资源简介

(共46张PPT)
common characteristics
passion
creativity
devotion
selflessness
hard work
What makes great scientists
enthusiastic
co-operative
persuasive
positive
bright
strict
cautious
Why was Qian Xuesen called “the father of China’s aerospace”
Because no other scientist has had a greater impact on China's aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.
Task Prediction
Look at the pictures and the titles of the texts. Can you predict:
1.Qian Xuesen:
Para.1　　 A. His personality.
Paras. 2-5 B. His death and people’s appreciation of him.
Para.6 C. His personal history and accomplishments.
Para.7 D. Introduction.
Reading for the main idea
Read the text again and match each paragraph with its main idea.
B
D
C
A
Para 1
THE FATHER OF CHINA’S AEROSPACE
Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on影响 China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scienti c thought and scienti c spirit” who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion奉献, Qian was an extremely非常 well-respected man.
中国航天之父
也许没有其他科学家能比钱学森对中国航天科学产生更大的影响。钱学森被《钱学森传》的作者描述为一个具有“伟大科学思想和科学能力”的人。他是一个爱国的人，他为祖国付出了努力、成就和奉献，他是一个非常受尊敬的人。。
Para 1
Teachers have a great impact on students.
Not sleeping well has a great impact on health.
This event had a great impact on him.
Para 2
Born in Hangzhou in 1911, Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical m 'k n k l 机械Engineering工程. However, after the Songhu Battle会战 broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation e v 'e ( )n航空 because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force空军 to protect and defend d 'fend保卫 the country.
钱学森1911年出生于杭州，曾在北京上学，后进入上海交通大学学习铁道机械工程。然而，在1932年淞湖会战爆发后，钱钟书决定转学航空专业，因为他意识到中国需要自己强大的空军来保护和保卫国家。
Para 3
Qian went to the United States in 1935 to pursue攻读 his graduate studies. Over the course过程 of the 1930s and 1940s, Qian became a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology. As a graduate assistant 's st nt助理 at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s, Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion pr 'p l n推进, and in the 1940s, he and several other people founded建立 the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, now one of NASA’s leading space-exploration centres.
1935年，钱学森前往美国攻读研究生。在20世纪30年代和40年代的过程中，钱成为了一个先驱。在美国喷气式飞机和火箭技术方面，20世纪30年代，钱学森在加州理工学院担任研究生助理。在火箭推进方面进行了重要的研究工作，在20世纪40年代，他和其他几个人建立了喷气推进实验室，现在是美国宇航局的主要太空探索中心之一。
Para 4
After overcoming some difficulties during his nal few years in the US, Qian retumed to China in 1955. He received a hero’s welcome from
his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile m sl导弹 programme项目. At that time, China was poor and its rocket science was undeveloped. No institute学院 or university in China offered rocket science as a major, and there were no talents人才 or experts in this eld领域 in China. Nevertheless, Qian did not let that discourage him from taking on接受 the challenge. When asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles ”, his reply was a determined “Why not We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make.”
钱学森在美国的最后几年克服了困难，1955年回到了中国。他受到了英雄般的欢迎。他不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学，还负责航天和导弹项目。当时，中国很穷，火箭科学也不发达。中国没有一所学院或大学将火箭科学作为专业，中国也没有这方面的人才或专家。然而，钱学森并没有因此而放弃接受挑战。有人问:“我们中国人有可能制造导弹吗 ”，他的回答是坚定的“为什么不呢 ”我们中国人有能力制造别人制造的东西。”
Para 4
in charge of
I am in charge of your English.
He's in charge of the hospital.
He was left in charge of the shop while the manager was away.
Para 5
Under Qian’s leadership li d p领导, China developed the Dongfeng missiles, followed by the first generation of Long March rockets. In 1970, China successfully launched its rst man-made satellite, Dong Fang Hong I, from a Long March rocket. Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can also be traced back to Qian’s research, Qian earned获得 the name of “the father of China’s aerospace航天”.
在钱学森的领导下，中国研制了东风导弹，随后研制了第一代长征火箭。1970年，中国用长征火箭成功发射了第一颗人造卫星东方红一号。因为神舟火箭大部分技术也可以追溯到钱学森的研究，钱学森因此获得了“中国航天之父”的称号。
Para 6
Qian read a lot and was extremely knowledgeable, especially in the area of frontier前沿 science research. However, what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing. His deep appreciation鉴赏力 for art often gave him inspiration灵感 in his scienti c research.
