资源简介

(共31张PPT)
Discovering Useful Structures
Unit 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD
Guessing Game：
Look at the translations of some Chinese song lyrics(歌词).Try to find out the Chinese version(版本) and sing the song .
1.You are like the most beautiful cloud that I have ever seen. Let me try to make you stay.
2.We all need courage, with which we will believe that we can be together.
3. Ten years later, we are still friends who can also greet with each other sincerely.
4. I know I have a pair of invisible wings which can take me to fly and give me hope.
【答案】
1.你是我天边最美的云彩，让我用心把你留下来。——《最炫民族风》
2.我们都需要勇气, 去相信会在一起。——《勇气》
3.十年之后, 我们是朋友，还可以问候。——《十年》
4.我知道我一直有双隐形的翅膀,带我飞,给我希望。——《隐形的翅膀》
先行词 关系词（关系代词、关系副词）
人 who、whom、that、whose
物 which、that、whose
时间 which、that、when
地点 which、that、where
原因 which、that、why
探究一 关系副词引导的限制性定语从句
1.when引导定语从句
【自主探究】
It was a time when people were divided geographically. →It was a time in which people were divided geographically.
Activity Tips
when引导定语从句时，从句的先行词为表示_______的名词，when在从句中作时间状语，相当于“ ”结构。
时间
介词in/at/on/during...＋which
2．where引导定语从句
【自主探究】
I told my mum that I wanted to give up, and that I would never live in a country where German was spoken. →I told my mum that I wanted to give up, and that I would never live in a country in which German was spoken.
探究一 关系副词引导的限制性定语从句
Activity Tips
(1)where引导定语从句时，从句的先行词为表示地点的名词，where在从句中作____________状语，相当于“________________”结构。
(2) 关系副词where可表示抽象的“地点”。常见的先行词有situation、stage、point、case、position、condition等。
地点
介词in/at...＋which
3．why引导定语从句
【自主探究】
There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system. →There are many reasons for which this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
探究一 关系副词引导的限制性定语从句
Activity Tips
从句的先行词通常是 ， why在从句中作 状语，相当于“介词 ”。
reason
原因
for + which
【名师点津】
若先行词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词或“介词+关系代词”引导从句；若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，则应用关系代词引导。
Do you remember the days (which/that) we spent together
你还记得我们一起度过的那些日子吗？(关系代词在从句中作宾语)
The school (which/that) we visited yesterday is newly built.
我们昨天参观的那所学校是新建的。(关系代词在从句中作宾语)
This is the reason (which/that) our teacher gave us for doing it.
这就是我们老师给我们的做此事的理由。(关系代词在从句中作宾语)
He gave me a reason which/that was reasonable.
他给了我一个合情合理的理由。(关系代词在从句中作主语)
探究一 关系副词引导的限制性定语从句
探究一 关系副词引导的限制性定语从句
(1) This is the place we held a party last week.
(2) Do you remember the days we spent together on the farm
(3)I don’t know the reason he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
(4)I won’t listen to the reason you have given us.
(5) This is the place we visited last year.
(6) Do you remember the days we chatted with each other all night
where
that/which
why
that/which
that/which
when
探究二 “介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句
【自主探究】
1.This is the book which she is looking for.
2.The woman with whom I talked just now comes from America.
3.This is called “herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work.
4.If you have anything on which you want my opinions, feel free to see me.
5.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of which uses it differently.
Activity Tips
1．“介词＋关系代词”结构引导定语从句时，关系代词只能用
或 ，即 ，且不能省略。
which(指物)
whom(指人)
介词＋which/whom
Activity Tips
2．“介词＋关系代词(which/whom)”中介词的选择：一先，二动，三意义。
“一先”，即根据 来确定介词。
The factory in which I’m working mainly produces computers.
我工作所在的工厂主要生产电脑。
(in which代替in the factory，“在工厂里”用介词in。)
“二动”，即根据定语从句中的 来确定介词。
In the dark street there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.
在漆黑的街道上她没有一个人可以求助。
(to whom代替to a person；turn to sb. for help“向某人求助”。)
“三意义”，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。
In the office I never seem to have time until after 5：30p.m., by which time many people have gone home. 在办公室里，我要到下午5：30之后才能有点空闲，到那时，许多人已经回家了。
先行词
谓语动词
Activity Tips
3．介词前有时加名词、数词、不定代词，构成“名词/数词/不定代词＋ ”结构，在定语从句中作主语。
I collected some books, the covers of which (＝whose covers/of which the covers) are yellow with years.
我收藏了一些书，它们的封面因年代久远都变黄了。
of which/whom
Activity Tips
4．“复合介词＋which”引导的定语从句，常用逗号与先行词隔开，而且定语从句常用倒装语序。
He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree.
