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Imagine this. There’s an apple and a piece of cake on a table. Which one would you like The delicious cake or the healthy apple A bestseller, Willpower: Rediscovering Our Greatest Strength, suggests that willpower (意志力) is the ability to make decisions that are better for us in the long term, rather than in the short term.
Here is a famous experiment in the book: The Marshmallow Test. In 1972, Professor Walter Mischel tested the willpower of 600 four-year-olds to six-year-olds. In the experiment, each child was left alone in a room for fifteen minutes with a marshmallow (棉花软糖) on a table in front of them. They were given two choices: they could either eat it or, if they waited fifteen minutes, they’d be given a second one (and then they could eat both).
So, what did the kids do Well, as you can imagine, 70% ate the first marshmallow within the fifteen minutes. But the other 30% showed willpower—they controlled themselves and waited for the second marshmallow. But then Mischel discovered something really interesting. Twenty years later, he got in touch with the children, who, by then, were in their early twenties. And he found that those who’d shown strong willpower were getting better marks at university and were more popular.
Willpower is like a muscle (肌肉), and the more you exercise it, the stronger it gets. So, if you do daily “self-control exercises”, such as making your bed or brushing your teeth, you’ll improve your overall willpower. And daily willpower exercises will help you with those bigger goals, such as studying for an exam or training for a marathon.
Be careful though. Just like any muscle, your “willpower muscle” can get tired. If you’ve had to do lots of things that require willpower, take a break or give yourself a treat. That way, you’ll build up your willpower again.
And one last thing, the writer mentions people who learn foreign languages usually have a lot of willpower. So, congratulations!
1．How many children got two marshmallows in the Marshmallow Test in 1972
A．180. B．240. C．420. D．600.
2．In Paragraphs 2&3, the famous experiment explains ________.
A．more kids have stronger willpower B．willpower influences people’s lives greatly
C．how people practice children’s willpower D．marshmallows can help improve willpower
3．The writer probably agrees that ________.
A．all the language learners have stronger willpower
B．willpower can’t be improved by doing some daily things
C．young kids don’t need to practice willpower like grown-ups
D．people with strong willpower can achieve their goals more easily
4．According to the passage, people who ________ might have strong willpower.
A．do regular piano practice every day B．give up morning running halfway
C．eat as much junk food as they like D．usually get up late on the cold morning
5．This passage is most probably from ________.
A．a food magazine B．an experiment report C．a science magazine D．a sports report
Madame de Stael says that only the people who can play with children are able to educate them. For success in training children, the first condition is to become a child oneself. It means to treat the child as really one’s equal, that is, to show him the same consideration, the same kind of confidence one shows to an adult. It means not to affect the child to be what we ourselves want him to become, but to be affected by the impression of what the child himself is; not to treat the child with cheating, or by force, but with the seriousness and true love suitable to his own character.
Not leaving the child in peace is the greatest problem of present methods of training children. Parents do not see that during the whole life, the need of peace is never greater than an inner peace under all outside liveliness in the years of childhood.
But what does a child experience Corrections, orders, interference (干涉), the whole livelong day. The child is always required to leave something alone, or to do something different, to find something different, or to want something different from what he does. He is always guided in another direction from the true inner will that is leading him. All of this is caused by our so-called enthusiasm in directing, advising, and helping the child to become the same model produced in one assembly line (流水线). Understanding, the deepest characteristic of love, is almost always absent.
To bring up a child means carrying one’s soul in one’s hand; it means never placing ourselves in danger of meeting the cold look on the face of the child. It means the truth that the ways of injuring the child are limitless while the ways of being useful to him are few. How seldom does the educator remember that the child, even at four or five years of age, has already had a sharp feeling! The smallest mistrust and unkindness, the least act of injustice, leave wounds that last for life in the heart of the child. While, on the other hand, unexpected friendliness and kindness make quite a deep impression on those soft senses.
6．According to the passage, children, are experiencing ________.
A．corrections, orders and peace B．orders, interference and peace
C．interference, orders and corrections D．peace, guide and praise
7．If you were a parent, which of the following methods is TRUE according to the text
A．You should require your children to do something different, to find something different.
B．You could train your children as you wish them to be.
C．You should sometimes leave your children in peace as they wish in their childhood.
D．You should correct your children immediately if their behavior is not what you want.
