的开放日，让公众前来参观。 A. journalists记者；B. keepers保管人；C. public公众； D. children孩子。根据下文“to come and see him”可知，动物园举行了一个正式的开放日，让公众前来参观。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：那天早上，我很早就到了，穿过围栏入口处已经形成的队伍。A. already已经；B. constantly一直；C. soon一会儿；D. eventually最终。根据上文“When Bei Bei was a few months old, the zoo held an official opening day for ____12____ to come and see him.”可知，当贝贝几个月大的时候，动物园举行了一个正式的开放日，让公众前来参观，所以围栏入口处已经形成了参观的队伍。故选A项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我和那里的一位女士聊天，她从1982年开始就经常去动物园看熊猫，耳朵上戴着熊猫耳环，热情洋溢。A. drove开车；B. worked工作；C. hurried赶快；D. chatted聊天。根据下文“she said”可知，我和那里的一位女士聊天。故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：看着熊猫宝宝长大真是太棒了。A. feeling better感觉良好；B. growing up长大；C. making friends交朋友；D. playing inside在里面玩耍。根据上文“I’ll come every month”可知，故选B项。
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分, 满分 15 分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容1 个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Woodblock printing first appeared in the early Tang period. During the Song dynasty, the technique of block printing was very advanced. Books were ____36____ (beautiful) printed.
Even today the books ____37____ (print) at the time are valuable and treasured by libraries and book collectors.
However, block printing ____38____ (be) not very convenient. Every two pages of a book had to be carved on a woodblock, and a big book would require many blocks. Besides, they had to be large places for storing the books.
____39____ (overcome)these shortcomings, Bi Sheng invented the movable type during the years between 1041 and 1048. One word was carved on one piece of clay, ____40____ was harden with fire. Then clay characters were set on ____41____ iron plate according to the text of a book. Then ink was applied to them and ____42____(sheet) of paper spread over them, and the printing was over. Bi sheng’s invention made printing faster and ____43____ (easy) than before. Later, movable type of metal and wood was made and widely used.
The technique of printing was gradually known to other Asian countries and Europe.The great influence printing had ____44____ the advance is too clear to need any_____45_____ (explain).
【答案】36. beautifully
37. printed
38. was 39. To overcome
40. which 41. an
42. sheets 43. easier
44. on##upon
45. explanation
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了木版印刷术和活字印刷术的相关信息。
【36题详解】
考查副词。句意：书印刷得很漂亮。副词beautifully修饰动词printed。故填beautifully。
【37题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：即使在今天，当时印刷的书籍仍然是宝贵的，被图书馆和书籍收藏家珍藏。空处为非谓语动词，the books与print在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填printed。
【38题详解】
考查时态。句意：然而，木版印刷不是很方便。空处描述过去发生的事情，所以本句为一般过去时，句子为主系表结构。故填was。
【39题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：为了克服这些缺点，毕升在1041年至1048年间发明了活字印刷术。动词不定式作目的状语，置于句首，首字母大写。故填To overcome。
【40题详解】
考查非限制性定语从句。句意：为了克服这些缺点，毕升在1041年至1048年间发明了活字印刷术。空出引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为one piece of clay，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
【41题详解】
考查冠词。句意：然后，根据一本书的文本，在一块铁板上设置粘土字符。plate为可数名词，泛指“一块铁板 ”,iron首字母的发音为元音音素。故填an。
【42题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：然后把墨水涂在上面，再铺上几张纸，就完成了印刷。Sheet为可数名词，泛指几张纸，用复数sheets。故填sheets。
【43题详解】
考查比较级。句意：毕升的发明使印刷比以前更快更容易。根据“than”可知，空处用形容词比较级。故填easier。
【44题详解】
考查介词。句意：印刷术对进步的巨大影响是不言而喻的。本句为短语have an influence on/upon…“对……有影响”。故填on/upon。
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意：印刷术对进步的巨大影响是不言而喻的。need后接名词explanation作宾语。不可数名词。故填explanation。
第四部分 写作（共两节、满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Toby想了解你在暑假期间参加的“学农”社会实践活动，请你写一封信向Toby介绍，内容如下：
1. “学农”期间中，你印象最深的两个活动；
2. 总结你在“学农”实践活动中的心得体会。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
相关词汇：社会实践活动social practice；学农 farming course
Dear Toby,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Toby,
Thanks for your concern. I’m glad to tell you something about the farming course.
