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专题 25 完形填空
知识贯通
一、完型填空之概述分析
“ 完型填空 ” (Cloze) 是初中英语试题考察的一种重要题型。事实证明，完型填空通常是同学们较难把握的题型之一，且失分率较高。它是对学生阅读能力，语法知识，逻辑推理以及分析归纳等综合能力的考查。因此，要做好完型填空，不仅要具备一定的词法、句法和惯用法等语法知识，而且还要具备阅读理解能力、综合分析能力和运用语言知识的实践能力。它旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型。它结合了单项选择题和短文填空的优点，既考查词语搭配、近义词辨异、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等，又考查了逻辑推理和事理推断能力。
“ 完形填空 ” 题要求填入的词主要有:
1. 语法结构所要求的功能词，如连接词、连接代词、连接副词、关系代词、关系副词等。
2. 具有语法变化的普通词，如动词的时态、语态、语气，名词的数，代词的格，形容词和副词的级等。
3. 固定搭配短语或词组中的特定词。
4. 同义词、近义词等易混淆词。
5. 根据上、下文意思及结构必须填入的确定词。
可见，完形填空是一种综合性较强的题型。它的突出特点是起点高、容量大。同学们只有具备了扎实的语言基本功、较好的阅读能力及归纳判断能力，才能适应这一题型。
完形填空题的考查目的 :
1. 考查同学们阅读理解能力。
2. 考查同学们语法知识。
3. 考查同学们综合运用英语知识的水平和实践能力。
二、完形填空题的命题特点
完形填空题是通过阅读考查学生语言知识及语言知识 综合运用能力的一种测试形式。命题人在一段难度适度的文章中留出 10 个空白，要求考生从所给的 A, B, C, D 四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使补足的短文意思通顺、结构完整。
完形填空是介于单项填空和阅读理解之间的一种题型。可以说它是根据一篇文章所提供的情景进行的选择填空，也可以说它是在缺少个别单词情况下的阅读理解。完形填空既有对语法规则、习惯用法和词语搭配的考查，又有对文章内容的通篇理解。完形填空主要考查以下三个方面的内容 :
1、词汇 :
此类题目考查的内容是 : 近义词的区别，词语的固定搭配和习惯用法。近几年陕西省中考题中的完型填空题考查的词汇类别涉及到名词、代词、动词、介词、连词、形容词、副词和短语动词。
2、语法 :
此类题目考查的是 : 各种语法规则在文章中的运用。其中包括名词的单复数，形容词、副词的比较等级，动词的时态和语态，介词、数词、代词和连词的用法，主谓一致，各种从句的用法等。
3、结构 :
此类题目考查的是 : 文章中间句子与句子之间，段落与段落之间，上文与下文之间的逻辑关系。
从设空的类型看可分为三个层次 :
1、句子层次
2、句组层次
3、全篇层次
设空的难度，从句子层次到句组层次，再到全篇层次，依次增加。
分析近几年的完形填空题，我们可以看出陕西省完形填空题的设空主要以句子层次为主，以句组层次为辅，几 乎没有全篇层次题目。因此总体难度较低。
三、完型填空之命题趋势剖析
　　完型填空要求考生不仅要会运用自己学过的词汇和语法知识妥善地处理好每个单句，理解语义，还要处理好单句之间以及单句完形填空题要求填入的词主要有：构成各种时态和用法区别的动词及短语动词；名词和介词；根据上下文意思及结构必须填入的形容词、副词、代词和连词；同义词、近义词等易混词。考查以实词为主，兼顾虚词和语法结构。难点主要集中在根据上下文作正确判断的词的用法上。
1. 题材：以故事性题材居多，历年中考故事小品类题材比例超过 50% ，故事往往具有幽默性或富有哲理，其他还有科普小品、文化体育、风土人情、人物、史地等。
2. 体裁：完形填空选文的体裁也值得一提，以记叙文居多，同样在近年中考考试中记叙文比例超过 50% 。其他还有说明文应用文、议论文等。
3. 命题形式：完型填空题的两空之间一般相隔 7—10 个词，短文首尾句一般不设填空题，每句中只有一个空。
4. 试题特点分析：分析近几年完型填空题可以发现以下一些规律： 1) 本题型设空以考查文意为主，也就是我们所说的 “ 实词 ” —— 名词、动词、形容词和副词等，比重极大，且有逐年增加的趋势。 2) 降低对单词本身词意的考查要求，以突出本题的主要测试目的：理解全文，通篇考虑，掌握大意，注重关联。 3) 增加了考查连词的题，涉及考生对于行文逻辑的掌握及文句之间关联的理解。 4) 注意结合文意考查对词语用法的掌握。主要涉及两个方面：词义辨析与惯用搭配。同义与近义词的比较分辨应当放到一定的语境之中才有意义。如果只是一一对应地背记单词的中文意思，不注意具体语境中单词的确切含意，是难以分辨一些词汇的细微差异的。
5. 题目的类型可分为：1) 语言知识型，如各种语法规则、句型、句式等；还包括词汇型，测试单词在一定语境下的基本用法、习惯用法、常用搭配以及对其词义的记忆或其特定意义的理解和灵活运用。 2) 判断推理型，考查对篇章的整体理解、上下文段落的衔接、逻辑思维与判断推理能力。 3) 综合型，即对知识和能力综合运用的考查。
四、完型填空之解题秘笈
　　考试 犹如打仗，方可谓 “ 知己知彼，百战不殆。 ” 在了解了出题的原则和规律后，明白题目的考查点，再配以好的解题方法和思路，做完型填空题就不会再是学生们过不去的槛。那么，做完型填空的解题秘笈和步骤是什么呢？
　　在做完型填空题时，通常先弄清语境，并依据上下文进行合理的分析、判断，才能作出恰当的选择。具体可分为以下三步：
　　 1. 通览全文，掌握大意。做题时，应先越过空档，通读全文，理顺题意，找出信息词。这是做好完形填空题的关键。因为完型填空的特点是着眼于整体理解。我们如果把短文比作环环相扣的链条，那么由于空格的设置， “ 链条 ” 从第二句起有些地方就脱节了。有些同学习惯于提笔就填或边读边填，急于求成，然而，欲速则不达。由于完形填空属障碍性阅读，所以抓住文章的首句 ( 段 ) 和尾句 ( 段 ) ，对把握文章的主旨和大意很有帮助，因为文章的首句是观察全文的 “ 窗口 ” ，尾句是文章的总结、结论或点睛之笔，会带给我们有益的启示，因此首先看一下文章的首句和尾句，使自己心中大概有个印象，我们应该依据首句给的启示，通过逻辑思维，借助短文中关键词所提供的信息，越过空档，尽快把全文读完，建立语言的整体感，帮助我们了解短文大意。然后再去通读全文，不失为一个窍门。通读全文的方式也可因文而异，对较易把握大意的文章可采用粗读、速读的方式；而对理解稍有吃力的文章不妨放慢读速、慎读，但不管怎样读，注意力都应集中在文章的主线 ( 或中心词 ) 、了解文章内容，从而确定进行推断、选择的基本思路。如果一开始就忙于见一空填一空，势必无法从整体上把握全文概要，造成顾此失彼，既影响准确率，也影响做题速度。
　　 2. 先易后难，完成各项。通览全文后，对文章有了整体印象，在此基础上，可以根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，分析这一空格处在句中的地位，前后的关系和它所起的作用，确定最佳答案。遇到困难，暂放一边，先易后难，这是解题之道。当遇到难以判断的空档时，不妨先放一边，继续往下做。因为有些答案是必须通过下文的理解后才能作出断定的。有时，前后信息之间还有相互提示作用。因此，当我们遇到难题时，不能久久停留于此，这样会浪费不必要的时间。本着先易后难的原则，先根据上下文和自己的语感，推测部分空格的可能答案。然后，再结合选项逐一敲定。综合考虑指的是根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则，把上下文的意思、句法结构、词类和语法功能、惯用法、逻辑推理常识等各种因素加在一起综合考虑，仔细推敲。要准确判断出题目的类型，语法知识类较多地表现为动词时态、语态的选用或句子成分的辨识；词语知识方面的题目要从词性、词形区分，同义词语辨析、习惯搭配、习惯用语、结构词选择等方面考虑；情景推理题要注重跳出句子层次，注意句间的结构、意义上的连接和照应关系，有时还应在段与段之间、情节与情节之间或更大范围内上下文照应，因此对短文作 “ 全景式 ” 的总体把握对每一空的正确解答非常重要。注意句型、语法、词语搭配和习惯用法。
　　 3. 复读全文，消除疏 漏。完成所有空档后，还要再次通读全文，看看这时的短文行文是否流畅，意义是否连贯，逻辑关系是否合理。复查时，可从语法入手，检查一下句子的时态、主谓一致、代词的性、数、格以及词语的搭配等是否正确。凡遇疑点，必须根据文章的中心思想，从意义、语法的角度来仔细权衡，除此之外，复读时对全篇文章的理解，检查全文是否前后贯通，再次将不合题意的答案调整或修改；如果实在无法确定，可以作推理性猜测，不可放弃不填。
真题盘点
（一）
Once there was a girl, named Kate. She was very polite and ready to help everybody. One day she found a pink paper bag on the way to school. She opened it and saw there was a lot of1in it. She thought she should hand it in to the teacher, so she2it in her schoolbag.
