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新译林版 必修一 Unit 3 Getting along with others知识点汇总
【词汇短语】
1. Friendship on the rocks: please advise! (P30)
友谊触礁：急需建议！
on the rocks （关系）陷于困境，濒临崩溃
【例句】
The ship broke up on the rocks.
船触礁撞碎了。
Sue’s marriage is on the rocks.
苏的婚姻面临危机。
The company has been on the rocks since the Internet bubble was exploded.
自从互联网泡沫破裂了之后，这个公司就一直困难重重。
2. When I was an awkward primary school student, she was the popular girl who was willing to make friends with me. (P30)
那时，我是个拘谨的小学生，而她这个备受欢迎的女孩愿意和我做朋友。
awkward adj. 局促不安的；令人尴尬的；难对付的；笨拙的
【例句】
She seemed a little awkward when we met for the first time.
我们第一次见面时，她似乎有点儿局促。
The silence was a little awkward.
沉默有点儿尴尬。
His awkward dance amused the kids.
他笨拙的舞步把孩子们逗笑了。
【拓展】
awkwardly adv. 局促不安地；笨拙地
awkwardness n. 难堪，尴尬
3. Whether we’re walking to school, doing homework or just hanging out at the weekend, we’re hardly out of each other’s sight. (P30)
不论是去上学、做作业，还是周末出去玩儿，我们俩几乎形影不离。
sight n. 视野；视力；看见
【搭配】
out of one’s sight 脱离某人的视线
come into sight 进入视线，映入眼帘
lose one’s sight 失明
in sight 在眼前，在看得见的范围内
【例句】
The castle was out of sight as we went round a bend in the road.
我们在路上拐了个弯，就看不见城堡了。
When the thick fog disappeared, a mountain came into sight.
大雾散去之后，一座山映入眼帘。
When he lost his sight, his wife suggested that he should apply for a guide dog.
他失明后，他的妻子建议他申请一只导盲犬。
The street was so quiet, with no one in sight.
街上静悄悄的，一个人也看不见。
4. Our original plan was to see a film at the cinema that afternoon. (P30)
我们原先计划那天下午去电影院看电影。
original adj. 起初的；独创的；原作的
【例句】
I think you should go back to your original plan.
我认为你应该回头执行你原来的计划。
My job is to think up original advertising ideas.
我的工作是想出有独创性的广告方案。
As for me, to read the original work is better than to see the film based on it.
对我来说，阅读原著比看以此为蓝本的电影更好。
【拓展】
origin n. 起源，源头；身世，出身
originally adv. 原来，起初
originate vi. 起源
5. When I called her, she said she might not be able to make it to the cinema. (P30)
我打电话过去，她说她也许不能去看电影了。
make it 能够出席；准时到达；获得成功
【例句】
I’m really sorry, but I won’t be able to make it on Sunday.
非常抱歉，我星期天不能出席。
She came to China and not only made it but made it big.
她来到中国，不仅成功了，而且还发达了。
If we run, we should make it.
我们如果跑的话，应该来得及。
6. Today, however, I received a horrible surprise. (P30)
可是今天，我惊呆了。
horrible adj. 令人震惊的；可恶的，极坏的
【例句】
The nightmare is so horrible that she couldn’t help screaming.
这个噩梦太可怕，她不禁尖叫了起来。
I have this horrible feeling that he has betrayed me.
我有种不好的感觉，觉得他背叛了我。
【拓展】
horror n. 惊恐，震惊；令人震惊的事
in horror 惊恐地
to sb’s horror 令某人恐惧的是
【例句】
To the captain’s horror, he found that the ship was sinking.
让船长惊恐的是，他发现船正在下沉。
7. A classmate told me she had seen my friend chatting with another girl in a café on Saturday afternoon. (P30)
一位同学告诉我，她周六下午在咖啡厅看见我朋友在和另一个女孩聊天。
chat vi. & n. 聊天，闲聊
【搭配】
chat with/to sb = have a chat with sb 与某人聊天
【例句】
Boys are playing basketball, while girls are chatting with each other.