8．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “enthusiasm”
A．兴趣 B．热情 C．耐心 D．乐趣
9．According to the author, the right way to educate children is that people should ________.
A．play with the children with enthusiasm all day long just to please them
B．try to give an order, advice and suggestions to their children at any time
C．help their children to become the same model produced in one assembly line
D．regard their children as an equal to them and have understanding of the inner peace of them
10．The passage mainly talks about ________.
A．misleading zones and right ways in educating children
B．common problems in training children
C．what should be taught to children
D．the importance of educating children
New Zealand is a beautiful island country in the Pacific Ocean. There, snowy mountains rise high above the sea and grassy hills go across the land for miles. However, if you spend some time walking around the land, you’ll smell something different. Almost 30 million sheep and 10 million cows travel around those green hills and each one of them is farting (放屁).
That may sound like a joke. But scientists aren’t laughing. There are more cows and sheep than people in New Zealand: eight to one. And these animals fart more than 4 million tons of gas every year.
That gas adds to one of the most dangerous problems we face today: global warming (全球变暖). The gas that farm animals produce is called methane (甲烷), a greenhouse gas which can lead to climate (气候) change. But sheep and cows are not the main reason. Most greenhouse gases are produced by factories and cars.
But in New Zealand, farm animals produce almost half the country’s greenhouse gases. That’s why scientists in New Zealand are working hard to solve the problem. They’ve found medicine that can reduce gas in sheep and cows. But most farm animals in New Zealand walk free. It’s hard to round them up to give them medicine.
There’s also a third plan. Some scientists have put sheep in special sealed cages (密封笼子). They measure (测量) the gas that a sheep produces. It helps scientists find that some sheep naturally make less gas than others. When they give birth to those sheep together, their baby sheep farts less than their cousins.
It’s only a small improvement. But those baby sheep just might make the planet a better place to live.
11．Which statement is true about New Zealand
A．The numbers of cows are dropping.
B．There are more cows and sheep than people.
C．Farm animals are in danger because of global warming.
12．The problem that cows and sheep brought to New Zealand is ________.
A．air pollution B．sea level rise C．fewer grassland
13．What can the special sealed cages help do
A．Stop sheep from farting.
B．Give birth to sheep together.
C．Pick out sheep that produces less gas.
14．How does the writer feel about the third plan
A．It might work. B．It will cost too much. C．It’s meaningless.
15．The reading material above is most probably from ________.
A．a move poster B．a science fiction C．a magazine
Li Meixi, 12, feels worried about her looks—not her face, but her clothes. When she sees fashionable people on the street, she avoids running into them. “I am afraid that they think I am out of style. Ashamed of my common ordinary clothes, I feel like I don’t even deserve (值得) to walk on the same street with them,” said Li, from Chengdu, Sichuan.
What Li is experiencing is fashion worries. It bothers many people today. They are worried about their clothes, afraid of being seen out of style. A vlogger shared a video about her fashion anxiety on Sina Weibo and it quickly became a hot topic.
A big reason for fashion worries is fashion bullying (霸凌), experts said. As fashion magazines, advertisements and idols (偶像) show off the “latest and greatest” trends (潮流), there’s a lot of pressure on people, especially teenagers, to follow them, no matter how expensive it might be. “The need to belong in groups is very important to young learners and exclusion (偶像) is something they see as the end of the world,” said Andy Cranham, a teacher at City of Bristol College, UK.
Another reason some people might have fashion worries is that they don’t have a sense of self-identity (自我认同), said The Paper. It looks like we feel worried about our clothes, but actually we are not confident enough. So we care about how fashionable people look at us. We easily doubt or even blame ourselves. The reality is that those people usually don’t notice us at all.
Fashion trends come and go, always changing. Instead of rushing to follow a trend, the key is to find your own style. If you’re able to wear something with confidence, you will be the one starting a trend. More importantly, the clothes are just a part of your image. It can’t tell the true you. What also matters is your personality and abilities.
16．Li Meixi feels ________ when he saw people in style on the same street.
A．ordinary B．ashamed C．worried
17．What is the meaning of the underlined word “bother” in Chinese
A．困扰 B．恼火 C．影响
18．What is the correct structure of the passage
A．①②/③④/⑤ B．①/②/③④⑤ C．①②③/④/⑤
19．Which of the following is true according to the passage
A．It makes us doubt ourselves that fashionable people always notice us.
