资源简介

(共20张PPT)
UNIT 5 Education
Lesson 3 Understanding
New Words
● obvious / b vi s/ adj. 显然的，明显的；易理解的
obviously adv 显然地，（用于强调）显然，显而易见
●analysis / n l s s/ n. 分析
●analyses 复数形式
●analyse vt. 分析，剖析
●rank /r k/ n. 等级
hold an important rank 占据重要的地位
●in the front rank 著名；在前列
●royal r l/ adj. 皇家的；王室的
●royal court宫廷
●inefficient / n f n t/ adj. 效率低的
●efficient adj. 生效的，效率高的
●efficiently adv.高效地
●efficiency n.效率，效能
●worthy / w i/ adj. 有价值的；值得尊敬的
●worth adj. 值……钱的; 值得……的
●worthwhile adj. 值得花时间/金钱/精力的
●church /t t / n. 教会；教堂
●go to church 去教堂做礼拜
●at church / in church 做礼拜
●universe / ju n v s/ n. 宇宙
●primitive / p r m t v/ adj. 原始的
●BCE ( before Common Era) 公元前
●BC 公元前
●AD公元
●approve / p ru v/ vt. 赞成；赞许；批准
●approval n. 赞成, 同意; 批准; 认可
●meet with sb.’s approval
●得到某人的批准
●win/earn sb.’s approval
赢得某人的同意
●urge / d / vt. 强烈要求；敦促
●urgent adj.紧急的，急迫的；急切的
●urgently adv. 紧急地
●urgency n. 紧急；催促紧急的事
●
●prison / p r z n/ n. 监狱
●put sb in / into prison 把某人投进监狱
●abandon / b n d n/ vt. 放弃；抛弃
●assumption / s m p n/ n. 假定，假设
●assumption of risk 承担风险
●assumption of duty 就职；任职
●assume v. 假定，假设，认为；装出，
●assume responsibility 承担责任
●respected /r s pe k t d/ adj. 受尊敬的，受敬重的
●respect n.尊敬，敬重
●respectable adj.值得尊敬的
●wisdom / w z d m/ n. 智慧
●owe / / vt. 有……是由于；把……归功于
owing adj. 欠着的; 未付的
●owing to = because of/ due to/ on account of 因为, 由于
●shadow / d / n. 阴影
●conventional /k n ven n l/ adj. 守旧的；传统的
●conventional thought 传统思想
●kingdom / k d m/ n. 王国
●civilisation / s v la ze n/ n. 文明
●civil adj. 公民的，国民的，国内的
●vital / va tl/ adj. 极其重要的，必不可少的
●beneficial / be n f l/ adj.有利的,有帮助的
●benefit n. 好处，益处；v. 对（某人）有用，使受益
●mankind /m n ka n d/ n. 人类(共52张PPT)
UNIT 5 Education
Lesson 3 Understanding
Lesson 3
课文
1 Pair Work
Which of the following may help you acquire knowledge more effectively
下列哪项可以帮助你更有效地获取知识
Discuss in pairs and give explanations.
两人一组讨论并给出解释。
to be interested in the topic；
对某个话题感兴趣，
to ask questions；
会问问题，
to discuss topics with friends；
会和朋友讨论话题;
to be relaxed and happy；
放松和快乐，
to have time to think about what you have learnt；
有时间思考你所学到的东西;
2 Read paragraph 1.
阅读第1段。
According to the writer, how do we acquire knowledge and achieve understanding
作者认为，我们如何获得知识和获得理解
Complete the flow chart.
完成流程图。
It seems obvious now [how we acquire knowledge and understanding].
今天，如何获取知识、认识世界，显而易见人人皆知。
To start with, we need questions.
首先，我们需要问题。
Then, to find answers, we observe the world around us and study the facts.
然后，为了寻找答案，我们观察周围的世界并研究相关事实。
it是形式主语，真正的主语是
how we acquire knowledge and understanding
After that, we consider possible answers and test each to find the right ones.
之后，我们思考可能的答案并逐个验证，以找到正确答案。Although today we are more used to typing a few key words into a search engine and waiting for the Internet to give us an answer, modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the world’s problems with this type of analysis—luckily for us.
尽管我们现在更习惯于在搜索引擎中敲几个关键词，等待互联网为我们提供答案，但当代科学家、思想家仍采用这种分析方式来解决问题——我们应该为此感到庆幸。
However, in the 17th century when Francis Bacon (1561-1626) suggested [that this type of thinking was the way to gain knowledge], he was going against the views of the day.