When she went to the teacher’s office, her teacher wasn’t3. As it was time for class, she hurried to the classroom.
After class, she told her friend, Mary, about the money that she4. Then, her greedy(贪婪的) friend took away the bag.
After school, Kate wanted to go to the5office again, but she found the money was missing.
The next day when the children were playing a game, Mary fell down and was hurt very badly. The other children stood around her and didn’t know6to do. Kate kept calm and did something to stop bleeding. She told the others to go to teachers for7. Soon a teacher took Mary to the8and the doctor examined her carefully. Within a week she was all right again. Kate became very popular in the school.
Two weeks later Mary came to Kate house. Her eyes were red. She was crying. She gave Kate the9paper bag with the money in it and said. ＂Kate, I have taken the money away. That day when you helped me, I felt very sad and now I decide to tell you the10, you are such a nice friend!11Please don’t tell the school about this please!＂ then Kate said, ＂you are now12, but you have done a bad thing. Though I will not tell anyone, I want you not to be greedy and13to do anything wrong.＂ The girl thanked Kate and14.
At the end of the term Kate was given a15for being a very helpful girl in the school. Mary became an honest girl and was never greedy again.
Once wrong, never be wrong forever.
1. A. bread B. money C. paper D. fruit
2. A. got B. caught C. kept D. sent
3. A. out B. away C. off D. in
4. A. found B. lost C. saved D. made
5. A. worker’s B. doctor’s C. teacher’s D. headmaster’s
6. A. how B. what C. when D. where
7. A. help B. treatment C. action D. leave
8. A. school B. classroom C. office D. hospital
9. A. red B. pink C. white D. black
10. A. lie B. story C. truth D. result
11. A. And B. But C. Or D. So
12. A. friendly B. polite C. generous D. honest
13. A. never B. seldom C. sometimes D. usually
14. A. got up B. woke up C. gave up D. cheered up
15. A. prize B. laugh C. joke D. reply
【文章大意】
短文讲述了两个小女孩的故事。乐于助人的凯特在路上捡到一个钱包，想交给老师，可是被自己的同学贪婪的玛丽拿走了。第二天，玛丽在玩耍时摔伤了，凯特帮她止血并让其他同学通知老师送玛丽去了医院。玛丽很受感动，给凯特讲明了真相。凯特告诉她，诚实很重要，不要再做错事。
1. B句意：她打开它，发现里面有很多钱。考查名词辨析题。根据下文After class, she told her friend, Mary, about the money that she found. Then, her greedy friend took away the bag.，可知袋子里面是钱，故选B。
2. C考查动词辨析。句意：她认为她应该把它交给老师，所以她把它放在书包里。A. got得到；B. caught接住；C. kept保持、保留；D. sent送、派遣。根据句意和语境可知keep符合句意，故选C。
3. D考查介词辨析。句意：当她去老师办公室时，她的老师不在。be out出去了；be away离开了；be off取消了；be in在里面。根据句意和语境可知，老师不在办公室，故选D。
4. A句意：下课后，她把找到的钱告诉了她的朋友玛丽。考查动词辨析题。that she found作the money的后置定语；根据前文One day she found a pink paper bag on the way to school. She opened it and saw there was a lot of money in it.可知选A。
5. C句意：放学后，凯特又想去老师的办公室，但她发现钱不见了。考查名词所有格辨析题。again又，再；根据前文When she went to the teacher’s office, her teacher wasn’t in.，结合句意语境，可知选C。
6. B句意：其他的孩子都站在她身边，不知道该做什么。考查宾语从句引导词。A. how怎样，问状况/方式，do后要有宾语；B. what什么，问事/物，做do的宾语；C. when什么时候，问时间；D. where在哪里，问地点。由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和＂疑问词+不定式＂结构转化。本句是宾语从句的简略形式，what做do的宾语；根据句意和语境，可知选B。
7. A句意：她告诉其他人去找老师帮忙。考查名词辨析题。A. help帮助，帮忙；B. treatment治疗，对待；C. action行动，作用；D. leave辞别，许可。根据下文Soon a teacher took Mary to the hospital and the doctor examined her carefully.，结合句意语境，可知有老师帮助了她，故选A。
8. D考查名词辨析。句意：很快，一位老师带玛丽去医院，医生仔细检查了她。根据前文Mary fell down and was hurt very badly.可知是带玛丽去了医院，故选D。
9. B考查形容词辨析。句意：她把装着钱的粉红色纸袋给了凯特。根据前文One day she found a pink paper bag on the way to school.可知纸袋是粉色的，故选B。
10. C句意：现在我决定告诉你真相。考查名词辨析题。A. lie谎言；B. story故事；C. truth真相；D. result结果。根据句意语境，可知truth符合语境，故选C。
11. D句意：所以请不要把这件事告诉学校！考查连词辨析题。A. And和，表并列；B. But但是，表转折；C. Or或者，表选择；D. So所以，表因果。本句前后是因果关系，需用so连接；根据句意语境，可知选D。
12. D句意：你现在很诚实，但你做了错事。考查形容词辨析题。根据句意语境，玛丽讲出了真相，可知是诚实的，故选D。
13. A句意：虽然我不会告诉任何人，但我希望你不要贪婪，不要做任何错事。考查副词辨析题。A. never从不，表完全否定；B. seldom很少，表（不完全）否定；C. sometimes有时；D. usually通常。and连接并列结构，根据句意语境，可知never符合句意，故选A。
14. D句意：这个女孩（玛丽）感谢凯特并欢呼起来。考查动词短语辨析题。A. got up起床；B. woke up醒来；C. gave up放弃；D. cheered up欢呼。根据句意语境，可知前面三个选项都与句意不合，故选D。
15. A句意：学期结束时，凯特因为在学校里是一个非常乐于助人的女孩而获奖。考查名词辨析题。A. prize奖励（品）；B. laugh嘲笑；C. joke玩笑；D. reply答复。根据句意语境，可知prize符合文意，故选A。
（二）
What will the future world be like Many people are glad to give their1. Here are two imaginations about the world of 2. When people talk about the future, we like to think that we'll have our own personal flying car. We would fly at 480 kilometres per hour, avoiding traffic lights, 3roads and speeding tickets. 4，some people point to the disadvantages of flying cars. One big problem is: what will happen if the flying cars 5 Then there will be problems with traffic control. Also, if6become popular, there will surely be too much air traffic.7it seems that flying cars will face more than a few problems if they are to get off the ground! Imagine you have your own Ironman8. Several companies are trying to build a practical robot "exoskeleton". This is a suit of robot arms and legs which follows your movement. It will9the wearer to lift heavy objects, walk a long way and even punch through walls! It is10in many ways, especially for people with disabilities. This suit might help people to walk again after11or injury（受伤）.But the disadvantage at the moment is the12. Even a simple suit can cost hundreds of thousands of pounds. Another problem is battery life. A suit like this needs a lot of13and batteries only last about 15 minutes at the moment. One other problem is that a badly programmed robot wearer. You wouldn't want your robot leg or arm bending（弯曲） suit could14the wrong way car above our heads.
