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2023高考英语知识运用专题集训之语法填空
（A）
A textbook exchange is a business that buys and sells college textbooks. Textbooks can represent　1　 significant part of a student's education budget. By purchasing used textbooks or selling unneeded books to a textbook exchange, students can 　2　(great) reduce their expenses.
Traditionally, university bookstores were the only sources for　3　 (require) textbooks. The success of bookstores 　4　 buy and sell used books inspired some businesses 　5　(copy) the process of textbooks. A textbook exchange will purchase textbooks from students who have completed courses and no longer need the materials. This means the business can resell the used books at a price much lower than their original cost. This is very 　6　 (benefit) to students who are struggling to meet their school fees and living expenses.
Ever since it first appeared, the textbook exchange　7　(increase) the options for students. Now used textbooks　8　(deliver) almost anywhere through any standard delivery service. This means students are not limited 　9　 the books available at their local university bookstores. They can compare　10　(price) on a national or even international level and choose the most reasonably priced editions. This changes the supply-and-demand economic factors that create high prices for most textbooks.
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（B）
Kitchen technology has reached new heights. So far, astronauts on the International Space Station　1　(make) the universe's first space-baked cookies. They are　2　very first kind of food baked in space from raw ingredients. The astronauts said　3　(eat) freshly baked food will make them happy while on the space station. It will be a comforting　4　(remind) of home. This will be important to astronauts going to the moon or on the long journey to Mars.
Baking the space cookies once　5　(think) extremely difficult. On Earth, cookies take about 20 minutes　6　(bake) in an oven heated to 150 degrees Celsius (302 degrees Fahrenheit). That was not long enough in space. The first cookie came out　7　(total) undercooked. The space bakers turned　8　the oven's temperature and baked the dough for　9　(long) until they were successful. The fifth cookie they made took 130 minutes to bake. The space-baked cookies are now in a laboratory in Houston, Texas. Scientists will test them to see　10　they are safe to eat.
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（C）
The mascot(吉祥物) for the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games 　1　(show) to the public at Beijing's Shougang Ice Hockey Arena on September 17th,2019. The name of the mascot is“Bing Dwen Dwen”, 　2　 is closely associated with the host nation's culture.
The image of it is designed based 　3　 the giant panda. 　4　(dress) in a full body suit of ice, a symbol of purity and 　5　(strong), the panda wears a helmet with colored haloes(光环). The lines of the halo represent the snow tracks and 5G technology. The heart shape in its left palm represents the host country's hospitality.
The name“Bing Dwen Dwen” is a 　6　(combine) of several meanings in the Chinese language. “Bing” is the Chinese character for ice, while“Dwen Dwen” is 　7　 common nickname in China for children that implies healthiness and cuteness.
The mascot 　8　(perfect) combines the best elements and characteristics of China to show China's warm invitation to friends from all over the world. It is also designed 　9　(promote) the Olympic spirit. There is no doubt that it will be a 　10　(wonder) ambassador for China and the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games.
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（D）
Chris Waba, a sixth grade math teacher in South Dakota, was getting praise in his own way. He went to help a student　1　(lock) at home with her homework after schools were switched 　2　 virtual learning because of the novel coronavirus pandemic.
　　After receiving a message from Rylee Anderson, 12, 　3　 she was struggling with a math problem, Waba grabbed a whiteboard and hurried to her front door.
“We had really tried to work it through 　4　(digital), but you can just tell when you need to do something else. I just said, ‘I'll be there in 　5　 couple of minutes.’” Then all Rylee was looking forward to 　6　(be) to be able to see Waba's appearance.
　7　( help) her figure out the problem, Waba spent about 15 minutes kneeling outside the front door and drawing on the whiteboard while Rylee stood safely inside. The moment 　8　(shoot) on camera by Rylee's dad, Josh Anderson. He then posted the photo on Twitter, where it quickly went viral.
Waba stressed that as an 　9　(educate), it was right to go above and beyond for their students in this tough time. “I'm not one on an island,” he said. “There are thousands and thousands of teachers 　10　(go) the extra miles for their kids.”
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（E）
Today, we will examine some 　1　(use) no-cost things you can do before you study to help you improve your memory and learning. Three important ideas 　2　(think) about before studying include exercise, study places and pre-study tests.
Before you study, doing cardiovascular exercise(有氧运动) may help you better remember what you learn. Violent exercise may be especially helpful. So far, researchers have suggested combining 　3　 two to get the best effects for your memory. The important idea is this:exercise 　4　 (be) good for your memory.