男孩子们在打篮球，而女孩子们在聊天。
In those days, I always had long chats with Lily.
在那些日子里，我总是会和莉莉闲聊很久。
8. Instead of recovering at home, she was out having fun with someone else. (P30)
她并没有在家养病，而是在外面和其他人玩得很开心。
recover vi. 恢复健康；恢复常态 vt. 全额收回；寻回；重新获得；恢复，重新控制
【搭配】
recover from ... 从……中恢复
recover oneself 镇静下来
【例句】
To the doctor’s great joy, the two patients have fully recovered from the operations.
让医生非常高兴的是，两位患者手术后已完全康复。
He didn’t recover himself until the next day.
直到第二天，他才镇静下来。
It will take many years for the economy to recover to pre-war levels.
经济要好多年才能恢复到战前水平。
【拓展】
recovery n. 恢复；收回；复苏
9. I was so angry that I avoided her during school all day, and I still don’t feel like responding to any of her online messages. (P30)
我气坏了，一整天我在学校都躲着她，到现在也不想回复她网上发过来的任何消息。
respond vi. & vt. 回答，回应；作出反应，响应
【搭配】
respond to ... 回应……；对……作出反应
respond with ... 以……回答；以……作为反应
【例句】
Don’t respond to any e-mails requesting personal information, no matter how official they look.
不要回应任何索要个人信息的电子邮件，不管它们看起来有多么正式。
When you are blamed, respond with humour rather than anger.
当你被责怪的时候，用幽默作出回应，而不是怒火。
【拓展】
response n. 答复；反应
in response to 响应；回答；对……有反应
【例句】
He called her in response to her enquiry.
他打电话回答了她的咨询。
10. The stress of this situation is killing me, and I’m at a loss what to do next. (P30)
这种情况带来的压力让我难受死了，我不知道接下来该怎么办。
loss n. 失去，丧失；亏损；去世；损失
【搭配】
at a loss 不知所措，困惑
【例句】
The young mother was still very weak due to loss of blood.
年轻的母亲因为失血还很虚弱。
Due to lack of experience, we made a loss of $1,000 on the deal.
由于缺乏经验，我们那笔交易亏了1000美金。
We know that the loss of his wife dealt a heavy blow to him.
我们知道妻子的离世对他是一个沉重的打击。
His departure is seen as a great loss to the company.
他的离去被视为公司的巨大损失。
After graduating from college, I’m at a loss what to do next.
大学毕业以后，我不知道接下来要做什么。
11. Don’t be so quick to judge your friend. (P31)
别这么快就对你的朋友下结论。
judge vt. & vi. 评价，（尤指）批评；判断，认为 n. 法官；裁判员
【搭配】
judge by/from 根据……判断
judge ... on sth 凭借……来判断……
【例句】
Don’t judge a book by its cover.
不要以貌取人。
Students should not be judged only on academic performance.
不要仅凭学习成绩来判断学生是否优秀。
There is no doubt that the judge’s final decision is fair.
毫无疑问，裁判的最终决定是公平的。
【拓展】
judgement n. 判断力；看法
make a judgement of/on/about ... 对……作出评价
【例句】
The spokesperson refused to make a judgement on the president’s behaviour.
发言人拒绝对总统的行为作出评价。
12. Perhaps she knows she’s in the wrong and wants to apologize, or maybe she has a simple explanation for her behaviour. (P31)
或许她知道自己错了，想向你道歉，又或许她可以明白地解释自己的行为。
apologize vi. 道歉，谢罪
【搭配】
apologize for sth 因某事道歉
apologize to sb for (doing) sth 因（做了）某事向某人道歉
【例句】
We apologize for the late departure of this flight.
本航班起飞延误，谨致歉意。
You should apologize to her for what you said.
你应该为你说的话向她道歉。
The man apologized to me for stepping on my foot.
