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高一阅读理解说明文
一、文章类型
英语说明文与其他文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面，即who → what → when → where → how → why。 说明文是对事物或事理进行客观解释的一种文体。它以解释为主要的表达方式，通过解释事物或澄清事物来达到教人知识的目的。说明文的特点是客观、简洁、准确、清晰，文章很少表达作者的情感倾向。在结构上，常采用总分法和递进法，按一定的顺序(如时间、空间、从现象到本质)进行说明。
近五年来，说明文的变化不大，一直非常稳定，选材通常是各学科的问题；高新技术领域的科研成果；人们关心的社会问题；人文学科的经典之作等。由于阅读理解题的设置采用渐进式，即从简单到困难的方式，所以说明文是高考试卷中相对较难的阅读理解题。C篇较多考察说明文。
二、满分技巧
记住前面的wh-word。边阅读，边搜记，牢记要点，把握全文 。说明文的重点在于读懂它说明的事物或事理，了解事物的性质、结构、形成原因、功能；了解事物的意义和特征等。
1. 重视文章标题，找准全文主题句，把握文章主旨。
2. 细读文章，注意文章细节理解。
3. 理解整体语篇，掌握作者意图。
4. 多读多背，扩大词汇量，掌握猜词技巧。
【课中练习】
Passage 1
Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain (保持) a healthy lifestyle. Group exercise is challenging, yet fun! Of course everyone knows that exercise is good for the body. However, studies have shown that when exercise is performed in groups, it’s not only great for improving physical health but for psychological health. It’s an opportunity to be social and improve your strength. Additionally, group exercise creates a community feel and the shared common goal inspire people to work hard.
Another beneficial aspect of group exercise is the informational support people receive from the instructor. Many people fear the gym because they feel lost and don’t want to embarrass themselves. If you feel that way, then group training is an even better option for you. It’s a great opportunity to learn more about fitness through the clear instruction of a fitness instructor. If you’re tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored, you can attend an upbeat group fitness class that will keep your workout on track. Don’t let fitness frighten you!
If you’re serious about wanting to live a healthy lifestyle, it’s extremely important to surround yourself with people who’ll provide you with the proper emotional support. Surround yourself with people who encourage and understand you! Make fitness even more fun by trying something new or any group fitness class with a friend. Plan to go for a jog together. Then try a fun healthy restaurant or fresh juice bar! Fitness can be both fun and social!
Surrounding yourself with people who’ll provide you with respect support can be very beneficial while working towards reaching health and fitness goals. First, decide to do it for yourself and work towards staying positive. Then make sure the people you surround yourself with are supportive.
（2019-2020, 山东师大附中高一上12月月考，C）
1.【★★☆】Why is group exercise more beneficial according to Paragraph 1
A. It can help set practical goals.
B. It can improve physical fitness.
C. It can reduce stress and anxiety.
D. It can create a sense of belonging.
2. 【★★☆】What does the underlined word “upbeat” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Peaceful. B. Boring. C. Cheerful. D. Annoying.
3. 【★★☆】What can be learnt from the text
A. Support from friends matters.
B. Doing sports alone is harmful.
C. We should often eat out with friends.
D. Jogging is the most beneficial sport.
4. 【★★☆】What may be the best title for the text
A. Ways to do group exercise
B. Group exercise, better health
C. Without friends, without health
D. Benefits of doing exercise
1. 重点词汇和短语
已掌握请打√ 单词 在本文中的词性 常见释义
□ effective adj.
□ challenging adj.
□ yet conj.
□ physical adj.
□ perform v.
□ psychological adj.
□ opportunity n.
□ instruction v.
□ instructor n.
□ strength n.
□ inspire v.
□ beneficial adj.
□ embarrass v.
□ option n..
□ workout n...
□ surround v.
□ emotional adj.
短语部分
□ physical fitness
□ wander around
2. 长难句理解
1. 【★★☆】If you’re serious about wanting to live a healthy lifestyle, it’s extremely important to surround yourself with people who’ll provide you with the proper emotional support.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. 【★★☆】If you’re tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored, you can attend an upbeat group fitness class that will keep your workout on track.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Passage 2
If you move to a new school, you’ll have to worry whether or not you’ll make friends. Here are some simple suggestions which help you make new friends a lot easier.
Try speaking to the people next to you in class. As they’re close by, it makes sense to communicate with them first.
Have courage to speak to everyone in your class. You will probably stay with that class through your years at the new school, so it helps if you get on with them.
If you don’t have many friends in your class, try and make new friends in your subject lessons. You can also talk with them at lunchtime and after school.
Join a lunchtime or after-school club. You’ll get to meet kids of all years that way.
Ask your teacher to pair you with another pupil.
Use your celebrity status! Since you’re the new person, you’ll have gained celebrity status, which you can use for a couple of weeks. Talk to people, remember to smile and always be open and friendly. Listen carefully to what others have to say so as to make them feel important.
As you grow older, it’s natural to make new friends and sometimes that means you grow apart from your old friends. So try and make time for all your friends. Why not introduce your different sets of friends so you can all go to the cinema or bowling together
But what if a friendship group is pushing you out If this is happening to you, try and ask someone you’re friendly with what is happening. If the whole group is leaving you out, try to find new people to spend time with at lunchtime.
（安徽省芜湖市2019年高一自主招生考试）
1. According to the passage, moving to a new school is _______.
A. interesting B. exciting
C. worrying D. boring
2. According to the author, what should we do when we move to a new school
A. Sit close to friendly classmates.
B. Try to study well to gain others’ trust.
C. Try our best to help our new classmates.
D. Take possible chances to communicate with others.
3. To make our classmates feel that they are important to us, we should ______.
A. listen to them carefully B. be friendly and open to them
C. smile while talking with them D. make use of our celebrity status
1. 重点词汇和短语
已掌握请打√ 单词 在本文中的词性 常见释义
□ pair v
□ celebrity n.
□ status n.
□ gain v.
□ bowling n.
□ courage n.
短语部分
□ make sense
□ get on with
□ so as to
□ leave out
长难句理解
【★★☆】 Since you’re the new person, you’ll have gained celebrity status, which you can use for a couple of weeks.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.【★★☆】As you grow older, it’s natural to make new friends and sometimes that means you grow apart from your old friends.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Passage3
It can be really hard to learn a new language. I had always enjoyed learning languages in school, but only recently did I start learning German. I found that I could understand and learn individual words easily, but when it came to literature, I really struggled. That was when my tutor at university suggested reading some children's books printed in the target language.