Where you study is also important for improving your learning. Researchers find that 　5　 (surround) play a big part in how well people remember the words. 　6　 it is good to have a desk or a special study area, some research suggests that changing where you study could help you remember 　7　(much) of what you study.
Testing is a good way of 　8　(make) you remember new information. In 2018, researchers found that students who took a test before learning a new material did much better after studying the material. The students failed the test, but they were better able to remember the material than students who 　9　(ask) only to read the information. So try to take a pre-study test. While you might not know the answer, you will probably be better able to learn and remember the answer when you study 　10　 later.
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（F）
Dogs, just like humans, can get cold when the temperature starts to drop. We can wear coats or hats, but dogs don't really have them 　1　 they just refuse to wear them. If you live in a cold climate, it will be important 　2　(know) your dogs' limits and how you can keep them safe and warm.
Actually, whether it is too cold for dogs to go outside heavily depends upon the dog's size, coat 　3　 (thick), color and other 　4　(factor), but in general, when the temperature hits below 32 degrees Fahrenheit(华氏度), dogs can actually start to get hurt from 　5　 cold.
In many parts of the world, the temperature 　6　(remain) below 32 degrees Fahrenheit for several months at a time. Since dogs 　7　(obvious) can't stay inside all day during the winter season, the most important thing to remember is to pay attention to your dogs when you take them out. They will typically let you know if they are not 　8　(comfort).
If your dog isn't a breed (品种) that can bear the cold well, 　9　(get) them a coat can be helpful. Make sure that the coat is warm but still allows your dog to have a full range 　10　 motion.
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（G）
In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier 1． that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 2． gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a 3． (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared. and a BMI of between 19 and 25 4． (consider) healthy.
The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 5． 2. 1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain 6． (be) 1. 3 in women and 1. 6 in men. The researchers described “striking changes” in the geography of BMI. Tn 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 7． (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 8． (sharp).
This may be due to some disadvantages for people 9． (live) in the countryside, including 10． (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
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参考答案：
（A）
1.a　考查冠词。句意:教科书可以代表学生教育预算的一个重要部分。此处表示泛指,意为“一”,应使用不定冠词。significant的发音以辅音音素开头,故使用不定冠词a。
2.greatly　考查副词。此处修饰动词reduce,故使用great的副词形式greatly。
3.required　考查非谓语动词。句意:传统上,大学书店是所需教科书的唯一来源。动词require与名词textbooks构成被动关系,应使用过去分词作前置定语,故填required。