那个男人因踩了我的脚而向我道歉。
【拓展】
apology n. 道歉，谢罪；（因不能赴会或提前离会的）致歉
make/offer/give an apology 道歉
accept/refuse one’s apology 接受/拒绝某人的道歉
owe sb an apology 欠某人一个道歉
a letter of apology 道歉信
【例句】
He made a public apology for what he had done, but she refused to accept it.
他为所做的事公开道歉，但她拒绝接受。
13. In any case, find an opportunity to have a full and frank talk with her. (P31)
无论如何，找个机会和她深入、坦诚地谈谈。
in any case 无论如何，不管怎样
【例句】
The traffic may be bad, but in any case we’ll be there in time for dinner.
交通可能很糟糕，但无论如何我们会及时到那儿吃晚饭。
There’s no point in complaining now — we’re leaving tomorrow in any case.
现在抱怨毫无意义，不管怎样我们明天都要离开。
【拓展】
in this case 在这种情况下
in that case 即使那样的话
(just) in case (...) 以防，以防万一
in no case 决不（位于句首时句子用部分倒装）
in case of sth 如果，假使
【例句】
You had better bring an umbrella, in case it rains.
以防下雨，你最好带一把雨伞。
In case of fire, do not use the elevator.
如遇火灾，勿用电梯。
In no case should anybody be allowed to stay here.
决不允许任何人在这里停留。
14. When I found out that I was tricked by him, I was really hurt and let go of our friendship. (P31)
我发现自己被他欺骗之后，真的好伤心，我放弃了那份友谊。
trick vt. 欺骗，欺诈 n. 诡计，花招；戏法
【搭配】
trick sb into doing sth = fool sb into doing sth 骗某人做某事
trick sb out of sth = cheat sb out of sth 骗走某人的某物
play a trick/tricks on sb 欺骗/捉弄/戏弄某人
【例句】
He tricked me into lending him a large sum of money.
他骗我借给了他一大笔钱。
He tricked her out of all her savings.
他骗走了她的全部存款。
The boys hid John’s bike to play a trick on him.
男孩子们把约翰的自行车藏起来捉弄他。
15. However, if your friend ignores your feelings or makes you suffer, it’s time to rethink your relationship. (P31)
可是，如果你朋友不在乎你的感受，让你难过，那就该反思一下你们的关系了。
ignore vt. 忽视，对……不予理会
【例句】
Do you frequently ignore work, study, and other activities to check your phone for messages
你经常把工作、学习和其他活动置于一旁而去查看手机信息吗？
You should not ignore your mistakes if you want to make greater progress.
你如果想取得更大的进步，就不应该忽视你的错误。
【拓展】
ignorant adj. 无知的，愚昧的
ignorance n. 无知，愚昧
【例句】
He is in ignorance of his serious illness now; that is to say, he is ignorant that he is in danger now. He shouldn’t ignore the doctor’s advice and keep staying up.
他现在不知道自己严重的病情，也就是说，他不知道自己现在处于危险之中。他不应忽视医生的劝告继续熬夜。
16. However, if your friend ignores your feelings or makes you suffer, it’s time to rethink your relationship. (P31)
可是，如果你朋友不在乎你的感受，让你难过，那就该反思一下你们的关系了。
suffer vi. 受苦，受折磨；变差 vt. 遭受，蒙受
【搭配】
suffer from 忍受，遭受；患……病；受……之苦
【例句】
Do you still suffer from a headache
你还头疼吗？
She has been suffering from the loss of memory since she had that car accident.
自从那次车祸以来，她便患了失忆症。
Though he is only 15, he suffers much pain.
他虽然只有15岁，但遭受了很多痛苦。
The factory suffered serious damage in the fire.
那个工厂在火灾中损失惨重。这本绘本的目标读者是儿童。
17. A real friend is someone whose support we can count on. (P34)
真正的朋友是我们可以依靠其支持的人。
count on 依赖，依靠，指望
【例句】
You’d better count on yourself, rather than your luck.
你最好指望你自己，而不是你的运气。
【拓展】
count down 倒计时
count ... as ... 把……视为
count sb in 把某人算入
【例句】
I no longer count her as my best friend.
我不再把她看作我最好的朋友。
If you go to play basketball tonight, count me in.