So in the future, 15we might be able to fly to work and lift a there are plenty of problems to solve before this will be possible.
1. A. suggestions B. instructions C. opinions D. reasons
2. A. past B. yesterday C. present D. tomorrow
3. A. empty B. wide C. busy D. dirty
4. A. Moreover B. Instead C. In fact D. However
5. A. put down B. break down C. write down D. calm down
6. A. they B. you C. we D. I
7. A. And B. But C. So D. or
8. A. gloves B. suit C. helmet D. shoes
9. A. ask B. wish C. invite D. allow
10. A. beautiful B. peaceful C. colorful D. useful
11. A. disease B. holiday C. work D. party
12. A. quality B. price C. need D. number
13. A. chances B. power C. rest D. experience
14. A. hurt B. attract C. protect D. attack
15. A. whether B. unless C. although D. until
【文章大意】
这篇短文给我们想象了未来世界的样子，文章中主要提到了关于未来世界的两个想象：一个是飞行汽车；另一个是钢铁侠套装。这两种发明都有他们的优点，但同时也有很多的问题需要解决。
1. C句意：很多人都乐意给出他们的观点。suggestions 建议；instructions指导；opinions观点；reasons理由。根据上句话What will the future world be like 可知，这个问题是“未来的世界会是什么样子的？”关于这个问题，不同的人会有不同的看法，故应选C。
2. D句意：这里有两个关于明天世界的想象。past 过去；yesterday昨天；present现在；tomorrow明天。根据短文开头第一句话What will the future world be like 可知，这篇短文想象的是未来的世界，故应选D。
3. C句意：我们每小时能飞480英里，避开交通灯、拥挤的道路和超速罚款单。empty 空的；wide宽的；busy忙的；dirty脏的。根据文意可知，这里介绍的是flying car飞行车，有了它，我们就可以避免路上交通上容易出现的问题，如交通灯、交通拥挤和超速罚款，因此这里应选C，表示道路拥挤。
4. D句意：然而一些人指出了飞行车的缺点。moreover而且；instead相反；in fact事实上；however然而。上文We would fly at 480 kilometres per hour, avoiding traffic lights, 3 roads and speeding tickets讲述的是飞行车的优点，而这句话中some people point to the disadvantages of flying cars提到的是它的缺点，因此两句话之间是转折关系，故选D。
5. B句意：一个大问题是：如果飞行车坏掉了会发生什么？put down 记下，镇压；break down坏掉；write down写下；calm down平静下来。根据句意可知，这里说的是flying car的缺点，因此应该是如果飞行车坏了该怎么办，故选B。
6. A句意：而且如果他们变得受欢迎，那么就一定会有太多的空中交通。They他们； you你，你们；we我们；I我。根据文意可知，这几句话介绍的是都是flying cars，这个空代指的就是flying cars，是复数的，故应选A。
7. C句意：因此好像如果飞行车想要离开地面，他们将会面对很多的问题。And 和，而且，表示并列；But但是，表示转折；So因此，表示结果；or或者；否则。根据文意可知，上文提到了飞行车的优点和缺点，这句话是对未来世界可能会出现的飞行车做一个总结，表示的是结果，故应选C。
8. B句意：想象一下你有你自己的钢铁侠套装。gloves 手套；suit套装；helmet头盔；shoes鞋。根据下文This suit might help people to walk again after 11 or injury可知，这里说的是钢铁侠套装，故应选B。
9. D句意：它能允许佩戴者举起重物、走很长的路，甚至穿过墙。ask 问，请求；wish希望；invite邀请；allow允许。根据上句话This is a suit of robot arms and legs which follows your movement.可知，这种机器人的套装可以跟随你的移动，因此它 可以使你做到空后面列举的这些事情，故应选D。
10. D句意：它在很多方面都是很有用的，尤其是对于残疾人。beautiful 美丽的；peaceful和平的；平静的；colorful多彩的；useful有用的。根据下句话This suit might help people to walk again after 11 or injury可知，这种套装能帮助人，所以他们是有用的，故选D。
11. A句意：这个套装可以帮助人们在疾病或受伤之后重新能走路。disease疾病；holiday假日；work工作；party聚会。根据句意可知，人们不能走路，原因可能是受伤了，或者是疾病导致，因应选A。
12. B句意：但是目前的缺点就是价格。quality 质量；price价格；need 需要；number数字。根据下句话Even a simple suit can cost hundreds of thousands of pounds.可知，一套简单的钢铁侠套装就要花费好几千英镑，所以它的一个缺点就是价格昂贵，故应选B。
13. B 句意：一个像这样的套装需要很多的电量，电池目前只能持续15分钟。Chances机会；power电力，力量；rest休息；experience经历、经验。根据上句话Another problem is battery life可知，这里说的是这种套装的另外一个缺点就是电池的寿命，因此这里应说的是电池的电量，故选B。
14. A句意：你不会想让你的机器人的腿或者胳膊弯曲，可能会伤害。hurt伤害；attract吸引；protect保护；attack攻击。根据上句话One other problem is that a badly programmed robot wearer.可知，这种套装的另一个问题是编程不良，这可能会导致一些伤害。故选A。
15. C句意：因此在未来，虽然我们可能能够飞着去上班，但在此之前还有很多问题要解决。whether是否；unless除非，如果不；although 虽然，尽管；until直到…时候。根据这两句话的意思可知，他们之间的转折的关系，故应选C。
（三）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A boy and a girl were playing together. The boy had a lot of small glass1. The girl had some candies with her. The boy told the girl that he would2her all his balls in exchange for(交换) her candies. The girl thought that was a good3.
But the boy didn’t give4of his balls to the girl. He kept the biggest and the5ball in his pocket and gave the others to the girl.6the girl gave him all her candies.
That night, the girl had a7sleep, but the boy didn’t sleep well. He kept thinking whether the girl had 8some candies from him.
You think in the way you do things. If you don’t give your hundred percent(百分之百) in a relationship, you’ll 9keep thinking if the other person has given his or her hundred percent. This is true for any relationship.
Give your hundred percent to everything you do and you’ll find that you can always10a lot of happiness.
1. A. balls B. cups C. bottles
2. A. lend B. buy C. give
3. A. answer B. idea C. reason
4. A. all B. most C. some
5. A. ugliest B. cheapest C. prettiest
6. A. But B. So C. Or
7. A. bad B. good C. light
8. A. borrowed B. stolen C. hidden
9. A. always B. never C. seldom
10. A. lose B. get C. want
【文章大意】
文章通过一个小男孩用玻璃球换小女孩的糖的故事，告诉人们一个道理：你百分百付出，你就会得到很多幸福。
1. A句意：这个男孩有许多小玻璃球。A. balls球；B. cups杯子；C. bottles瓶子；根据The boy told the girl that he would 2 her all his balls in exchange for（交换）her candies.这个男孩告诉这个女孩，他给她他所有的球换她的糖。故选A。
2. C句意：这个男孩告诉这个女孩，他给她他所有的球换她的糖。A. lend借；B. buy买；C. give给；根据in exchange for (交换) her candies.可知是给；故选C。
3. B句意：这个小女孩认为那是个好主意。A. answer 回答；B. idea 主意；C. reason原因；根据The boy told the girl that he would2her all his balls in exchange for (交换) her candies. 这个男孩告诉这个女孩，他给她他所有的球换她的糖。可知是主意；故选B。
4. A句意：但是这个男孩没把他所有的球给这个小女孩。A. all都，所有的；B. most 最多；C. some一些；根据He kept the biggest and the5ball in his pocket and gave the others to the girl他在口袋里留了个最大最漂亮的，把其他的给了小女孩。可知是没给所有的；故选A。
5. C句意：他在口袋里留了个最大最漂亮的，把其他的给了小女孩。A. ugliest 最丑；B. cheapest最便宜；C. prettiest最漂亮；根据句意应是最大最漂亮的留下了；故选C。
6. A句意：但是小女孩把所有的糖豆给了他。A. But但是；B. So所以；C. Or否则；根据the boy didn’t give 4 of his balls to the girl这个男孩没把他所有的球给这个小女孩。小女孩把所有的糖都给了他了，所以是转折关系；故选A。
7. B句意：那天晚上小女孩睡了一个好觉。A. bad坏的；B. good好的；C. light轻的；根据but the boy didn’t sleep well.但是小男孩没睡好，故选B。
8. C句意：他一直在想小女孩是否藏了一些糖。A. borrowed借；B. stolen偷；C. hidden藏；根据上文He kept the biggest and the5ball in his pocket and gave the others to the girl他在口袋里留了个最大最漂亮的，可知他也认为别人和他一样，是否藏了一些；故选C。
9. A句意：你总是一直想其他人是否给了百分百。A. always总是；B. never从不；C. seldom很少；根据but the boy didn’t sleep well. He kept thinking whether the girl had8some candies from him.小男孩没睡好，一直想小女孩是否和他一样也藏了一些糖；故选A。
10. B句意：你将会发现你会得到很多幸福。A. lose 失去；B. get 得到；C. want想要；根据文章小女孩付出百分百，睡得很好，小男孩没有付出百分百，睡得不好，可知如果你百分百付出，你就会得到很多幸福。故选B。
（四）
George’s mother was very poor. Instead of having bright blazing（熊熊燃烧的） fires in winter, she had 1 to burn. George had to pick up dry 2 from under the trees.