B．The pressure on people is from showing off the latest and greatest trends.
C．Some people who are confident enough might have fewer worries about their looks.
20．From the last paragraph, we can learn ________.
A．the fashion trend is easy to follow
B．finding our own style is following the trend
C．the personalty and ability is also important to our image
Nowadays, many people choose to continue working in their spare time because of much pressure from supporting their families. However, a study shows that instead of spending your spare time at work in hopes of getting a raise, maybe you should go to the gym. That’s because it could make you happy just like the money you made during this time. A new interesting study in The Lancet found that people who enjoy doing exercise have a greater sense of happiness than those who don’t.
Researchers from Oxford and Yale Universities used data collected from more than 1.2 million Americans. They were asked, “How many times have you felt uncomfortable because of mental problems in the past 30 days ” They were also asked about their exercise habits and were able to choose from 75 kinds of activities, including doing housework and childcare, running, weightlifting, and cycling.
The researchers found that the people who exercise regularly feel bad for an average of 35 days per year while the people doing little exercise feel bad for an additional 18 days. From the study, people who exercised had 43 percent fewer days of poor mental health in the past month than people who did not exercise. All exercise types can lead to a lower mental health burden (负担).
Social activities for exercising like team sports had an even more positive effect, although cycling was the most popular. Perhaps that’s because it takes place outdoors, which is always a way for people to get rid of stress.
It is possible to get too much exercise. Business Insider’s write-up on the study said, “The mental health of those people who exercised for longer than three hours a day suffered more than that of those who didn’t exercise.” The right amount seems to be three to five times per week, lasting 30 to 60 minutes each. The key point should be that any amount helps, so don’t force yourself to hit that perfect balance. All exercise types result in a lower mental health burden than not exercising.
21．From Paragraph 2 we can learn ________.
A．what the study found B．when the study started
C．how the study was conducted D．why the study was carried out
22．What is the purpose of the last paragraph
A．To warn people of the harm of exercise.
B．To recommend a website for exercise.
C．To show the proper amount of exercise.
D．To show people a special opinion on exercise.
23．What is mainly discussed in the text
A．The best way for people to remain active.
B．The activities that are good for people’s health.
C．The commonest mental problems among people.
D．The relationship between exercise and mental health.
The Grand Canal is the mother river of Yangzhou. Simultaneous (同时) with her, Yangzhou city was built, developed, achieved prosperity (繁荣), and even went into less importance with her downfall. Pi Rixiu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, once made the following comment on Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty who had the Grand Canal built: “Everyone complains that the Sui Dynasty ended because of the canal; however, it is still an important way for people to travel. If he hadn’t had so many palaces and dragon boats built, his merits could have been compared with Dayu.” The poet not only criticized the emperor’s dissolute behavior, but also fully recognized his achievements. Nowadays, the Grand Canal still shoulders the responsibilities of transporting coal from the North to the South, transporting grain from the South to the North, and delivering water from the South to the North.
The ancient Guazhou Ferry is located where the ancient canal and the Yangtze River meet. The following is a famous ancient poem eulogizing the Guazhou Ferry. Moonlight on the Spring River by Zhang Ruoxu, a Yangzhou citizen in the Tang Dynasty, described the beautiful scenery of Guazhou of the dim moonlight with gently flowing river.
In spring the river rises as high as the sea,
And with the river’s tide uprises the moon bright,
She follows the rolling waves for ten thousand li,
Where’er the river flows, there overflows her light. (Zhang Ruoxu)
According to the government’s planning, every effort will be made to maintain the original style of the ancient neighborhoods and streets in the old town of Guazhou.
24．We can know from the passage that ________.
A．Yangzhou city achieved prosperity all the time
B．Pi Rixiu was a poet of the Qing Dynasty
C．the Grand Canal still plays an important role nowadays
D．Sui Dynasty ended because of the Grand Canal
25．What does the underlined word “eulogizing” in Paragraph 2 mean in Chinese
A．Producing. B．Praising. C．Presenting. D．Painting.
26．In Zhang Ruoxu’s poem, the word “sea” rhymes with “________”.
A．bright B．li C．light D．river
27．This passage would most likely be found in a book of ________.
A．culture B．nature C．novel D．food
Your friends come to visit you at your home. Should you ask them to take off their shoes In many countries around the world, taking off your shoes indoors is a polite thing to do. However, it’s actually more than just polite. It’s good hygiene, too.