如果你们今晚去打篮球，算上我。
She has been counting down to the big day.
她已经在对这个重大的日子倒计时了。
18. We may be able to make many friends online, but these friendships can be quite shallow. (P34)
我们也许可以在网上交到很多朋友，但这样的友谊非常肤浅。
shallow adj. 肤浅的；浅薄的；浅的
【例句】
His new book was criticized for being shallow.
他的新书因内容肤浅而受到批评。
We found some strange fish in shallow waters around the coast.
我们在海边浅水水域发现了一些奇特的鱼。
【拓展】
shallowly adv. 微弱地
shallowness n. 肤浅
19. In my opinion, the following qualities form the basis of a friendship. (P37)
在我看来，以下品质构成了友谊的基础。
basis n. (pl. bases) 基础；原因；基准
【搭配】
on the basis of ... 在……的基础上；因为……
【例句】
The basis of friendship is mutual trust.
友谊的基础是相互信任。
She was promoted on the basis of her excellent performance.
她因表现好而升职了。
【拓展】
base vt. 以……为据点 n. 根基；根据
basic adj. 基本的，基础的
basically adv. 基本上
20. I must respect and support the choices he makes. (P37)
我必须尊重和支持他的选择。
respect vt. 尊重，尊敬 n. 尊敬，敬意；重视
【搭配】
respect sb for (doing) sth 因（做）某事而尊敬某人
show/have respect for sb 尊重某人
【例句】
Your parents should be treated with respect, because they brought you up.
你理应尊重你的父母，因为他们把你养大。
Everyone respects him for his readiness to help others.
每个人都因他乐于助人而尊重他。
【拓展】
respect n. 方面
respectful adj. 恭敬的
respectfully adv. 恭敬地
respective adj. 各自的
respectively adv. 各自地
respected adj. 受敬重的
【例句】
Believe it or not, the plan is perfect in every respect.
信不信由你，这个计划在每个方面都很完美。
They are each recognized specialists in their respective fields.
他们在各自的领域都被视为专家。
The children in our family are always respectful to their elders.
我们家的孩子总是很尊敬他们的长辈。
He was well respected for his devotion to charity work.
他因投身于慈善事业而受人尊敬。
21. I should also encourage him to take action to get over these difficulties. (P37)
我也应该鼓励他采取行动克服这些困难。
get over 克服；恢复常态
【例句】
To get over fear, you may try to take a couple of deep breaths.
为了克服恐惧，你可以试着深吸几口气。
He was very disappointed at not getting the first place, but he’ll get over it.
他没得到第一名非常失望，不过他会想开的。
【拓展】
get across 把……讲清楚
get around 流传；到处走动
get by on/in/with sth 靠……维持生计
get down to (doing) sth 开始做某事
get off 离开，出发；下班
get through 接通电话；完成
22. I should do all I can to help him become a more efficient learner. (P37)
我应该尽我所能帮助他成为一名更高效的学习者。
efficient adj. 效率高的，有功效的
【例句】
When we are younger, our bodies are more efficient at burning up calories.
当我们年轻些的时候，身体消耗卡路里的效率更高。
To better protect the Earth, we are supposed to make efficient use of natural resources.
为了更好地保护地球，我们理应有效利用自然资源。
【拓展】
inefficient adj. 效率低的
efficiently adv. 高效地
efficiency n. 效率
【例句】
We are aimed at improving efficiency, instead of extending working hours.
我们的目的是提高效率，而不是延长工作时间。
23. To me, a good friend brings out the best in a person. (P37)
在我看来，好朋友能激发出一个人身上最好的一面。
bring out 使显现，使表现出
【例句】
He is a perfect leader because he can bring out the best in others.
他是一个特别棒的领导，因为他能扬人之长。
【拓展】
bring out 生产，出版
bring about 引起，导致
bring up 抚养
【例句】
They plan to bring out one new book each month.
