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第六-七讲 句子成分、结构和类型
学习内容 教学目标
1 单词的词性分类 识记单词的词性
2 基本的句子成分 识记基本的句子成分
3 各类词性充当的句子成分 判断不同词性的单词充当何种句子成分
问题层级图：
目标层级图：
课堂讲义
词性的分类
名词 (n.) student, China, family, milk
代词 (pron.) you, his, herself 反身代词, these, what, everything
形容词 (adj.) good, afraid, important
副词 (adv.) soon, there, quite, carefully, always
动词 (vt.&vi.&vl.) study, come, forget, sleep, are, smell, become
数词 (num.) two hundred, fifth, one third, three percent
介词 (prep.) in, above, instead of, during
连词 (conj.) so, both...and, until
冠词 (art.) a, an, the
练习：请将方框中的单词按要求进行分类。
desk, wonderful, seldom, finish, between, either…or, ourselves, map, that, twelve, with, leave, because, hardly, lunch, know, song, him, over, high, thirtieth, as well as, deep, usually, ninth, keep, through, friendly, therefore, those, thousand, quickly, argue, if, above, lovely, nothing, bag, across
名词：_________________________________________________________________________
动词：_________________________________________________________________________
代词：_________________________________________________________________________
形容词：_______________________________________________________________________
副词：_________________________________________________________________________
介词：_________________________________________________________________________
连词：_________________________________________________________________________
数词：_________________________________________________________________________
答案：名词：desk, map, lunch, song, bag
动词：finish, leave, know, keep, argue
代词：ourselves, him, that, those, nothing
形容词：wonderful, high, deep, friendly, lovely
副词：seldom, hardly, usually, quickly
介词：between, with, over, through, above, across
连词：either...or, because, as well as, therefore, if
数词：twelve, thirtieth, ninth, thousand
句子成分
定义：句子成分是句子的组成成分。根据词语在句子当中的地位和作用的不同，可以分为主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语等不同的成分。
成分 功能 例句
核心成分 主语 句子的主体，谓语动作的发出者 Jane is good at maths. They were singing a song.
谓语 句子的核心，主语发出的行为 Lily can play the piano well. He gets up early.
宾语 谓语动作的承受 者 I bought some flowers in the store. Louis has made the view clear.
表语 描述主语的身份或状态 Tom is a student. We were quite excited when it happened.
非核心成分 定语 修饰名词或代词 Jenny is a beautiful model. I have got something important to tell you.
状语 修饰动词、形容词或副词及句子 She ran very quickly when she saw her mom yesterday. Unfortunately, he failed the interview.
补语 对所修饰词进行补充说明 I find it interesting to learn swimming. We will make him our leader.
同位语 解释名词或代词的具体内容 He, the little boy, saved the girl bravely. The idea is clear that human beings are damaging the earth.
练习：请判别出划线部分的句子成分。
The secret of success is to keep on working.
Time is money.
My uncle will fly to Thailand next week.
My grandmother was tired when she climbed the stairs.
The tall Chinese girl is speaking to her teacher.
His uncle sings English songs quite well.
We have to make the house clean and tidy before we move into it. 宾语补足语
The man saw a thief walking into the store.
What he really meant was to put it into practice.
答案： 1. 主语 2. 表语 3. 谓语 4.宾语 5. 定语 6. 状语 7. 补语 8. 补语 9. 主语
三、各类词性在句中的用法
成分 词性 主语 谓语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 同位语
名词 √ √ √ √ √ √
代词 √ √ √ √
形容词 √ √ √ √
副词 √ √ √ √
动词 √
数词 √ √ √ √ √ √
介词(短语) √ √ √ √
e.g.
