资源简介

类型：征文活动
话题：学校变化
典例展示　
Great Changes
I_am_deeply_impressed_by_the_great_changes_that_have_taken_place_in_the_school_over_the_past_three_years.1
On May 12,2008，a severe earthquake destroyed almost everything in the school，leaving badly-damaged buildings. It is now，however，taking on a new look. Tall buildings have been put up，including classrooms and laboratory buildings，and a library. There is also a newly-built standard playground. In the new environment，teachers and students are living happily and working hard. t is really amazing that the once-ruined place has now been turned into a beautiful school，full of life.
Obviously，without the help of the whole society，there would be no new school today. It is love and concern that have brought about the great changes.Many_hands_make_light_work.2We can work wonders if we unite as a family，caring for each other and helping those in need. Unity is strength. (2011·福建卷)
佳句变式
范文中的划线句子可改为如下句式：
1. What impressed me most is the great changes that have taken place in the school over the past three years.
2.As a saying goes，many hands make light work.
Ⅰ.词汇与派生
1.matter vi.要紧，有重大关系→to make matters ________ 更糟糕的是
2.suppose vt.认为，猜想→________/suppose (that) 假如
3.complain vi.抱怨；投诉→complain ________...about/of 因某事向……投诉/抱怨
4.expert n.专家→be expert ________ (在……方面)熟练，擅长
5.reduce vt.减少；降低→be reduced ________ (doing) sth.被迫陷入……
6.diet n.饮食；节食→________ diet 在节食
7.stand vt.忍耐，忍受→stand ________ 代表→stand ________突出，显眼
8.volunteer n.志愿者；v.自愿提供；自愿→volunteer ________ sth. 自愿做某事
9. challenge n.&v.挑战→challenge sb. ________ sth. 向某人挑战……
10.design n.&vt.设计→________ design 故意地
11.crowded adj.拥挤的→be crowded ________ 挤满了……→crowd ________ (问题、想法等)涌上(on/upon)
12.distance n.距离→________ a distance 保持一定距离，在远处→________ the distance 在远处
1.____________ n.问卷；调查表→question n.&v.问题；询问
2. part n.&v.部分；分离→________ n.伙伴；合作者，搭档→____________ n.合作关系
3.peace n.和平；平静→________ adj.平静的；和平的→________ peace (with...) (与……)和睦的；平静的
4. stress n.&v.压力；强调→____________ adj.充满压力的，紧张的→put stress ________ 强调；使压
5.________ adj.急迫的，紧急的→urgency n.紧迫，迫切→It is urgent that sb. ________________... 急需某人做某事
6.________ adj.厌烦的，不感兴趣的→boring adj.令人厌烦的
7. press n.&v.新闻业/界，出版社；压，挤→________ n.压力
8.________ adj.社交的；社会的→society n.社会；交际
9.________ vt.组织→organisation n.组织
10.________ n.&v.毕业生；(准予……)毕业→graduation n.毕业，毕业典礼
11.advertise v.(为……)做广告→____________ n.广告
12.present n.目前；礼物；adj.现在的，在场的；v.赠送；介绍→____________ n.表演；展示
13.________ vt.解决；解答→solution n.解答；解决方法
14.____________ n.会计(师)→account n.&v.叙述；账目；作出解释→________ account of 因为，由于→account ________ (数量、比例等)占；(对……)作出说明/解释
15.________ adj.正式的，合礼仪的→abnormal adj.反常的，变态的
Since my graduation，I have been working in an organisation to deal with people’s complaints about their personal affairs and most of them are urgent and I’m really bored with it. Supposing you are an expert about it，tell me how I can have a switch in thought，reduce my stress and get relaxed.
学情自测
A.语境填词

1.The moment she appeared，photographers ______ around her.
2.________ this is not the right way，what shall we do?
3. It was most ________ that he (should) talk it over with them.
4. He ____________ for the basketball game.
5.With the problem ________，he smiled happily.
B.用所学词汇替换划线部分
6. That explains her sudden anger.________________
7.How are you getting on with your work at_the_moment？________________
8. Some schools put/lay_stress_on foreign language education.________________
9. He must have done it on_purpose.________________
10. He is quite good_at drawing.________________
Ⅱ.短语与拓展
1.switch ________把……关掉，关上
switch ________把开关打开，接通
2.go ________离去，出发；(爆竹、铃等)响
go ________ for参加考试(或竞赛)；爱好；对某事物有兴趣
3.________ up占据；开始从事；继续等
take ________接管；接收；占上风
4.be filled ________充满着
be full ________充满着
5.be bored ________对……厌烦
be tired ________厌倦；厌烦
6.be ________ of喜欢
7.suffer ________忍受，遭受
suffer ________受苦，受难，受折磨
8.________ up with提出；想出
come ________ (被)提出；想出
9.prefer A ________ B 比起B来，更喜欢A
prefer to do ________ ________ do与其……不如……
10.in ________ of支持，拥护
stand ________ 支持；站在……一旁
学情自测
选词填空

1. Her time is fully ________________ by writing.
2. It’s ten o’clock.I must ________________ now.
3. The economists are trying to __________________ a solution to the global financial crisis.
4. Tom ________________________ telling other people what to do.
5. I ________ going to the movies ________ staying at home.
6. I will always ________________ you.
Ⅲ.经典课文原句
1....I sit on the stone wall ____________________________________(而狗则绕着圈散步).