Bacteria (细菌) like to grow on shoes. Some of them can be dangerous, according to scientists from the University of Houston in the US. One of the most common kinds of bacteria on your shoes is Escherichia coli (大肠杆菌).
Researchers found this bacteria on 96 percent of the shoes they studied. Some types of Escherichia coli can cause diarrhea (腹泻) or even brain diseases. Other bacteria found on shoes can be harmful to our skin, blood and heart.
But we don’t need to worry about this too much. For healthy people, the bacteria found on shoes will likely have little or no risk, according to Live Science. Healthy people have to come into contact with thousands of harmful bacteria in order to become sick.
Also, bacteria mostly stay on the ground. But most of us don’t spend a lot of time on the ground. “In this case, you’re not going to get sick from it,” according to Jonathan Sexton from the University of Arizona, US. However, children who often climb around on the floor and people who are unhealthy should be careful about these bacteria. For healthy adults, it is not too big of an issue.
28．According to the passage, Escherichia coli is ________.
A．dangerous and common B．harmful but useful
C．dangerous but necessary D．harmful and powerful
29．Escherichia coli is harmful to our body EXCEPT ________.
A．blood B．heart C．stomachache D．throat
30．Why do healthy people get sick according to the passage
A．Because they don’t take off the shoes before they get into the house.
B．Because Escherichia coli can cause diarrhea or even brain disease.
C．Because they come into contact with thousands of harmful bacteria.
D．Because they don’t pay attention to their health as unhealthy people.
31．In this passage the underlined word “hygiene” means ________.
A．卫生 B．礼仪 C．节约 D．安全
32．We can infer from the passage that ________.
A．taking off shoes is good hygiene although it’s not polite
B．researchers found Escherichia coli on all the shoes they studied
C．the old and unhealthy people are easier to get Escherichia coli
D．healthy adults don’t need to worry too much about Escherichia coli
China’s Shenzhou-13 crew members, Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu livestreamed (II播) the first science lecture from the country’s space station on Thursday, December 9, 2021, which amazed many students on the earth.
All crew members greeted students, teachers and other participants when the lecture started. They showed viewers how they lived and worked inside the space station, which currently includes a core module (核心舱), a spacecraft and two robotic cargo spaceships.
The astronauts showed their exercise equipment and a specially designed space suit and conducted demonstrations (演示) on physical phenomena (现象) in microgravity, such as “disappearing buoyancy (浮力)” and a “water ball”. Ye, who is on his first spaceflight, showed how he rotated (旋转) his body in the weightless environment. The astronauts also answered questions from students during the lecture.
Tens of millions of primary and middle school students across China watched the televised event hosted by the China Manned Space Agency, the Ministry of Education and other government departments.
It was the first lecture of the Tiangong Class, China’s first extraterrestrial (外显的) lecture series to popularize space science.
More lectures will be held based on the country’s manned spaceflights and will also be presented by Chinese astronauts. the Manned Space Agency said. Such activities aim to spread knowledge about manned spaceflights and spark enthusiasm (热情) for science among young people.
Shi Yi, a physics teacher from Tianjin, said the space lecture was an eye-opening experience that would develop students’ interest in science.
Wang Yishan, a fifth-grade student at the Beijing No. 101 Middle School, said, “The astronauts’ experiments really interested and surprised me. I have great interest in spaceflight and would like to take part in our country’s space exploration program in the future.”
Vincent Wong Wai-shing, headmaster of Hongkong’s Pui Kiu College, said the event gave Hong Kong students a chance to communicate with the astronauts while developing their interest in space and science. “It also helped to strengthen their sense of national identity (民族认同) as they saw the rapid progress of our country’s space technology,” he said.
33．What is the space station made up of at present
A．A core module, a spacecraft and two robotic cargo spaceships.
B．A core module, a water ball, and two robotic cargo spaceships
C．A core module, a spacecraft and a specially designed space suit.
D．A exercise equipment, a water ball and disappearing buoyancy.
34．What does the underlined word “microgravity” in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese
A．微软 B．微循环 C．微生物 D．微重力
35．Which of the following is TRUE about the purpose of holding more lectures on China’s manned spaceflight
①It will spread knowledge about manned spaceflights.
②It will amaze students on the earth.
③It will ignite students’ interest in science.
④It will spark enthusiasm for science among young people.