17 世纪时，弗朗西斯·培根(1561—1626)提出用这种思考方式获取知识时，他的观点却与当时的观念背道而驰。
Although Bacon held an important rank in King James’ royal court of England, his true interest was not the day-to-day, slow and inefficient working style of the government, but the worthy search for knowledge.
尽管培根在英国国王詹姆斯的宫廷中位高权重，但他真正感兴趣的不是政府日复一日、拖拉、低效的工作作风，而是那些值得探索的知识。
This was certainly not the interest of most people in his days.
当然，这并不是他那个时代大多数人的兴趣所在。
who引导非限制性定语从句，对前面的人物补充说明。
that引导同位语从句，解释idea的内容
At that time, people believed more in the church than in facts, and people like Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), {who proved the idea [that “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”]}, were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence.
那时人们相信教会胜过相信事实，像伽利略·伽利莱(1564—1642)那样证明了“地球不是宇宙中心”的人物，往往会被教会惩罚，也没有人会为他们辩护。
The church and many people tended to ignore the facts and didn’t want to challenge [what they had always comfortably believed]. In fact, when Galilei proved [that the Earth was not the centre of the universe], instead of believing him, people chose to believe views [that were almost 2,000 years old]!
教会和多数人一样往往忽视事实，不愿意去挑战自己一直以来相信的东西。事实上，当伽利略证明地球不是宇宙的中心时，人们没有选择相信他，而宁愿相信2000年前的陈旧观点！
It is not surprising [that people wanted to believe these primitive ideas] as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle (384-322 BCE).
人们愿意相信伟大哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384—前322)提出的那些陈旧的观点，这一点并不奇怪。
He said [that the Earth must be the centre of the universe] because it felt like the Earth was standing still.
亚里士多德坚信[地球是宇宙的中心]，因为人们感觉地球是静止不动的。
It 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的
people wanted to believe these primitive ideas
Galilei disagreed.
但伽利略却不同意。
At first, people approved of his studies and urged him to continue, but later when he proved Aristotle wrong, they grew angry and put him in prison.
起初人们认可他的研究成果，催促他继续研究，但是当他证实亚里士多德有错时，人们生气了，并把他送进监狱。
They didn’t want to abandon [what they’d always thought as true]. And this is still often true today.
他们并不想放弃[自己一直认为正确的知识]。如今这种现象也很常见。
People make the assumption {that if someone important and respected says [that something is right], then it must be so}. But even though Aristotle was a great man [who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him], he was wrong at times.
人们会假设，{如果某个重要的、受人尊敬的人说[某事是对的]，那么它就一定是对的}。但即使是亚里士多德这样[曾鼓舞了无数科学家和哲学家的]伟大人物，有时也会犯错误。
{that}引导同位语从句，解释前面assumption的内容。
And Galilei also made mistakes.
伽利略自己也犯过错误。
He is now known as the father of astronomy but he believed [that the Earth moved round the sun in a perfect circle].
虽然他现在被称为天文学之父，但他认为[地球绕太阳旋转的轨迹是一个正圆]。
He was wrong.
他错了。
Therefore, our understanding of the world around us is constantly growing and changing.
In other words, we learn more every day and none of us can ever sit back and say, “We know it all.”
因此，我们对周围世界的认识在不断地增长、变化。
换句话说，我们每天都在学习更多的知识，谁也不能停止学习并且说：“我什么都知道了。”
We need to thank the great men of the past for their wisdom.
我们需要感谢先辈伟人的智慧。
They understood [that we don’t know everything and probably never will], as this would mean a world with questions.
他们早就知道，人不可能什么都懂，而且或许永远都不会知道所有的事情，也就是说世界总是充满问题的。
We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world to people like Bacon and Galilei,
我们对世界的认识和理解，很大程度上要归功于培根和伽利略这样的人，
{who were brave enough to step out from the shadows of conventional thought in order to find the kingdom of knowledge [that today’s civilisation is built upon]}.
{他们勇敢地走出了传统思想的阴影，只为了帮我们找到今日之文明赖以建立的知识王国 }。
who引导非限制性定语从句，
对前面的Bacon and Galilei补充说明
These men knew [that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for];
这些伟人懂得，知识和对世界的认识才是值得追求的；
more vital to a man, and more beneficial to mankind, some might say, than all the money in the world.