1. I get annoyed when someone talks to me rudely.
讲解：在该句中，I充当句子的主语，get是系动词充当谓语，annoyed为过去分词作表语。when之后是一个时间状语从句，在从句中someone是不定代词作主语，talks充当谓语动词，me为宾语，rudely则是副词修饰talks作了状语。
2. She found the book exciting and kept reading it.
讲解：在该句中，she是句子的主语，found是谓语动词，the book作宾语，exciting则充当宾语补足语, 对book进行补充说明。and为连词，kept与found并列作谓语，reading是动名词作kept的宾语，it则是指代the book又作read的宾语。
练习：请判别出划线部分的句子成分。
I shall answer your question after class. _________________________
答案：状语
解析：“课下我再回答你的问题。”“after class”做时间状语。
Time is money. _________________________
答案：表语
解析：“时间就是金钱。”本句是主系表结构。
The man saw a thief walking into the store. _________________________
答案：补语
解析：“这个人看见一个小偷走进了这家商店。”“walking into the store”做“saw”的补语。
My uncle will fly to Thailand next week. _________________________
答案：谓语
解析：本句是主谓宾状结构，“will fly”做句子的谓语。
He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. _________________________
答案：定语
解析：of 结构构成所属关系，意为“有关宫殿的照片”，所以做photo 的定语。
His dream is to become a scientist. _________________________
答案：表语
解析：本句是主系表结构，不定式做句中的表语。
Tom came to ask me for advice. _________________________
答案：补语
解析：“汤姆跑来问我的意见。”由于“come”是不及物动词，所以不能直接加宾语，这里是接不定式来描述动作，所以不定式在此做补语，是对整个动作进行补充说明。
I have something important to tell you. _________________________
答案：定语
解析：形容词修饰不定代词放后面，“一些重要的事”，所以这里是做定语。
Luckily, he wasn’t badly hurt. _________________________
答案：状语
解析：副词位于句首，修饰整个句子，这是状语的功能。
I find it important to learn English. _________________________
答案：宾语
解析：“我发现学习英语很重要。”此处是it做形式宾语，不定式做真正的宾语。
练习：请连词成句，并圈出谓语动词。
the fish, we, ate, this morning.
解答：We ate the fish this morning.
gave, the book, Mary, her father, to
解答: Mary gave the book to her father.
smells, the flower, great
解答：The flower smells great.
the man, stealing, the boy, caught, the milk, in the supermarket
解答:The boy caught the man stealing the milk in the supermarket.
Or The man caught the boy stealing the milk in the supermarket.
he, well, his homework, does
解答: He does his homework well.
showed, the beautiful pictures, she, her mother
解答：She showed her mother the beautiful pictures.
heard me, when, he, he opened the door, singing a song
解答：He heard me singing a song when he opened the door.
found, to swim, it, in such cold weather, she, terrible
解答: She found it terrible to swim in such cold weather.
taught, the great importance, our teacher, us, of protecting the earth
解答:Our teacher taught us the great importance of protecting the earth.
clean, me, the room, he, helped
解答: He helped me clean the room.
练习：请分析下文中划线句子的成分。
Two men were standing at a bar. One man turned to the other and said, ‘I’ll bet you $100 that I can bite my left eye.’ The wager (赌注) was accepted, and the man popped (突然挖出) out his glass eye and bit it. ‘Now,’ he said, ‘I will give you a chance to win your money back. I will bet you another $100 that I can bite my right eye.’ ‘He can’t have two glass eyes.’ thought the other man, and he put down his money. Then the first man took out his false teeth and bit his right eye.
答案：
1. Two men (主语) were standing (谓语动词) at a bar (介词短语作状语).
The wager (主语) was accepted (谓语动词).
I (主语) will give (谓语动词) you (间接宾语) a chance (直接宾语) to win your money back (不定式作状语).
He (主语) can’t have (谓语动词) two glass eyes (宾语).
Then (状语) the first man (主语) took out (谓语动词) his (定语) false teeth (宾语) and (连词) bit (谓语动词) his (定语) right eye (宾语).
四、英语中的五种基本句型
五种句型 主语 谓语 其他成分
主语+谓语 The children slept.
主语+谓语+宾语 I like chatting online. (宾语)
主语+系动词+表语 She is a policewoman. (表语)
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 Surfing the Internet brings me (间接宾语) much fun. (直接宾语)
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 We can call him Jack. (宾语补足语)
练习：判断下列句子属于何种类型并翻译为汉语。（3分钟）
Time flies by.