2.________________________________________ (一听到闹钟声)，I jump out of my bed.
3.________________________________________________ (花费我不到15分钟的时间) to wash，get changed，have breakfast，leave home and get on a bus.
4.I am always ________________________________________ (第一个到办公室的人).
5. But I try to work hard _______________________________________________________
(以便我能为他们挣更多的钱).
6.That’s ____________________________________ (人们叫做地铁的东西) in London.
7.Usually，it’s ________________________ (如此拥挤以致于) I can’t find anywhere to sit.
8.I’m always tired ____________________________ (还未到工作场所).
9.We don’t have the same work hours ____________________________________ (城里办公室工作人员所拥有的).
10.________________________________________ (为了解决这个问题)，the Duchess came up with the clever idea of inviting some friends to join her for an afternoon meal between four and five o’clock.
Ⅳ.教材与高考
1. Forty-three-year-old Brian Blakey from Birmingham is_sitting on his sofa and telling_me about his perfect day. (教材原句P8)
—I hear you ________ in a pub. What’s it like?
—Well，it’s very hard work and I’m always tired，but I don’t mind.(2011·江苏，21)
A.are working B.will work
C.were working D.will be working
命题思路　选A项。通过语境考查时态。
变式训练
—I have received another message telling that I have won a prize in a lottery.
—Don’t come forward.You ________ again.
A.are taken in B.should be cheated
C.are being cheated D.must have taken in
2.Mmmm and my life is very stressful，I suppose. (教材原句P114)
What are you doing out of bed，Tom？You’re ________ to be asleep.(2011·辽宁，22)
A.supposed B.known
C.thought D.considered
命题思路　选A项。通过语境及句式结构考查词的用法。be supposed to do sth.理应/应该做某事。
变式训练
The note “No Smoking” means that you are not ________ to smoke here.
A.meant B.suggested
C.supposed D.planned
Ⅴ.单元语法自测
用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Every few years，the coal workers ________ (have) their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.
2.—I’m not finished with my dinner yet!
—But our friends ________________ (wait) for us.
3. Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who ________ (wear) evening dress.
4.Dr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，________________________ (be going to) visit Beijing this summer.
5. Teenagers ________________ (damage) their health because they play computer games too much.
Ⅰ.A 1.worse　2.supposing　3.to　4.at/in　5.to
6.on　7.for；out　8.to do　9.to (do)　10.by　11.with；in　12.at；in
B 1.questionnaire　2.partner；partnership　3.peaceful；at　4.stressful；on　5.urgent；(should)do　6.bored　7.pressure　8.social　9.organise　10.graduate　11.advertisement　12.presentation　13.solve　14.accountant；on；for　15.formal
学情自测
A 1.crowded　2.Supposing/Suppose　3.urgent　4.volunteered　5.solved
B 6.accounts for　7.at present　8.stress　9.by design　10.expert at
Ⅱ.1.off；on　2.off；in　3.take；over　4.with；of
5.with；of　6.fond　7.from；for　8.come；up　9.to；rather；than　10.support；by
学情自测
1.taken up　2.go off　3.come up with　4.is fond of　5.prefer；to　6.stand by
Ⅲ.1.while the dog walks round in a circle　2.As soon as I hear my alarm clock　3.It takes me less than fifteen minutes　4.the first person to get to the office　5.so that I can make more money for them　6.what people call the underground　7.so crowded that　8.before I arrive at work　9.that office workers in the city have　10.To solve this problem
Ⅳ.1.C　2.C
Ⅴ.1.have　2.are waiting　3.wears　4.is going to　5.are damaging
1.suppose v.to think or believe that sth.is true or possible (based on the knowledge that you have)认为，猜想；to pretend that sth.is true；to imagine what would happen if sth.were true假设；假定
be supposed to do/be sth.应当……；一般认为
be supposed to have done本该做……(但实际上未做)
be not supposed to do sth.不准；不应当
suppose/supposing引导条件状语从句，相当于if，意为“如果，假设”。
(1)You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must agree with you, I suppose.
你看起来气色很好。我想三亚的空气和海鲜一定适合你。
(2)I don’t suppose he will pass the exam.
我猜想他不会通过这次考试的。
(3)________ she doesn’t come, what shall we do?