正如一些人所言，和全世界的金钱相比，这些对个人而言更重要，对全人类而言更有益。
Who questions much, shall learn much, and remember much.
—Francis Bacon
多问，多学，多得。
——弗朗西斯 培根
All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered; the point is to discover them.
—Galileo Galilei
所有的真理一旦被发现，都很容易理解。最难的是发现真理。
——伽利略 伽利莱
2 Read paragraph 1.
阅读第1段。
According to the writer, how do we acquire knowledge and achieve understanding
作者认为，我们如何获得知识和获得理解
Complete the flow chart.
完成流程图。
To start with, we need ____________________.
首先，我们需要问题。Then, to find answers, we _______________________________
________________________.
然后，为了找到答案，我们观察周围的世界，研究事实。After that, we ___________________________________________
__________________________________________.
之后，我们考虑可能的答案，并对每个答案进行测试以找到正确的答案。
questions
and study the facts
observe the world around us
and test each to find the right ones
consider possible answers
3 Read paragraphs 2-3. Complete the sentences.
阅读第2-3段。完成句子。
1 Francis Bacon believed that the way to gain knowledge is ____________.
弗朗西斯·培根认为获得知识的方法就是思考。
But most people in his days believed __________________.
但在他那个时代，大多数人更相信宗教。
thinking
more in religion
2 Galileo Galilei proved that ____________________________
_____________________________________.
伽利略证明地球不是宇宙的中心。
But many people in his days ____________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________.
但在他那个时代，许多人倾向于忽视事实，不想挑战他们一直舒服地相信的东西。
the centre of the universe
the Earth was not
comfortably believed
tended to ignore the facts
and didn't want to challenge
what they had always
3 Aristotle's understanding of the universe was that
_________________________________________________________ because _______________________________________________.
亚里士多德对宇宙的理解是地球一定是宇宙的中心，因为他感觉地球是静止的。
the Earth must be the centre of the universe
it felt like the Earth was standing still
4 It is still often true today that ___________________
________________________________________________________.
人们不愿意放弃他们一直认为正确的东西，这在今天仍然经常是正确的。
abandon what they've always thought as true
people don't want to
4 Answer the questions.
回答问题。
Bacon held an important rank under King James (1566-1625) of England.
培根在英国国王詹姆斯(1566-1625)的统治下拥有重要的地位。
His true interest was the worthy search for knowledge
他真正的兴趣是对知识的有价值的探索。
1 What position did Bacon hold during his days and what was his true interest
培根在他的时代担任什么职务 他真正感兴趣的是什么
2 At first people approved of Galilei's studies, but later they got angry. Why
起初，人们赞成伽利莱的研究，但后来他们生气了。为什么
They didn't want to challenge what they had always thought was true.
他们不想挑战他们一直认为正确的东西。
3 Why did people choose to believe views that were about 2,000 years old
为什么人们选择相信大约有2000年历史的观点
Because they were unwilling to challenge what they had always comfortably believed.
因为他们不愿意去挑战他们一直深信不疑的东西。
No. Galilei made mistakes.
没有。伽利略犯了错误。
He believed that the Earth moved round the sun in a perfect circle. But he was wrong.
他相信地球围绕太阳在一个完美的圆上运行。但他错了。
4 Were great men in history always correct Give examples.
历史上的伟人总是正确的吗 给出例子。
5 According to the writer, will anyone be in the position to say "We know it all." Use examples to explain.根据作者的观点，会有人有资格说“我们知道一切”吗 用例子来解释。
None of us can say "we know it all". Bacon and Galilei knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for.
没有人能说“我们无所不知”。培根和伽利略知道，知识和理解是需要奋斗的。
5 Find out what each pronoun refers to in the text.
找出每个代词在文中指的是什么。
Example: After that, we consider possible answers and test each to find the right ones.
(Para.1) ones = answers
在此之后，我们考虑可能的答案并进行测试以找到正确的答案。
1 ...he was going against the views of the day.
……他违背了当时的观点。
(Para.2) he= _________________________.
2 This was certainly not the interest ...
这当然不是兴趣所在……
(Para.2) This= ___________________________.
3 ...what they had always comfortably believed.
他们一直相信的东西
(Para.2) they= ______________________________________.
Francis Bacon
search for knowledge
the church and most people
4 ...they grew angry and put him in prison.
……他们很生气，把他关进了监狱。
(Para.3) they= _________________.
5 ...then it must be so.
……那就一定是这样。
(Para.3) it= ____________________.
