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(共28张PPT)
Using Language Ⅱ
Unit 1 Science and Scientists
The father of China's aerospace - Qian Xuesen
— “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles ”
— “Why not We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make.”
A World of Pure Thought
Although I cannot move and I have to speak through a computer, in my mind I am free.
— Stephen Hawking
Look at the pictures of two great scientists.
Their great scientific achievements have changed the world.
What contributions did they make
1. Qian changed his major because of a shift in
personal interest. T F
2. Qian's strong interest in art has a positive impact
on a scientist' s development. T F
3. When Hawking was young, almost everyone
believed that the universe began with a big bang.
T F
4. Because Hawking was determined, he was able to
succeed even though he was ill. T F
Read the statements below and predict if they are true (T) or false (F).
Pre-reading
Read the texts and check if your answers are correct.
While-reading
Now check the answers.
1. Qian changed his major because of a shift in
personal interest.
2. Qian's strong interest in art has a positive impact
on a scientist' s development.
3. When Hawking was young, almost everyone
believed that the universe began with a big bang.
4. Because Hawking was determined, he was able to
succeed even though he was ill.
F
F
T
T
Qian changed his major because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.
not everyone
Read & Locate
Paragraph 1
Paragraphs 2-5
Paragraph 6
Paragraph 7
Introduction
His personal history and accomplishments
His personality
His death and people's appreciation of him
In the order of time
The father of China's aerospace
Read & Locate
A World of Pure Thought
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 3
Introduction
His claim to fame
Characteristics that made him great
Read for details
The father of China's aerospace
Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion, Qian was an extremely well-respected man.
Para.1: Introduction
Why was Qian called "the father of China's aerospace"
How
Born in Hangzhou in 1911, Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering. However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country. Qian went to the United States in 1935 to pursue his graduate studies. Over the course of the 1930s and 1940s, Qian became a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology. As a graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s, Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion, and in the 1940s, he and several other people founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, now one of NASA’s leading spaceexploration centres.
After overcoming some difficulties during his final few years in the US, Qian returned to China in 1955. He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme. At that time, China was poor and its rocket science was undeveloped. No institute or university in China offered rocket science as a major, and there were no talents or experts in this field in China. Nevertheless, Qian did not let that discourage him from taking on the challenge. When asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles ”, his reply was a determined “Why not We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make.” Under Qian’s leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles, followed by the first generation of Long March rockets. In 1970, China successfully launched its first man-made satellite, Dong Fang Hong I, from a Long March rocket. Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can also be traced back to Qian’s research, Qian earned the name of “the father of China’s aerospace.”
patriotic
knowledgeable
determined
linking words and phrases
Para.2-5: His personal history and accomplishments
accomplishments
Try to summarize Qian’s personal history with your own words.
Qian read a lot and was extremely knowledgeable, especially in the area of frontier science research. However, what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing. His deep appreciation for art often gave him inspiration in his scientific research.
Para.6: His personality
a linking word
a wide range of habits
Para.7: His death and people's appreciation of him
The whole country was saddened by Qian’s death in 2009, and people honoured and remembered him in different ways.
Read for details
A World of Pure Thought
Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in physics. Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair, unable to move and using a computer to talk. Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles, his world became one of abstract thought.
Para.1: Introduction
What did he face
Hawking’s sitiation
Para.2: His claim to fame
Hawking first achieved fame when he was still healthy enough to walk, as a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 1964. In general, there were two main theories on the origin of the universe. The first was the steady state theory, which holds that the universe has no beginning or end. The other was the big bang theory, which holds that the universe began at a single point in time and space. The biggest champion of the steady state concept was Fred Hoyle, a professor at Cambridge. During the question and answer period after one of Hoyle’s lectures, Hawking stood up and pointed out that Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths. Once the maths was corrected, it showed that the big bang theory—and not the steady state theory— was true. Hawking’s own work on the big bang theory was soon proven by astronomers with telescopes. A star was born.
How was Hawking's own theory proven correct
a linking word
His claim to fame--brave
Para.3: Characteristics that made him great
So, what made Stephen Hawking a genius Besides being brilliant, he was brave, though sometimes careless in what he said or did. He was willing to say what others were afraid to say, and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about. Furthermore, he was quite determined. This had help him as a scientist, and had helped him even more in his fight against his disease. Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults. This odd combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries.
linking words and phrases
Characteristics that made him great
Try to summarize the words that describe the personalities of the scientists.
Qian Xuesen
patriotic
scientific
spirit
determined
deep appreciation
for art
pioneer
creative
outstanding
knowledg-eable
Stephen Hawking
brilliant
have big dream
sometimes careless
willing to say what others were afraid to say
willing to admit his faults
determined
brave
Try to summarize the words that describe the personalities of the scientists.
1. However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932,...
2. At that time, China was poor and Its rocket science was
undeveloped.
3. Nevertheless, Qian did not let that discourage him...
4. Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou
rockets...
5. However, what might have made him such an
outstanding...
6. In general, there were two main theories...
7. Besides being brilliant, he was brave,...
8. Furthermore, he was quite determined.
9. Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults.
These linking words serve to link elements in the passages and bring greater cohension and logical flow to it.
Try to summarize the linking words and phrases in the passages and describe their functions.
Post-reading
1. What do you think a great scientist need most Why
2. What is the significance of the scientific spirit and what inspiration can you get from these scientists
professional knowledge logical reasoning
research methods the questioning mind
leadership patriotism
devotion determination
imagination creativity
inspiration talent ...
3. Write an essay about the scientific spirit.
1) Discuss some stories about great scientists.
Newton and the apple;
Watson dreaming of the structure of DNA;
Fleming’s accidental discovery of penicillin;
...
2) Using these stories as a basis, discuss the following questions:
Apart from being clever, what are the most important personal qualities a scientist must have to be successful
How do these stories illustrate the scientific spirit
3) Now work by yourself to write an essay about the scientific spirit.
4) Exchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help you revise the draft.
Does the writer explain clearly the personal qualities that make up the scientific spirit
Does the writer give examples from the lives of scientist(s) to illustrate the points
Does the writer describe the personality of a great scientist
Does the writer use appropriate linking words and phrases to tie the ideas together
Does the writer use separate paragraphs, each with its own function
Great Scientific Minds When we consider the great minds of many centuries and ask the question of what makes someone a great scientist, there are many aspects we should evaluate. But which ones are most important Is it their inventions, cures, or solutions to problems Is it the personal challenges they had to face Or is it their overall character Looking at the lives of Qian Xuesen and Stephen Hawking, some common characteristics surface: they are knowledgeable, gifted, self-sacrificing for the greater good of the country or humanity, brave, and determined. In short, they have to tenaciously chase down solutions to big problems and not let discouragement set in during their discovery process.
Sample writing
adv. 坚持地
We can see this in Qian Xuesen's life, pioneering to another country to work with and inspire like-minded people in his field and to collaborate on their work. We can see it in his vigour to return to China and lead their aerospace programme through its birthing stages. We saw the determination and devotion to accuracy and truth on the part of Stephen Hawking from his youngest days through the decades he fought for his body while his mind progressed into the arena of geniuses.
v. 合作，协作
The definition of scientific spirit is to, above all else, be willing and able to grasp a problem or a question and not let go of it until knowledge, creative power, and collaboration have brought a clear answer. Then this same mind must believe in its findings enough to bravely present them, prove, and perfect them for the betterment of the quality and sustainability of life all over the world. It is to look squarely, ask questions, and never give up trying.
n. 持续性，能维持性
Thank you!

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