I can’t stand the heat.
I sent you an E-mail.
It cost me three dollars.
One of my old friends died.
You can leave the door open.
Teachers will make your English better.
He does his homework well.
We were frightened at that time.
She looks excited today.
答案：1. 主谓结构；时光飞逝 2. 主谓宾结构；我受不了这热度 3. 主谓双宾结构；我给你寄了一封电子邮件 4. 主谓双宾结构；它花了我三美金 5. 主谓结构；我的一个老朋友过世了 6. 主谓宾+宾补；你可以让门开着 7. 主谓宾+宾补；老师们会让你的英语变得更好 8. 主谓宾结构；他做作业做得很好 9. 主系表结构；我们那时很害怕 10. 主系表结构；她今天看上去很兴奋
补充： 本节课讨论了英语中简单句的五种基本句型，而掌握句型的关键在于掌握动词的用法。英语中的动词分为系动词、不及物动词、及物动词、双宾语动词及复合宾语动词，掌握了动词的用法，就能准确判断句子的基本结构。
动词种类 对应句型
系动词(be, look, feel, smell, sound, taste, get, become, turn, grow等) 主语 + 系动词 + 表语
不及物动词(run, work, sleep, die, listen, talk, 主语 + 谓语
sit, fly, sit, lie等)
及物动词( like, want, buy, borrow, sell, know, take, save, prefer等行为动词) 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语
双宾语动词(send, buy, give, show, bring, lend, hand, promise, teach, offer, pass, make等 ) 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
复合宾语动词(call, think, elect, make, find, leave, see, hear, watch, notice, catch等) 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语
e.g.
1. She showed her mother the beautiful pictures. (主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语)
= She showed the beautiful pictures to her mother.
2. We elected him president of the Students’ Union. (主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语)
总结：区分句子是‘主谓双宾’结构还是‘主谓宾+宾补’结构，主要看谓语之后的两个成分是否可以互换位置。跟在双宾语之后的两个宾语是可以互换的，而宾语补足语是对宾语进行补充说明，因此不能和宾语互换位置。
练习1：将下列单词组合成语序正确的句子，并判断出是何种句型结构。（2分钟）
the fish, we, ate, this morning.
gave, the book, Mary, her father, to
smells, the flower, great
the baby, soundly, sleeping, was
the man, stealing, the boy, caught, the milk, in the supermarket
答案：
1. We ate the fish this morning. / This morning we ate the fish. 主谓宾结构
Mary gave the book to her father. 主谓双宾结构
The flower smells great. 主系表结构
The baby was sleeping soundly. 主谓结构
The man caught the boy stealing the milk in the supermarket. / The boy caught the man stealing the milk in the supermarket. 主谓宾+宾补
练习2：判断出下列句型是‘主谓双宾’结构还是‘主谓宾+宾补’结构，并将‘主谓双宾’结构的句子进行改写。（2分钟）
She found it terrible to swim in such cold weather.
She did me a favor.
He sold some curtain materials to me.
He heard me singing a song when he opened the door.
答案：1. 主谓宾+宾补 2. 主谓双宾；She did a favor for me. 3. 主谓双宾; He sold me some curtain materials. 4. 主谓宾+宾补
（第7次课）
分析句子成分的高级运用
练习：请分析下列句子的成分，说明各个成分的词性。（4分钟）
I want her to know that my dress is rather pretty and that I would like to wear it at the party.
We were taught the great importance of protecting the earth.
The tall man is showing his son how to plant trees because he has a garden in the house.
My teacher advised me to read English newspaper every day to improve my pronunciation.
答案：
I (人称代词作主语) want (行为动词充当谓语) her (人称代词作宾语) to know (不定式作宾补) that (宾语从句连词) my dress (名词作主语) is (系动词) rather (副词做状语) pretty (形容词作表语) and (并列连词) that (宾语从句连词) I (人称代词作主语) would like (动词短语作谓语) to wear it (不定式作宾语) at the party (介词短语作状语).