One 3 day in July, she sent George to the woods. He was to stay there all day to get as much wood as he could. He worked very hard so that by the time the sun was high, he was hot, and wished for a 4 place where he might rest for a while and eat his dinner.
While he hunted around the bank of the stream, he saw among the moss（苔藓）some fine wild 5 , which were a bright red with ripeness（成熟）.
＂How good these will be with my bread and butter!＂thought George. Lining（垫在……里）his little cap with 6 , he set to work eagerly（急切地）to gather all he could find. He felt happy and thought how much his mother would like to see him there，and to be there herself instead of in her dark 7 .
George thought of all this and just as he was lifting the first strawberry to his mouth, he said to himself, ＂How much Mom would like these!＂ He stopped and 8 the strawberry again.
＂Shall I save them for her ＂said George, thinking how much they would refresh her, yet 9 looking at them with a longing eye. ＂I will eat half and take the other half to her, ＂said he at last and he 10 them into two piles. But each pile looked so small that he put them together again.
＂I will keep them all for Mom, ＂said he and he 11 them up nicely till he should go home.
When the sun was beginning to sink. George set out for home. How happy he felt then, that he had all his strawberries for his 12 mother. The nearer he came to his home, the 13 he wished to taste them.
Just as he had thrown down his wood，he heard his mother’s weak voice from her bedroom. ＂I am 14 , and longing for some tea. ＂
George ran in to her and joyfully offered the strawberries. ＂You 15 them for me, did you ＂ said Mom, laying her hand gently on his head, while tears stood in her eyes.
Could the eating of the strawberries have given George half the happiness he felt at the moment
1. A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing
2. A. paper B. coal C. wood D. cloth
3. A. fine B. rainy C. grey D. Cold
4. A. cool B. tidy C. quiet D. smooth
5. A. apples B. strawberries C. tomatoes D. carrots
6. A. scarves B. leaves C. coats D. sweaters
7. A. kitchen B. study C. yard D. bedroom
8. A. ate up B. gave away C. put back D. turned over
9. A. never B. also C. hardly D. still
10. A. divided B. threw C. turned D. cut
11. A. cleaned B. covered C. put D. lifted
12. A. serious B. strong C. sick D. silly
13. A. more B. less C. later D. sooner
14. A. thirsty B. hungry C. sleepy D. busy
15. A. bought B. saved C. borrowed D. stole
【文章大意】
乔治的家里很穷，冬天家里没有取暖的东西，他不得不到大树下去捡些干柴。一天，当他捡完木柴休息的时候，在河边发现一些野草莓，于是摘了一些装在帽子里，他特别想吃，但一想到生病的妈妈，始终忍住没吃。当回到家送给妈妈时，妈妈感动地哭了。
1. D 句意：她没有什么可烧的东西。根据上文＂George’s mother was very poor. Instead of having bright blazing fires in winter.＂(乔治的妈妈很穷，冬天没有生火)，可知乔治的妈妈没有任何生火的东西。A. something 某些事情；B. everything 每件事情；C. anything任何事情；D. nothing＂没有什么，没有一件东西＂。故选D。
2. C 句意：乔治不得不从树下捡些干木材。根据下文＂He was to stay there all day to get as much wood as he could.他尽可能地待在那里去捡些更多的树木＂，可知，乔治不得不去捡些树下的干柴。paper＂纸＂；coal＂煤＂；wood＂木材＂；cloth＂布＂，故选C。
3. A 句意：七月的一个晴天，她派乔治到树林里去。根据下文＂the sun was high, he was hot,太阳很高，他很热＂，可推知天气不错。fine＂晴朗的＂；rainy＂下雨的＂；＂grey＂昏暗的；cold＂寒冷的＂。故选A。
4. A 句意：他很热，希望有个凉快的地方休息一会儿。根据上文＂the sun was high, he was hot＂可知天气很热，乔治想找个凉爽的地方休息一会儿。cool＂凉爽的＂；tidy＂整洁的＂；quiet＂安静的＂；smooth＂光滑的＂，故选A。
5. B 句意：他看见在苔藓中有一些好的野草莓。根据文章第五段的＂the first strawberry＂可知，这里说的是乔治看到了一些野生的草莓。A. apples苹果；B. strawberries草莓；C. tomatoes西红柿；D. carrots胡萝卜。故选B。
6. B 句意：他在帽子里垫了些树叶。第二段提到的是＂One fine day in July, she sent George to the woods 七月份的一天，她派乔治去树林＂。可知，这是在夏天。scarves＂围巾＂；leaves＂树叶＂；coats＂外套＂；sweaters＂毛衣＂，夏天天气很热，而A、C、D三项都不会出现在夏天，由此可知，他在帽子里垫了些树叶以便装草莓。故选B。
7. D 句意：他感到很高兴，心想他母亲多么希望在那里看到他，而不是在她昏暗的卧室里。根据第九段＂his mother’s weak voice from her bedroom.房间里传来了他妈妈虚弱的声音＂，可知，妈妈是在卧室里。kitchen＂厨房＂；study＂书房＂；yard＂院子＂，bedroom＂卧室＂，故选D。
8. C 句意：他停下来，又把草莓放了回去。根据上文＂he said to himself, ＂How much Mom would like these!＂他对他自己说：’妈妈会多么喜欢这些草莓！’＂可知，乔治正要吃第一颗草莓，但想到妈妈必定也喜欢，就停住了，把草莓又放了回去。ate up＂吃光，吃完＂；gave away＂赠送，泄露＂；put back＂将……放回＂；turned over＂移交＂，故选C。
9. D 句意：但仍然用渴望的目光看着它们。根据上文＂Shall I save them for her ＂ said George, thinking how much they would refresh her, ＂我应该给她留着草莓吗？＂乔治说，想着这些草莓会让妈妈精神振作＂，但是他一边仍然用渴望的眼神看着草莓。never＂从不＂；also＂也＂；hardly＂几乎不＂；still＂仍然＂，根据语境可知乔治正在犹豫，故选D。
10. A 句意：他把它们分成两堆。根据前后语境＂said he at last and he them into two piles＂中的＂two piles＂可推知乔治把这些草莓分成了两小堆。A. divided 把……分成；B. threw 扔；C. turned转动；D. cut 切割。divide…into意为＂把……分成＂，故选A。
11. B 句意：他把草莓盖好。由上文＂But each pile looked so small that he put them together again. ＂I will keep them all for Mom 但每一堆看起来都太少了，所以他又把两堆小草莓合到一起，说要全部留着给妈妈＂，可知，此处是说乔治把草莓盖好，准备带回家去。A. cleaned 打扫；B. covered 覆盖；C. put放置；D. lifted举起。cover…up 意为＂盖起来；掩盖＂。故选B。
12. C句意：那时他感到多么幸福，因为他把所有的草莓都送给了生病的母亲。由第九段中的＂his mother’s weak voice＂她妈妈脆弱的声音，可知，乔治的妈妈病了，所以这里指的是他生病的妈妈。serious＂严肃的＂；strong＂强壮的＂；sick＂生病的＂；silly＂愚蠢的＂。故选C。
13. B 句意：他越走近他家，他就越不想尝一尝它们。根据空格前半句＂the nearer he came to his home＂他越靠近他的家，可知后句的意思是＂他就越不想品尝它们＂，固定句型the +比较级，the+比较级表示＂越……，就越……＂，故选B。
14. A 句意：我口渴了，渴望喝点茶。根据空格后＂longing for some tea＂可知妈妈想喝茶，所以是很渴。thirsty 口渴的；hungry饥饿的；sleepy 犯困的；busy 忙碌的。表示口渴，故选A。
15. B 句意：你为我省下了它们，是吗？通读全完可知，乔治家境贫困，母亲身体不好，但他却十分懂事，将捡柴时发现的草莓省下来留给妈妈吃，妈妈也倍感欣慰。bought＂购买＂；saved＂保留，保存＂；borrowed＂借＂；stole＂偷窃＂，根据语境以及前文提示＂Shall I save them for her＂，这里用save，故选B。
能力拓展
（一）
＂When you start to talk about responsibility(责任), I thought of a time in my life when I didn’t want to accept(承担) responsibility for anything," Elena said. "It was one of the most1times of my life. I don’t know 2, but I just felt like I had no control over anything. Part of the problem was that I was feeling very unsure of myself.＂
"I started going around with a group of children who were always in3. I guess all of us were unsure, but nobody talked about it. Some of the children were taking drugs(毒品), so I had to prove (证明)how cool I was and 4them too. I started staying out late, not doing my homework, and5 my parents a lot. And if they tried to talk with me about what was wrong, I’d tell them they didn’t understand me. 6 I didn’t feel that the children I stayed with understood me, either. Most of them just listened to music all the time and didn’t talk much."
