资源简介

Unit 2
Section B Using Language
教学设计
科目：英语 课题：Section B Using Language 课时：1课时
教学目标与核心素养：
知识目标：学生理解并掌握过去完成时被动语态的用法
能力目标：学生能够熟练运用所学语法完成练习
情感目标：培养学生学习语法的兴趣
教学重难点
教学重点：能够熟练运用过去完成时被动语态的用法
教学难点：培养学生学习语法的兴趣
课前准备：多媒体，黑板，粉笔
教学过程：
一、Pre-class
1. Greeting
学生活动：完成活动1。Look at the sentences and answer the questions. Sentence (a) is from the reading passage.
a At the start of the detox, over 100 students had been persuaded to stop using social media, in ANY form, for seven days.
b At the start of the detox, people had persuaded over 100 students to stop using social media, in ANY form, for seven days.
1 Were the students in sentence (a) persuaded before the detox started, or afterwards
2 What is the difference between sentences (a) and (b)
3 Why does the author choose to use a passive form instead of an active form
Suggested answers:
The students were persuaded before the detox started.
They differ in voice. The passive voice is used in sentence (a), while the active voice is used in sentence (b).
Maybe the author doesn't know who had persuaded students to stop using social media, or it is unnecessary to say who the persuaders were.
Now look for more sentences with the past perfect passive in the reading passage, and summarise its use in your own words.
过去完成时的被动语态
过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前发生的动作或存在的状态。当句子的主语为谓语动词动作的承受者，并且该动作发生在过去的某一时刻或某一动作之前时，谓语动词应用过去完成时的被动语态。
构成
肯定结构：主语+had been done+其他成分
否定结构：主语+had not been done+其他成分
疑问句结构：Had+主语+been done+其他成分
By the time the teacher came in, the first experiment had been done.
老师进来的时候，第一个实验已经完成了。
The classroom hadn't been cleaned before the teacher came. 老师来之前教室还没有打扫。
Had the new plan been discussed before the meeting started 会议开始前讨论过这个新计划吗？
过去完成时被动语态的用法
（1）在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句中,表示从句中的动作已被做完，用过去完成时的被动语态。
They said the production costs had been reduced.他们说生产成本已经降低了。
（2）当by the time, before, until, when等引导的时间状语从句的谓语是一般过去时，或在by和before后接表示过去的时间，且主句谓语表示的动作在过去某一时间以前已经被完成，用过去完成时的被动语态。
By the time he got to the school, the first period had been finished.
他到学校时，第一节课已经结束了。
How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended
腿风结束时有多少建筑物被毁？
（3）在“It was the first/second/...time that从句”句型中，当从句主语为动作的承受者时，从句用过去完成时的被动语态，表示“……第几次被……”。
It was the first time that he had ever been awarded.这是他第一次获奖。
（4）在虚拟条件句中，表示与过去事实相反，当主语是动作的承受者时，用过去完成时的被动语态。
If the AI robot had been invented earlier, the production efficiency would have been improved.如果早一点发明人工智能机器人，生产效率就会提高。
（5）在“Hardly/Scarcely had… when…”和“No sooner had…than…”句型中，当主句主语是动作的承受者时，主句用过去完成时的被动语态，表示“一……就……”。
Hardly had the front door been opened when we could smell the gas.
前门一被打开，我们就闻到了煤气的味道。
While-class
学生活动：学生完成活动2。
Complete Jack's blog post with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Before I turned over a new leaf, I had always been a very lazy student. I was careless about handing in my homework, and none of my assignment deadlines 1________ (meet). Indeed, I would deliberately "lose" my homework in my incredibly messy room, so that I could put off 2 _________ (do) it! My parents soon worked out this trick, though, and one day I came home to find that my room 3 ________ (clean), and my homework 4 ______ (put) right in the centre of a spotlessly clean desk! A present 5 _____ (leave) on the desk, too (I think Mum did that): a book called The Art of Procrastination.
The author, John Perry, said that procrastination was about 6 ________ (avoid) the hardest and most important tasks. So, 7 _______ (make) sure you do your homework, put it second or third on your to-do list, not at the top. Then put one or two really hard things you don't want to do at the top of the list. You will procrastinate to avoid the hard stuff – by doing your homework!
Suggested answers: ①had been met ②doing ③had been cleaned ④had been put ⑤had been left ⑥avoiding
⑦to make
学生活动：学生完成活动3。Work in pairs. Describe the pictures using the past perfect passive.
Jack started the habit of cleaning his room last week.
This is what his room looked like yesterday morning. But two weeks ago, Jack's room was like this...
Suggested answer:
Jack started the habit of cleaning his room last week.
This is what his room looked like yesterday morning. (The floor was clean. The sheet was laid flat on the bed. All the books and clothes were placed neatly and tidily. The pictures on the wall were straight.) But two weeks ago, Jack's room had been an awful mess. His clothes had been thrown everywhere; the pictures had not been hung straight; and all the drawers had been opened. It had been a very disorderly sort of room, with books and papers lying around everywhere.
三、After-class
学生活动：学生完成活动4。Work in pairs. Talk about what had happened before you started a new habit of your own. Use the past perfect passive where appropriate.
四、Summary
老师根据课堂内容，总结课上所学语法。
五、完成本节课的课后练习。
2

展开更多......

收起↑