资源简介

(共45张PPT)
二十四节气
The Twenty-four Traditional Chinese Solar Terms
第一章
第二章
第三章
第四章
目 录
list
origin
meaning
Beginning of Winter
壹
origin
壹
origin
As early as the Spring and Autumn Period (770–476 BC), Chinese ancestors had already established two major solar terms, ri nan zhi (日南至 'Sun South Most') and ri bei zhi (日北至 'Sun North Most').
As of the end of the Warring States Period (475–221 BC), eight key solar terms (Start of Spring, Vernal Equinox, Start of Summer, Summer Solstice, Start of Autumn, Autumnal Equinox, Start of Winter and Winter Solstice) marking the four seasons, were established according to the different positions of the sun and changes in natural phenomena.
壹
origin
The rest of the solar terms were initiated in the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC–24 AD). Hence most terms refer to the climate of Xi'an, capital of the Han Dynasty.
By the time of the han dynasties, the 24 solar terms were fully establishedand they were fully recorded in the book of huai nan zi. In 104 BC, the taichu calendar, by deng ping and other people formally put the 24 solar terms on the calendar and made clear the astronomical position of the 24 solar terms.
贰
list
立
春
二 月 四 日
万
物
生
Beginning of Spring
雨水
二 月 十八 日
露
甘
Rain Water
惊蛰
三 月 五 日
鸣
始
Awakening of Insects
至
鸟
元
春
三 月 二十一 日
分
Spring Equinox
清明
四 月 四 日
灵
祖
祭
Pure Brightness
谷雨
四 月 二十 日
谷
夏
生
Grain Rain
立夏
五 月 五日
Beginning of Summer
小满
五 月 二十一 日
死
靡
草
历史
文化
Grain Buds
芒种
六 月 六 日
争
时
Grain in Ear
夏至
六 月二十一日
Summer Solstice
小暑
七 月七日
禾
小
黄
Minor Heat
伏
雨
大暑
六 月 六 日
历史
文化
Major Heat
立秋
八 月 七 日
叶
落
桐
梧
Beginning of Autumn
处
暑
八 月二十三日
炎
即
止
End of Heat
白露
九月八日
凉
风
至
White Dew
秋分
九月 二十三 日
寒
至
雨
Autumn Equinox
寒露
十 月八日
凝
为
霜
Cold Dew
草
黄
木
霜降
十月 二十三 日
Frost Descent
立冬
八 月二十三日
Beginning of Winter
小雪
五 月 二十一 日
甚
寒
未
Minor Snow
大雪
十二 月七日
Major Snow
十二 月 二十二 日
Winter Solstice
小寒
一 月五日
冬
隆
Minor Cold
大寒
一月 二十 日
寒
极
逆
Major Cold
贰
二十四节气歌
list
Spring rain startles spring and clear valley,
春雨惊春清谷天
summer and summer are linked.
夏满芒夏暑相连
Autumn dew cold autumn frost,
秋处露秋寒霜降
winter snow, snow, winter, small and cold.
冬雪雪冬小大寒
叁
meaning
叁
meaning
the altitude of the sun
the changes of temperature
climatic change
farming culture
叁
meaning
The solar terms of Vernal Equinox, Autumnal Equinox, Summer Solstice and Winter Solstice are divided from an astronomical aspect, reflecting the turning point of the variation of the altitude of the sun.
叁
meaning
Minor Heat, Major Heat, Minor Cold, and Major Cold reflect the changes of temperature in different periods.
叁
meaning
Pure Brightness, Rain Water, Grain Rain, Minor Snow, and Major Snow, White Dew, Cold Dew, and Frost Descent reflect the phenomenon of precipitation, indicating the time and intensity of rainfall, snowfall, dew, and frost.
叁
meaning
Grain Buds and Grain in Ear reflect the maturity and harvest time of crops, while Awakening of Insects reflects observed insect activity.
肆
Beginning of Winter
Beginning of Winter
Beginning of winter or not
In ancient times, the Chinese people took the Start of Winter to be the beginning of the winter. However in fact, the Beginning of Winter is not the beginning of winter in terms of meteorology. The climate every year is different, so the beginning of winter could be quite different. And with the vast territory of China, winter of every area doesn’t begin at the same time.
肆
Welcoming the winter in ancient times
The four beginnings of the seasons were important festivals in ancient times. Before the Beginning of winter, the ancient emperor would take a shower and have no more meat. On that day, the emperor would lead his officials to the suburbs and perform the ceremony of "welcoming the winter."
肆
Eating dumplings
A legend has it that at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD25-220), "Medical Saint" Zhang Zhongjing saved many people in Henan province from a typhoid epidemic and their ears’ from being frostbitten around the Beginning of winter.
He cooked mutton, hot peppers and herbs to dispel the cold and increase body heat. He wrapped these ingredients into a dough skin and made them into an ear shape. Since then, people have learned to make the food which became known as "dumpling". Today there is still a saying that goes "Eat dumplings on the Beginning of Winter Day, or your ears will be frostbitten".
肆
Nourishing the winter
On the first day of the Beginning of Winter , there is a custom, "nourishing the winter", in Southeast China in places such as Fujian, Guangdong and Taiwan provinces. To prepare for the oncoming cold winter, people there like to eat high-calorie food such as chicken, duck, beef, mutton, and fish, which are usually stewed with the four Chinese medicines: angelica, ligusticum wallichii, Chinese herbaceous peony and rehmannia glutinosa libosch(当归、川芎、芍药、地黄四味中药), to enhance the effectiveness of the nourishment.
肆
Eating Chinese pumpkins
In Tianjin, on the first day of the Beginning of Winter, people eat dumplings stuffed with Chinese pumpkins (wogua). It is a common vegetable in North China. Generally, the pumpkins are bought in the summer and stored until the Start of Winter when they are taken out.
肆
Eating tuanzi in Wuxi
On the first day of the Beginning of Winter, people in Wuxi have a custom of eating tuanzi, a kind of traditional Chinese food made with rice. At this time, the autumn grain crops have just been sold on the market, and the tuanzi made by the newly-harvested crops tastes delicious. Most rural residents make tuanzi by themselves, while urban residents buy ready-made tuanzi. The tuanzi stuffing can be sweet bean paste, radish or lard.
肆
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