At first, I felt a bit silly going on a hunt for a book designed for someone half my age, but then I realised that everyone has to start somewhere. As children, we are given these basic texts to familiarise our brains with certain vocabulary and writing structures, and from there, we can learn and develop. I started with books which are taught to us as children in the UK. I managed to find Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens and James and the Giant Peach by Roald Dahl.
The beauty of reading books that were introduced to you as a child is that you are already familiar with the plot. Therefore you can work out some words with your knowledge of the story. At first, I used to read with the book in one hand and a dictionary in the other, but this did not work well. The method I would recommend is to read a chapter first and at the end of that chapter, highlight the new words and then look up the definitions. If you can wait a bit before using a dictionary, you may be surprised what you can understand merely from the context. Additionally, a lot of children's books have pictures which may give you a clue as to what or to whom the passage is referring.
If you can find a translation of the books you have read as a child, I would strongly advise reading those if you are a complete beginner. However, if you feel a bit more confident reading in English, I would personally recommend the series of ‘Harry Potter’ books by J. K. Rowling or any of the Roald Dahl children's books.
（江苏省2019-2020学年高一下学期4月月考）
1. What makes it hard for the author to learn German
A. The author had a poor memory. B. The author had no interest in it.
C. The author had no one to ask for help. D. The author couldn't read books fluently.
2. What did the author think of reading children's books in the target language at first
A. Interesting. B. Stupid.
C. Helpful. D. Boring.
3. What does the author try to express mainly in Paragraph 3
A. How to deal with new words while reading.
B. Why it is helpful to read children's book at first.
C. How to choose a proper book to match your level.
D. How to form the habit of reading in the target language.
4. Why does the author write this text
A. To give tips on how to learn a new language.
B. To persuade the readers to learn a new language.
C. To stress the importance of reading in language learning.
D. To share the author's stories of learning a new language.
重点词汇和短语
已掌握请打√ 单词 在本文中的词性 常见释义
□ individual adj.
□ tutor n.
□ target n.
□ familiarise v.
□ highlight v.
□ merely adv.
□ clue n.
□ series n.
□ plot n.
□ chapter n.
短语部分
□ work out
□ as to
□ refer to
2. 长难句理解
【★★☆】At first, I felt a bit silly going on a hunt for a book designed for someone half my age, but then I realised that everyone has to start somewhere.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. 【★★☆】Additionally, a lot of children's books have pictures which may give you a clue as to what or to whom the passage is referring.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Passage4
A few years ago, bubble tea(奶茶) exploded as a popular drink for Internet foodies(吃货) everywhere. Many take this Taiwanese drink as a guilt-free snack similar to juice or a cup of coffee. After all, it has the word “tea” in it, so it has to be healthy…right
Not quite. Like coffee, bubble tea’s ingredients(成分, 配料) might not be so bad on their own, but when they’re loaded with sweetener(甜味剂) and artificial flavor(人工香料), they lose their nutritional(营养的) value fast.
It all starts with those “bubbles” found at the bottom of your drink, which are actually round pieces of tapioca(木薯淀粉). Called “tapioca pearls(珍珠),” they’re actually made from a vegetable that grows in South America. And as it turns out, those little balls are loaded with sugar—and not the nutritious, fiber-rich(富含纤维) kinds found in whole grains(全麦类), either.
Cooking tapioca pearls only makes it worse. They’re typically fried in hot water, along with even more added sugar, for up to three hours. By that point, these balls could have nearly 160 calories per cup.
And don’t even get us started on what comes in the extra syrups(糖浆). Thanks to all those processed(加工的) ingredients, the average bubble tea can easily reach 300 to 400 calories per cup!
On top of being an unhealthy habit, bubble tea could even shorten your life. In 2012, a group of German researchers from the University Hospital Aachen reportedly found aspolychlorinated biphenyls, or PCBs, in tapioca ball samples. These cancer-causing chemicals have also been shown to have other bad effects on the immune(免疫), reproductive(生殖), and nervous systems.
You might want to lay off your bubble tea addiction. Thankfully, we have a few choices for low-calorie, healthier drinks, instead.
（河北省保定市孙庄中学2021年高一英语联考）
1. Why is bubble tea considered “guilt-free” by many people
A. It is popular in Taiwan.
B. Its name includes “tea”.
C. It is similar to juice and coffee.
D. It is liked by Internet foodies.
2. What can we know about tapioca pearls
A. They don’t contain any sugar.
B. They are made from a kind of fruit.
C. They contain all the calories of tea.
D. They are usually cooked and fried.
3. What will be discussed following this passage
A. Bad effects caused by bubble tea.
B. Some examples of healthy drinks.
C. Energy you get from bubble tea.
D. Getting into the habit of drinking tea.
4. Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A. Bubble tea is very popular
B. Tapioca pearls are nutritious
C. Bubble tea is pretty bad for you
D. Advice on healthy drinks
1. 重点词汇和短语
已掌握请打√ 单词 在本文中的词性 常见释义
□ explode v.
□ guilt-free adj.
□ calorie n.
□ average adj.
□ addiction n.
□ nutritious adj.
□ round adj.
□ snack n.
短语部分
□ be loaded with
□ on top of
□ lay off
2. 长难句理解
1.【★★☆】Like coffee, bubble tea’s ingredients(成分, 配料) might not be so bad on their own, but when they’re loaded with sweetener(甜味剂) and artificial flavor(人工香料), they lose their nutritional(营养的) value fast.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. 【★★☆】It all starts with those “bubbles” found at the bottom of your drink, which are actually round pieces of tapioca(木薯淀粉).
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Passage5
Colors may be widely connected with certain emotions, a study has found. Red is related to love or anger, blue to sadness or black to death, and similar links appear to exist all over the world.
Scientists from the universities of Switzerland and Germany carried out their research on 711 people. The volunteers came from different countries, and answered to rate how colors made them feel.
The colors included in the study were white, black, grey, red, yellow, green, blue, orange, purple, pink and brown. And people rated how closely they related them to different emotions.
The researchers, led by Dr Daniel Oberfeld, wrote, “Red is connected with both positive and negative (消极的）emotions while black is connected with negative emotions.” Other colors which had strong connections across countries were pink with love, grey with disappointment or sadness and orange with joy or sadness and orange with joy or pleasure.