6 He is now known as...
他现在被称为……
(Para.3) He= _______________.
people
assumption
Galilei
6 Circle the linking words in the text that the writer used in order to express his/ her opinion coherently.
圈出文章中作者为了连贯地表达他/她的观点而使用的连接词。
Understanding Coherence in Context在语境中理解连贯性
The repetition of key terms or phrases makes meaning coherent in a text.
关键术语或短语的重复可以使文章的意思连贯。
The use of synonyms and antonyms helps enhance coherence in a text.
同义词和反义词的使用有助于增强文章的连贯性。
Understanding Coherence in Context在语境中理解连贯性
Linking words such as since, so, afterwards, then, although, but, however, etc. can help connect meanings in sentences.
例如since, so, afterwards, then, although, but, however等连接词可以帮助连接句子中的意思。Pronouns such as he, she, it, they etc. help carry meaning on into the next point in a text.
代词如he, she, it, they等有助于将意义延伸到文章的下一点。
6 Circle the linking words in the text that the writer used in order to express his/ her opinion coherently.
圈出文章中作者为了连贯地表达他/她的观点而使用的连接词。
to start with ; then;
after that ; however;
at that time ; at first;
later ; therefore;
in other words
7 Group Work Think and share.
思考和分享。
1 What do you think the last sentence of the passage means
你认为这篇文章的最后一句话是什么意思
2 What is the writer's attitude towards the way to acquire knowledge
作者对获取知识的方式的态度是什么
How did the writer make his her opinion clear to the readers
作者是如何向读者阐明自己的观点的
Underline the expressions that show the writer's attitude.
在表达作者态度的词语下面画线。
8 The following sentences all contain false information.
下列句子都含有错误的信息。
Use the words and phrases below to correct them.
用下面的单词和短语改正它们。
inefficient；
approve of；
didn't want to；abandon；
constantly growing and changing；
continue；
低效的;
赞成的;
不想的;
放弃;
不断成长变化;
继续;
1
In Bacon's days, the working style of the government was very efficient.
在培根的时代，政府的工作方式非常高效。
In Bacon's days, the working style of the government was very ________________.
在培根的时代，政府的工作方式非常低效。
inefficient
2
People were strongly against Galilei's studies at first and then they urged him to give up.
人们起初强烈反对伽利雷的研究，后来他们敦促他放弃。
People __________________ Galilei's studies at first and then they urged him to _____________.
人们起初赞成伽利雷的研究，后来又鼓励他继续下去。
approved of
continue
3
Our understanding of the world is stable.
我们对世界的理解是稳定的。
Our understanding of the world is __________________
________________________________.
我们对世界的理解是不断增长和变化的。
growing and changing
constantly
4
People in the past were willing to give up what they had always thought as true.
过去的人们愿意放弃他们一直认为是正确的东西。
People in the past ______________________________ what they had always thought as true.
过去的人们不想放弃他们一直认为正确的东西。
didn't want to abandon
10 Group Work Look at the three critical thinking questions below. Prepare at least two more questions you can ask about this passage. Then ask and answer the questions in groups.
看看下面的三个批判性思维问题。准备至少两个关于这篇文章的问题。然后分组提问和回答问题。
Why did the writer write this passage
作者为什么写这篇文章 How do I know what I'm reading is true
我怎么知道我读到的是真的 What is the relationship between the ideas in the text
文章中观点之间的关系是什么 (共14张PPT)
UNIT 5 Education
Lesson 3 Understanding
课本习题
3
课本47页3. Complete Chen Yang's presentation of the ways we acquire knowledge
with the correct fomm of the phrases below.
scientific method conventional wisdom
ancient philosopher make assumption acquire knowledge and understanding their theories
Respected 1—————————————— had their theories about howthings worked. Even though most of__________________
have been proved wrong, the influence of their workis still felt today.
ancient philosopher
Their theories
It is interesting to read how we3 ————————--————————————
Today, scientists use 4 ———————————to analyse how people learn. They start by 5 ________________and then try to prove them.
acquire knowledge and understanding .
scientific method
make assumption
6________________________says that we should study hard, and this is true, but almost everyone agrees that we perform better when we are relaxed and happy.
conventional wisdom
课本84页3. Lesson 3 Choose a word below to replace the words and phrases in italics in the conversation.
primitive church analysis urge
owe universe assumption vital
A：We're so lucky to live in the modern world. We know so much more aboutscience and nature now. People had rather 1 basic beliefs in the past.