A．①②③ B．①②③④ C．①③④ D．②③④
36．What can we learn from the passage
A．The space lecture reduced students’ interest in science and astronauts.
B．Hong Kong students would like to take part in space exploration program in the future.
C．The event gave Vincent Wong Wai-shing a chance to communicate with the astronaut.
D．The event is one of China’s first extraterrestrial lecture series.
Governments around the world are pushing for an end to plastic straws（吸管）and bags. More and more businesses are switching（转换）to paper products as an alternative（可供选择的事物）. Paper is considered by many to be better than plastic. However, it is harmful to the environment, too.
Firstly, paper bags and straws are made from trees. Trees, as you know, can reduce carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere（大气）. They can slow down climate change. An increase in the use of paper bags can cause more deforestation（毁林）.
Secondly, the production of paper things requires more energy and water. About 10 percent more energy and four times as much water is used to produce a paper bag than a plastic one. You might say that we can use recycled paper to save that energy and water. This seems to be a good idea. However, it takes even more energy and water to go through the recycling process（过程）than to make a new paper bag. Products made from recycled paper are also often short-lived.
Furthermore, paper products are heavier than plastic ones. That means they require more fuel to transport. Seven trucks are needed to transport two million paper bags, while only one truck is needed to transport the same number of plastic bags. The increased weight also leads to a larger amount of waste once the bags are thrown away.
Paper products are actually a lose-lose for both the environment and businesses. They are more expensive than plastic products. A paper straw costs about 5 to 12 cents, while a plastic one usually costs only about 2 cents. The most environment-friendly solution（解决办法）is to avoid single-use things altogether. Products like glass water bottles and steel straws can be used over and over again. They are much better than either paper products or plastic products. Through increasing the use of these items, you can greatly reduce your throwaway waste and truly make our earth a greener place!
37．What can trees do to the environment
A．They can make carbon dioxide levels lower in the air.
B．They can improve climate quickly.
C．They can cause more deforestation in the end.
D．They can provide materials for paper products.
38．From Paragraph 4, we can know that ________.
A．plastic products are much better than paper ones
B．paper products are easy to transport
C．one truck is needed to transport two million plastic bags
D．plastic products often lead to a larger amount of a waste
39．Which is the following should people use in order to protect the environment
A．Recycled paper bags. B．Steel knives and forks.
C．Strong plastic chairs. D．Single-use cups.
40．What is the purpose of the passage
A．To push for an end to plastic straws and bags.
B．To tell readers the disadvantages of paper products.
C．To push the use of environment-friendly products which can be recycled.
D．To introduce the importance of making our earth a greener place.
China launched the Shenzhou Ⅻ spacecraft, its seventh manned spaceflight, on Thursday morning, sending three astronauts to the core module (核心舱) of its permanent space station at 9:22 am on June 17th, 2021 at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center.
According to the overall arrangement of the Shenzhou Ⅻ manned mission, the three astronauts, Nie Haisheng, Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo, will mainly complete four tasks during their orbit (轨道), including two extravehicular (出舱) activities and extravehicular operations.
First, they will operate and manage the complex, including the in-orbit test of the Tianhe module, verification of the recycling and life support system, testing and operation training of the robotic arm, as well as management of materials and waste.
Second, they will move, assemble and test extravehicular spacesuits and perform two extravehicular activities for work.
Third, they will carry out space science experiments and technology experiments, as well as public outreach activities.
Fourth, they will manage their own health through daily life care, physical exercise, and regular monitoring and health assessment.
In 2022, two large space labs will be launched to connect with the core module. Moreover, two manned missions and two robotic cargo flights will be made that year to continue construction of the Tiangong station, which is scheduled to become complete and start formal operation around the end of 2022.
41．We can know from the passage that ________.
A．China has launched seven manned spacecrafts before 2021
B．China launched the Shenzhou Ⅻ spacecraft at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on June 17th, 2021
C．China is the only country that has launched manned spacecrafts in the world
42．What do the underlined words “robotic arm” mean
A．驱动臂 B．螺旋臂 C．机器臂
43．In the space station, Nie Haisheng ________.
A．will finish four tasks with three other astronauts
B．will step off the Shenzhou Ⅻ spacecraft
C．will only stay in the spacecraft and finish some space science experiments
44．What can we infer from the passage
A．There will be two manned missions and two robotic cargo flights in the Tiangong station by the end of 2021.