Some other colors, however, had a little different connections. For example, people in Greece were far more likely to connect purple with sadness than those in other countries. While people in the UK and Germany strongly connected yellow with joy, Greek and Chinese people did not feel the same link.
Almost all the colors, even if they didn’t have a strong link to one emotion, were either good or bad—with the exception of red, which was linked to both anger and love, and purple and brown, which were neither.
Dr Oberfeld's team added, “Across the 240 color-emotion pairs, the strongest connection was found between the emotion love and the color term red.”
（山东省潍坊市2019-2020高一上学期期末考试英语试题）
1.What’s the text mainly about
A. Colors and emotions.
B. Emotions and images.
C. Colors and personalities.
D. Emotions and nationalities.
2. Which country is he probably from if a person relates purple to sadness
A. China. B. Greece. C.UK. D. Germany,
3. Which of the following is not related to either good or bad emotions
A. Grey. B. Red. C. Yellow. D. Brown.
4. Where is this text most likely from
A.A news report. B.A wellness book.
C.A research report. D. An advertisement.
1. 重点词汇和短语
已掌握请打√ 单词 在本文中的词性 常见释义
□ emotion n.
□ link n.
□ connection n.
□ rate v.
□ exception n.
短语部分
□ be related to
□ carry out
2. 长难句理解
1.【★★☆】Other colors which had strong connections across countries were pink with love, grey with disappointment or sadness and orange with joy or sadness and orange with joy or pleasure.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. 【★★☆】 Almost all the colors, even if they didn’t have a strong link to one emotion, were either good or bad—with the exception of red, which was linked to both anger and love, and purple and brown, which were neither.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【课后练习】
【补救练习】
Passage 1
You may think there are no differences between British and American people. After all, they speak the same language, don’t they If you ask a British or an American person, he will probably tell you that there are differences. And the differences are quite great.
What do British people think American people are like The British think American people are very strange. They make a lot of noise and they laugh too loudly. They are rich, and they only think about money. But the British do say that American people are kind, and friendly people. They’re happy to help you if you are in trouble.
What do Americans think of the British Well, they think the British are cold and very unfriendly. They are not interested in success or in making lots of money. They think British is the best country in the world. They look down on other countries. But Americans say that the British are quite hard workers. They are brave and honest. And in time of trouble they face difficulties happily.
You can see that these ideas can cause misunderstanding between the British and Americans. But when American and British people become friends, they usually find things are not as bad as they expected.
1. Are there any differences between British and American people
A. Yes, but the differences are very small.
B. Yes, and the differences are quite great.
C. No, there isn’t any difference between them.
D. Some people think there are, but some people don’t think so.
2. What do British people think Americans are like
A. They are selfish. B. They are poor.
C. They are strange people. D. They are unfriendly.
3. What do the Americans think of the British
A. They are cold and unfriendly. B. They are kind.
C. They are lazy. D. They are rich.
4. The American and British people usually get along quite well___.
A. when they become friends B. when they become enemies
C. after they fight D. after they quarrel
1. 重点词汇和短语
已掌握请打√ 单词 在本文中的词性 常见释义
□ British adj
□ brave adj
□ cause v
□ misunderstanding n
□ expect v
短语部分
□ look down on
□ in time of
2. 长难句理解
1.【★★☆】You can see that these ideas can cause misunderstanding between the British and Americans.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. 【★★☆】But when American and British people become friends, they usually find things are not as bad as they expected.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Passage 2
People will tell you the only way to really learn a language is to completely immerse (浸入) yourself in a country where that language is spoken. Not all language learners, of course, will have the opportunity to spend some time in an immersion environment. But if you can’t actually fly across the world to learn a new language, you can always create an immersion environment where you can talk to native speakers.
That’s where Babbel comes in. Babbel is one of the most popular language learning apps on the market for studying new languages at your own pace. The app emphasizes real-life conversational skills, so you won’t be stopped by grammatical structures and verb patterns.
And right now, you can get 15% off a lifetime subscription (订阅) to Babbel Language Learning ($150; ). A lifetime subscription is huge when it comes to getting the most out of the app, since you’ll be able to return to lessons time and time again and brush up on whichever section or topic you might need.
So how does it all work First, you’ll choose one of 14 languages. While Babbel offers familiar languages like Spanish and Italian, it also offers less commonly studied ones like Polish, Indonesian and more. Once you pick your language, you’ll choose a wide range of real-life topics. Each course takes about 10 to 15 minutes, so you can pick one up on the way to work, during your lunch break, or really at any point you have some time to kill.
Beyond this, Babbel includes a ton of additional features tailored to making sure you learn the language in a real, practical and accurate way. The app uses speech recognition technology to make sure your pronunciation is accurate compared with how native speakers would say certain words.
1.What does paragraph 1 mainly tell us
A. The terrifying experiences of travelling.
B. The importance of language learning environment.
C. Different ways to learn a new language.
D. Opportunities to communicate with native speakers.
2.What can we know about Babbel
A. It’s a tool for learning languages.
B. It is designed in various types.
C. It focuses more on grammar structures.
D. It’s the most popular app in the market.
3.What should the users do first to learn with the app
A. Choose the place to learn a course.
B. Pick the language they want to learn.
C. Calculate the reading time.
D. Choose a proper topic.
4.Why does Babbel use speech recognition technology
A. To represent its additional features.
B. To meet the needs of native speakers.
C. To compare differences between words.
D. To make the pronunciation correct.
1. 重点词汇和短语
已掌握请打√ 单词 在本文中的词性 常见释义
□ pace n
□ emphasize v
□ grammatical adj
□ pattern n
□ subscription n
□ conversational adj
□ accurate adj
□ recognition n
短语部分
□ a wide range of
□ a ton of
□ tailor to
□ brush up on
2. 长难句理解
1.【★★☆】But if you can’t actually fly across the world to learn a new language, you can always create an immersion environment where you can talk to native speakers.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. 【★★☆】 A lifetime subscription is huge when it comes to getting the most out of the app, since you’ll be able to return to lessons time and time again and brush up on whichever section or topic you might need.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Passage 3
How to Study Smarter, Not Harder
Here are some of our favorite study tips that will help any student study smarter, not harder:
Recite As You Study
Reciting----saying things out loud should first take place as you read through each paragraph or section. Test yourself. This will help you to understand as well as learn faster because it is more active than reading or listening.
It will also help you to notice your mistakes and the topics you have trouble understanding.
Take Fuller Notes
Notes should be in your own words, brief and clear. They should be tidy and easy to read. Writing notes will help you better than just underlining as you read, since it forces you to rewrite ideas in your own words.