他们计划每个月出版一本新书。
24. I’ll always value these qualities of a good friend and try to measure myself by these standards as our friendship develops. (P37)
我将一直重视好朋友的这些品质，并且随着我们友谊的发展努力用这些标准衡量自己。
measure vt. 估量，判定；测量 n. 措施；衡量
【搭配】
take measures to do sth 采取措施做某事
【例句】
It is difficult to measure the success of the campaign at this stage.
在现阶段还难以估量这场运动的成败。
Education shouldn’t be measured purely by examination results.
教育不应该仅仅用考试成绩来衡量。
He’s gone to be measured for a new suit.
他去量尺寸做新衣服去了。
We should take appropriate measures to improve our environment.
我们应当采取适当的措施来改善我们的环境。
25. As we walk the “path of life”, we may sometimes wish to be alone with our own thoughts, for quiet periods of reflection can lead to personal improvement. (P39)
走在人生的道路上，有时我们可能希望独自思考，因为静思可以实现自我的完善。
reflection n. 沉思；反射；映像；反映
【例句】
After days of reflection, she decided to take part in the competition.
想了几天之后，她决定参加比赛。
When you look at yourself in the mirror, you see a reflection.
当你照镜子的时候，你会看到一个映像。
Your choice of colour is a reflection of your personality.
你对颜色的选择反映了你的性格。
【拓展】
reflect vt. 反映，映出；反射
26. However, when we seek to be alone, we must be careful that we do not always escape into our own world. (P39)
不过，在追求独处时须小心，我们不能总是逃入自我的世界中。
seek (sought, sought) vi. 试图；寻找；争取 vt. 寻求；寻找
【搭配】
seek to do sth 试图做某事
seek sb/sth out 挑选出；物色出
seek your fortune 外出寻找发财机会；外出闯荡
【例句】
We seek to find inner peace.
我们试图寻找内心的宁静。
Seek professional advice, if you want to solve the problem faster.
如果你想更快解决问题，就要寻求专业建议。
27. However, when we seek to be alone, we must be careful that we do not always escape into our own world. (P39)
不过，在追求独处时须小心，我们不能总是逃入自我的世界中。
escape vi. & vt. 逃脱，躲避；逃跑；避开，避免；被遗忘 n. 逃离，逃脱
【搭配】
escape from sth 从……中逃脱
have a narrow escape 死里逃生
【例句】
The whole family managed to escape from the burning house unhurt.
全家设法从燃烧的房子中安然无恙地逃走了。
He narrowly escaped death in an earthquake.
他在一次地震中死里逃生。
For her, travel is an escape from the boredom of her everday life.
对她来说，旅行就是逃离乏味的日常生活。
28. More often than not, close friendships will help smooth out the sometimes rocky road that we are all meant to travel. (P39)
通常，亲密的友情能助我们踏平时而坎坷却又注定要经过的道路。
smooth out 消除（问题），克服（困难）
【例句】
Since he and Tom are friends, he is trying to smooth out the differences between them.
因为他和汤姆是朋友，所以他在努力消除两人之间的分歧。
29. More often than not, close friendships will help smooth out the sometimes rocky road that we are all meant to travel. (P39)
通常，亲密的友情能助我们踏平时而坎坷却又注定要经过的道路。
be meant to do sth 注定要做某事，应做某事
【例句】
I thought the police were meant to protect people.
我认为警察就是要保护人民的。
Capable and responsible, he is meant to be a monitor.
能力强又有责任心，他应该当班长。
30. As we live in social groups, there are many benefits of friendship that we can enjoy. (P39)
因为我们置身于社会群体中，我们可以享受到友谊的诸多益处。
benefit n. 优势，益处，成效 vt. 使受益 vi. 得益于
【搭配】
for the benefit of sb = for sb’s benefit 为了某人的利益，为帮助某人
be of (great) benefit to ... 对……（很）有益
to sb’s benefit = to the benefit of sb 对某人有利
benefit from/by sth 得益于某事
【例句】
Proper daily exercise is of great benefit to our health.
每天适量锻炼对我们的健康非常有益。
I have benefited greatly from her wisdom.