假如她不来，我们怎么办？
2.switch v.to change from one thing to another, or make sth. do this转变；改变；替换；n.a small device that you press or move up and down in order to turn a light or piece of electrical equipment on and off开关；a change from one thing to another，especially when this is sudden and complete改变；转变
switch on接上；打开
switch off切断；关掉
switch over转换频道；转变
switch to变换到……
make a switch进行改变
(1)According to the air traffic rules, you should switch off your mobile phone before boarding.
根据空中交通规则，在登机前你应当关闭手机。
(2)There has been a switch in our plans.
我们的计划有变。
(3)________________ when you’ve finished using the electric typewriter.
电动打字机用完后，要关掉开关。
3.suffer v.to feel pain in your body or your mind感到痛苦；to experience sth. very unpleasant or painful经受；蒙受
suffer pain/defeat/loss/poverty/hunger/punishment/
hardship/damage遭受痛苦/失败/损失/贫穷/挨饿/
惩罚/艰难/损害
suffer from忍受，遭受；患……病
注意　suffer和suffer from一般不用于被动语态。
(1)Considering football again，many small clubs have suffered financial losses recently，as they cannot compete with the large ones. (2011·江西，阅读表达)
再以足球为例，许多小的俱乐部最近遭受经济损失，因为他们不能与大的俱乐部相竞争。
(2)The city suffered huge losses from the earthquake.
这个城市在地震中遭受了巨大的损失。
(3)The region continues to ________________ serious pollution.
这个地区依然遭受着严重的污染。
4.prefer v.to like or want sb. or sth. more than sb.or sth. else更喜爱；钟爱
prefer to do.../doing...宁愿做……/更喜欢做……
prefer sb. to do...宁愿让某人做……
prefer (doing) A to (doing) B 和(做)B相比更喜欢(做)A
prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做A，而不愿做B
preference n.偏爱；爱好，喜爱
have a preference for喜爱，偏好
(1)Some people eat with their eyes. They prefer to order what looks nice.(2010·四川，6)
一些人凭眼睛来吃饭，他们喜欢点看起来好看的菜。
(2)I prefer her not to come.我宁愿她不来。
(3)She preferred to go with us rather than stay behind. ＝ She ________ going with us ________ staying behind.
她宁愿和我们一起去，而不愿留下。
?写作句组——满分作文之佳句
a.With the development of the modern world, more and more people prefer to visit zoos.
(2009·广东)
b.In a word, people want to do this just because they love animals. (2009·广东)
c.But among these courses, I’d like to learn cooking best. (2009·上海)
5.support v.to help or encourage sb./sth.by saying or showing that you agree with them/it支持；拥护；to hold sb./sth.in position；to prevent sb./sth.from falling支撑；to provide money, food, shelter, or other things that sb. needs in order to live供养；抚养；n.help and approval you give to a particular idea，person, organization etc.赞成，拥护；支持
support one’s family养家
support oneself自力更生
support one’s suggestion赞同某人的建议
support doing sth.支持做某事
in support of支持
(1)I don’t expect you to help support us. (2011·陕西，阅读C)
我没有指望你来支持我们。
(2)Mr. Wang spoke ____________ the proposal.
王先生发言支持该项提议。
(3)I will support myself after graduation from college.
我大学毕业后要自力更生。
6.otherwise adv. used to state what the result would be if sth. did not happen or if the situation were different否则；不然；apart from that除此以外，另外；in a different way to the way mentioned在其他方面
or otherwise或其他情况；或相反
or else否则，要不然的话
(1)Up to now, the program has saved thousands of children who would otherwise have died. (2010·山东，30)
迄今为止，这个项目已拯救了成千上万个本来会死亡的孩子。
(2)Do what you’ve been told, ________ you will be punished.
照吩咐去做，否则你将会受到惩罚。
(3)He should have been working, but he was otherwise engaged.
他应该已经在工作，但是他在忙别的事情。
?写作句组——满分作文之佳句
a.Seize the chance, otherwise you will regret it.
b.The rent is high, but otherwise the house is satisfactory.
c.We were going to play football, but it was so hot that we decided to do otherwise.
7.distance n.the amount of space between two places or things距离；间距；being far away in space or in time遥远
at a distance隔一段距离；距离稍远
in the distance在远处
from the distance从远处
keep sb. at a distance对……冷淡，与……疏远
within walking distance在步行可及的地方
(1)Take your time—it’s just a short distance from here to the restaurant.(2011·山东，21)
别着急——从这儿到那家餐馆只是很短的一段距离。
(2)I saw some smoke ______________________.
我看到远处有些烟。
(3)It’s better for you to keep him at a distance.
你最好不要和他亲近。
对点自测
Ⅰ.语境填词

1. My parents live within walking ________ of me.
2. I don’t like to watch this. There’s a better programme than this on CCTV 6，please ________ over.
3. He has to work hard to ________ his family.
4. Many people had a strong ____________ for the original plan.
5. He was ________ to have arrived on the five o’clock train.
6. The people in the flooded area are ________ (from) cold and hunger.
7. He is rich, but ________ an unhappy man.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1. We made a________to our schedule to go swimming when it started to rain.