Study the Middle
The best time to review is soon after you’ve learned something. You are more likely to remember the material at the beginning and the end of the lesson, so make sure you focus on the middle when you review.
Sleep On It
Study before going to bed, unless you are very tired. It's easier to remember material you have just learned after sleeping than after an equal period of daytime activity, because your brain continues to think even after you’ve fallen asleep.
Combine(结合) Memory and Understanding
There are two ways to remember: by memorizing and by understanding. Multiplication tables, telephone numbers, and math formulas are better learned by rote（死记硬背）. Ideas are best learned by understanding.
The more ways you have to think about an idea, the more meaning it will have; the more meaningful the learning, the better you can remember it. Pay attention to similarities in ideas and concepts, and then try to understand how they fit in with things you already know. Never be satisfied with anything less than a completely clear understanding of what you are reading. If you are not able to follow the thought, go back to the place where you first got confused and try again.
（2020年宁夏银川高一上学期期中考试）
1. You can notice your mistakes by ______.
A. speaking things out aloud
B. studying the middle
C. taking notes
D. sleeping on it
2. When taking notes, you should ______ to better help you with reading.
A. underline important notes
B. write as quickly as possible
C. write notes in your own words
D. take down every detail
3. Which of the following is NOT helpful for your understanding
A. Thinking about an idea in different ways.
B. Going back to what first made you confused and start again.
C. Relating ideas and concepts with what you already know.
D. Reading from the beginning to the end without stop.
1. 重点词汇和短语
已掌握请打√ 单词 在本文中的词性 常见释义
□ recite v
□ note n
□ brief adj
□ tidy adj
□ force v
□ memorize v
□ formula n
□ concept n
短语部分
□ take place
□ as well as
□ focus on
2. 长难句理解
1.【★★☆】 Writing notes will help you better than just underlining as you read, since it forces you to rewrite ideas in your own words.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. 【★★☆】 It's easier to remember material you have just learned after sleeping than after an equal period of daytime activity, because your brain continues to think even after you’ve fallen asleep.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.【巩固练习】
Passage 1
Our dog Sandy is a golden retriever（猎犬）. He sits in front of our house all day waiting for someone to come by and throw him a stick. Chasing sticks or tennis balls and bringing them back is the major activity in his life.
Once we performed an experiment to see how Sandy found these sticks and balls quickly.
There was one particular pile that must have had hundreds of sticks. We picked up one stick, walked away from the pile and then threw it back into the pile. It was impossible for us to tell with any certainty which stick we had originally chosen. So many of them looked alike to us that the best we could do was pick out seven sticks which resembled the one that had been thrown.
We tried the same thing with Sandy, only before throwing the stick we carved an X on it.
Then we threw it, not once but a dozen times into the pile. He circled the pile over and over.
Each time he brought back that stick. It wasn’ t the shape or the size or look of the stick that he used to pick it out from all the others. It was the smell we left on the stick. It is hard to imagine, but for dogs every living creature has its own distinctive smell.
The environment is the world that all living things share. It is what is — air, fire, wind, water, life, sometimes culture. Living creatures are born into the environment and are part of it too. For a dog like Sandy a book isn’ t much different than a stick, whereas for us one stick is pretty much like every other stick. There is no one world experienced by all living creatures. Though we all live in the same environment, we make many worlds.
（临汾市明德中学2018-2019学年高一第二学期期中测试）
1．What does Sandy love to do in daily life
A．Keep the house. B．Frighten away passers by.
C．Hunt for food. D．Run to catch sticks or balls.
2．How did Sandy pick out the marked stick quickly
A．By its size. B．By its shape.
C．By its smell. D．By its look.
3．What does the underlined word“ distinctive” probably mean
A．Typical. B．Weak.
C．Terrible. D．Nice.
4．What is the best title for the text
A．Sandy — A Brave Retriever
B．One Environment, Many Worlds
C．The Environment Made by Animals
D．The Stick — A Perfect Toy for Dogs
1. 重点词汇和短语
已掌握请打√ 单词 在本文中的词性 常见释义
□ stick n
□ chase v
□ major adj
□ pile n
□ original adj
□ resemble v
□ carve v
□ whereas conj
短语部分
□ pick up
□ over and over
2. 长难句理解
1.【★★☆】So many of them looked alike to us that the best we could do was pick out seven sticks which resembled the one that had been thrown.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. 【★★☆】It wasn’ t the shape or the size or look of the stick that he used to pick it out from all the others. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Passage 2
Visitors to Britain may find the best place to sample local culture is in a traditional pub. But these friendly pubs can be dangerous places of potential gaffes（失礼）for the newcomers.
A team of researchers have discovered some of the unknown customs of British pub-starting with the difficulty of getting a drink. Most pubs have no waiters-you have to go to the bar to buy drinks. A group of Italian youths waiting 45 minutes before they realized they would have to fetch their own. This may sound inconvenient, but there is a hidden purpose.
Pub culture is designed to promote sociability in a society known for its reserve. Standing at the bar for service allows you to chat with others waiting to be served. The bar counter is possibly the only' site in the British Isles in which friendly conversation with strangers is considered entirely suitable and really quite normal behavior. "If you haven't been to a pub, you haven't been to Britain." This tip can be found in a booklet, Passport to the Pub: The Tourists' Guide to Pub Etiquette, a customers' rule of conduct for those wanting to sample a central part of British life and culture"。
The trouble is that if you do not follow the local rules, the experience may fall flat. For example, if you are in a big group, it is best if only one or two people go to buy the drinks. Nothing annoys the regular customers and bar staff more than a group of strangers blocking all access to the bar while they chat and hesitate about what to order.
1. The underlined word "sample" in the first paragraph probably means"____________”.
A. defend B. experience C. test D. record
2. The culture of pub in Britain is so developed to____________.
A. encourage people to communicate with each other
B. encourage more people to consume drinks
C. attract more tourists to the pubs
D. form its own character of culture
3. What does the author mean by giving the example of a group of Italian youths in Paragraph2
A. British pubs don't always have waiters or waitresses.
B. There is always a hidden purpose in most British pubs.
C. It is quite convenient for people to get a drink in British pubs.
D. Not knowing the custom of British pubs may cause inconvenience.
1. 重点词汇和短语
已掌握请打√ 单词 在本文中的词性 常见释义
□ pub n
□ custom n
□ fetch v
□ promote v
□ reserve n
□ staff n
□ block v
□ hesitate v
短语部分
□ be known for
□ fall flat
2. 长难句理解
1.【★★☆】The bar counter is possibly the only' site in the British Isles in which friendly conversation with strangers is considered entirely suitable and really quite normal behavior.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. 【★★☆】Nothing annoys the regular customers and bar staff more than a group of strangers blocking all access to the bar while they chat and hesitate about what to order.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Passage 3
The automobile（汽车）has many advantages. Above all, it offers people freedom to go where they want to go, when they want to go there. The basic purpose of a motor vehicle is to get from point A to point B as cheaply, quickly, and safely as possible.