从她的智慧中我获益良多。
【拓展】
beneficial adj. 有利的，有用的
be beneficial to ... 对……有益
【例句】
A good diet is beneficial to health.
良好的饮食有益于健康。
31. Here, friendship has a double advantage — happiness takes on a greater meaning and a trouble shared becomes a trouble halved! (P39)
在此，友谊有双重优势——幸福有了更大的意义，而麻烦在分担之后减半。
take on 呈现，具有
【例句】
The small town took on a new look.
这个小镇呈现出新的面貌。
【拓展】
take on 决定做，同意负责，承担（责任）；聘用，雇用
【例句】
Project leaders are meant to take on more responsibilities.
项目组长应该要承担更多责任。
Due to the economic crisis, we will not take on new staff this year.
受经济危机影响，我们今年不招聘新员工。
32. We often find it easier to recognize other people’s weaknesses than our own. (P39)
我们经常发现，认清别人的缺点远比认清我们自身的缺点要容易。
recognize vt. 承认，意识到；认出，辨别出
【搭配】
it is recognized that ... 人们意识到……
be recognized as ... 被认为是……
【例句】
He was recognized as a genius writer.
他是个公认的天才作家。
It is widely recognized that fathers play an important role in raising children.
人们普遍认为父亲在抚养孩子的过程中起着重要的作用。
【拓展】
recognition n. 认出；承认
33. Finally, it should be pointed out that enjoying the company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends. (P40)
最后，需要指出的是，与众人为伍不等于有朋友相伴。
company n. 陪伴，作伴；公司
【搭配】
keep sb company 陪伴某人
【例句】
I’ll keep you company while you’re waiting.
你等待时我会陪伴你。
While he was dreaming to become a biologist, he runs a software company.
尽管他想当一名生物学家，但他如今却经营着一家软件公司。
【拓展】
accompany vt. 陪伴，陪同
companion n. 伴侣，伙伴
34. Finally, it should be pointed out that enjoying the company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends. (P40)
最后，需要指出的是，与众人为伍不等于有朋友相伴。
crowd n. 一伙人，一帮人；人群 vt. 挤满，使拥挤 vi. 聚集；挤，涌
【例句】
Lily introduced me to some of her usual crowd.
莉莉把我介绍给她经常见面的一些朋友们。
After the concert, crowds of people poured into the tube station.
音乐会结束后，人群涌入地铁站。
Tourists from all over the world crowded the beaches.
海滩上挤满了来自世界各地的游客。
What puzzles me is that people crowded into the supermarket to get as much toilet paper as they could.
让我困惑的是，人们涌入超市尽己所能地购买手纸。
【拓展】
crowded adj. 拥挤的
35. They admired each other and quickly became friends. (P41)
他们互相钦佩，并且很快成了朋友。
admire vt. 钦佩；欣赏
【例句】
I admire her for sticking to her principles.
我赞赏她恪守原则。
Professor Wang is much admired for her research on modern art.
王教授因其在现代艺术方面的研究而备受尊敬。
【拓展】
admirable adj. 可钦佩的，令人羡慕的
admirably adv. 可钦佩地，令人羡慕地
admirer n. 赞赏者；爱慕者，追求者
admiration n. 钦佩，羡慕，赞赏
【语法知识】
1. Our original plan was to see a film at the cinema that afternoon. (P30)
我们原先计划那天下午去电影院看电影。
动词不定式作表语
句式剖析
动词不定式to see a film在句中作表语。
要点详解
动词不定式可以接在系动词后作表语。如：
What I would suggest is to put off the meeting. 我的建议是推迟会议。
归纳拓展
动词不定式在句中也可以充当其他成分。如：
To love those who love you makes one happy. （动词不定式作主语）
爱那些爱你的人使人快乐。
He promised not to tell anyone her secret. （动词不定式作宾语）
他承诺不告诉任何人她的秘密。
He advised me to have a rest. （动词不定式作宾语补足语）
他建议我休息一下。
John is the first man to come. （动词不定式作定语）
约翰是第一个到达的人。
To lose weight, she goes on a diet. （动词不定式作状语）
为了减肥，她开始节食。
2. But this friendship is worth saving: eight years is a long time! (P31)
但是这段友谊是值得挽回的：八年时间可不短！
数词与量词作主语时的主谓一致
句式剖析
eight years所表示的时间被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
要点详解
表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等名词的复数形式作主语时，通常被看作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Speaking of jogging, three miles is a long distance for me.