4.that/which　考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词bookstores指物,从句中缺主语,故使用关系代词that或which。
5.to copy　考查非谓语动词。inspire sb./sth. to do sth.意为“激励某人/物做某事”,其中不定式作宾语补足语。
6.beneficial　考查形容词。设空处作表语,表示“对……有益处”,使用benefit的形容词形式,故填beneficial。
7.has increased　考查谓语动词的时态。句意:自从它第一次出现以来,教科书交换已经增加了学生的选择。根据Ever since可确定此处使用现在完成时。
8.are delivered/are being delivered　考查谓语动词的时态和语态。句意:现在二手的教科书几乎可以通过任何标准的交付服务在任何地方交付。句子主语used textbooks与动词deliver构成被动关系,故使用被动语态。根据时间状语Now可知谓语动词可使用一般现在时表示一种客观情况,也可使用现在进行时表示动作正在进行,故答案为are delivered/are being delivered。
9.to　考查介词。be limited to 为固定搭配,意为“被限制在……上; 限于……”。
10.prices　考查名词的数。此处表示比较价格,故使用price的复数形式prices,表示不同的价格。
（B）
1.have made　考查动词时态。句意:到目前为止,国际空间站上的宇航员已经制作出了宇宙中第一批太空烤饼干。分析句子结构可知,设空处是句子的谓语动词,主语是复数名词astronauts,根据时间状语So far可知,时态要用现在完成时。故填have made。
2.the　考查冠词。句意:它们恰好是第一种用原料在太空站中烘焙出来的食物。根据语境设空处表达特指意思:恰好是第一种。
3.eating　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,设空处所在句是宾语从句,充当said的宾语,且设空处是宾语从句的主语,要用动名词形式。故填eating。
4.reminder　考查名词。设空处充当表语,且设空处前有形容词修饰,所以要用名词形式。故填reminder。
5.was thought　考查动词的时态和语态。设空处是句子的谓语动词,与主语之间是被动关系。根据时间状语once可知时态为一般过去时,主语是v.-ing形式时谓语动词要用单数形式。故填was thought。
6.to bake　考查不定式。此处用不定式表目的。故填to bake。　
7.totally　考查副词。设空处单词修饰后面表示状态的形容词undercooked。所以要用副词形式,故填totally。
8.up　考查动词短语。太空面包师傅调高了烤箱的温度。turn up是固定搭配,意为“把……调大”。故填up。
9.longer　考查形容词。此处表达:比第一次更长的时间,要用形容词比较级。故填longer。
10. if/whether　考查连接词。设空处引导的是宾语从句,根据语境设空处引导词表达“是否”,故填if/whether。
（C）
1.was shown　考查动词的时态和语态。句意:2019年9月17日,北京2022年冬奥会吉祥物在北京首钢冰球场向公众展示。此处是谓语动词,与主语是被动关系,应使用被动语态;由on September 17th, 2019可知,应使用一般过去时,因此应使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was shown。
2.which　考查定语从句。句意:吉祥物的名字叫“冰墩墩”,与东道国的文化息息相关。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词指物,应使用关系代词which引导。故填which。
3.on　考查介词。句意:它的形象是根据大熊猫设计的。此处是短语be based on“根据,以……为基础,建立在……基础上”。故填on。
4.Dressed　考查非谓语动词。句意:熊猫身穿象征纯洁和力量的全身冰衣,头戴彩色光环的头盔。根据句意可知,此处是短语be dressed in“穿着”,省略be动词,使用过去分词作状语。故填Dressed。
5.strength　考查名词。此处与purity是并列成分,应使用名词形式。故填strength。
6.combination　考查名词。句意:“冰墩墩”这个名字是汉语中几个意思的组合。根据空前a及空后of可知,此处使用名词单数形式。故填combination。
7.a　考查冠词。根据空后common nickname可知,此处泛指“一个昵称”,common是以辅音音素开头的词,应使用不定冠词a。
8.perfectly　考查副词。句意:吉祥物完美地结合了中国最好的元素和特色,展示了中国对来自世界各地朋友的热情邀请。此处修饰动词combines,应使用副词形式。故填perfectly。
9.to promote　考查非谓语动词。句意:它也是为了弘扬奥林匹克精神而设计的。根据句意可知,此处是短语be designed to do...“为做……而设计”。故填to promote。
10.wonderful　考查形容词。句意:毫无疑问,它将成为中国和2022年北京冬奥会的出色大使。此处修饰名词ambassador,应用形容词,意为“出色的大使”。故填wonderful。
（D）
1.locked　考查非谓语动词。设空处作后置定语,lock与student之间是被动关系,要用过去分词形式。
2.with　考查固定短语。switch...with...意为“将……转换为……”。
3.that　考查名词性从句。设空前后不缺成分,而message的内容应该是学生被数学题难住这个事实,要用that引导同位语从句。
4.digitally　考查副词。此处表达:我们很努力地通过数码手段去解决了。分析句子结构可知,这里修饰动词短语work it through,要用副词形式。
5.a　考查冠词。a couple of意为“几个,一对”。
6.was　考查主谓一致和时态。主句的主语是all,不定代词视为第三人称单数,且动作发生在过去,be动词要用was。
7.To help　考查非谓语动词。此处表达“为了帮助她解决问题”,应用动词不定式表目的。
8.was shot　考查动词的时态和语态。主语The moment与shoot之间是被动关系,且动作发生在过去,要用一般过去时的被动语态。
9.educator　考查名词。根据空前的an可知,设空处需要填名词,介词as表示“作为”,应该指Waba自己的身份,也就是老师、教育者。
10.going　考查非谓语动词。设空处作后置定语修饰teachers,go与teachers之间是主动关系,应用现在分词形式。
（E）
1.useful　考查形容词。根据本空后面的名词things可知,本空应填形容词作定语。
2.to think　考查非谓语动词。本句的谓语动词是include,因此这里的think应用作非谓语动词。根据句式和句意可知,这里用不定式短语作定语,修饰前面的ideas。
