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(共30张PPT)
高三一轮复习——
三大从句
解题方法
1.找到从句，判断从句类型（定从？名从？状从？）
2. 分析从句成分选引导词
如何判定从句类型？
从句类型 位置特征
定语从句 在名词之后修饰这个名词、或在整个句子后用逗号隔开，对前面的句子进行补充说明。 起形容词作用，修饰名词、代词(非限制性定语从句可修饰整个句子）

名词性从句 主语从句 在句首或在含有形式主语的句子当中。


起名词作用
宾语从句 主要在及物动词和介词之后
表语从句 在系动词之后
同位语从句 在名词之后用来解释这个名词的内容。
状语从句 位于主句前或后，在前一般用逗号隔开。 起副词作用，主要是修饰整个句子，作时间、地点、条件、原因、结果、目的、让步、方式和比较状语从句。
（一）定语从句中的关系词
1、关系代词的基本用法
定语：whose (人，物)
注意：what不可引导定从！！！
看____后是否有名词，是否有所属关系！
（一）定语从句中的关系词
2、关系副词的基本用法
状语：where, when, why
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
Quiz
【例1】
Look out! Don't get too close to the house ___ roof is under repair.
A. whose B. which C. of which D. that
whose+n.
=the +n.+of whom/which
=of whom/which+the +n.
Quiz
【例2】
Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, ___, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.
A. which B. who C. where D. whom
根据从句句意，找准先行词是人还是物！
（二） 分割式定语从句
一般情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词，可是有的时候，先行词与定语从句之间插入了另外一些内容，这样就把先行词与定语从句分隔开了，这类定语从句叫分隔式定语从句。
这类句子应特别注意：不要误把插入部分当先行词。
Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, ___, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.
A. which B. who C. where D. whom
Quiz
【例3】（天津）
Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _____, of course, made the others envy him.
A. who B. that C. what D. which
“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，介词的宾语只能用which（物）或whom（人）。
（1）考查该结构中的介词的选用
1．He was educated at Peking University, ______ which he went on to Cambridge.
2．Gun control is a subject _______ which Americans have argued for a long time.
3．I’ll never forget the day _______ which I met the famous singer.
A. 句子意思的需要
B. 从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配习惯
C. 先行词和介词的搭配习惯
（三） “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句（10）
after
about
on
“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，介词的宾语只能用which（物）或whom（人）, 关系代词作定语时也可用whose,且都不能省略。
（1）考查该结构中的介词的选用
1．He was educated at Peking University, ______ which he went on to Cambridge.
2．Gun control is a subject _______ which Americans have argued for a long time.
3．I’ll never forget the day _______ which I met the famous singer.
A.先行词和介词的搭配习惯
B. 从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配习惯
C.句子意思的需要
（三） “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句（10）
after
about
on
Quiz
【例4】
Between the two parts of the concert is an interval（幕间休息）, _____ the audience can buy some ice cream.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
=during which
关系副词when的先行词：day, week,month,year
time(一段时间),period
age (时代)
when＝表示时间的介词 (in/at/on/during…)＋which
Quiz
【例5】
Students should involve themselves in community activities _____ they can gain experience for growth.
A. who B. when C. which D. where
关系副词 where 的考查是重点！
先行词：1.大地点
2.小地点
3.“抽象地点”：situation, case, stage(阶段), point(地步), activity, society, system,platform(平台), position(位置，职位), atmosphere, environment, scene（场景）...
=in which
老师，我都记住啦！
where＝表示地点的介词(in/at/on/under…)＋which
Quiz
【例6】
The reason _____ he came late is not known.
A. that B. which C. that D. why
why=for which
（四）易混辨析
1. that Vs. which
只 能 用 that 而 不 用 which 的 情 况 先行词是all，little，few，some, much, none，anything，something，everything，nothing等不定代词时
Tell me anything that you know.
当先行词被the only，the very (恰巧，正好)， the same，the right，any, every, some, no, all, few, little, much, just等修饰时
This is the very book that I want to buy.
当先行词是序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时
This is the best movie that I’ve ever seen.
当先行词既有人又有物时
They were talking about persons and things that they remembered.
当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时
Which is the book that you like best
只能用which而不用that的情况 非限制性定语从句中
He gave me a present, which made me very happy.
关系词前有介词
This is a house in which he once lived.
=This is a house which/that he once lived in.
1. that Vs. which
2. as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别
as which
example As is known to everybody, Chinese people are hard-working. He came late, which made the teacher very angry.
先行词 整个主句或主句中的一部分内容
位置 灵活，句首，句中，句尾 只能置于主句之后
意义 “正如，像，由……可知” “这一点，这件事”
惯用语 as的惯用语 as you can see 正如你所看到的 as is reported 正如报道的那样 /
from where 与 from which 混用
【误】 They stood on the top of the building, from which they could see the whole city.
【正】 They stood on the top of the building, from where they could see the whole city.
[解析] from where ＝from the top of the building，
from which ＝from the building，显然前者比较合适。
规则：有时为了表达更清楚，可以在关系副词where/when前加上介词to, from等，如：
China is the birth place of kites, from where kites spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.
名词性从句
如何识别名词性从句？
主从：句首、it is adj./n./v-ed＋主从
That Forrest Gump saved others during the war surprised us.
宾从：动宾、介宾、形宾
Mum always told me that life was like a box of chocolate.
如何识别名词性从句？
表从：系动词后
The truth is that you never know what you’re going to get.
同位从：名词后
The fact that Forrest Gump saved others during the war surprised us.
连接词的判断——连词
分类 词形 词义 从句担当成分 主语 从句 宾语 从句 表语 从句 同位语从句 功能
区别
连 词 that 只起连接作用，在从句中不充当成分
whether 是否
if 是否
whether和if的区别（非重点）
1.If引导主语从句不放在句首
2.在宾语从句中，以下情况要用whether不用if：
（1）在to do 不定式之前时，只用whether不用if；
（2）介词后的宾语从句，只用whether不用if；
（3）与or not 连用时，只用whether不用if；
（4）在discuss、advise、consider等少数动词后引导宾从时，只用whether不用if。
连接词的判断——连接代词
分类 词形 词义 从句担当成分 主语 从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 功能区别
what whatever 什么/….的人/事 无论什么（东西） 主宾 表定
既起连接作用，本身又做主语、宾语、表语或定语
which whichever 哪一个 无论哪个/些 主宾 表定
连接代词 who whoever 谁 无论谁 主语 表语
whom whomever 谁 无论谁 宾语
whose whosever 谁的 无论谁的 主宾 表定
连接词的判断——连接副词
分类 词形 词义 从句担当成分 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 功能区别
连 接 副 词 when whenever 什么时间 无论何时 状语
既起连接作用，本身又是从句的状语
where wherever 什么地方 无论何地 状语
why 为什么 状语
how however 怎样/如何 无论怎样 状语
表语从句的引导词
表语从句的引导词
判断规则
首先找出从句，并判断是否为名词性从句
其次看从句是否缺成分
若缺主宾表定语选连接代词
若不缺主宾表定，则考虑使用连词或副词
看缺不缺含义，不缺含义选that，缺“是否”选whether/if，缺时间地点方式原因选连接副词
状语从句
缺什么词义补什么词
时间、地点、条件、原因、结果、目的、让步、方式、比较状语从句

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