In addition, much of the world’ s economy is built on producing motor vehicles and supplying roads, services and repairs for those vehicles. Half of the world’ s paychecks are auto related. In the United States, one of every six dollars spent and one of every six nonfarm jobs are connected to the automobile or related industries, such as oil, steel, rubber, plastics, automobile services, and highway construction.
In spite of their advantages, motor vehicles have many harmful effects on human lives and on air, water, land, and wild life resources. Since Karl Benz built the first automobile, almost 18 million people have been killed by motor vehicles. In addition to the tragic loss of life, these accidents cost American society about $60 billion annually in lost income and in insurance, administrative, and legal expenses.
Los Angeles is a global symbol of urban sprawl （城市扩张）built around a vast network of freeways. An estimated one third of the city’ s total metropolitan（大都市的）area and two thirds of its downtown area are devoted to roads, parking lots and other automobile related uses. Each day, its network of streets and freeways is crowded with more than five million vehicles, which are responsible for 85% of both the air pollution and the noise in this urban area.
If present trends continue, U.S. motorists will spend an average of two years of their lifetimes in traffic jams. Streets that used to be for people are now for cars. Pedestrians and people riding bicycles in the streets are subjected to noise, pollution, stress, and danger.
Motor vehicles are the largest source of air pollution, producing a haze of smog over the world’ s cities. In the United States, they produce at least 50% of the country’ s air pollution. What do you think should be done
1．What do we know about the automobile
A．It develops slowly in style.
B．It brings us little convenience.
C．It causes no harm to wildlife.
D．It is an important part of the world’ s economy.
2．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4
A．Add some background information.
B．Summarize the previous paragraphs.
C．Provide some advice for the readers.
D．Introduce a new topic for discussion.
3．Which is a major problem resulting from automobiles
A．Noise. B．Land loss.
C．Air pollution. D．Tragic loss of life.
4．What’ s the main idea of the text
A．The automobile has many advantages.
B．The automobile has a tough time to survive.
C．The automobile brings influence in many ways.
D．The automobile is responsible for traffic accidents.
1. 重点词汇和短语
已掌握请打√ 单词 在本文中的词性 常见释义
□ advantage n
□ vehicle n
□ steel n
□ rubber n
□ highway n
□ construction n
□ tragic adj
□ insurance n
□ administrative adj
□ expense n
□ estimate v
□ urban adj
□ pedestrian n
短语部分
□ in spite of
□ in addition to
□ be crowded with
□ be subjected to
2. 长难句理解
1.【★★☆】 In addition to the tragic loss of life, these accidents cost American society about $60 billion annually in lost income and in insurance, administrative, and legal expenses.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. 【★★☆】Each day, its network of streets and freeways is crowded with more than five million vehicles, which are responsible for 85% of both the air pollution and the noise in this urban area.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.【提高练习】
Passage 1
Famous Chinese agricultural scientist Yuan Longping and his research team’s experiment of planting saltwater-tolerant(耐盐的) rice in desert areas of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates(阿拉伯联合酋长国) proved to be a success, with one type of rice producing more than 7.5 tons per hectare(公顷), Xinhua reported.
Saltwater-tolerant rice is designed to grow in tidal flats (潮滩地) or other areas with heavy salt content. It was the world’s first successful case of planting rice in a tropical(热带的) desert area, standing as China’s contribution to improving the ability of people in desert areas to be self-sufficient(自给自足的) in main foods, a move that can protect global food security and improve the desert ecological environment.
In January, the center chose dozens of types of hybrid rice and planted them on small places of desert areas near Dubai. After five months of growth, the center invited experts from India, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates and other countries for evaluation, and found three types of rice producing more than 6 tons per hectare. In June, a second evaluation will be carried out for middle-season rice.
The technology of saltwater-tolerant rice plays a key role in the success as the natural environment of the Dubai desert is terrible for rice growth. The daytime temperatures could be as high as over 50 ℃, and nighttime temperatures could drop by 30 ℃. Humidity(湿度) stays below 20 percent and there are sandstorms from time to time. The biggest challenge is the desert soil, which is low in organic matter and unable to keep soil moisture as it is totally sand. To make it worse, sea water remains just 7.5 meters below the soil, which makes it easy to be full of salt.
With this success, the center and the private investment office of the ruler of the Emirate of Dubai plan to set up a 100-hectare experimental farmland in Dubai, to test the production costs and cultivation techniques(耕种技术) of the saltwater-tolerant rice and prepare for promotion. The two parties will construct a 100-hectare standard farmland in 2019 and speed up rice planting in 2020.
1. What can we infer from the second paragraph
A. The tropical desert areas have done well in being self-sufficient.
B. Planting saltwater-tolerant rice can be easily achieved in many tropical desert-areas.
C. Chinese team play a great role in planting saltwater-tolerant rice in desert areas.
D. Saltwater-tolerant rice is designed to grow in areas with heavy salt content.
2. What’s the most difficult thing for rice growth in Dubai desert
A. Its daytime temperature could be up to 50 ℃ and humidity stays below 20%.
B. It’s just 6.5 meters above the sea water and easy to be full of salt.
C. It is extremely expensive to conduct experiments in tropical desert areas.
D. Its soil is short of organic matter and hard to keep soil moisture.
3. Which of the following statements is TRUE
A. Dubai still has a lot to do before the saltwater-tolerant rice benefits other areas.
B. The natural environment is the key factor of the success of the experiment.
C. No evaluation will be performed again as the experiment has been successful.
D. The ruler of the Emirate of Dubai thinks little of the result of the experiment.
4. What’s the passage mainly about
A. The United Arab Emirates tries to improve the desert ecological environment.
B. Chinese team succeeds in planting saltwater-tolerant rice in Dubai’s desert.
C. The rice experiment is of great importance for the tropical desert-areas.
D. Chinese team help expand the farming of saltwater-tolerant rice.
1. 重点词汇和短语
已掌握请打√ 单词 在本文中的词性 常见释义
□ tolerant adj.
