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分析语篇语义，破解七选五
CONTENT
目 录
PART 1
“七选五”难在哪？
PART 2
课标对“七选五”的要求？
PART 3
“七选五”如何突破？
PART 4
教学建议
The Types to Live Below Your Full Potential
Human potential is unlimited, but unfortunately, many do not use their true potential. _____1_____ Here are some types to live below your true potential.
Let yourself be affected by minor issues.
…
Blame others for your difficulty.
…
Try to do everything by yourself.
…
_____5_____
Many people set small goals because they’re afraid to fail. Actually what they’re really afraid of is to realize what they’ve always had the power to achieve. So set your highest goals today. You should try to achieve them because they are what you deserve.
A. Set small goals.
B. Believe that you can make it.
F. Still worse, they waste it by carrying out tasks
that are a poor use of their time and energy.
The Types to Live Below Your Full Potential
Human potential is unlimited, but unfortunately, many do not use their true potential. _____1_____ Here are some types to live below your true potential.
Let yourself be affected by minor issues.
…
Blame others for your difficulty.
…
Try to do everything by yourself.
…
_____5_____
Many people set small goals because they’re afraid to fail. Actually what they’re really afraid of is to realize what they’ve always had the power to achieve. So set your highest goals today. You should try to achieve them because they are what you deserve.
The Types to Live Below Your Full Potential
Human potential is unlimited, but unfortunately, many do not use their true potential. _____1_____ Here are some types to live below your true potential.
Let yourself be affected by minor issues.
…
Blame others for your difficulty.
…
Try to do everything by yourself.
…
_____5_____
Many people set small goals because they’re afraid to fail. Actually what they’re really afraid of is to realize what they’ve always had the power to achieve. So set your highest goals today. You should try to achieve them because they are what you deserve.
A. Set small goals.
B. Believe that you can make it.
F. Still worse, they waste it by carrying out tasks
that are a poor use of their time and energy.
A
F
难点突破：分析语篇语义
难点
突破
“七选五”难在哪？
“七选五”怎么突破？
抹去设空部分，
语篇依然具有一定的(意义)连贯性。
运用语篇分析理论
高中英语学业质量水平二
序号 质量描述
2-8 *能判断和识别书面语篇的意图，获取其中的重要信息和观点；
*能识别语篇中的主要事实与观点之间的逻辑联系，理解语篇反映的文化背景；
*能推断语篇中的隐含意义。
2-9 *能识别语篇中的内容要点和相应支撑论据；
*能根据定义线索，理解概念性词汇或术语；
*能理解文本信息与非文本信息的关系。
2-10 *能识别语篇中新旧信息的布局及承接关系；
*能理解语篇成分之间的语义逻辑关系，如：次序关系、因果关系、
概括与例证关系；
*能识别语篇中的时间顺序、空间顺序、过程顺序等。
《课标》p.49
衔接与连贯：衔接是一种语篇特征；连贯是一种语篇评价。
01
02
新高考题型“七选五”要求借助语篇中新旧信息的布局及承接关系，语篇成分之间的语义逻辑关系，分析设空(句)与段落、篇章等的连贯性，确定正确选项。
连贯性指语篇给人一种意义上的流畅感，由词序得出：
1.根据每一个句子是如何结尾和下一个句子如何起头，
来判断一系列句子是否有粘连性；
2.根据语篇中所有句子起头的方式，来判断整个语篇
是否有连贯性。
分析的维度：宏观与微观
宏观结构分析
立足语篇整体，借助篇章分析模式，关注段落组成、层次结构，还原作者谋篇布局和意图。
学生通过熟悉“有关不同类型语篇文体结构方面的语篇知识”形成图式。
微观语篇解读
语篇分析
通过语法衔接、词汇衔接、逻辑关系衔接等去寻找词与词、词与句、句与篇之间的关系。
学生通过留意“语篇标记（词）”，找显性衔接。
（2018全国卷Ⅰ）Color is fundamental in home design—something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life Professional Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day 36.Whatever you’re looking for, color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.
Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. _____37_____, they can get a little complex. But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.
38. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with. They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.
Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves. 39.Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in ones in two major ways. They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.
The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 40 So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time.
A. While all of them are useful
E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces
说明文常见模式：“一般——特殊”模式
A
宏观篇章分析：形成结构图式
01
02
03
“一般——特殊”模式
1.英语中最常见、最具代表性的语篇模式，充分体现西方人的线性思维：先概括，后细节；
先综合，后分析。
2.也适用于具体段落：段首句往往是一个概括句，可以表达某种观点、看法、结论和定义，下文的例证部分是对段首句的内容进行展开、充实，来强化或论证段首句的内容（张献臣，2019）。
“问题——解决”模式
按照“提出问题—分析问题—解决问题”的篇章模式行文，有显性的因果联系。
叙事模式
拉波夫叙事模式：点题、指向、进展、评议、结局和回应六个要素。
点题：故事概要（标题或起始段落）
指向：故事时间、地点、人物和背景，是铺垫，非故事本身
进展：故事发展的曲折过程，时间序列，矛盾和冲突推动故事的发展
评议：叙述者或故事中人物对事件的看法、态度和心理，可用于制造悬念，渗透全文
结局：对故事核心矛盾的交代，故事结束，包含人物的下场、目的的实现或失败
回应：主人公悟出的道理或发出的感叹，是故事对读者的启迪或意义，点明或升华主题
段落具有整体性：主题句与拓展句相统一
The base:
the topic sentence
Each plant:
a sentence which develops the topic
A paragraph has UNITY when every sentence is relevant to the central idea.
微观语篇解读：使衔接显性化
10类逻辑关系标记词
1 列举(enumerative) first(ly), second(ly), third(ly), next, then, finally, for one thing, for another thing, eventually,
in the end, to conclude
2 增补(additive) and, again, then again, also, moreover, furthermore, in addition, above, what is more, equally,
similarly, likewise, in the same way
3 总结(summative) so, so far, altogether, overall, then, thus, therefore, in short, to sum up, to conclude,
to summarize
4 结果(resultative) so, as a result, consequently, hence, therefore, thus, in consequence, accordingly
5 解释(explicative) namely, in other words, that is to say, better, rather, by (this) we mean
6 举例(illustrative) for example, for instance
7 替代(replacive) alternatively, or again, or rather, but then, on the other hand
8 对照(antithetic) instead, then, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand
9 让步(concessive) anyway, anyhow, however, nevertheless, still, though, in spite of, all the same
10 原因(causal) because, so, for, for this reason, that’s why
（2017全国卷Ⅰ） If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping. I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. 36 .
The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 37 We sleep in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning.
I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. 38 Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.
39 We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.
40 It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.
A.This time there was no tent.
B.Things are going to be improved.
C.The trip they took me on was a rough one.
D.I was to learn a lot about camping
since then, however.
E.I must say that I have certainly come to
enjoy camping.
F. After the trip, my family became quite
interested in camping.
G. There was no shade as the trees were
no more than 3 feet tall.
D
C
A
F
E
搭配：camping/ insect bites/ ill-cooked meals/ uncomfortable sleeping bags…
指称：campers/they; friends/they; my family/we; I/me;
another holiday/this time

逻辑关系：however/nevertheless/Instead
教学建议：宏观结构分析、微观语篇解读
1. 教授常见的篇章组织模式，建构结构分析图式；
2. 多维度分析语篇的衔接与连贯；
3. 研究高考真题命题规律及干扰项特征，突破难点；
4. 运用语篇（语义）分析理论，改进阅读教学。

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