说起跑步，三英里对于我来说就够长了。
To me, ten dollars is a big sum of money.
对于我来说，十美元就是一大笔钱了。
3. 限制性定语从句
(1) 限制性定语从句（restrictive relative clause）指修饰名词、代词或名词短语的从句，对所修饰的对象加以限制，表示“……的（人）”或“……的（物）”。从句不可去掉， 一旦去掉主句的意思则不完整。被修饰的名词、代词或名词短语称为先行项或先行词（antecedent）。如：
Do you know the man who is waiting outside
He showed me the photos which he took on the trip to Xi’an.
定语从句可由关系代词（relative pronouns）that、which、who、whom、whose引导。如：
The trees which are behind the office building have lost their leaves.
Simon is the poor man whose car has been stolen.
关系代词在定语从句中通常作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可以省略。如：
The boy who is running on the playground is the best runner in our school. （who作主语，不可省略）
The subject (which) I like best is English. （which作宾语，可省略）
关系代词who、whom、which、that、whose的主要用法如下：
① who引导的定语从句修饰人，who在从句中作主语或宾语；whom引导的定语从句修饰人，whom在从句中作宾语；who和whom都可以由that代替。如：
They are looking for people who/that want to join the Reading Club.
The girl (who/whom/that) you saw in the park is my cousin.
② which引导的定语从句修饰物，which在从句中作主语或宾语，可以由that代替。如：
This is the book (which/that) I want to read.
③ whose引导的定语从句，既可修饰人，也可修饰物，whose在从句中作定语。如：
I sat next to a girl whose name is Diana.
The club whose members are music fans meet in the school garden every Saturday.
关系代词也可以用作介词的宾语。在正式场合，介词可以置于关系代词前，这种情况下关系代词不可省略，也不可以用that代替。如：
Is this the magazine (which/that) you were talking about just now
= Is this the magazine about which you were talking just now
但是要注意的是，固定短语中的介词不能前置到关系代词前。如：
You are the very person (whom/that) we are looking for.
当先行项是way并且定语从句要表示“以……的方式”时，定语从句常用that或in which引导，that或in which也可以省略。如：
I like the way (that/in which) she smiles.
限制性定语从句 VS 非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句：对先行词起修饰、限制作用，为句中不可缺少的部分，主句和从句关
系非常紧密，不能用逗号分开。例：
The book that you were looking for was sold out.
The people who work in my office are very friendly.
非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明的作用，若将其去掉，不影响主句意思的完整，主句和从句之间必须用逗号分开。
除了that以外，其他的关系代词和关系副词都和限制性定语从句用法相同，只是所有关系
词都必须写上，不能省略。例：
The small town, where he once worked, has turned to be a modern industry city.
4. As we walk the “path of life”, we may sometimes wish to be alone with our own thoughts, for quiet periods of reflection can lead to personal improvement. (P39)
走在人生的道路上，有时我们可能希望独自思考，因为静思可以实现自我的完善。
as引导的时间状语从句
句式剖析
as引导时间状语从句，主句是we may sometimes wish to be alone with our own thoughts；for引导是的原因状语从句。
要点详解
as引导的时间状语从句表示“当……时候”，且往往含有“随着”的意思。如：
As time passes, her health seems to be getting worse.
随着时间的推移，她的健康状况似乎更糟了。
归纳拓展
as还可以引导原因状语从句，用于说明因果关系。如：
As we live in social groups, there are many benefits of friendship that we can enjoy.
因为我们置身于社会群体中，我们可以享受到友谊的诸多益处。
As you are in poor health, you’d better not drink and smoke.
因为你身体不好，最好就别再喝酒抽烟了。

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