□ ecological adj.
□ evaluation n.
□ organic adj.
□ investment n.
□ promotion n.
□ party n.
□ standard n.
短语部分
□ stand as
□ dozens of
□ carry out
□ play a key role in
2. 长难句理解
1.【★★☆】The biggest challenge is the desert soil, which is low in organic matter and unable to keep soil moisture as it is totally sand.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. 【★★☆】It was the world’s first successful case of planting rice in a tropical(热带的) desert area, standing as China’s contribution to improving the ability of people in desert areas to be self-sufficient(自给自足的) in main foods, a move that can protect global food security and improve the desert ecological environment.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Passage 2
Building a five-star hotel in the middle of a valuable wilderness(荒野) without damaging(破坏) the environment might not be easy, but it is far from impossible. The King Pacific Lodge in British Columbia's Great Bear Rainforest shows that if enough care and attention is taken, the task is possible.
Unlike many other hotel building plans, no trees were cut down and no land was wasted to build it. The Lodge does not have the same location（位置） but sits on a floating boat pulled into the sea bay in May, till September. Those wishing to stay in one of its seventeen rooms must access it by boat or seaplane. Each guest staying at the Lodge is charged 3% tax（税） on the protection of the natural resources, but is given the chance to see whales and bears. And since these are the main attractions of the area and of the Lodge, the management knows well that in order to stay in business they must make the area untouched.
In 2000, the Lodge management signed an agreement with the native(本土的) Gitga'at people. Together they work for the benefit of the area. The Lodge knows that the native tribe （部落）is the owners of the land, so it pays the tribe for the use of their land and even supports the native youth and employs the tribe's people. They, in turn, teach the newcomers about the local culture.
The King Pacific Lodge is one of a growing number of tourism companies that manage to minimize their environmental damage to win the approval（批准）of the local government where they set up their business. These companies pay more attention to environmental protection and are careful to use natural resources and protect endangered animals. Realizing how destructive tourism can be, they want to avoid the love-it-to-death effect of tourism.
1. From the passage, we know that the King Pacific Lodge______________.
A. follows other hotels’ building plans.
B. is less popular among tourists.
C. is far away from an important wilderness.
D. has been created after careful consideration.
2. Which of the following statements is TRUE
A. The King Pacific Lodge is in an area without any trees.
B. The King Pacific Lodge can be moved from place to place.
C. Guests in the King Pacific Lodge can take part in programs about the protection of nature.
D. Guests in the King Pacific Lodge have to pay extra money for the boat to get there.
3. According to paragraph 3, we learn that some of the native people ____________.
A. want to learn the newcomers' culture.
B. are not willing to sell their land.
C. are employed by local government to work for the Lodge.
D. may have the chance to work at the Lodge.
4. According to the passage, the tourist industry__________.
A. will always do harm to the environment.
B. cares little about the importance of environmentally friendly tourism.
C. can do less damage to the environment.
D. always has a disagreement with the local government.
1. 重点词汇和短语
已掌握请打√ 单词 在本文中的词性 常见释义
□ float v
□ bay n
□ access v
□ charge v
□ whale n
□ sign v
□ benefit n
□ minimize v
□ destructive adj
短语部分
□ pull into
□ cut down
□ in turn
2. 长难句理解
1.【★★☆】Building a five-star hotel in the middle of a valuable wilderness(荒野) without damaging(破坏) the environment might not be easy, but it is far from impossible.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. 【★★☆】 The King Pacific Lodge is one of a growing number of tourism companies that manage to minimize their environmental damage to win the approval（批准）of the local government where they set up their business. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Passage 3
Stay-at-home kids are named “generation nini” in Spain. They are those adults who still live at home and are neither working nor studying. But the problem is not limited to Spain. It is a worldwide problem.
In Italy, they are known as “bamboccioni” or big babies. There nearly 60 percent of 18-34-year-old adults still live in their parents’ home, up from almost 50 percent since 1983. Once kept there by the love for their mama’s home-cooked food, the economic crisis（经济危机）has seen a rise in adults left unable to hold down a steady job or afford a home of their own. Last year, an Italian government minister admitted that his mother washed his clothes and made the bed for him until he was 30. He demanded a law forcing young Italians to leave their parents’ home at 18 to stop them becoming hopelessly dependent on their parents.
In the UK, the government has made the term NEETS---not in employment, education or training for these children. In England alone the percent of NEETS aged 19-24 surged to 18.8 percent of the age group-in the last quarter of 2010, up 1.4 percent on the same period a year before. The number of British men in their 20s living with their parents has risen from 59 percent to 80 percent in the past 15 years, while the number of women has risen from 41percent to 50 percent. The average age of the first-time house buyers is now 38.
In the US, the problem is known as the “full nest syndrome（综合症）”. Adults there are left struggling to support adult children who have stayed at home with student debts and facing few job opportunities in a weak economy. A recent study showed almost a third of American adults aged 34 and under are living with their parents.
1. “Big babies” mentioned in Paragraph 2 refers to those adults who ______.
A. are poorly educated B. are not as smart as others
C. lose their job in the bad economy D. depend on their parents for a living
2. The Italian government minister thinks that ______.
A. parents should make their children feel hopeless
B. young people should live on their own after18
C. parents should never make the bed for their children
D. it is OK for adult children to live with their parents
3. The underlined word “surged” in paragraph 3 can be replaced by ______.
A jumped B. reduced
C. recovered D. moved
4. What does the last paragraph tell us ______
A. Some American adult children are causing trouble for their parents
B. American parents are happy to live with their children
C. America has the most adult children compared with other countries
D. It is a tradition for adult children to live with their parents in America
1. 重点词汇和短语
已掌握请打√ 单词 在本文中的词性 常见释义
□ limited adj
□ worldwide adj
□ steady adj
□ afford v
□ minister n
□ term n
短语部分
□ hold down
□ the number of
2. 长难句理解
1.【★★☆】 In England alone the percent of NEETS aged 19-24 surged to 18.8 percent of the age group-in the last quarter of 2010, up 1.4 percent on the same period a year before.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. 【★★☆】Once kept there by the love for their mama’s home-cooked food, the economic crisis（经济危机）has seen a rise in adults left unable to hold down a steady job or afford a home of their own.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Passage 4
Six Chinese survived the legendary tragedy of the RMS Titanic (泰坦尼克号), but disappeared soon after. Now a British director, Arthur Jones, will uncover their stories and histories of discrimination(歧视).