We (人称代词作主语) were taught (谓语动词的被动语态) the great importance of protecting the earth (直接宾语).
The tall (形容词作定语) man (名词作主语) is showing(谓语动词) his son (间接宾语) how to plant trees (直接宾语) because (原因状语从句连词) he (人称代词作主语) has (行为动词充当谓语) a garden (名词作宾语) in the house(介词短语作状语).
My(人称代词作定语) teacher (名词作主语) advised (行为动词充当谓语) me (人称代词作宾语) to read English newspaper (不定式作宾补) every day (时间状语) to improve my pronunciation (不定式作目的状语).
六、简单句、并列句和复合句
1. 简单句
只含有一个主谓结构并且句子各成分都只由单词或短语构成的独立句子
1) I am reading a book.
2) I am reading a book in the library.
3) I am reading an interesting storybook in the library with full attention.
2. 并列句
(1) 并列句的常见连词
两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子，叫做并列句，其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。并列连词有：and, but, or 等并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。
常见连词 关系 意义
and 并列，对称 “和”
but 并列或选择 “或者”、“否则”、 “要不然”
or 转折 “但是”
e.g.
I like action movies but don't like thrillers. 我喜欢动作片，但不喜欢恐怖片。
Hurry up or you'll be late. 快点，否则你要迟到了。
注意：连词可连接两个谓语动词，两个短语，两个分句，但所连接的两个成分必须一致，绝不能一个是词，另一个是句子。
e.g.
He came in and sat down near a window. 他进来坐在了靠窗户的座位。
I like red and orange. 我喜欢红色和橙色。
He isn't my brother or my friend. 他不是我兄弟也不是我朋友。
I like playing football and swimming. 我喜欢踢足球喜欢游泳。
(2) 其他连词
关系
并列 and both...and as well as not only...but (also) neither...nor
转折 but
选择 or either...or... not...but... or else
因果 for so/so that therefore
对比 while
时间 and
递进 not only...but also neither... nor
e.g.
She not only sings but also dances. (并列)
The film is not perfect, still, it's good. (转折)
Take the chance, or else you will regret it. (选择)
I'd better take an umbrella, for it is going to rain. (因果)
总结：
1、一个句子有且仅有一个谓语动词。
2、再有谓语动词的话可以用连词连接两个谓语，或用连词连接两个简单句，形成并列句。
3、依据两个简单句之间的关系选择合适的连词。
(3) 特殊的并列句
a. 祈使句+ and + 一般将来时的句子
这个句型表示“如果做到了祈使句表示的事情，就会有后面句子表示的结果”。
b. 祈使句 + or + 一般将来时的句子
这个句型表示“如果做不到祈使句表示的事情，就会有后面句子表示的结果”。
e.g.
Give me a chance, and I will give you a surprise. 给我一个机会，我会还你一个奇迹。
Don't move, or you will be dead. 别动，否则你就死定了。
练习1：选出正确答案。（1分钟）
1. Study hard,_____ you are sure to have a good result in the exam.
A. or B. and C. for D. but
2. Be quick,_____ we’ll be late for class.
A. or B. so C. and D. but
3. Come a little earlier next time,_____ you’ll miss the best part of the TV play.
A. and B. but C. or D. till
答案：B A C
判断并列句的步骤：
第一步：句子中有N＞1 个谓语动词。
第二步：判断连词不是连接两个谓语动词。
第三步：判断并列句之间的关系，选择合适连词。
练习2：选出正确答案。（3分钟）
1. We bought her a birthday present, _____ she liked it very much.
A. so B. or C. and D. but
2. — Didn’t you give roses to your father on Father’s Day
— Oh, not only my father,_____ my grandpa got red roses.
A. or B. and C. but D. until
3. — Would you like to go to the concert with me
— I’d love to,_____ I can’t. I have a lot of homework to do.
A. or B. but C. so D. and
4. The doctors tried their best to save the patient’s life,_____ failed.
A. or B. so C. but D. because
5. _____ Lily _____ Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home.