"I was really going downhill until an old friend visited me from Toronto — we were the best friends, but she moved away two years ago. We could talk about7. She really understood me and looked at me and said, "Elena, what is wrong with you You’ve changed so much, and I don’t like that!" She really felt worried about me. And she 8to help me out. From then on, I began to know I must9responsibility for my life. That group of children decided what I should do, but I know they didn’t really care about me10."
1. A. unhappy B. unusual C. different D. important
2. A. how B. why C. it D. that
3. A. danger B. trouble C. love D. need
4. A. played B. made C. enjoyed D. wanted
5. A. talked with B. communicated with C. worried about D. argued with
6. A. So B. But C. Or D. For
7. A. anything B. something C. some things D. nothing
8. A. got in the way B. was on the way C. went out of her way D. got out of her way
9. A. accept B. finish C. forget D. stop
10. A. anymore B. after all C. no longer D. at all
【文章大意】
本文讲述了我和一些爱惹事的孩子在一起，不做作业和父母吵嘴。当我的好朋友看见我的变化后，他努力帮助我。我开始意识到自己对生活的责任。
1. A考查形容词及语境的理解。A. unhappy不高兴的，B. unusual不同寻常的，C. different 不同的，D. important重要的。句意：它是我一生中最不高兴的时期。根据前文的 I thought of a time in my life when I didn’t want to accept(承担) responsibility for anything,可知我不想承担任何责任，因此这是我不高兴的时期，故选A。
2. B考查代词及语境的理解。A. how 如何，B. why 为什么，C. it 它，D. that那个。句意：我不知道为什么，但是我只是觉得我无法控制任何事情。根据but I just felt like I had no control over anything.可知我觉得无法控制任何事，因此我不知道为什么不高兴，故选B。
3. B考查名词及语境的理解。A. danger 危险， B. trouble 麻烦，C. love 热爱，D. need需要。句意：我开始和一群总是惹麻烦的孩子们一起四处走动。根据后文的Some of the children were taking drugs(毒品)，可知有些孩子们吸毒，因此表示惹麻烦的孩子，in trouble处于麻烦中，故选B。
4. C考查动词及语境的理解。A. played 玩，B. made制作，C. enjoyed 喜欢，D. wanted想要。句意：一些孩子们吸毒，所以我不得不证明我是多么酷，也是多么喜欢它们。根据I had to prove(证明) how cool I was可知我要证明我是多么酷，因此要和那些孩子一样喜欢吸毒，故选C。
5. D考查动词短语及语境的理解。A. talked with 和……交谈； B. communicated with和……交流； C. worried about 担心；D. argued with和……争论；句意：我开始在外面待到很晚，不做作业，还经常和父母吵架。根据后文的And if they tried to talk with me about what was wrong, I’d tell them they didn’t understand me.可知我和父母争论，故选D。
6. B考查连词及语境的理解。A. So 所以，B. But 但是，C. Or 或者，D. For因为。句意：但是我感觉和我待在一起的孩子也不理解我。前半句表示我的父母不理解我，后半句表示和我在一起的孩子也不理解我，前后表示转折关系，故用连词but，故选B。
7. A考查代词及语境的理解。A. anything 任何事， B. something 某物， C. some things 一些事情， D. nothing没什么。句意：我们可以谈论任何事。根据前文的we were the best friends,可知我们是最好的朋友，因此可以谈论任何事，故选A。
8. C考查动词短语及语境的理解。A. got in the way 妨碍， B. was on the way在……途中， C. went out of her way 她不遗余力， D. got out of her way别挡她的路。句意：她不遗余力地帮我。根据前文的We were the best friends,可知我们是最好的朋友，所以她不遗余力地帮助我，故选C。
9. A考查动词及语境的理解。A. accept 承认， B. finish 完成，C. forget 忘记，D. stop停止。句意：从那时起，我开始意识到我必须为我的生活负责。根据前文的And she 8 to help me out.可知她帮助我，因此我开始认识到我的责任，故选A。
10. D考查介词短语及语境的理解。A. anymore 不再， B. after all 毕竟，C. no longer 不再，D. at all根本。句意：那群孩子决定了我该做什么，但是我知道他们一点也不关系我。not ……at all一点也不，故选D。
（二）
This is a story about love.
There was once a1 girl who hoped so much for love. One day 2 she was walking in the woods, she found two hungry songbirds. She took them home and put them in a small cage, caring them with love. Luckily, the birds grew strong little by little. Every morning they greeted her3a wonderful song. The girl felt great love for the birds.
One day the girl4 the door to the cage open accidentally. The larger and stronger of the two birds flew from the cage. The girl was so frightened that he would fly away so as he flew close, she caught him wildly. Her heart felt glad at her success in catching him. Suddenly, she felt the bird go limp(无力的), so she opened her hand and looked 5 at the dead bird. It was her strong love that had killed him.
She noticed6 bird moving back and forth in the cage. She could feel7strong wish to fly into the clear, blue sky.8, she carried him from the cage and tossed(投掷) him softly into the air. The lucky bird circled once, twice, three times.
The girl watched delightedly at the bird. Her heart was no longer concerned(忧虑) with her loss.
What she wanted to see most was that the bird could fly happily. Suddenly the bird flew closer and landed softly on her shoulder. It sang the9song that she had ever heard.
Remember, the fastest way to10love is to hold on it too tight. The best way to keep love is to give it wings!