There were eight Chinese between the ages of 24 and 37 on the Titanic, boiler workers sharing one 59-pound third-class ticket, according to the record of Titanic Cruise Line, but only six survived from its sinking. When they arrived in the United States, they were not helped, like the other 705 survivors. Instead they were forced to leave the country within 24 hours, because of the Chinese Exclusion Act(排华法案) signed in 1882.
Some westerners questioned the six Chinese survivors as stowaways(偷渡者) and claimed that they survived because they secretly climbed on the lifeboat or dressed as women to board lifeboats. But Jones believes they did not do anything shameful in order to survive the disaster after visiting foreign files, museums and cooperating with American and Chinese historians. This is not only a story about the survivors of Titanic, but also a story of a group of brave Chinese people exploring the outside world at that time, he said.
To restore(还原) their ignored stories, Jones and his team found the son of Fang Lang, one of the Chinese survivors , in Wisconsin, US. In May, Jones will visit Taishan city in south China’s Guangzhou province, recorded as the survivors’ hometown. The filmmakers also established a website, , for more clues.
Ordinarily, people think of Titanic as a story of rich white people, but don’t know there were people from all over the world, including Chinese. Their stories are never told, Jones said.
1. Why did some westerners question the six Chinese as stowaways and claimed they dressed as women to board lifeboats
A. Because they thought highly of their contribution to the Titanic.
B. Because they just looked down upon Chinese at that time.
C. Because they were not satisfied with the service the six provided.
D. Because they thought the six were not gentlemen.
2. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE
A. Jones holds an opinion that the six did something against the law.
B. The six Chinese’s stories have never been told before.
C. There were 8 Chinese between the ages of 24 and 37 on the Titanic.
D. The six Chinese were forced to leave within one day after they landed in US.
3. What does the underlined word “established” in the fourth paragraph mean
A. look for B. set up C. work out D. pick up
4. What’s the author’s purpose of writing this passage
A. To share some specific details of the tragedy of the RMS Titanic.
B. To honor the brave heroes who passed away in the terrible accident.
C. To tell us a British director will uncover the stories of 6 Chinese Titanic survivors.
D. To tell some history stories in which westerns looked down upon Chinese.
1. 重点词汇和短语
已掌握请打√ 单词 在本文中的词性 常见释义
□ legendary adj
□ tragedy n
□ sinking n
□ claim v
□ board v
□ shameful adj
□ ignore v
□ clue n
短语部分
□ according to
□ climb on
2. 长难句理解
1.【★★☆】 Some westerners questioned the six Chinese survivors as stowaways(偷渡者) and claimed that they survived because they secretly climbed on the lifeboat or dressed as women to board lifeboats.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. 【★★☆】This is not only a story about the survivors of Titanic, but also a story of a group of brave Chinese people exploring the outside world at that time, he said.
高一阅读理解说明文
一、文章类型
英语说明文与其他文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面，即who → what → when → where → how → why。 说明文是对事物或事理进行客观解释的一种文体。它以解释为主要的表达方式，通过解释事物或澄清事物来达到教人知识的目的。说明文的特点是客观、简洁、准确、清晰，文章很少表达作者的情感倾向。在结构上，常采用总分法和递进法，按一定的顺序(如时间、空间、从现象到本质)进行说明。
近五年来，说明文的变化不大，一直非常稳定，选材通常是各学科的问题；高新技术领域的科研成果；人们关心的社会问题；人文学科的经典之作等。由于阅读理解题的设置采用渐进式，即从简单到困难的方式，所以说明文是高考试卷中相对较难的阅读理解题。C篇较多考察说明文。
二、满分技巧
记住前面的wh-word。边阅读，边搜记，牢记要点，把握全文 。说明文的重点在于读懂它说明的事物或事理，了解事物的性质、结构、形成原因、功能；了解事物的意义和特征等。
1. 重视文章标题，找准全文主题句，把握文章主旨。
2. 细读文章，注意文章细节理解。
3. 理解整体语篇，掌握作者意图。
4. 多读多背，扩大词汇量，掌握猜词技巧。
【课中练习】
Passage 1
Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain (保持) a healthy lifestyle. Group exercise is challenging, yet fun! Of course everyone knows that exercise is good for the body. However, studies have shown that when exercise is performed in groups, it’s not only great for improving physical health but for psychological health. It’s an opportunity to be social and improve your strength. Additionally, group exercise creates a community feel and the shared common goal inspire people to work hard.
Another beneficial aspect of group exercise is the informational support people receive from the instructor. Many people fear the gym because they feel lost and don’t want to embarrass themselves. If you feel that way, then group training is an even better option for you. It’s a great opportunity to learn more about fitness through the clear instruction of a fitness instructor. If you’re tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored, you can attend an upbeat group fitness class that will keep your workout on track. Don’t let fitness frighten you!
If you’re serious about wanting to live a healthy lifestyle, it’s extremely important to surround yourself with people who’ll provide you with the proper emotional support. Surround yourself with people who encourage and understand you! Make fitness even more fun by trying something new or any group fitness class with a friend. Plan to go for a jog together. Then try a fun healthy restaurant or fresh juice bar! Fitness can be both fun and social!
Surrounding yourself with people who’ll provide you with respect support can be very beneficial while working towards reaching health and fitness goals. First, decide to do it for yourself and work towards staying positive. Then make sure the people you surround yourself with are supportive.
（2019-2020, 山东师大附中高一上12月月考，C）
1.【★★☆】Why is group exercise more beneficial according to Paragraph 1
A. It can help set practical goals.
B. It can improve physical fitness.
C. It can reduce stress and anxiety.
D. It can create a sense of belonging.
2. 【★★☆】What does the underlined word “upbeat” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Peaceful. B. Boring. C. Cheerful. D. Annoying.