A. Not only; but also B. Neither; nor
C. Both; and D. Either; or
None of the shoes in the shops are the right size. They are _____ too big _____ too small. D----C
A. both; and B. neither; nor C. either; or D. not only; but also
7. “Are you going to eat here ____ take it away ” asked the waiter.
A. and B. so C. or D. but
8. Mother was ill,_____ Father cooked for us instead.
A. but B. or C. so D. and
9. There is a lot of traffic in this city,_____ look both ways before crossing the street.
A. so B. and C. but D. for
答案：1-5 C C B C D 6-9 C C C A
2.复合句
复合句是由一个主句加一个或几个从句构成。从句只用作句子一个成分，不能独立。依据从句在句子中的作用，可分为名词性从句，形容词性从句（定语从句），副词性从句（状语从句）。
e.g.
You bought the book. I like it. 简单句
You bought the book yesterday and I like it. 并列句，并列两个简单句
I like the book that you bought yesterday. 定语从句
He treated his daughter better in the process, which made others unhappy. 定语从句
It is an important point that he is a doctor himself. 主语从句
She said that it was really easy. 宾语从句
The truth is that specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as five months old. 表语从句
There is little doubt that you will be able to judge truth and error [if you have confidence in yourself]. 同位语从句+ 状语从句
Please don’t put the knife where the kid can get it. 状语从句
小结：
1、复合句中，从句从属于主句，不能独立。
2、从句充当什么句子成分就是什么从句。
判断复合句步骤：
第一步：句子中有N＞1 个谓语动词。
第二步：句子不是并列句
第三步：判断从句是否充当句子成分（主，宾，同，表，定，状）。
练习：判断下列句子是简单句，并列句还是复合句。（5分钟）
I like popular music.
The girl laughed in her room.
The plane crashed and killed all 200 people aboard.
He was adopted when he was 13.
We offered him our congratulations.
I can’t stand staying at home all day long.
He didn’t like bananas or apples.
I will go and I hope you can go with me.
I have a book which my father bought for me.
Take the medicine three times a day.
A woman saw it happen when she was walking past.
People preserve fruit when it is in season so that they will be able to eat it all the year round.
You never know what you can do till you try.
Thunder is the noise that air makes when lightning jumps through it.
The WTO cannot live up to its name if it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.
Please tell the president of the university that I’m very grateful to the professors and students for arranging this visit and for the warm welcome I have received here and that when I go back to my country I will certainly tell my people all about my visit here.
答案：
简单句：1235610 并列句：7，8，16 and 连接两个宾语从句
复合句：4,9,11,12,13,14, 15,16
课堂检测
一、判断下列单词的词性（5分钟）
however, some, of, the, have, bent, should, million, seem, a, therefore, sufficient, consultant, readily, big, moreover, where, behave, limp, tramp, an, trillion, must, yes, over, billion, function, can, remain, here
vt. ____________________________________________________________
vi. ____________________________________________________________
lv. ____________________________________________________________
n. ____________________________________________________________
adj. ____________________________________________________________
adv. ____________________________________________________________
prep. ___________________________________________________________
pron. ___________________________________________________________
conj. ___________________________________________________________
art. ____________________________________________________________
num. ___________________________________________________________
mv. ____________________________________________________________
答案：
vt. have, behave, tramp,
vi. behave, limp, tramp, function
lv. seem, remain
n. million, consultant, limp, tramp, trillion, yes, over, billion, function, can
adj. some, bent, million, sufficient, big, limp, trillion, over, billion
adv. however, some, therefore, readily, big, moreover, where, yes, over, here
prep. of, over
pron. some, where
conj. however, where
art. the, a, an
num. million, trillion, billion
mv. should, must, can
二、判断划线部分的句子成分。（4分钟）
I slept very badly last night.
The students got on the school bus.
I shall answer your question after class.
Do you have anything else to say
He handed me the newspaper.
Would you please tell me your address
My father painted my bookcase pink.
He was seen to come in.
He found English important.
His job is a doctor.
What a beautiful Chinese painting!
There is going to be an American film tonight.