1. A. alone B. cheerful C. lonely D. clever
2. A. after B. while C. before D. then
3. A. with B. through C. for D. without
4. A. found B. forgot C. saw D. left
5. A. in danger B. in surprise C. in trouble D. in need
6. A. the other B. another C. other D. the others
7. A. her B. their C. his D. it
8. A. Uncertainly B. Certainly C. Unwillingly D. Willingly
9. A. saddest B. sweetest C. loudest D. coolest
10. A. get B. catch C. accept D. lose
【文章大意】
文章介绍了一名孤独的女孩发现并救了两只鸟，带回家细心照料。她对鸟儿付出了爱，鸟儿每天开心地长大。一天，一只鸟儿飞出了笼子，因为害怕失去，她迫切地把它抓住，但是她的爱却害死了那只鸟儿。她注意到另一只鸟儿也迫切地渴望自由，她希望鸟儿开心，所以放飞了它。但是鸟儿没有离开，最终落在了她的肩上。这个故事告诉我们，爱需要空间，缺乏空间的爱只会让爱窒息。
1. C句意：从前有一个孤独的女孩，她对爱给予厚望。考查形容词及语境理解。A. alone作为形容词，意为＂单独的＂，只作表语，不能作定语；alone还可以作副词，意为＂单独；独自＂；B. cheerful欢乐的；C. lonely作为形容词，意为＂孤独的＂；D. clever形容词，聪明的。根据后面的hoped so much for love，可知此处应是＂一个孤独的女孩＂，形容词作定语，修饰后面的名词girl；故答案选C。
2. B句意：一天，当她在树林里散步时，她发现了两只饥饿的鸣禽。考查连词及语境理解。A. after在……之后；B. while当……的时候；C. before在……之前；D. then然后。根据语境可知是当她在树林里散步时，她发现了两只饥饿的鸣禽，故答案选B。
3. A句意：每天早晨，它们用美妙的歌声迎接她。考查介词及语境理解。A. with和、随着；B. through通过；C. for为了；D. without没有。greet sb.with…，固定搭配，意思是＂以……问候某人＂，故答案选A。
4. D句意：有一天，女孩偶然离开了开着的门的笼子。考查动词及语境理解。A. found找到、发现；B. forgot忘记；C. saw看见；D. left离开。根据下文The larger and stronger of the two birds flew from the cage.可知是女孩偶然离开了开着的门的笼子，故答案选D。
5. B句意：于是她张开手，惊讶地看着那只死鸟。考查介词短语及语境理解。A. in danger在危险中；B. in surprise惊讶的、惊奇的；C. in trouble处于不幸中；D. in need在危难中。 由上文 caring them with love 可知女孩儿很爱她的鸟儿，所以看到心爱的鸟儿被自己不慎杀死，第一反应应该是惊讶，其它选项均不符合题意，故答案选B。
6. A句意：她注意到另一只鸟在笼子里来回移动。考查代词及语境理解。A. the other两者中的另一个；B. another指三者或三者以上中的另一个；C. other＂别的，另外的＂，一般只能和复数名词连用；D. the others表示在一个范围内的其他全部。根据上文提到she found two hungry songbirds，可知是她发现了两只鸟儿，这里指的是另一只，故答案选A。
7. C句意：她能感受到他的强烈愿望。考查代词及语境理解。A. her她的；B. their他们的；C. his他的；D. it它。根据下文she carried him from the cage and tossed(投掷)him softly into the air.中的＂him＂可知此处应用his，故答案选C。
8. C句意：她不情愿地把它从笼子里抱了出来，轻轻地把它抛向空中。考查副词及语境理解。A. Uncertainly没把握地；B. Certainly确定；C. Unwillingly不情愿地；D. Willingly乐意地。联系上文The girl was so frightened that he would fly away so as he flew close, she caught him wildly.可知女孩不愿意让鸟儿飞出笼子，所以此处应是她不情愿地把它从笼子里抱了出来，轻轻地把它抛向空中，故答案选C。
9. B句意：它唱了她从未听过的甜美的歌声。考查形容词及语境理解。A. saddest最悲哀的；B. sweetest最甜美的、最悦耳的；C. loudest最大声的；D. coolest最冷漠的。根据语境可知鸟儿获得自由后，唱出＂最甜美的＂歌声，故答案选B。
10. D句意：失去爱的最快方法是紧紧抓住它。考查动词及语境理解。A. get得到；B. catch抓住；C. accept承认；D. lose失去。由题干可知此处与后文的keep love相反，可知句意为＂失去爱的最快方法是紧紧抓住它，保持爱的最好方法是给它翅膀！＂故答案选D。专题 25 完形填空
知识贯通
一、完型填空之概述分析
“ 完型填空 ” (Cloze) 是初中英语试题考察的一种重要题型。事实证明，完型填空通常是同学们较难把握的题型之一，且失分率较高。它是对学生阅读能力，语法知识，逻辑推理以及分析归纳等综合能力的考查。因此，要做好完型填空，不仅要具备一定的词法、句法和惯用法等语法知识，而且还要具备阅读理解能力、综合分析能力和运用语言知识的实践能力。它旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型。它结合了单项选择题和短文填空的优点，既考查词语搭配、近义词辨异、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等，又考查了逻辑推理和事理推断能力。
“ 完形填空 ” 题要求填入的词主要有:
1. 语法结构所要求的功能词，如连接词、连接代词、连接副词、关系代词、关系副词等。
2. 具有语法变化的普通词，如动词的时态、语态、语气，名词的数，代词的格，形容词和副词的级等。
3. 固定搭配短语或词组中的特定词。
4. 同义词、近义词等易混淆词。
5. 根据上、下文意思及结构必须填入的确定词。
可见，完形填空是一种综合性较强的题型。它的突出特点是起点高、容量大。同学们只有具备了扎实的语言基本功、较好的阅读能力及归纳判断能力，才能适应这一题型。
完形填空题的考查目的 :
1. 考查同学们阅读理解能力。
2. 考查同学们语法知识。
3. 考查同学们综合运用英语知识的水平和实践能力。
二、完形填空题的命题特点
完形填空题是通过阅读考查学生语言知识及语言知识 综合运用能力的一种测试形式。命题人在一段难度适度的文章中留出 10 个空白，要求考生从所给的 A, B, C, D 四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使补足的短文意思通顺、结构完整。
完形填空是介于单项填空和阅读理解之间的一种题型。可以说它是根据一篇文章所提供的情景进行的选择填空，也可以说它是在缺少个别单词情况下的阅读理解。完形填空既有对语法规则、习惯用法和词语搭配的考查，又有对文章内容的通篇理解。完形填空主要考查以下三个方面的内容 :
1、词汇 :
此类题目考查的内容是 : 近义词的区别，词语的固定搭配和习惯用法。近几年陕西省中考题中的完型填空题考查的词汇类别涉及到名词、代词、动词、介词、连词、形容词、副词和短语动词。
2、语法 :
此类题目考查的是 : 各种语法规则在文章中的运用。其中包括名词的单复数，形容词、副词的比较等级，动词的时态和语态，介词、数词、代词和连词的用法，主谓一致，各种从句的用法等。
3、结构 :
此类题目考查的是 : 文章中间句子与句子之间，段落与段落之间，上文与下文之间的逻辑关系。
从设空的类型看可分为三个层次 :
1、句子层次
2、句组层次
3、全篇层次
设空的难度，从句子层次到句组层次，再到全篇层次，依次增加。
分析近几年的完形填空题，我们可以看出陕西省完形填空题的设空主要以句子层次为主，以句组层次为辅，几 乎没有全篇层次题目。因此总体难度较低。
三、完型填空之命题趋势剖析
　　完型填空要求考生不仅要会运用自己学过的词汇和语法知识妥善地处理好每个单句，理解语义，还要处理好单句之间以及单句完形填空题要求填入的词主要有：构成各种时态和用法区别的动词及短语动词；名词和介词；根据上下文意思及结构必须填入的形容词、副词、代词和连词；同义词、近义词等易混词。考查以实词为主，兼顾虚词和语法结构。难点主要集中在根据上下文作正确判断的词的用法上。
1. 题材：以故事性题材居多，历年中考故事小品类题材比例超过 50% ，故事往往具有幽默性或富有哲理，其他还有科普小品、文化体育、风土人情、人物、史地等。
2. 体裁：完形填空选文的体裁也值得一提，以记叙文居多，同样在近年中考考试中记叙文比例超过 50% 。其他还有说明文应用文、议论文等。
3. 命题形式：完型填空题的两空之间一般相隔 7—10 个词，短文首尾句一般不设填空题，每句中只有一个空。
4. 试题特点分析：分析近几年完型填空题可以发现以下一些规律： 1) 本题型设空以考查文意为主，也就是我们所说的 “ 实词 ” —— 名词、动词、形容词和副词等，比重极大，且有逐年增加的趋势。 2) 降低对单词本身词意的考查要求，以突出本题的主要测试目的：理解全文，通篇考虑，掌握大意，注重关联。 3) 增加了考查连词的题，涉及考生对于行文逻辑的掌握及文句之间关联的理解。 4) 注意结合文意考查对词语用法的掌握。主要涉及两个方面：词义辨析与惯用搭配。同义与近义词的比较分辨应当放到一定的语境之中才有意义。如果只是一一对应地背记单词的中文意思，不注意具体语境中单词的确切含意，是难以分辨一些词汇的细微差异的。
5. 题目的类型可分为：1) 语言知识型，如各种语法规则、句型、句式等；还包括词汇型，测试单词在一定语境下的基本用法、习惯用法、常用搭配以及对其词义的记忆或其特定意义的理解和灵活运用。 2) 判断推理型，考查对篇章的整体理解、上下文段落的衔接、逻辑思维与判断推理能力。 3) 综合型，即对知识和能力综合运用的考查。
四、完型填空之解题秘笈
　　考试 犹如打仗，方可谓 “ 知己知彼，百战不殆。 ” 在了解了出题的原则和规律后，明白题目的考查点，再配以好的解题方法和思路，做完型填空题就不会再是学生们过不去的槛。那么，做完型填空的解题秘笈和步骤是什么呢？
　　在做完型填空题时，通常先弄清语境，并依据上下文进行合理的分析、判断，才能作出恰当的选择。具体可分为以下三步：