钱学森博览多书，学识渊博，特别是在前沿科学研究领域。然而，使他成为如此杰出和富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对其他事物的浓厚兴趣，如音乐和绘画。他对艺术的深厚的鉴赏力常常给他的科学研究带来灵感。
Para 7
On 31 October 2009, the whole country was saddened哀痛 by Qian’s death, and people honoured缅怀 and remembered him in different ways.
2009年10月31日，钱学深逝世，举国哀痛，人们以不同的方式缅怀他。
Skimming for the main structure
THE FATHER OF CHINA’S AEROSPACE Personal information of Qian Xuesen * Born in Hangzhou in 1911
* Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering.
* In 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to
1.　　　　　　.
* In 1935, Qian went to the United States to pursue his
2.　　　　　　 studies.
* Over the course of the 1930s and 1940s, Qian became a pioneer in American jet and 3.　　　　　　 technology.
aviation　
graduate　
rocket　
THE FATHER OF CHINA’S AEROSPACE Personal Informa-tion of Qian Xuesen * As a graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s.
* In the 1940s, Qian and several other people 4.　　　　　　 the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
* In 5.　　　　　　, Qian returned to China.
* Under Qian’s leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles.
In 1970, China successfully launched its first man-made
6.　　　　　　.
* On 31 October 2009, he died.
founded　
1955
satellite　
语法填空
When Qian Xueshen was young, he realised China needed air force 1 ____________(defend)the country, so he wen to America to study aviation.
As a graduate 2 _________ (assist)at an institute, he helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion.Finally he became a pioneer in jet and rocket technology. 3 _______ Qian Xuesen retumed to China in 1955,he was put 4 _______ charge of developing China's rocket science,space and
missiles programme. Under his leadership, China made 5 _________(outstand) progress in rockets,missiles and man-made satellites.Because of this,he earned the name of “ the father of China’s aerospace”.
to defend
assistant
After
in
outstanding
语法填空
Stephen Hawking was a 6 ________ (gift)scientist. Since he came 7________
with a disease causing him unable to walk or speak,his world became one of abstract thought.There was a theory on the origin of the universe explaining the universe 8 ___________ (begin)at a single point in time and space.His own work on the big bang theory was proven by astronomers with 9 ____________ (telescope)and a new star was born.He was brilliant, brave and determined.And he was willing to admit his faults.This 10 _______________
(combine)of his characteristics made him one of the greatest thinkers of modern times.
gifted
down
beginning
telescopes
combination
Astronomers used their telescopes to prove his work on the big bang theory.
Task Prediction
Look at the pictures and the titles of the texts. Can you predict:
How was Hawking’s own theory proven correct
Stephen Hawking:
Para.1　　 A. His claim to fame.
Para.2 B. Characteristics that made him great.
Para.3 C. Introduction.
B
C
A
Para 1
A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHT
Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted ɡ ft d有天赋的 scientists in physics. Most people are familiar with images形象 of him in his wheelchair, unable to move and using a computer to talk. Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles, his world became one of abstract bstr kt抽象 thought.
一个纯思维的世界
斯蒂芬·霍金是物理学领域最著名、最有天赋的科学家之一。大多数人对他坐在轮椅上的形象都很熟悉，
不能移动，只能用电脑说话。自从他得了一种病,使他失去了大部分肌肉的功能，他的世界变成了抽象思维的世界。
Para 1
be familiar with
I am familiar with my partner.=My partner is familiar to me.
My English teacher is familiar with this school.
We are familiar with Chinese culture.
Para 2_1
Hawking first achieved fame when he was still healthy enough to walk, as a graduate student研究生 in physics at Cambridge University in 1964. In general总的来说, there were two main theories on the origin of the universe. The first was the steady state theory, which holds认为 that the universe has no beginning or end. The other was the big bang theory, which holds认为 that the universe began at a single point in time and space. The biggest champion拥护者 of the steady state concept kɑns pt概念 was Fred Hoyle, a professor at Cambridge.