A.turn B.switch
C.decision D.exchange
2. ________Sunday, rather than________at home, I preferred________.
A.It being；stay；to travel
B.Being； to stay；to travel
C.Having been；stay；travel
D.It was；to stay；traveling
3. He is a little self-conceited, but he is________quite suitable for the post.
A.especially B.somewhat
C.diplomatically D.otherwise
4. He was supposed________a college graduate but he knew nothing of history.
A.to be B.being
C.to have been D.having been
5.—It is reported that the government has lightened the burden on the students.
—Oh, today we are still________from heavy school work，________at preparing us for the entrance examinations.
A.suffering；aimed B.suffered；aimed
C.suffered；aiming D.suffering；aiming
6. The government has lost a great deal of________because of the large increase in food price.
A.strength B.support
C.agreement D.vote
7. The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a________of 60 miles.
A.length B.distance
C.way D.space
1.go off (铃，爆竹等)响起；变坏
go with与……协调
go by经过，走过；(时间)过去；(机会)失去
go 　　　　 走过去；仔细检查；复习
go out被淘汰，出局；过时，不再流行
(1)A year went by and I heard nothing. (2011·北京，阅读A)
一年过去了，我什么也没听到。
(2)________________ your work before you hand it in.
把作业仔细检查后再交。
(3)The gun went off by accident.
枪突然走火了。
2.get changed换衣服
get可以起到be的作用，构成被动结构。
get/be hurt受伤
get/be promoted得到提升
get/be separated from分开；分离
get/be lost迷路，丢失
get/be dressed给……穿衣服
(1)The play Death of a Salesman discusses the ways to get promoted in a company.
(2011·山东，阅读A)
戏剧《推销员之死》讨论了在公司里如何获得提升的方法。
(2)It’s your time to perform. You’d better ________________.
该你上场表演了，你最好换一下衣服。
(3)He is too young and has to be dressed.
他太小，还得别人给他穿衣服。
3.take up拿起；开始；继续；占据；从事
take back收回
take in收留；欺骗
take 　　　　脱下；起飞；(事业)腾飞，走红
take on开始雇用
take over接管
(1)They are among the growing number of Americans who，driven by higher living costs and a falling economy，have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time.
(2011·新课标全国卷，阅读C)
他们受高消费和正在衰落的经济的驱使，已首次成为从事蔬菜种植的日益增多的美国人中的一员。
(2)Visiting Grandfather will take up the whole of Sunday.
去看爷爷会花去整个星期天。
(3)The square which is in front of my house ________________ 10,000 square metres.
我家前面的广场占地10 000平方米。
4.come up with提出；想出；赶上
come off it！别吹牛了！别胡闹了！别装蒜了！
come 　　　　出版；结果是；出来
come across(偶然)遇到
Come on！(用于鼓励)加油！；(打架时激对方的话)来啊！过来！别装腔！得了吧！
(1)A recent study of ancient and modern elephants has come up with the unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is divided into two distinct species.
(2011·湖南，阅读C)
一项最近对古代和现代大象的研究提出了一个非洲大象被分成两种不同的物种的令人意想不到的结论。
(2)She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.
她想出了一个增加销售量的新招。
(3)________________！Let’s race to the end of the road.
来吧！让我们赛跑到路的尽头。
5.As long as I get good marks in my tests，it doesn’t matter if I can speak English or not.只要我在考试中取得高分，会不会说英语就没什么关系了。
句式提取：It doesn’t matter (to sb.)＋从句
句式中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句，意为“……(对某人来说)没关系，不要紧”。
与matter有关的用法：
(1)to make 　　　　 worse更糟糕的是
What’s the matter (with sb.)？(某人)怎么了？(某人)有什么麻烦？
(2)It is/makes no matter＋wh-从句　……不成问题
It matters (to sb.) wh-从句/if或whether从句,(对某人来说)……很重要(通常用于否定句)
(1)It doesn’t matter if they want to come to your party，does it？(2011·上海，30)
他们是否想来参加你的晚会无关紧要，对吗？
(2)________________ (makes no difference) whether she will come or not.
她是否来这儿无关紧要。
(3)I don’t care what it looks—what matters is that it works well.
我不在乎它好看不好看——要紧的是它要好用。
6.I find painting or drawing very relaxing.我发觉得画画令人放松。
句式提取：find＋宾语＋宾语补足语
“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”指不知不觉地发现某人/某事(物)处于某种情况中，多表
示意料之外的情况，可用形容词、介词短语、现在分词及过去分词作宾补。,
其后跟复合宾语的动词还有：see，hear，watch，notice，have等。
(1)You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station which you can hire to reach your host family. (2011·上海，39)
你将发现出租车在车站等着，你可以乘坐出租车，它会把你带到你的主人家。
(2)Peter，who was usually shy，________________________ to the girls.