他住在一幢大房子里，房前有一棵大树。
【名师点津】
(1)当定语从句中的谓语动词短语是固定搭配不可分割时，那么该动词短语中的介词不能前置，如listen to，look at，look for，look into，depend on，make use of，pay attention to，take care of等。
This is the pen which I’m looking for.这是我正在找的那支钢笔。
(2)“介词＋where”和“介词＋which”的用法不同，如：
His head soon appeared out of the window, from where he saw nothing but trees.
他的头很快从窗口露出来，从那儿除了树木他什么也看不见。(from where相当于from out of the window，而不是from the window)
探究二 “介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句
【即学即练】用“介词＋关系代词”填空
(1) This is the man ________________ I just shook hands.
(2) None of us know the reason ________________ Tom was absent.
(3) Do you remember the day ________________ you joined our club
(4) There is a big window ________________ I can see the railway station.
with whom
for which
on which
through which
探究二 “介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句
探究三 项目活动
Activity1 Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions.
【答案】略
Activity2 Describe one of your favourite memories with restrictive relative clauses. Use the expressions below to help you.
One of my favorite memories is of the time when...
The place where it happened was...
That was the day when...
The reason why...
探究三 项目活动
One of my favourite memories is of the time when I first used English by myself in a restaurant. The place where it happened was Covent Garden in London. That was the day when I realised I could speak English well with a little confidence. I ordered our meal and had a chat with the waiter about where we came from and where is good to visit in China. The reason why it gave me confidence is because it was a real life situation and not just in a classroom.
探究三 项目活动
探究四 语言知识
1.struggle n．&vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗
(教材P64)When I started studying German, it was a struggle.
当我开始学习德语时，这是一场战斗。
【知识拓展】
struggle for 努力争取……；为……而斗争
struggle against/with 与……作斗争
struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
探究四 语言知识
【即学即练】单句语法填空/句型转换
①She never gave up and struggled (live) an active life.
②He struggled his feet and dragged slowly ahead.
③Women are fighting for equal pay and equal work.
→Women are equal pay and equal work.
to live
to
struggling for
【小片段助记】
We struggle for success all our life; however, it is a struggle to make every day meaningful. The thought of giving up haunts us when we fail again and again, but the desire for flowers and applause urges us to struggle to our feet when we fall over before trouble.
探究四 语言知识
2.the＋比较级，the＋比较级“越……，就越……”
(教材P64)It was exercise for the brain；the more I learnt of a language, the more my brain would grow.
这是对大脑的锻炼；我对一门语言学得越多，我的大脑就会开发得越多。
探究四 语言知识
[句式分析]
(1)the＋比较级，the＋比较级 越……，就越……
(2) the more..., the less... 越……，越不……
the more...the better... ……越多，……就越好
The more he explained, the more confused I became.他越解释我就越迷惑。
As is known to us, the lazier a person is, the more things he needs to do tomorrow.
众所周知，一个人越懒， 他明天要做的事情就越多。
探究四 语言知识
【即学即练】完成句子
① , the more equipped for life you are.
你学到的知识越多，你就为生活准备得越好。
② you pay, you will gain.付出越多，收获就越多。
③ you talked, attention he paid to you.你说得越多，他越不注意听你讲。
The more you learn
The more
the more
The more
the more
探究四 语言知识
学习了哪些语言知识
关系副词引导的定语从句
1.when
2.where
3.why
关系副词引导的定语从句
when在从句中作时间状语
where在从句中作地点状语
why在从句中作原因状语
1.先行词指人
2.先行词指物
介词+whom/whose
介词+which/whose
重要语言点
1.struggle
2. the＋比较级，the＋比较级
The United States (UN) is an organization 1.___________ aims to promote (促进) international cooperation (合作). It was founded in 1945 and has about 190 member states (成员国). This is the reason 2.______________ the UN has a huge number of translators and interpreters, since international meetings in the UN are attended (参加) by people 3.___________ speak so many different languages. Translators are people 4.___________ usually work with written language, while interpreters work with spoken language. Meetings 5._______________ only two languages are used may need only one interpreter, while larger events 6._______________ leaders from many countries gather may need over 70 interpreters.
The United States (UN) is an organization 1.___________ aims to promote (促进) international cooperation (合作). It was founded in 1945 and has about 190 member states (成员国). This is the reason 2.______________ the UN has a huge number of translators and interpreters, since international meetings in the UN are attended (参加) by people 3.___________ speak so many different languages. Translators are people 4.___________ usually work with written language, while interpreters work with spoken language. Meetings 5._______________ only two languages are used may need only one interpreter, while larger events 6._______________ leaders from many countries gather may need over 70 interpreters.
that/which
why/for which
who/that
who/that
where/ in which
where/ in which

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