　　 1. 通览全文，掌握大意。做题时，应先越过空档，通读全文，理顺题意，找出信息词。这是做好完形填空题的关键。因为完型填空的特点是着眼于整体理解。我们如果把短文比作环环相扣的链条，那么由于空格的设置， “ 链条 ” 从第二句起有些地方就脱节了。有些同学习惯于提笔就填或边读边填，急于求成，然而，欲速则不达。由于完形填空属障碍性阅读，所以抓住文章的首句 ( 段 ) 和尾句 ( 段 ) ，对把握文章的主旨和大意很有帮助，因为文章的首句是观察全文的 “ 窗口 ” ，尾句是文章的总结、结论或点睛之笔，会带给我们有益的启示，因此首先看一下文章的首句和尾句，使自己心中大概有个印象，我们应该依据首句给的启示，通过逻辑思维，借助短文中关键词所提供的信息，越过空档，尽快把全文读完，建立语言的整体感，帮助我们了解短文大意。然后再去通读全文，不失为一个窍门。通读全文的方式也可因文而异，对较易把握大意的文章可采用粗读、速读的方式；而对理解稍有吃力的文章不妨放慢读速、慎读，但不管怎样读，注意力都应集中在文章的主线 ( 或中心词 ) 、了解文章内容，从而确定进行推断、选择的基本思路。如果一开始就忙于见一空填一空，势必无法从整体上把握全文概要，造成顾此失彼，既影响准确率，也影响做题速度。
　　 2. 先易后难，完成各项。通览全文后，对文章有了整体印象，在此基础上，可以根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，分析这一空格处在句中的地位，前后的关系和它所起的作用，确定最佳答案。遇到困难，暂放一边，先易后难，这是解题之道。当遇到难以判断的空档时，不妨先放一边，继续往下做。因为有些答案是必须通过下文的理解后才能作出断定的。有时，前后信息之间还有相互提示作用。因此，当我们遇到难题时，不能久久停留于此，这样会浪费不必要的时间。本着先易后难的原则，先根据上下文和自己的语感，推测部分空格的可能答案。然后，再结合选项逐一敲定。综合考虑指的是根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则，把上下文的意思、句法结构、词类和语法功能、惯用法、逻辑推理常识等各种因素加在一起综合考虑，仔细推敲。要准确判断出题目的类型，语法知识类较多地表现为动词时态、语态的选用或句子成分的辨识；词语知识方面的题目要从词性、词形区分，同义词语辨析、习惯搭配、习惯用语、结构词选择等方面考虑；情景推理题要注重跳出句子层次，注意句间的结构、意义上的连接和照应关系，有时还应在段与段之间、情节与情节之间或更大范围内上下文照应，因此对短文作 “ 全景式 ” 的总体把握对每一空的正确解答非常重要。注意句型、语法、词语搭配和习惯用法。
　　 3. 复读全文，消除疏 漏。完成所有空档后，还要再次通读全文，看看这时的短文行文是否流畅，意义是否连贯，逻辑关系是否合理。复查时，可从语法入手，检查一下句子的时态、主谓一致、代词的性、数、格以及词语的搭配等是否正确。凡遇疑点，必须根据文章的中心思想，从意义、语法的角度来仔细权衡，除此之外，复读时对全篇文章的理解，检查全文是否前后贯通，再次将不合题意的答案调整或修改；如果实在无法确定，可以作推理性猜测，不可放弃不填。
真题盘点
（一）
Once there was a girl, named Kate. She was very polite and ready to help everybody. One day she found a pink paper bag on the way to school. She opened it and saw there was a lot of1in it. She thought she should hand it in to the teacher, so she2it in her schoolbag.
When she went to the teacher’s office, her teacher wasn’t3. As it was time for class, she hurried to the classroom.
After class, she told her friend, Mary, about the money that she4. Then, her greedy(贪婪的) friend took away the bag.
After school, Kate wanted to go to the5office again, but she found the money was missing.
The next day when the children were playing a game, Mary fell down and was hurt very badly. The other children stood around her and didn’t know6to do. Kate kept calm and did something to stop bleeding. She told the others to go to teachers for7. Soon a teacher took Mary to the8and the doctor examined her carefully. Within a week she was all right again. Kate became very popular in the school.
Two weeks later Mary came to Kate house. Her eyes were red. She was crying. She gave Kate the9paper bag with the money in it and said. ＂Kate, I have taken the money away. That day when you helped me, I felt very sad and now I decide to tell you the10, you are such a nice friend!11Please don’t tell the school about this please!＂ then Kate said, ＂you are now12, but you have done a bad thing. Though I will not tell anyone, I want you not to be greedy and13to do anything wrong.＂ The girl thanked Kate and14.
At the end of the term Kate was given a15for being a very helpful girl in the school. Mary became an honest girl and was never greedy again.
Once wrong, never be wrong forever.
1. A. bread B. money C. paper D. fruit
2. A. got B. caught C. kept D. sent
3. A. out B. away C. off D. in
4. A. found B. lost C. saved D. made
5. A. worker’s B. doctor’s C. teacher’s D. headmaster’s
6. A. how B. what C. when D. where
7. A. help B. treatment C. action D. leave
8. A. school B. classroom C. office D. hospital
9. A. red B. pink C. white D. black
10. A. lie B. story C. truth D. result
11. A. And B. But C. Or D. So
12. A. friendly B. polite C. generous D. honest
13. A. never B. seldom C. sometimes D. usually
14. A. got up B. woke up C. gave up D. cheered up
15. A. prize B. laugh C. joke D. reply
（二）
What will the future world be like Many people are glad to give their1. Here are two imaginations about the world of 2. When people talk about the future, we like to think that we'll have our own personal flying car. We would fly at 480 kilometres per hour, avoiding traffic lights, 3roads and speeding tickets. 4，some people point to the disadvantages of flying cars. One big problem is: what will happen if the flying cars 5 Then there will be problems with traffic control. Also, if6become popular, there will surely be too much air traffic.7it seems that flying cars will face more than a few problems if they are to get off the ground! Imagine you have your own Ironman8. Several companies are trying to build a practical robot "exoskeleton". This is a suit of robot arms and legs which follows your movement. It will9the wearer to lift heavy objects, walk a long way and even punch through walls! It is10in many ways, especially for people with disabilities. This suit might help people to walk again after11or injury（受伤）.But the disadvantage at the moment is the12. Even a simple suit can cost hundreds of thousands of pounds. Another problem is battery life. A suit like this needs a lot of13and batteries only last about 15 minutes at the moment. One other problem is that a badly programmed robot wearer. You wouldn't want your robot leg or arm bending（弯曲） suit could14the wrong way car above our heads.