1964年，霍金在剑桥大学攻读物理学研究生时，身体还很健康，可以走路。总的来说，关于宇宙的起源有两种主要的理论。第一个是稳恒态理论，该理论认为宇宙有没有开始也没有结束。另一个是大爆炸理论，该理论认为宇宙起源于时间和空间上的一个点。稳恒态概念的最大的拥护者是剑桥大学教授弗雷德·霍伊尔。
Para 2
hold 坚持认为
He holds that his family comes before his job.
I hold that this is a right decision.
We hold that all nations should be equal.
Para 2
During the question and answer period after one of Hoyle’s lectures讲座, Hawking stood up and pointed out that Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths. Once一旦 the maths was corrected, it showed that the big bang theory—and not the steady state theorys was true. Hawking’s own work on the big bang theory was soon proven by astronomers 'strɑn m 天文学家 with telescopes tel sk p望远镜. A star was born.
在霍伊尔一次讲座中，霍金问答环节之后，站起来，指出霍伊尔在计算上犯了一个错误。一旦计算问题得到纠正，就证明了大爆炸理论——而不是稳恒态理论——是正确的。霍金自己对大爆炸理论的研究很快就被天文学家用望远镜证实了。一个明星就这样诞生了。
Para 2
once
Once she was inside her bedroom, she began to cry.
Once you have taken the examination, you'll be able to relax.
Once you have promised you must do it.
Para 3
So, What made Stephen Hawking a genius Besides being brilliant br lj nt有才气的, he was brave, though sometimes careless in what he said or did. He was willing to say what others were afraid to say, and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about. Furthermore, he was quite determined坚定. This had helped him as a scientist, and had helped him even more in his ght against his disease. Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults f lt错误. This odd combination k mb 'ne n组合 of characteristics k r kt 'r st k性格特点 had made him one of the greatest thinkers思想家 of the 20th and 21st centuries.
那么，是什么让史蒂芬·霍金成为天才呢 除了才华横溢，他还很勇敢，尽管有时他的言行很随意。他
愿意说别人不敢说的话，愿意做别人不敢做的梦。此外，他意志很坚定。这对他成为一名科学家很有帮助，对他与疾病的斗争更有帮助。最重要的是，霍金敢于承认自己的错误。这些性格特点的奇特组合使他成为20世纪和21世纪最伟大的思想家之一。
Para 3
furthermore
I don't like her because she is too tall. Furthermore, she smokes too much.
I don’t want to rent this house. It is too small. furthermore, it's too far from the office.
I don't want to go there. Furthermore, I have no time to do so.
A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHT Stephen Hawking * He was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in
7.　　　　　　.
* He came down with a disease and lost the use of most of his
8.　　　　　　.
* In 1964, he first achieved fame.
* He insisted the big 9.　　　　　　 theory.
* The qualities made him a genius—being brilliant, brave, determined, willing to admit his 10.　　　　　　.
physics　
muscles　
bang　
faults
Stephen Hawking was born in Oxford, England, 　 　 January 8, 1942. At the age of 17, he entered University of Oxford. He wanted 　 　 (study) mathematics, but took up the study of physics when math 　 　 (be) unavailable. He received a Ph. D. in physics despite being
　 　　 　 (diagnose) with Ameliotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (肌肉萎缩性侧索硬化症) while at Oxford in 1963. Dr. Hawking’s
　 　　 　 (determine), along with the help of his family and associates, has allowed him 　 　　 (continue) to work. In 1970 he began studying black holes.
on
to study
was
diagnosed
determination
to continue
语法填空
　 　 (he) research led him to predict that black holes send out radiation in the X-ray to gamma-ray (伽马射线) range of the spectrum (光谱). In the 1980s he returned to 　 　 earlier interest, the _______　 　 (origin) of the universe. He has co-authored many publications, such as 300 Years of Gravity and The Large Scale Structure of Space Time. Stephen Hawking died 　 　 　 (peaceful) at his home in Cambridge on March 14th, 2018.
an
origins
peacefully
His
1. Qian changed his major because of a shift in
personal interest. T F
2. Qian's strong interest in art has a positive impact
on a scientist' s development. T F
3. When Hawking was young, almost everyone
believed that the universe began with a big bang.
T F
4. Because Hawking was determined, he was able to
succeed even though he was ill. T F
Read the statements below and predict if they are true (T) or false (F).