B．The astronauts will carry out space science and technology experiments in the spacecraft but they will not tell the public about their work.
C．The astronauts will do physical exercise to make them healthy in the spacecraft.
45．What’s the best title of the passage
A．The history of the manned spacecraft in China.
B．The Chinese astronauts landed in space successfully.
C．The successful launch of the Shenzhou Ⅻ spacecraft.
参考答案：
1．A
2．B
3．D
4．A
5．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了畅销书《意志力：重新发现我们最大的力量》指出，意志力是一种能力，它能做出长期而非短期对我们更有利的决定。文章通过一个著名的实验说明了意志力对人们生活的影响，并告诉我们如何来提高我们的整体意志力。
1．推理判断题。根据“In 1972, Professor Walter Mischel tested the willpower of 600 four-year-olds to six-year-olds”以及“But the other 30% showed willpower—they controlled themselves and waited for the second marshmallow”可知在1972的棉花糖测试中，共有600个孩子参加，其中有30%的孩子得到了两个棉花糖，也就是180个孩子。故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据“But then Mischel discovered something really interesting. Twenty years later, he got in touch with the children, who, by then, were in their early twenties. And he found that those who'd shown strong willpower were getting better marks at university and were more popular.”可知Mischel发现了一件非常有趣的事情。二十年后，他与孩子们取得了联系，那时他们才二十出头。他发现那些表现出强烈意志力的人在大学里成绩更好，也更受欢迎。由此可知，这个著名的实验说明了意志力对人们生活的影响很大。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据“And daily willpower exercises will help you with those bigger goals”可知每天的意志力训练会帮助你实现更大的目标，作者应同意有坚强意志力的人更容易实现他们的目标。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据“So, if you do daily “self-control exercises”, such as making your bed or brushing your teeth, you'll improve your overall willpower”可知你每天固定的去做一件事情，你就会有很强的意志力。结合选项，可知A选项“每天有规律地练习钢琴”符合题意。故选A。
5．推理判断题。根据“Here is a famous experiment in the book”可知这本书的理论从实验出发，来证实一些科学的结论，而实验只是书中的一部分，因此这篇文章可能来自一本科学杂志。故选C。
6．C
7．C
8．B
9．D
10．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了教育常常出现的误区和应该如何正确教育孩子。
6．细节理解题。根据“what does a child experience Corrections, orders, interference”可知孩子们正经历干扰、命令和更正。故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据“He is always guided in another direction from the true inner will that is leading him.”可知孩子总是被引导到一个不是他真正意志的方向，因此父母应该遵从孩子的意志，C选项表述错误。故选C。
8．词句猜测题。根据“always guided in another direction from the true inner will that is leading him”可知父母总是热衷于去引导，表达父母的错误热情。故选B。
9．推理判断题。根据“to treat the child as really one’s equal”可知正确的教育方式应该是真正平等地对待孩子。故选D。
10．主旨大意题。根据“for success in training children”和“the greatest problem of present methods of training children”可知文章提到两方面：误区和正确方式。故选A。
11．B
12．A
13．C
14．A
15．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了新西兰的科学家正在努力解决农场动物产生的温室气体以及我们面临的全球变暖的问题。
11．细节理解题。根据第二段“There are more cows and sheep than people in New Zealand: eight to one.”可知，新西兰的牛羊比人多：八比一。由此可知新西兰牛和羊比人多。故选B。
12．细节理解题。根据第四段“But in New Zealand, farm animals produce almost half the country’s greenhouse gases.”可知，可知牛羊给新西兰带来问题是空气污染。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“They measure (测量) the gas that a sheep produces. It helps scientists find that some sheep naturally make less gas than others.”可知特种密封笼可知帮助挑选产气少的羊。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It’s only a small improvement. But those baby sheep just might make the planet a better place to live.”(这只是一个小小的进步。但这些小绵羊可能会让这个星球变得更适合居住。)可推出作者对第三个计划感想是这可能有用。故选A。