So in the future, 15we might be able to fly to work and lift a there are plenty of problems to solve before this will be possible.
1. A. suggestions B. instructions C. opinions D. reasons
2. A. past B. yesterday C. present D. tomorrow
3. A. empty B. wide C. busy D. dirty
4. A. Moreover B. Instead C. In fact D. However
5. A. put down B. break down C. write down D. calm down
6. A. they B. you C. we D. I
7. A. And B. But C. So D. or
8. A. gloves B. suit C. helmet D. shoes
9. A. ask B. wish C. invite D. allow
10. A. beautiful B. peaceful C. colorful D. useful
11. A. disease B. holiday C. work D. party
12. A. quality B. price C. need D. number
13. A. chances B. power C. rest D. experience
14. A. hurt B. attract C. protect D. attack
15. A. whether B. unless C. although D. until
（三）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A boy and a girl were playing together. The boy had a lot of small glass1. The girl had some candies with her. The boy told the girl that he would2her all his balls in exchange for(交换) her candies. The girl thought that was a good3.
But the boy didn’t give4of his balls to the girl. He kept the biggest and the5ball in his pocket and gave the others to the girl.6the girl gave him all her candies.
That night, the girl had a7sleep, but the boy didn’t sleep well. He kept thinking whether the girl had 8some candies from him.
You think in the way you do things. If you don’t give your hundred percent(百分之百) in a relationship, you’ll 9keep thinking if the other person has given his or her hundred percent. This is true for any relationship.
Give your hundred percent to everything you do and you’ll find that you can always10a lot of happiness.
1. A. balls B. cups C. bottles
2. A. lend B. buy C. give
3. A. answer B. idea C. reason
4. A. all B. most C. some
5. A. ugliest B. cheapest C. prettiest
6. A. But B. So C. Or
7. A. bad B. good C. light
8. A. borrowed B. stolen C. hidden
9. A. always B. never C. seldom
10. A. lose B. get C. want
（四）
George’s mother was very poor. Instead of having bright blazing（熊熊燃烧的） fires in winter, she had 1 to burn. George had to pick up dry 2 from under the trees.
One 3 day in July, she sent George to the woods. He was to stay there all day to get as much wood as he could. He worked very hard so that by the time the sun was high, he was hot, and wished for a 4 place where he might rest for a while and eat his dinner.
While he hunted around the bank of the stream, he saw among the moss（苔藓）some fine wild 5 , which were a bright red with ripeness（成熟）.
＂How good these will be with my bread and butter!＂thought George. Lining（垫在……里）his little cap with 6 , he set to work eagerly（急切地）to gather all he could find. He felt happy and thought how much his mother would like to see him there，and to be there herself instead of in her dark 7 .
George thought of all this and just as he was lifting the first strawberry to his mouth, he said to himself, ＂How much Mom would like these!＂ He stopped and 8 the strawberry again.
＂Shall I save them for her ＂said George, thinking how much they would refresh her, yet 9 looking at them with a longing eye. ＂I will eat half and take the other half to her, ＂said he at last and he 10 them into two piles. But each pile looked so small that he put them together again.
＂I will keep them all for Mom, ＂said he and he 11 them up nicely till he should go home.
When the sun was beginning to sink. George set out for home. How happy he felt then, that he had all his strawberries for his 12 mother. The nearer he came to his home, the 13 he wished to taste them.
Just as he had thrown down his wood，he heard his mother’s weak voice from her bedroom. ＂I am 14 , and longing for some tea. ＂
George ran in to her and joyfully offered the strawberries. ＂You 15 them for me, did you ＂ said Mom, laying her hand gently on his head, while tears stood in her eyes.
Could the eating of the strawberries have given George half the happiness he felt at the moment
1. A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing
2. A. paper B. coal C. wood D. cloth
3. A. fine B. rainy C. grey D. Cold
4. A. cool B. tidy C. quiet D. smooth
5. A. apples B. strawberries C. tomatoes D. carrots
6. A. scarves B. leaves C. coats D. sweaters
7. A. kitchen B. study C. yard D. bedroom
8. A. ate up B. gave away C. put back D. turned over
9. A. never B. also C. hardly D. still
10. A. divided B. threw C. turned D. cut
11. A. cleaned B. covered C. put D. lifted
12. A. serious B. strong C. sick D. silly
13. A. more B. less C. later D. sooner
14. A. thirsty B. hungry C. sleepy D. busy
15. A. bought B. saved C. borrowed D. stole
能力拓展
（一）
＂When you start to talk about responsibility(责任), I thought of a time in my life when I didn’t want to accept(承担) responsibility for anything," Elena said. "It was one of the most1times of my life. I don’t know 2, but I just felt like I had no control over anything. Part of the problem was that I was feeling very unsure of myself.＂
"I started going around with a group of children who were always in3. I guess all of us were unsure, but nobody talked about it. Some of the children were taking drugs(毒品), so I had to prove (证明)how cool I was and 4them too. I started staying out late, not doing my homework, and5 my parents a lot. And if they tried to talk with me about what was wrong, I’d tell them they didn’t understand me. 6 I didn’t feel that the children I stayed with understood me, either. Most of them just listened to music all the time and didn’t talk much."
"I was really going downhill until an old friend visited me from Toronto — we were the best friends, but she moved away two years ago. We could talk about7. She really understood me and looked at me and said, "Elena, what is wrong with you You’ve changed so much, and I don’t like that!" She really felt worried about me. And she 8to help me out. From then on, I began to know I must9responsibility for my life. That group of children decided what I should do, but I know they didn’t really care about me10."
1. A. unhappy B. unusual C. different D. important
2. A. how B. why C. it D. that
3. A. danger B. trouble C. love D. need
4. A. played B. made C. enjoyed D. wanted
5. A. talked with B. communicated with C. worried about D. argued with
6. A. So B. But C. Or D. For
7. A. anything B. something C. some things D. nothing
8. A. got in the way B. was on the way C. went out of her way D. got out of her way
9. A. accept B. finish C. forget D. stop
10. A. anymore B. after all C. no longer D. at all
（二）
This is a story about love.
There was once a1 girl who hoped so much for love. One day 2 she was walking in the woods, she found two hungry songbirds. She took them home and put them in a small cage, caring them with love. Luckily, the birds grew strong little by little. Every morning they greeted her3a wonderful song. The girl felt great love for the birds.
One day the girl4 the door to the cage open accidentally. The larger and stronger of the two birds flew from the cage. The girl was so frightened that he would fly away so as he flew close, she caught him wildly. Her heart felt glad at her success in catching him. Suddenly, she felt the bird go limp(无力的), so she opened her hand and looked 5 at the dead bird. It was her strong love that had killed him.
She noticed6 bird moving back and forth in the cage. She could feel7strong wish to fly into the clear, blue sky.8, she carried him from the cage and tossed(投掷) him softly into the air. The lucky bird circled once, twice, three times.
The girl watched delightedly at the bird. Her heart was no longer concerned(忧虑) with her loss.
What she wanted to see most was that the bird could fly happily. Suddenly the bird flew closer and landed softly on her shoulder. It sang the9song that she had ever heard.
Remember, the fastest way to10love is to hold on it too tight. The best way to keep love is to give it wings!
1. A. alone B. cheerful C. lonely D. clever
2. A. after B. while C. before D. then
3. A. with B. through C. for D. without
4. A. found B. forgot C. saw D. left
5. A. in danger B. in surprise C. in trouble D. in need
6. A. the other B. another C. other D. the others
7. A. her B. their C. his D. it
8. A. Uncertainly B. Certainly C. Unwillingly D. Willingly
9. A. saddest B. sweetest C. loudest D. coolest
10. A. get B. catch C. accept D. lose

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