彼得通常很怕羞，却发现自己不知不觉中已在跟女孩子们说话。
(3)When day broke，the soldiers found themselves at the top of the mountain.
天亮时，战士们发现自己已到了山顶。
7.Usually，it’s so crowded that I can’t find anywhere to sit.地铁常常那么拥挤以致
于我找不到地方坐。
句式提取：so...that...
(1)It was so cold outside that we put the box indoors. (2011·新课标全国卷，阅读A)
室外是如此寒冷以致于我们把箱子放在室内了。
(2)He was ________________________ he could not speak.
他兴奋得连话都说不出来了。
(3)I ate so much food that I was almost sick.
我吃的太多了，差点呕吐。
思考题：表达“如此……以致于”的such句型：___________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
8.We don’t have the same work hours that office workers in the city have.我们和在办公室工作的人的时间不同。
句式提取：the same (...) that/as...
先行词之前有the same作定语时，引导定语从句的关系代词只能是that或as：
(1)the same (...) that意为“和……一样”，定语从句中that所指代的人或物与先行词是同一个。
(2)the same (...) as...意为“和……一样，和……相似”，定语从句中as所指代的人或物与先行词是同一类。
(1)However，it does not provide the same family atmosphere as an ordinary homestay and may not benefit those who need to practise English at home quite as much.
(2011·天津，阅读A)
然而，它没有提供和一般的当地居民家居住所提供的一样的家庭气氛，可能不利于那些需要在家尽可能多地练习英语的人。
(2)I bought ________________ car ________ you did.
我买了一辆车，和你的一模一样。
(3)Our English teacher wore the same clothes that he did yesterday.
我们英语老师穿着昨天的那件衣服。
9.How about planning a weekend bike trip？安排一次周末自行车旅行怎么样？
句式提取：How about＋名词/代词/动名词？
“How about＋名词/代词/动名词？”常用来征求意见、提建议或询问消息等。“What about...？”也有此用法。
How come...？怎么会……？
How so？怎么会这样？
How is it for...？……怎么样？……如何？
(1)We know the famous ones—the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells—but what about the less famous inventors？ (2011·江苏，阅读A)
我们知道像爱迪生和贝尔这样的名人，但是不出名的发明家呢？
(2)What/How about a game of chess?
下盘棋怎样？
(3)________________________ Tuesday then?
那么周二怎么样？
对点自测
Ⅰ.选词填空

1.Don’t play with the sharp knife，or you may ________________.
2.Many experts in the meeting ________________________ a lot of solutions to the environmental problems.
3.The alarm ________________ when the thieves got in.
4.I’ll ________________ the story where I finished yesterday.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.他匆忙赶到那里，却发现他们都出去了。
He hurried there，but ________________________________.
2.她穿的衣服和我穿的完全一样。
She was wearing ________________________________________________.
3.你做什么或去什么地方，对我都无关紧要。
________________________________________ what you do or where you go.
4.我出了那么多错以致于考试不及格。
I ________________________________________ I failed in the exam.
5.去散步好吗？
________________________________ for a walk?
Ⅲ.单项填空
1.As we joined the big crowd I got ________ from my friends.
A.separated B.spared
C.lost D.missed
2.This was a really difficult question，but a little boy________ a good answer.
A.came up to B.came out
C.came up with D.came round
3.When he looked up，he suddenly found himself ________ by a group of teenagers，________ looked at him anxiously.
A.to be surrounded；which
B.surrounded；who
C.be surrounded；who
D.having been surrounded；which
4.If you don’t keep the meat in the refrigerator on such a hot day, it may ________.
A.go out B.go away
C.go off D.go down
5.Helen always helps her mother even though going to school ______ most of her day.
A.takes up B.makes up
C.saves up D.puts up
6.—What’s________ with you?
—I have a cold.
A.matter B.the matter
C.the wrong D.trouble
7.The Great Wall is ________ tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year.
A.so a well-known B.a so well-known
C.such well-known a D.such a well-known
8.—I have learned that it is not easy to get on well with the new boss.
—________？I think that I only need to do my own job well.
A.So what B.What for
C.What if D.How come
9.Beijing was attacked by the same terrible storm________ a lot of people living along the coast had ever experienced before.
A.as B.and it was
C.that D.which
英语句子的成分
组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、补足语、状语、定语、同位语等。
一、主语
主语(subject)是一个句子的主题，是句子所描述的主体，它的位置一般在句首。可用作主语的有名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词或从句等。
A tree has fallen across the road.
一棵树倒下横在路上。(名词)
You’re not far wrong.你差不多对了。(代词)
Three is enough.三个就够了。(数词)
The idle are forced to work.
懒汉被迫劳动。(名词化的形容词)
To find your way can be a problem.
你能否找到路可能是一个问题。(不定式)
Watching a film is pleasure，and making one is hard work.