15．推理判断题。根据全文可知本文主要讲的是新西兰的科学家正在努力解决新西兰牛羊产生气体加剧了我们今天面临的最危险的问题之一：全球变暖这个问题。结合选项可知本文不可能出自海报或者科幻小说，最可能来自一本杂志。故选C。
16．B
17．A
18．A
19．B
20．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了什么是时尚焦虑以及引起时尚焦虑的原因。
16．细节理解题。根据“I am afraid that they think I am out of style. Ashamed of my common ordinary clothes, I feel like I don’t even deserve (值得) to walk on the same street with them”她说她为自己平常的穿着感到羞耻，觉得自己甚至不配和他们走在同一条街上。可知她感觉羞耻。故选B。
17．词义猜测题。根据“What Li is experiencing is fashion worries.”李所经历的是时尚焦虑。今天，它困扰着许多人。联系前后句可猜测出下划线单词“bothers”意为“困扰”。故选A。
18．文章结构题。根据第一二段可知介绍的是时尚焦虑的现状，第三四段介绍的是原因，最后是总结。故选A。
19．推理判断题。根据“As fashion magazines, advertisement and idols (偶像) show off the ‘latest and greatest’ trends (潮流), there’s a lot of pressure on people, especially teenagers, to follow them, no matter how expensive it might be.”当时尚杂志、广告和偶像展示“最新和最伟大”的潮流时，人们，尤其是青少年，面临着巨大的压力，无论其价格如何昂贵，都要追随这些潮流。可知人们的压力来自于炫耀最新和最伟大的趋势。故选B。
20．段落大意题。根据“More importantly, the clothes are just a part of your image. It can’t tell the true you. What also matters is your personality and abilities.”更重要的是，衣服只是你形象的一部分。它不能告诉你真实的你。重要的是你的个性和能力。可知个性和能力对我们的形象也很重要。故选C。
21．C
22．A
23．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过举例调查研究成果等方式阐述了锻炼和心理健康的关系，并指出锻炼就好，不要追求量，不是越多越好。
21．细节理解题。根据“Researchers from Oxford and Yale Universities used data collected from more than 1.2 million Americans.”可知研究是采用了从超过120万美国人收集的数据，故选C。
22．推理判断题。根据“It is possible to get too much exercise.”、“The mental health of those people who exercised for longer than three hours a day suffered more than that of those who didn’t exercise”和“The key point should be that any amount helps, so don’t force yourself to hit that perfect balance”可知过度运动是可能的，运动的关键是任何量都有帮助，不用强迫自己达到完美的平衡，所以推断此段警告人们锻炼不是越多越好，也要注意其危害，故选A。
23．主旨大意题。通读文章可知文中介绍了锻炼和心理健康之间的关系，锻炼可以使我们获得幸福感，但并不是锻炼的越多越好，故选D。
24．C
25．B
26．B
27．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了京杭大运河的历史和其重要的航运功能，同时还提到了张若虚写的《春江花月夜》。
24．细节理解题。根据文中“Nowadays, the Grand Canal still shoulders the responsibilities of transporting coal from the North to the South…”可知，大运河现在还承担着重要的航运功能，因此C选项“大运河今天仍然发挥着重要作用”表述正确。故选C。
25．词句猜测题。根据下文“Moonlight on the Spring River…described the beautiful scenery of Guazhou of the dim moonlight with gently flowing river”可知，《春江花月夜》这首诗描写了一幅江边美丽的夜景，因此推测Praising“赞美”与画线词意思相近。故选B。
26．细节理解题。根据文中《春江花月夜》这首诗的英文中的“In spring the river rises as high as the sea”和“She follows the rolling waves for ten thousand li”可知，“sea”和“li”押韵。故选B。
27．推理判断题。阅读全文可知，文章主要介绍了京杭大运河的历史和其重要的航运功能，同时还提到了张若虚写的《春江花月夜》，因此这篇文章最有可能出现在与文化有关的书上。故选A。
28．A
29．D
30．C
31．A
32．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了我们鞋子上常见的一种细菌——大肠杆菌，这种细菌很常见且有一定的危险性，因此在室内脱鞋不仅仅是礼貌，而且是卫生的。
28．细节理解题。根据“Some of them can be dangerous, according to scientists from the University of Houston in the US. One of the most common kinds of bacteria on your shoes is Escherichia coli (大肠杆菌).”可知，大肠杆菌常见又危险。故选A。
29．细节理解题。根据“Some types of Escherichia coli can cause diarrhea (腹泻) or even brain diseases. Other bacteria found on shoes can be harmful to our skin, blood and heart.”可知，某些类型的大肠杆菌会导致腹泻甚至脑部疾病，鞋子上发现的其他细菌对我们的皮肤、血液和心脏有害；没有提到嗓子。故选D。