答案：
主谓状状 SV
主谓宾 SVO
主谓宾状SVO
谓（助动词部分）主谓（实意动词部分）宾定定SVO
主谓宾宾SVOO
谓（助动词部分）主谓（实意动词部分）宾定定SVO
主谓宾补SVOC
主谓补SVC
主谓宾补SVOC
主系表SVP
状主 感叹句
表谓主状 表示存在意义的句型
三、词形转换（9分钟）
(A)
During the summer days my mother built her fire in the shadow of our cabin. In the early morning ____1____ (we) simple breakfast was spread upon the grass. The morning meal was our quiet hour. At noon, several ____2____ (whom) chanced to be passing by stopped to rest, and to share our luncheon with us. I loved best the evening meal, for that was the time old stories were told.
I was always glad when the sun hung low in the west, for then my mother sent me to invite the neighboring old people to eat supper with us. "Yes, yes, ____3____ (glad) I shall come!" each replied. My mission done, I ran back, skipping and jumping with ____4____ (delightful) .
At the arrival of our guests I sat close to my mother, and did not leave her side. I ate my supper in quiet, listening ____5____ (patient) to the talk of the old people, wishing all the time that they would begin the stories. At last, when I could not wait any longer, I whispered in my mother's ear, "Ask them to tell an Iktomi story, mother."
Then my mother said aloud, "My little daughter is ____6____ (anxiety) to hear your stories." As each in turn began to tell a legend, I pillowed my head in my mother's lap; and lying flat upon my back, I watched the stars one by one. The increasing ____7____ (interested) of the tale aroused me, and I sat up eagerly listening for every word. The old women made funny remarks, and laughed so ____8____ (heart) that I could not help joining them.
答案：1.our 2.who 3.gladly 4.delight 5.patiently 6.anxious 7.interest 8.heartily
(B)
The 43rd U.S. president George W. Bush stepped back into the spotlight when a library and museum as ____1____ (dedicate) to him opened to the public on May 1. the George W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum is dedicated on the campus of Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas. The library and museum is ____2____ (plenty) with exhibits on the ____3____ (history) events. “About 3000,000 visitors are expected”, said the library and museum spokesman.
Presidential libraries are not libraries in the ____4____ (tradition) sense. People cannot go to the George W. Bush Presidential library to check out a book. They are facilities that preserve documents and items of a president and his act of governing. Whatever is preserved at a presidential library is available to the public to see and study because presidential libraries are public ____5____ (proper) belonging to the American people.
The Presidential library system began in 1939 when President Franklin Roosevelt ,during his second term in office, donated his personal and presidential papers to the ____6____ (govern) . Up until that point, presidential papers were destroyed, sold for profit, ruined by poor ____7____ (store) conditions, or were simply lost to the history.
Roosevelt believed that presidential documents were an important part of the nation’s ____8____ (heritable) . He also donated a potion of his estate in Hyde PARK, New York, where his library and museum would be built. This began a tradition that would carry on with every president that followed.
答案：1.dedications 2.plentiful 3.historical 4.traditional 5.property 6.government 7.storage 8.heritage
四、改错（9分钟）
此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。
对标有题号的每一行做出判断：
如无错误, 在该行右边横线上画一个勾（√）；
如有错误（每行只有一个错误）, 则按下列情况改正：
此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉, 在该行右边横线上写出该词, 并也用斜线划掉。
此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）, 在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。
此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线, 在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。
注意：原行没有错的不要改。
(A)
New research has found, background music can reduce your able to perform 1.
memory tasks. Study participates were asked to recall a list of eight letters in the 2.
order they were presented.They did this in five difference sound environments: 3.
quiet surroundings; music they liked; music they disliked; changed state;and 4.
steady state. The participants’ recall ability was the poorest when listening music 5.
regardless of they liked or disliked it, and in changing-state conditions. The most 6.
accuracy recall occurred when participants performed the task in steady-state 7.
environments, according to study published online in the journal Applied 8.
Cognitive Psychology. “When performing a challenging mental task, do in 9.
silent.”said leading researcher Nick Perham. 10.