看电影是乐事，制作影片则是苦事。(动名词)
Whenever you are ready will be fine.
你无论什么时候准备好都行。(从句)
二、谓语
谓语(predicate)或谓语动词(predicate verb)的位置一般在主语之后。谓语由简单动词或动词短语(助动词或情态动词＋主要动词)构成。
1.由简单的动词构成。如：
He worked hard all day today.他今天苦干了一天。
2.由动词短语构成的谓语。如：
Great changes have taken place in China since 1980.
自从1980年中国发生了很大变化。
3.英语中常用某些动作名词代替表动态的谓语动词。这种动作名词之前常用没有多大意义的动词have，get，take，give等。如：
I had a swim yesterday.
我昨天游了一次泳。(had a swim代替了swam)
三、表语
表语的功能是表述主语的特征、状态、身份等，位于连系动词be，become，get，look，grow，turn，seem等之后，与之构成系表结构。可以作表语的词有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句等。
The wedding was that Sunday.
婚礼是在那个星期天举行的。(名词)
So that’s that.就是这样。(代词)
We are seven.我们一共7人。(数词)
Are you busy？你有空吗？(形容词)
Are you there？你在听吗？(电话用语)(副词)
All I could do was to wait.我只能等待。(不定式)
Complimenting (赞美，祝贺) is lying.
恭维就是说谎。(动名词)
I’m very pleased with what he has done.
我对他所做的很满意。(过去分词)
She is in good health.她很健康。(介词短语)
Is that why you were angry?
这就是你发怒的原因吗？(从句)
四、宾语
宾语(object)表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词或介词之后。
可以用作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、名词化的分词、从句等。
Do you fancy a drink？你想喝一杯吗？(名词)
They won’t hurt us.他们不会伤害我们。(代词)
If you add 5 to 5，you get 10.
5加5等于10。(数词)
I shall do my possible.
我将尽力而为。(名词化形容词)
He left there last week.
他上个星期离开了那里。(副词)
Does she really mean to leave home?
她真的要离开家吗？(不定式)
He never did the unexpected.
他从不做使人感到意外的事。(名词化的分词)
Do you understand what I mean?
你明白我的意思吗？(从句)
扩展　宾语中有些动词需要两个同等的宾语，即直接宾语(direct object)与间接宾语(indirect object)。直接宾语一般指动作的承受者，间接宾语指动作所指向的或所为的人和物(多指人)，后接双宾语的及物动词常用的有：bring，buy，find，get，give，lend，make，offer等，间接宾语一般与直接宾语连用，通常放在直接宾语之前。
五、补足语
补足语(complement)是一种补足主语和宾语意义的句子成分。名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语等皆可作补足语。
He was elected chairman of the company.
他当选为公司主席。(名词作主语补足语)
He was once again found wandering along the city street.
有人再次发现他流浪在城市街头。(现在分词作主语补足语)
I found the book very interesting.
我发现那本书很有趣。(形容词作宾语补足语)
The comrades wanted Dr.Bethune to take cover.
同志们要白求恩大夫隐蔽一下。(不定式作宾语补足语)
六、定语
定语(attribute)是用来说明名词(代词)的品质与特征的词或一组词。可用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等。
She is a natural musician.
她是一位天生的音乐家。(形容词作定语)
a baby girl女婴(名词用作定语)
Your hair needs cutting.
你该理发了。(代词用作定语)
There’s only one way to do it.
做此事只有一个办法。(数词用作定语)
the room above楼上的房间(副词作定语)
That’s the way to do it.
那正是做此事的方法。(不定式用作定语)
a walking stick拐杖(动名词用作定语)
a sleeping child正在睡觉的小孩
a retired worker一个退休工人(分词充当定语)
The wild look in his eyes spoke plainer than words.
他那凶狠的目光说得再清楚不过了。(介词短语用作定语)
Your car，which I noticed outside，has been hit by another one.我在外面看见你的汽车了，它被另一辆车撞了。(从句用作定语，即定语从句)
七、同位语
对句子中某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面名词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。同位语常常置于被说明的词之后。可以作同位语的有名词、代词、数词和从句等。
We have two children，a boy and a girl.
我们有两个孩子，一男一女。(名词用作同位语)
They all wanted to see him.
他们都想见他。(代词用作同位语)
Are you two ready?
你们俩准备好了吗？(数词用作同位语)
The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.明天放假的消息不确切。(从句用作同位语，即同位语从句)
八、状语
1.状语(adverbial)是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分。可用作状语的有副词、名词、代词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等。副词最常用作状语，位置比较灵活，可置于句末、句首和句中。
He speaks the language badly but reads it well.
这种语言，他讲得不好，但读的不错。
Naturally we expect hotel guests to lock their doors.当然我们期望旅馆的旅客把房门锁上。
2.状语按用途来分，可以分为时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、程度、伴随等。
(1)时间状语，多位于句末和句首，有时亦可置于句中。
Shall we do the shopping today or tomorrow?