3.the　考查冠词。前面提到cardiovascular exercise和violent exercise两种锻炼方式,所以本空特指这两种锻炼方式。
4.is　考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知这里用一般现在时,主语exercise是不可数名词,故谓语动词用is。
5.surroundings　考查名词。surround是动词,意为“包围,围绕”,宾语从句中缺主语且空后动词play为原形,所以此处应该用surroundings,意为“环境,周围的事物”。
6.While/Though/Although　考查连词。设空处引导让步状语从句,故本空应填表示让步的引导词。
7.more　考查形容词比较级。这里在谈改变学习地点或环境前后学习状况的对比。句意:……改变学习地点可以帮助你记住更多所学内容。故填more。
8.making　考查非谓语动词。介词of后面接动名词,应用v.-ing形式。
9.were asked　考查谓语动词的时态和语态。根据句意可知,这里指学生被要求只阅读新知识。因为谈的是2018年的一次研究,故用一般过去时的被动语态。
10.it　考查代词。根据句意和句子结构可知,这里填it,指代前面的answer。
（F）
1.or　句意:我们可以穿外套或戴帽子,但狗狗并没有外套或帽子,或者说它们拒绝穿戴这些东西。设空处前后两个句子表示选择关系,故填并列连词or。
2.to know　句意:如果你生活在寒冷的气候中,了解你的狗的极限以及如何使它们安全和温暖是很重要的。本句中it为形式主语,提示词为动词,由此可推知设空处需填非谓语动词作真正的主语。根据前文的表语important可知设空处填不定式to know。
3.thickness　句意:事实上,是否天气太冷,狗狗不能外出,很大程度上取决于狗的大小、皮毛厚度、颜色和其他因素。但一般来说,当温度低于32华氏度时,狗狗实际上会开始受到寒冷的伤害。设空处与名词size,color并列作depends upon的宾语,需填名词形式,根据提示词可知设空处填thickness。
4.factors　根据设空处前的other可知设空处填名词复数形式factors,意为:因素。
5.the　根据本句中的“when the temperature hits below 32 degrees Fahrenheit”可知设空处后的名词cold表示特指,故填定冠词the。
6.remains　句意:在世界上的许多地方,气温会持续几个月低于32华氏度。本句介绍某些地区的温度,需用一般现在时。主语temperature属于第三人称单数概念,故填remains。
7.obviously　句意:在冬天,狗很显然不能整天待在室内,所以最重要的是要记住,当你带你的狗出去的时候要注意它们。设空处作状语,需填副词形式,故填obviously。
8.comfortable　句意:如果它们感到不舒服,一般会让你知道。设空处作表语,表示“舒服的”,故填形容词comfortable。
9.getting/to get　句意:如果你的狗不是耐寒的品种,给它们一件外套会很有益。设空处作主语,提示词为动词,由此可知设空处需用动名词或不定式作主语,故填getting或to get。
10.of　句意:要确保外套是温暖的,但还要让你的狗有足够的活动范围。设空处后的motion与range为所属关系,故填介词of,a range of:……的范围。
（G）
1．考查连词。句意：在一项对200个国家33年体重指数趋势的研究中，科学家们发现，世界各地的人们体重越来越重，而这主要是由于农村地区体重指数的增加。分析句子结构可知，that people worldwide are getting heavier和that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.都是found引导的宾语从句，是并列关系，故填and。
2．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具，它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。分析句子结构可知，tool是先行词，且在从句中做主语，故填that/which。
3．考查名词所有格。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，person是修饰weight的，用 person的名词所有格person’s。故填person’s。
4．考查动词被动语态。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，主语（a BMI）是单数，时态是一般现在时，且主语和consider是表被动关系，故填is considered。
5．考查介词。句意：研究发现，1985年至2017年间，农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了2.1。increase by表示“增加了”；increase to表示“增加到”。根据正常的成人BMI数值（18.5-23.9）可知，increase by符合语境，故填by。
6．考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意：然而，在城市中，女性增加了1.3，男性增加了1.6。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，主语（gain）是单数，时态是一般过去时，故填was。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：1985年，在被研究的国家中，超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语是had，所以study用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是countries，表被动关系，故填studied。
8．考查副词。句意：但30年后，许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。分析句子结构可知，sharp是要修饰动词narrow，用sharp的副词形式sharply。故填sharply。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动词may be，故live用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是people，表主动关系，做定语，用现在分词形式，故填living。
10．考查形容词比较级。句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，including说明的是一些不利条件，且后面有higher和fewer，是并列关系，所以low也应该用比较级形式，故填lower。

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