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高考英语一轮语法复习－虚拟语气
1.虚拟语气的定义
虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望或者假想,所说的是一个条件而非事实,甚至与事实相反。
2.虚拟语气的形式
①if引导的虚拟语气
1. 巩固练习
1）高考真题
①[2013·湖南卷] He ________ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.
A. wouldn't B．shouldn't
C．couldn't D．mustn't
②[2013·浙江卷] Eye doctors recommend that a child's first eye exam ________ at the age of six months old.
A. was B．be C．were D．is
③[2013·重庆卷] --What are you doing this Saturday
--I'm not sure, but I ________ go to the Rolling Stones concert.
A．must B．would C．should D．might
④[2013·安徽卷] I ________ to my cousin's birthday party last night, but I was not available.
A．went B．had gone C．would go D．would have gone
⑤[2013·北京卷] If we ________ a table earlier, we wouldn't be standing here in a queue.
A. have booked B．booked
C．book D．had booked
⑥[2013·北京卷] --You needn't take an umbrella. It isn't going to rain.
--Well, I don't know. It ________ do.
A. might B．need
C. would D．should
⑦[2013·江西卷] When I was a child, I ________ watch TV whenever I wanted to.
A. should B．could
C．must D．Need
⑧[2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ] Since nobody gave him any help, he ________ have done the research on his own.
A. can B．must
C．would D．Need
⑨[2013·重庆卷] --It rained cats and dogs this morning.I'm glad we took an umbrella.
--Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we ________.
A．hadn't B．haven't
C．didn't D．don't
⑩[2013·浙江卷] I ________ myself more--it was a perfect day.
A. shouldn't have enjoyed B．needn't have enjoyed
C．wouldn't have enjoyed D．couldn't have enjoyed
2) 语法填空(改编自2021年新高考I卷)
It is always highly recommended that Mount Huangshan _____1______(pay) a visit to, which reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. ____2____is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will ___3____(undoubted) help you get refreshed! It’s strange that the colder the temperature gets, the hotter the spring _____4______(be)! But that’s how nature is -- always leaving us ____5____(astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ____6____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ____7____offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ____8____ (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ____9____(I).While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ____10____ must to visit!
3) 写作运用
翻译下列句子：
①(2022年全国乙卷)我真诚地建议同学们在课余时间以多种方式参与到英语学习中来,这一定益于我们的全面发展。
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②(2021年全国甲卷)如果你能对我伸出援手,帮助我了解最受欢迎的中国传统文化的话,我将感激不尽！
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③(2020·新课标III)如果您方便的话,我们可以约定在本周五下午3：00么？
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④(2019·全国卷I)如果您能将我考虑在即将到来的中国画展志愿者名单内/提供给我这次宝贵的机会,我将感激不尽。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
⑤(2018·全国卷II)任何有意义的建议,我们都会考虑的。请大家踊跃提出建议！
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
⑥(2021年1月浙江卷卷)如果不是你温暖的笑容和贴心的帮助,我们的友谊不可能如现在一般深厚。
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2. 巩固练习(教师版)
2）高考真题
①[2013·湖南卷] He ________ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.
A. wouldn't B．shouldn't
C．couldn't D．mustn't
[解析] C　 考查情态动词。句意：尽管他想睡,但是却睡不着,当时他一直在拼命想着一件事,直到想清楚了为止。此处couldn't意为 “不能”,符合题意。
②[2013·浙江卷] Eye doctors recommend that a child's first eye exam ________ at the age of six months old.
B. was B．be C．were D．is
[解析] B　考查虚拟语气。recommend作“建议”讲时,后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气,即从句中谓语动词用should do,其中should可以省略,故选B项。
③[2013·重庆卷] --What are you doing this Saturday
--I'm not sure, but I ________ go to the Rolling Stones concert.
B．must B．would C．should D．might
[解析] D 　考查情态动词。由前面的“I'm not sure…”可知是不太确定,因此用might表示“有可能”。
④[2013·安徽卷] I ________ to my cousin's birthday party last night, but I was not available.
B．went B．had gone C．would go D．would have gone
[解析] D　 考查虚拟语气。前一分句使用了含蓄条件虚拟语气,表示与过去事实相反的假设,主句应该用would have done结构。完整表达是：I would have gone to my cousin's birthday party last night if I had been available, but I was not available.
⑤[2013·北京卷] If we ________ a table earlier, we wouldn't be standing here in a queue.
A. have booked B．booked
C．book D．had booked
[解析] D　考查虚拟语气。条件句“如果我们提前预订”是对过去的假设,所以用过去完成时,选D项。
⑥[2013·北京卷] --You needn't take an umbrella. It isn't going to rain.
--Well, I don't know. It ________ do.
A. might B．need
C. would D．should
[解析] A　考查情态动词。对于下雨与否不知道,所以选用语气最弱的情态动词might,仅仅表示非常不肯定的猜测。
⑦[2013·江西卷] When I was a child, I ________ watch TV whenever I wanted to.
A. should B．could
C．must D．Need
[解析] B　考查情态动词。句意：当我还是孩子时,我想看电视时就可以看。should应该,将会；could意为“可以,能够”,符合语境；must必须,一定；need需要。
⑧[2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ] Since nobody gave him any help, he ________ have done the research on his own.
A. can B．must
C．would D．Need
[解析] B　考查情态动词。句意：既然没有人给他任何帮助,他一定是自己做的那项研究。此处用must表示接近事实的推测。can“能够”,也可以用在一般疑问句或否定句中表示推测,意为“怎么可能或不可能”；would过去常常,愿意；need需要。
⑨[2013·重庆卷] --It rained cats and dogs this morning.I'm glad we took an umbrella.
--Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we ________.
A．hadn't B．haven't
C．didn't D．don't
[解析] A　考查虚拟语气。主句用would have done结构,从句对应用had done结构,答语省略了 taken the umbrella。
⑩[2013·浙江卷] I ________ myself more--it was a perfect day.
A. shouldn't have enjoyed B．needn't have enjoyed
C．wouldn't have enjoyed D．couldn't have enjoyed
[解析] D　考查情态动词。句意：我从没有玩得这么高兴过----真是完美的一天。此处是not与more连用,表示肯定,相当于最高级形式,同时couldn't have done表示“过去本不可能做过某事,但实际上却做了”,是对过去情况的一种推测,故选D项。
2) 语法填空(改编自2021年新高考I卷)
It is always highly recommended that Mount Huangshan _____1______(pay) a visit to, which reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. ____2____is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will ___3____(undoubted) help you get refreshed! It’s strange that the colder the temperature gets, the hotter the spring _____4______(be)! But that’s how nature is -- always leaving us ____5____(astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ____6____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ____7____offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ____8____ (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ____9____(I).While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ____10____ must to visit!
参考答案：1.(should) be paid 2. What 3. undoubtedly 4. (should) be 5. astonished 6. was 7. and 8. aching/achy 9. mine 10. a

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