(2)地点状语，多置于句末，有时也位于句首和句中。
There are plenty of fish in the sea.
(3)原因状语，包括表示理由的状语，多置于句末，有时亦可置于句首。
Because he was ill，Tom lost his job.
(4)结果状语，多由不定式、分词和从句表示，常位于句末。
She woke suddenly to find someone standing in the doorway.
(5)目的状语，多由不定式、介词短语和从句等表示，常位于句末，强调时可以置于句首。
In order to get into a good school，I must study even harder.
(6)条件状语，多由短语和从句表示，常置于句末和句首。
If he were to come，what should we say to him?
(7)让步状语，由短语和从句表示，常置于句末和句首。
He helped me although he didn’t know me.
(8)程度状语，常由副词、介词短语及从句等表示。
The lecture is very interesting.
(9)伴随状语，常由短语和独立主格等表示。常置于句末和句首。
My train starts at six，arriving at Chicago at ten.

Book 1　Unit 1　Lifestyles
Ⅰ.单项填空(建议用时8′)
1.—What did your mother get from the market this morning，Mike?
—She got three________.
A.fish B.fishes C.pork D.porks
2.—Didn’t you have a good time at the party?
—Of course I did. As a matter of fact, I had such fun that time seemed to ________ so quickly.
A.go by B.go away
C.go out D.go over
3.He has recently ______ golf providing himself with some relaxation.
A.taken up B.taken on
C.taken over D.taken in
4.Your cheque must have ________ lost in the past.
A.had B.got
C.become D.turned
5.—Oh，sorry.I took your dictionary by mistake.
—________.
A.That’s right B.It doesn’t matter
C.You’re welcome D.Never think about it
6.—John！Is this bag yours?
—Yes.It is the same bag ________ I lost yesterday.Where did you find it？
A.which B.as C.that D.so
7.The scientists are beating their brains trying to ________ with a solution to the problem.
A.end up B.come up
C.catch up D.put up
8.A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________ in the kitchen.
A.smoke B.smoking
C.to smoke D.smoked
9.Miss Gao asked a question，but it was ________ that nobody could answer it.
A.very difficult B.too difficult
C.difficult enough D.so difficult
10.—Have you finished your homework?
—Yes.________？
A.How about you B.How come
C.How so D.How about it
11.At first，the speaker was referring to the problem of pollution in the country but halfway in his speech, he suddenly________to another subject.
A.devoted B.switched
C.attached D.transmitted
12.—You________part in the party on time.
—Sorry，I was delayed by the accident.
A.are supposed to take
B.have supposed to take
C.are supposed to have taken
D.has supposed to take
13.It is said that the mountain is more beautiful________.
A.in the distance B.in a distance
C.at the distance D.within a distance
14.I suffered a lot________smoking, so I gave________last year.
A.to；it up B.to；up it
C.from；it up D.from；up it
15.He prefers________indoors________out this afternoon.
A.to stay；to go B.staying；to going
C.staying；to go D.to stay；to going
Ⅱ.完形填空(建议用时17′)
Compassion is a desire within us to help others.With effort，we can__1__compassion into action.An__2__last weekend showed me this is true.I work part-time in a supermarket across from a building for the__3__.These old people are our main customers，and it’s not hard to lose__4__over their slowness.But last Sunday，one aged gentleman appeared to teach me a(n)__5__lesson.This untidy man walked up to my register(收款机)with a box of biscuits.He said he was out of__6__，had just moved into his room，and had__7__in his cupboards.He asked if we could let him have the food on__8__.He promised to repay me the next day.
I couldn’t help staring at him.I__9__what kind of person he had been ten or twenty years before，and what he would be like if luck had gone his__10__.I had a hurt in my heart for this kind of human soul，all__11__in the world.I told him that I was__12__，but store rules didn’t allow me to do so.I felt stupid and unkind saying this，__13__I valued my job.
Just then，another man，standing__14__the first，spoke up.If anything，he looked more pitiable.“Charge it to me，”was all he said.
What I had been feeling was pity.__15__is soft，safe and easy.Compassion，on the other hand，is caring in__16__.I thanked the second man but told him that was not__17__either.Then I reached into my__18__and paid for the biscuits myself.I reached into my pocket__19__these two men had reached into my heart and taught me__20__.