答案： 1.able→ability 2.participates→participants 3.difference→different 4.√ 5.listening∧music 插入to 6.of∧they 插入whether 7.accuracy→accurate 8.to∧study 插入the 9. do∧in 插入it 10. silent→silence
(B)
A woman was waiting at airport one night. She hunted for a book, bought a bag 1.
of cookies and found a place to sit.She was absorbed her book but happened to 2.
see that the man sitting beside she grabbed a cookie or two from the bag in between 3.
them. She tried to ignore it. As the greedily cookie thief kept eating,she munched 4.
some cookies and watched the clock.She was getting angrier as time went, when 5.
only one was left, she wondered he would do.With a smile on his face, and 6.
nervous laugh, he took the last cookie and broke in half. He offered her a half, 7.
and ate the other. She grabbed it, mad over on his not showing any gratitude. 8.
Having boarded the plane,she sank in her seat, looking for their book.She found 9.
her bag of cookies instead. “If mine is here, he tried to share his! How rude I was!” 10.
答案： 1.at∧airport 插入an 2.absorbed∧her 插入in 3.she→her 4.greedily→greedy 5.went∧, 插入by 6.wondered∧he 插入what 7. broke∧in 插入it 8. on 9.their→her 10. √
五、改错：（5分钟）
I like reading my brother likes watching TV.
Mary was a nice girl, but she had one shortcoming.
Tom got up early, he failed to catch the train.
Because he has a bad cold so he is not at school today.
My sister is expecting me，I must be off now.
You must be careful, you cross a main road.
He went out to play football he had finished his homework.
I listen to the radio while I walk every evening.
They are such wonderful players no one can beat them.
The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test.
答案：1. 错，reading∧my 插入and/but/while； 2.对； 3. 错， early, ∧he 插入but/yet
4.错， 去掉because 或者so ; 5.me,∧I 插入so
6.错； careful, ∧you 插入when 7.错； football ∧he 插入after
8.√ 9. 错，players ∧no插入that ； 10.√
课后作业
判断下列单词的词性。
zone, a, theirs, scarcely, with, vivid, could, three, look, if tense, would, others, ninth, at, severe, the, extremely, million, while radiation, myself, absolutely, offend, oh, taste, expand, delay, an, might
名词 (n.): ______________________________________________________________________
代词 (pron.): ___________________________________________________________________
形容词 (adj.): __________________________________________________________________
副词 (adv.): ____________________________________________________________________
及物动词 (vt.): _________________________________________________________________
不及物动词 (vi.): _______________________________________________________________
系动词 (l. v.): __________________________________________________________________
情态动词 (m. v.): _______________________________________________________________
数词 (num.): ___________________________________________________________________
冠词 (art.): _____________________________________________________________________
介词 (prep.): ___________________________________________________________________
连词 (conj.): ___________________________________________________________________
感叹词 (interj.):_________________________________________________________________答案：
名词 (n.): zone, look, tense, while, radiation, taste, delay, might
代词 (pron.): theirs, others, myself
形容词 (adj.): vivid, tense, severe
副词 (adv.): scarcely, extremely, absolutely
及物动词 (vt.): tense, offend, taste, expand, delay,
不及物动词 (vi.): look, tense, offend, taste, expand, delay,
系动词 (l. v.): look, taste,
情态动词 (m. v.): could, would, might
数词 (num.): three, ninth, million
冠词 (art.): a, the, an,
介词 (prep.): with, at
连词 (conj.): if, while
感叹词 (interj.): oh
判断划线部分的句子成分。
The accident happened yesterday afternoon.
This kind of food tastes delicious.
They appointed him manager.
He showed me how to run the machine.
I do not know what to do next.
He admits that he was mistaken.
The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.
Contrary to our expectation, the funfair was organized ten years ago.
There are two girls and a boy running on the playground.
His parents have worked in the factory for more than ten years.