3. 【★★☆】What can be learnt from the text
A. Support from friends matters.
B. Doing sports alone is harmful.
C. We should often eat out with friends.
D. Jogging is the most beneficial sport.
4. 【★★☆】What may be the best title for the text
A. Ways to do group exercise
B. Group exercise, better health
C. Without friends, without health
D. Benefits of doing exercise
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了团体运动的好处，和其他人一起运动可以和他人进行交流，从而获得支持，也能够得到一些无形的好处。团体运动是改善身体状况的最有效的方法之一，并有益于保持健康的生活方式。作者主要从三个方面说明了团体运动的好处。
1.【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Additionally, group exercise creates a community feel and the shared common goal inspire people to work hard.可知，此外，团体运动创造了一种社区感觉和共同的目标激励人们努力工作。由此可知，团体运动可以创造一种归属感，所以更有益。故选D。
2.【答案】C
【解析】词义猜测题。根据后文that will keep your workout on track.可知如果你厌倦了在健身房里浪费时间和无聊，参加一个乐观的团体健身班可以让你的锻炼保持在正轨上。故划线单词意思为“乐观的，快乐的”。故选C。
3.【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句If you’re serious about wanting to live a healthy lifestyle, it’s extremely important to surround yourself with people who’ll provide you with the proper emotional support.可知如果你真的想要过一种健康的生活方式，和那些能给你提供适当情感支持的人在一起是非常重要的。由此可知，朋友的感情支持很重要。故选A。
4.【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain a healthy lifestyle.可知团体运动是提高身体素质和保持健康生活方式的最有效方法之一。结合下文内容可推断，文章的主要内容是在说团体运动的好处，团体运动包含的好处主要是因为大家在一起运动，不仅生理上会有一些好处，而且团队内其他成员会给你支持，教练也会给你们一些信息上的支持。故B选项“团体运动，身体更健康”符合文章标题。故选B。
1. 重点词汇和短语
已掌握请打√ 单词 在本文中的词性 常见释义
□ effective adj. 有效的
□ challenging adj. 有挑战性的
□ yet conj. 但是
□ physical adj. 身体的，物质的
□ perform v. 表演、履行、执行
□ psychological adj. 精神的，心理的
□ opportunity n. 机会
□ instruction v. 指示、命令、教授
□ instructor n. 教练、指导者
□ strength n. 力量、长处
□ inspire v. 激励、启发
□ beneficial adj. 有益的
□ embarrass v. 使尴尬
□ option n.. 选择
□ workout n... 锻炼
□ surround v. 包围、环绕
□ emotional adj. 情感上的
短语部分
□ physical fitness 身体健康
□ wander around 徘徊，转来转去
2. 长难句理解
1. 【★★☆】If you’re serious about wanting to live a healthy lifestyle, it’s extremely important to surround yourself with people who’ll provide you with the proper emotional support.
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【答案】如果你真的想要过一种健康的生活方式，和那些能给你提供适当情感支持的人在一起是非常重要的。
2. 【★★☆】If you’re tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored, you can attend an upbeat group fitness class that will keep your workout on track.
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【答案】如果你厌倦了在健身房里浪费时间，并感到无聊，那你可以参加一个欢乐的团体健身班，可以让你的锻炼保持在正轨上。
Passage 2
If you move to a new school, you’ll have to worry whether or not you’ll make friends. Here are some simple suggestions which help you make new friends a lot easier.
Try speaking to the people next to you in class. As they’re close by, it makes sense to communicate with them first.
Have courage to speak to everyone in your class. You will probably stay with that class through your years at the new school, so it helps if you get on with them.
If you don’t have many friends in your class, try and make new friends in your subject lessons. You can also talk with them at lunchtime and after school.
Join a lunchtime or after-school club. You’ll get to meet kids of all years that way.
Ask your teacher to pair you with another pupil.
Use your celebrity status! Since you’re the new person, you’ll have gained celebrity status, which you can use for a couple of weeks. Talk to people, remember to smile and always be open and friendly. Listen carefully to what others have to say so as to make them feel important.
As you grow older, it’s natural to make new friends and sometimes that means you grow apart from your old friends. So try and make time for all your friends. Why not introduce your different sets of friends so you can all go to the cinema or bowling together
But what if a friendship group is pushing you out If this is happening to you, try and ask someone you’re friendly with what is happening. If the whole group is leaving you out, try to find new people to spend time with at lunchtime.
（安徽省芜湖市2019年高一自主招生考试）
1. According to the passage, moving to a new school is _______.
A. interesting B. exciting
C. worrying D. boring
2. According to the author, what should we do when we move to a new school
A. Sit close to friendly classmates.
B. Try to study well to gain others’ trust.
C. Try our best to help our new classmates.
D. Take possible chances to communicate with others.
3. To make our classmates feel that they are important to us, we should ______.
A. listen to them carefully B. be friendly and open to them
C. smile while talking with them D. make use of our celebrity status
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了初到一所新学校时如何交友。与坐在你旁边的人交谈、敢于和大家交流、在班里结识新朋友、请老师将你与其他同学结成搭档、利用你的名人地位等都是很好的交友方法。【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一句中的"you'll have to worry"可知，初到一所新学校是令人担忧的。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。分析文中给出的几条建议，例如So try and make time for all your friends．可知，这些建议均鼓励读者抓住一切可能的机会与他人交流，这样才更容易交到朋友。故选D。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段最后一句"Listen carefully to what others have to say so as to make them feel important．"可知，认真倾听能使同学们感觉到他们在我们心目中的重要性。故选A。
1. 重点词汇和短语
已掌握请打√ 单词 在本文中的词性 常见释义
□ pair v 一对，配对
□ celebrity n. 名人
□ status n. 状态，地位，身份
□ gain v. 获得；得到
□ bowling n. 保龄球
□ courage n. 勇气
短语部分
□ make sense 有意义；讲得通
□ get on with 相处的来
□ so as to 为了
□ leave out 省略；遗漏
长难句理解
【★★☆】 Since you’re the new person, you’ll have gained celebrity status, which you can use for a couple of weeks.
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【答案】由于你是新人，你会得到名人身份，你可以用这个名人身份好几周。
2.【★★☆】As you grow older, it’s natural to make new friends and sometimes that means you grow apart from your old friends.
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【答案】随着你渐渐长大，很自然你会交到新的朋友并且有时候这意味着你会跟你的老朋友分开。
Passage3
It can be really hard to learn a new language. I had always enjoyed learning languages in school, but only recently did I start learning German. I found that I could understand and learn individual words easily, but when it came to literature, I really struggled. That was when my tutor at university suggested reading some children's books printed in the target language.
At first, I felt a bit silly going on a hunt for a book designed for someone half my age, but then I realised that everyone has to start somewhere. As children, we are given these basic texts to familiarise our brains with certain vocabulary and writing structures, and from there, we can learn and develop. I started with books which are taught to us as children in the UK. I

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