During the summer holiday, I took part in a social practice aimed at making us learn more knowledge of agriculture and getting close to nature. Firstly, agricultural professors taught us useful knowledge about planting skills, vegetable growth process and so on. One of the most unforgettable parts is that we were allowed to help water the plants. Besides, we helped the farmers pick apples, which made us feel the joy of harvest.
I realize the importance of growing green food. Though tired and hot, all of us have gained a lot.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Toby写一封信，向他介绍你在暑假期间参加的“学农”社会实践活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad→happy
参加：take part in→participate in
首先：firstly→first of all
此外：besides→what’s more
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：During the summer holiday, I took part in a social practice aimed at making us learn more knowledge of agriculture and getting close to nature.
拓展句：During the summer holiday, I took part in a social practice whose aim is to make us learn more knowledge of agriculture and get close to nature.
【点睛】【高分句型1】One of the most unforgettable parts is that we were allowed to help water the plants.（运用了that引导的表语从句）
【高分句型2】Besides, we helped the farmers pick apples, which made us feel the joy of harvest.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.
The idea that I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against my own body and mind.
The night before my marathon, I had a nightmare that I couldn’t even cross the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous. My wife still encouraged me to prove something to myself. She is my biggest fan, who never minded the alarm clock at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.
It was winter but people from all walks of life crowed along the course, enjoying the marathon in their own ways. Without a cloud in the sky, the light took on a magical color. Shortly after embarking on the journey, my shoelaces became untied, so I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!
At mile 3, I passed a sign: “GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!”
By Mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly, for which I had prepared myself well in advance. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.
By mile 21, I was starving! The only thing I could do to strengthen my body was to take a few sips of water. I realized that I was left behind, but it didn’t matter a bit to me, because I kept telling myself that it was not a competition with other participants, but a test of will.
As I approached mile23, I couldn’t feel my feet anymore, feeling like floating in the air. However, what happened next second changed this ordinary day—immediately a vehicle lost its control and dived into the canal beside the course! The crowds just rushed to the bank and saw a woman behind the wheel in the sinking car.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I knew that there was no time to waste.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I was one of the final runners to finish, only with my wife waiting behind the line.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 I knew that there was no time to waste. But I should go to save the woman first. I jumped into the canal, enduring a sharp pain in my ankle. I swam up to the window and confirmed that the woman was unconscious. By then, the car was close to being fully submerged. I climbed inside to free her. I lifted her out of her seat and pulled her through the driver’s side window. Just as the car’s entire front was underwater, I saved the woman to the shore. Fortunately, she was still alive.
I was one of the final runners to finish, only with my wife waiting behind the line. But I finished! And I got a medal. I felt tired but happy. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had. More importantly, I am the winner in my life, because my kindness saved a person’s life. Making a firm decision, moving forward, free of shame and worldly labels, I can now call myself a “marathon winner”.
【解析】
【导语】本文讲述了作者一直认为自己是一个不擅长运动的人，在他参加的第一次马拉松比赛的前一个月，他的一只脚踝受伤了，但他仍然决定继续参赛。虽然很焦虑，但妻子的支持和鼓励安慰了他。比赛过程很辛苦，但作者依旧坚持，突然，意外发生了，一辆失控的汽车掉进了赛道旁的运河里，一个女人坐在下沉汽车的方向盘的后面。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我知道没有时间浪费了。”可知，第一段可描写作者决定去救那个女人以及救援的过程。
②由第二段首句内容“我是最后跑完全程的人之一，只有我妻子在场地线后面等我。”可知，第二段可描写作者跑完全程后的内心活动和感悟。
2.续写线索：决定援救女人——救援过程——救援成功——跑完全程——感到开心——作者的感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.救援：save/rescue
②.忍受：endure/bear
③.前进：move forward/forge ahead
情绪类
①.幸运地：fortunately/luckily
②.高兴的：happy/glad
【点睛】[高分句型1]. I swam up to the window and confirmed that the woman was unconscious.（由that引导的宾语从句作confirmed的宾语）
[高分句型2]. More importantly, I am the winner in my life, because my kindness saved a person’s life.（由because引导的原因状语从句）

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