30．推理判断题。根据“Healthy people have to come into contact with thousands of harmful bacteria in order to become sick.”可知，健康的人必须接触成千上万的有害细菌才会生病。故选C。
31．词句猜测题。分析“However, it’s actually more than just polite. It’s good hygiene, too.”和后文内容可知，在室内脱鞋不仅仅是礼貌，而且是卫生的。所以hygiene的意思是“卫生”，故选A。
32．推理判断题。根据“For healthy adults, it is not too big of an issue.”可知，健康的成年人不需要太担心大肠杆菌，故选D。
33．A
34．D
35．C
36．D
【导语】本文介绍了中国空间站的第一场现场直播的科学讲座的情况，以及其目的等。
33．细节理解题。根据“They showed viewers how they lived and worked inside the space station, which currently includes a core module, a spacecraft and two robotic cargo spaceships.”可知，目前空间站由一个核心舱、一艘飞船和两艘自动货运飞船组成。故选A。
34．词义猜测题。根据“such as ‘disappearing buoyancy’ and a ‘water ball’ ”可知，他们对诸如“消失的浮力”和“水球”等物理现象进行了演示，而这些演示是在微重力的环境中进行的，因此“microgravity”意为“微重力”。故选D。
35．细节理解题。根据“Such activities aim to spread knowledge about manned spaceflights and spark enthusiasm for science among young people.”以及“the space lecture was an eye-opening experience that would develop students’ interest in science”可知，文章多次提到开展这些课程的目的是传播载人航天知识，激发年轻人对科学的热情并激发学生对科学的兴趣。故选C。
36．推理判断题。根据“It was the first lecture of the Tiangong Class, China’s first extraterrestrial lecture series to popularize space science.”可知，这是天宫课堂的第一堂课，是中国在外太空推广空间科学系列讲座的第一节课。故选D。
37．A
38．C
39．B
40．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了纸制品对于环境的危害，并建议人们使用可以重复使用的产品。
37．细节理解题。根据“Trees, as you know, can reduce carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere”可知树木可以降低大气中的二氧化碳含量。故选A。
38．细节理解题。根据“Seven trucks are needed to transport two million paper bags, while only one truck is needed to transport the same number of plastic bags”可知运输两百万纸袋需要七辆卡车，而运输相同数量的塑料袋只需要一辆卡车。故选C。
39．细节理解题。根据“Products like glass water bottles and steel straws can be used over and over again. They are much better than either paper products or plastic products”可知玻璃水瓶和钢吸管等产品可以反复使用，它们比纸制品或塑料制品要好得多。故选B。
40．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了纸制品对于环境的危害，并建议人们使用可以重复使用的产品。故选B。
41．B
42．C
43．B
44．C
45．C
【导语】本文讲述了2021年6月17日上午，神舟十二号在中国西北戈壁沙漠的酒泉卫星发射中心发射升空。详细地介绍了三名宇航员的任务。
41．细节理解题。根据“China launched the Shenzhou Ⅻ spacecraft, its seventh manned spaceflight, on Thursday morning, sending three astronauts to the core module of its permanent space station at 9:22 am on June 17th, 2021 at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center.”可知2021年6月17日，中国在酒泉卫星发射中心发射了神舟十二号航天飞船。故选B。
42．词义猜测题。根据“testing and operation training of the robotic arm”可知，划线部分的robotic是robot“机器人”的形容词形式，arm表示“手臂”，所以本句话指的是“测试和操作训练机器臂”，robotic arm意为“机器臂”。故选C。
43．细节理解题。根据“Second, they will move, assemble and test extravehicular spacesuits and perform two extravehicular activities for work.”可知在空间站，聂海胜会进行出舱任务。故选B。
44．细节理解题。根据“Fourth, they will manage their own health through daily life care, physical exercise, and regular monitoring and health assessment.”可知宇航员将在宇宙飞船中进行体育锻炼以保持身体健康。故选C。
45．标题归纳题。根据“China launched the Shenzhou Ⅻ spacecraft, its seventh manned spaceflight, on Thursday morning, sending three astronauts to the core module of its permanent space station at 9:22 am on June 17th, 2021 at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center.”及全文可知文章说的是神舟十二号航天飞船成功发射，并介绍了宇航员的具体任务，C项最适合做标题。故选C。

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