primitive
B:Yes, that's true. There were alotof misunderstandings about science and the world hundreds of years ago, the 2 idea which was thought to be true that the Earth was flat, for exemple.
assumption
A：Thankfully the the stars and planets has developed so much now.We 3 are in debt to a lot of people like Galileo for standing up against the 4 religious organisaticn which refused to believe that the Earth wasn't the centre of the 5 planets and stars.
owe
church
universe
B:We should remember though that in the future people might also think we knew very little. Perhaps our 6 studies and examinations of some basic scientific principles are incorrect.
analysis
A : That's so strange to think! Of course that is why it is 7absolutely important that we always keep learning and questioning.
vital
B:Yes, I always 8 advise and try to persuade people to use their critical thinking skills and keep an open mind.
urge(共14张PPT)
UNIT 5 Education
Lesson 3 Understanding
Lesson 3
重点词汇
obvious / b vi s/ adj. 显然的，明显的；易理解的
it is obvious that 显然……It is obvious that you do not hold the same opinion.
很明显你的观点不同。It is obvious that smoking does harm to our health.
很显然吸烟对健康有害。
obviously adv. （用于强调）显然，显而易见
obviously adv. 显然，明显地
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) 很明显他在说谎。
_____________________ he is telling a lie.
2) 这个问题的答案对他来说再清楚不过了。
The answer to the question could not be ___________________.
3) 那个小女孩眼里含着泪。很明显，她很伤心。
The little girl was in tears. _________, she was very upset.
It is obvious that
more obvious to him
Obviously
rank /r k/ n. 等级
in rank 成队列；排队Options in rank order, best to worst.
按照从最佳到最劣的顺序。rank with 与……并列He can never take rank with the great writers.
他绝不能与伟大的作家相提并论。in the front rank 著名；在前列Britain is no longer in the front rank of world powers.
英国再也不是位于前列的世界强国。
worthy / w i/ adj. 有价值的；值得尊敬的
His behavior is worthy of great praise.
Their efforts are worthy of your support.
Hank was the worthy winner of the competition. John felt that he had done something which, he believed, was worthy.
be worthy of 值得；配得上的If you be loved, be worthy of love.
如果有人爱你，你就该做个值得爱的人。
Worthy death 死得其所Devoted to the interests of the motherland, is It is a worthy death.
为祖国的利益而献身，就是死得其所。
worthy / w i/ adj. 有价值的；值得尊敬的
worthwhile adj. 重要的，有益的，值得做的be worthwhile to 做……是值得的It should always be worthwhile to listen to and understand other opinions.
别人的观点总是值得倾听和认真理解的。
worthless adj. 无价值的，没用处的
1) worth adj. 值……钱的; 值得……的
be worth＋
钱(价值数量词) 值多少钱
doing 值得做(用主动语态表被动)
be well worth doing 很值得做
worth, worthy, worthwhile
2) worthy adj. 值得的
值得做
of sth.
of being done
to be done
be worthy ＋
3) worthwhile adj. 值得花时间/金钱/精力的
It is worthwhile /worth one’s while to do /doing sth.
值得花时间(精力、钱)去做某事
abandon / b n d n/ vt. 放弃；抛弃
with abandon 恣意地，放纵地They were smoking and drinking with abandon.
他们肆意抽烟、喝酒。
abandon oneself to 沉溺于I've met much difficulties, but I don't abandon myself to despair.
我也遇到过很多困难，但是我没有气馁，没有自暴自弃，没有泄气。
abandoned adj. 被抛弃的, 废弃的
eg There was an abandoned house in the forest.
【语境应用】单句语法填空
1) Feeling frustrated, I found myself abandoning myself to __________ (play) computer games.
2) He owned a farm, which looked almost ____________ (abandon)．
3) That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or _____________(abandon) phone calls altogether. (2019 北京)
playing
abandoned
abandoning
assumption / s m p n/ n. 假定，假设
assumption of risk 承担风险assumption of duty 就职；任职
assume v. 假定，假设，认为；装出，做出assume responsibility 承担责任I made a mistake and I will assume responsibility for it.
我错了，我愿为此承担责任。
beneficial / be n f l/ adj. 有利的，有帮助的
benefit n. 好处，益处；v. 对（某人）有用，使受益benefit from 得益于；得利于Young people benefit from various kinds of outdoor activities.
年轻人能从各种户外活动中受益。Children of every age benefit from patient parenting.
每个年龄段的孩子们都从耐心的养育中受益。

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