T or F
Now check the answers.
1. Qian changed his major because of a shift in
personal interest.
2. Qian's strong interest in art has a positive impact
on a scientist' s development.
3. When Hawking was young, almost everyone
believed that the universe began with a big bang.
4. Because Hawking was determined, he was able to
succeed even though he was ill.
F
F
T
T
Qian changed his major because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.
not everyone
Questions
The father of China's aerospace
Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion, Qian was an extremely well-respected man.
Para.1: Introduction
Why was Qian called "the father of China's aerospace"
How
Para.2: His claim to fame
Hawking first achieved fame when he was still healthy enough to walk, as a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 1964. In general, there were two main theories on the origin of the universe. The first was the steady state theory, which holds that the universe has no beginning or end. The other was the big bang theory, which holds that the universe began at a single point in time and space. The biggest champion of the steady state concept was Fred Hoyle, a professor at Cambridge. During the question and answer period after one of Hoyle’s lectures, Hawking stood up and pointed out that Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths. Once the maths was corrected, it showed that the big bang theory—and not the steady state theory— was true. Hawking’s own work on the big bang theory was soon proven by astronomers with telescopes. A star was born.
How was Hawking's own theory proven correct
a linking word
His claim to fame--brave
Try to summarize the words that describe the personalities of the scientists.
Qian Xuesen
patriotic
scientific
spirit
determined
deep appreciation
for art
pioneer
creative
outstanding
knowledg-eable
Stephen Hawking
brilliant
have big dream
sometimes careless
willing to say what others were afraid to say
willing to admit his faults
determined
brave
Try to summarize the words that describe the personalities of the scientists.
1. However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932,...
2. At that time, China was poor and Its rocket science was
undeveloped.
3. Nevertheless, Qian did not let that discourage him...
4. Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou
rockets...
5. However, what might have made him such an
outstanding...
6. In general, there were two main theories...
7. Besides being brilliant, he was brave,...
8. Furthermore, he was quite determined.
9. Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults.
These linking words serve to link elements in the passages and bring greater cohension and logical flow to it.
Try to summarize the linking words and phrases in the passages and describe their functions.
Post-reading
1. What do you think a great scientist need most Why
2. What is the significance of the scientific spirit and what inspiration can you get from these scientists
professional knowledge logical reasoning
research methods the questioning mind
leadership patriotism
devotion determination
imagination creativity
inspiration talent ...
3. Write an essay about the scientific spirit.
1) Discuss some stories about great scientists.
Newton and the apple;
Watson dreaming of the structure of DNA;
Fleming’s accidental discovery of penicillin;
...
2) Using these stories as a basis, discuss the following questions:
Apart from being clever, what are the most important personal qualities a scientist must have to be successful
How do these stories illustrate the scientific spirit
3) Now work by yourself to write an essay about the scientific spirit.
Great Scientific Minds
When we consider the great minds of many centuries and ask the question of what makes someone a great scientist, there are many aspects we should evaluate. But which ones are most important Is it their inventions, cures, or solutions to problems Is it the personal challenges they had to face Or is it their overall character
Looking at the lives of Qian Xuesen and Stephen Hawking, some common characteristics surface: they are knowledgeable, gifted, self-sacrificing for the greater good of the country or humanity, brave, and determined. In short, they have to tenaciously chase down solutions to big problems and not let discouragement set in during their discovery process.
Sample writing
adv. 坚持地
We can see this in Qian Xuesen's life, pioneering to another country to work with and inspire like-minded people in his field and to collaborate on their work. We can see it in his vigour to return to China and lead their aerospace programme through its birthing stages. We saw the determination and devotion to accuracy and truth on the part of Stephen Hawking from his youngest days through the decades he fought for his body while his mind progressed into the arena of geniuses.
v. 合作，协作
The definition of scientific spirit is to, above all else, be willing and able to grasp a problem or a question and not let go of it until knowledge, creative power, and collaboration have brought a clear answer. Then this same mind must believe in its findings enough to bravely present them, prove, and perfect them for the betterment of the quality and sustainability of life all over the world. It is to look squarely, ask questions, and never give up trying.
n. 持续性，能维持性
Do the exercises in your workbook.

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