1.A.translate B.transfuse
C.transform D.transport
2.A.examination B.experience
C.exchange D.exception
3.A.youngsters B.elderly
C.customers D.kids
4.A.temper B.money
C.patience D.appetite
5.A.sensible B.reasonable
C.available D.valuable
6.A.food B.water
C.cash D.breath
7.A.everything B.anything
C.something D.nothing
8.A.pay B.service
C.trust D.business
9.A.wondered B.imagined
C.declared D.concluded
10.A.life B.heart C.hope D.way
11.A.alone B.afraid
C.absent D.absurd
12.A.sorry B.crazy C.clumsy D.angry
13.A.and B.so C.but D.then
14.A.before B.behind
C.beside D.below
15.A.Curiosity B.Generosity
C.Pity D.Harmony
16.A.action B.convenience
C.courage D.correction
17.A.decided B.appreciated
C.expected D.allowed
18.A.pocket B.wallet C.register D.box
19.A.while B.when C.because D.if
20.A.decision B.compassion
C.regulation D.affection
Ⅲ.阅读理解(建议用时7′)
With the Tesla Roadster and other plug-in (插入式) electric vehicles hitting the road，demand is growing for accessible refueling points to recharge them.Carbon Day Automotive，a Chicago-based company，has now demonstrated a solar-powered recharging point，known as the Solar Plug-In Station，which lets motorists easily charge their cars using electricity that has been produced without any environmental damage.
The Solar Plug-In Station has gone on show in Chicago as part of the city’s bid to host the 2016 Olympic Games.According to Carbon Day Automotive，the Solar Plug-In Station on show in Chicago is part of the vital infrastructure(基础设施) required for electric vehicles in Chicago and was the focus of a recent visit by the International Olympic Committee.
These solar-powered electricity points will be used daily to fuel the city’s electric vehicles with power from the sun.By producing the electricity from pollution-free solar cell，the CO2 emissions are reduced to zero.
“Solar energy and electric vehicles are a partnership that is one more step to reducing our dependence on foreign oil，” says Richard Lowenthal，CEO of Coulomb Technologies.Coulomb Technologies recently developed the components (部件) required for individual recharging stations，marketed as ChargePoint Networked Charging Stations.Carbon Day Automotive is the Midwest distributor for the ChargePoint stations.
The Solar Plug-In Station consists of giant solar panels (电池板) that shade the tiny ChargePoint Networked Charging Station.The solar panel is connected to an underground battery pack，ready for everyday refueling.
“Without these stations it would be like driving around in a traditional car without the availability of gas stations，” says Scott Emalfarb，CEO at Carbon Day.“The day of true plug-in electric vehicles will be here sooner than most people realize and the world needs to be ready to accommodate them.”
1.The Solar Plug-In Station is used as part of the bid to host the Olympics mainly because ________.
A. it’s environmentally friendly
B.it makes up for the lack of electricity
C.it’s a new idea and attracts people’s attention
D.it brings convenience to electric vehicle users
2.We can learn from the passage that ________.
A.to recharge the electric vehicles takes a long time
B.the Solar Plug-In Station will come into use in 2016
C.the Solar Plug-In Station has gone on show internationally
D.Chicago is promoting the use of electric vehicles
3.According to the passage，how many of the following statements are TRUE?
a.Tesla Roadster is a kind of plug-in electric vehicle.
b.The Solar Plug-In Station uses solar power to charge all of the cars.
c.Chicago is a city，which is rich in oil.
d.The Solar Plug-In Station consists of underground battery packs.
e.Scott Emalfarb is optimistic about the future of plug-in electric vehicles.
　A.3. B.2. C.4. D.5.
4.The passage implies that when the Solar Plug-In Station becomes popular，________.
A.more visitors will come to Chicago
B.more space for electric vehicles will be needed
C.the citizens of Chicago will be able to go to work faster
D.the cost of electric vehicles will be lower than traditional cars
答案
Ⅰ. 1.A　2.A　3.A　4.B　5.B　6.C　7.B　8.B　9.D　10.A　
11.B　12.C　13.A　14.C　15.B　
Ⅱ.1.A　2.B　3.B　4.C　5.D　6.C　7.D　8.C　9.A　10.D　
11.A　12.A　13.C　14.B　15.C　16.A　17.D　18.A　19.C　20.B　
Ⅲ.1.A　2.D　3.A　4.B　
复习讲义参考答案
重点单词
1.Suppose/Supposing
2.Switch off
3.suffer from
4.preferred；to
5.in support of　
6.otherwise/or
7.in the distance
对点自测
Ⅰ.1.distance　2.switch　3.support　4.preference　5.supposed　6.suffering　7.otherwise
Ⅱ.1.B　2.A　3.D　4.A　5.D　6.B　7.B
短语与句式
1.over；Go over
2.get changed
3.off；takes up
4.out；Come on
5.matters；It doesn’t matter
6.found himself talking
7.so excited that
思考题　such＋a(an)＋adj.＋单数可数名词＋that.../such＋adj.＋不可数名词＋that.../such＋adj.＋复数可数名词＋that...
8.the same；as
9.How is it for
对点自测
Ⅰ.1.get hurt　2.came up with　3.went off　4.take up
Ⅱ.1.found them all out　2.exactly the same dress as I was　3.It doesn’t matter to me　4.made so many mistakes that　5.How/What about going
Ⅲ.1.A　2.C　3.B　4.C　5.A　6.B　7.D　8.D　9.A
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