答案：
主语 谓语 状语
主语 系动词 表语
主语 谓语 宾语 补语
主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语
主语 谓语 宾语
主语 谓语 宾语
主语 状语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 定语
状语 主语 谓语 状语
表语 系动词 主语 定语
主语 谓语 状语 状语
词性转换。
(A)
I hated dinner parties. But I made a (1) __________ (decide) to give them another try because I’m in London. And my friend Mallery (2) __________ (invitation) me. And because the dinner parties in London are very (3) __________ (difference) from those in New York. In New York, “I’m having a dinner party” means “I’m booking a table for 12 at a restaurant you could (4) __________ (hard) afford and we’ll be sharing the check (5) __________ (even), whatever
you eat.” Worse, in Manhattan, there is always someone who leaves before the bill arrives. They’ll throw down cash, half of what they owe, and then people like me, who don’t drink, end up paying even more. But if I try to use the same trick, the (6) __________ (host) will shout: “Where are you going ” And it’s not like that I can’t say I have somewhere to go: everyone knows I have nowhere to go.
But in London, dinner parties are in people’s homes. Not only that, the guests are an (7) __________ (interest) mix. The last time I went to one, the guests were from France, India, Denmark and Nigeria; it was like a gathering at the United Nations. In New York, the mix is like a (8) __________ (gather) at Bloomingdale’s, a well-known department store. (9) __________ (person), I think dinner parties in London are more (10) __________ (impress) than this.
答案：
decision
invited
different
hardly
evenly
hostess
interesting
gathering
Personally
impressive
(B)
Several factors led to my (1) __________ (recently) car accident. First of all, a (2) __________ (heavily) snow and freezing rain that had fallen the day before made the road I was driving on dangerous. The road had been cleared, but it was still (3) __________ (dangerous) icy. Despite the slippery road, I was (4) __________ (stupid) going along at about 50 miles an hour, instead of driving more (5) __________ (cautious). Another factor was a (6) __________ (dirt) green van that (7) __________ (sudden) pulled onto the road from a small crossroad of the street about fifty yards ahead of me. The road was covered with a sheet of ice at that point and if I applied my brakes, I would steer into the van. So I (8) __________ (care) drove my car into the next lane, and though the rear (后部) of my car began skidding back and forth, for a moment I got the idea that everything was OK as I drove past the slow-moving van.
__________ (fortune), the rear of my Volkswagen was heavy because the engine was there and also because there was a new weight-lifting set laid in the back seat, the result of which was that after I passed the van, my car turned (10) __________ (complete) around on the slippery road. I was desperately sliding down the highway backwards at 50 miles an hour. Then I slid off the road, hitting wooden fence post. My left rear taillight was broken in the process. Then
I suddenly saw a telephone pole about only 6 feet to the right of me, and I realized my accident could have really been a disaster.
答案：
recent
heavy
dangerously
stupidly
cautiously
dirty
suddenly
carefully
Unfortunately
pletely
改错。
此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。
对标有题号的每一行做出判断：
如无错误, 在该行右边横线上画一个勾（√）；
如有错误（每行只有一个错误）, 则按下列情况改正：
此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉, 在该行右边横线上写出该词, 并也用斜线划掉。
此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）, 在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。
此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线, 在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。
注意：原行没有错的不要改。
(A)
The winter holiday is coming, which made me exciting. I have been looking 1.
forward to relax myself. I would like to go skating, climb mountains and see 2.
several movies. I think I can play the basketball with my classmates. What a 3.
wonderful times I will have during the winter holiday! However, my parents 4.
think different. They do not want me to go out for they are afraid that I will be 5.
knock down by a truck, fall off a tree, or fight with others. Besides, they are 6.
also afraid that I will lose I way. I hate being treated like a bird kept in cage. 7.
To get more freedom, I will try to persuade it. I will tell my parents that I am 8.
already old enough to be independently. From my past experience, convincing 9.
them is absolutely not a big deal me. 10.
答案： 1. exciting→excited 2. relax→relaxing 3. the 4. times→time 5. different→differently 6. knock→knocked 7. I→my 8. it→them 9. independently→independent 10. ∧ me 插入 for
(B)
Trying to come to a decision completely on you own can be risky. Some 1.
decisions are so important that they shouldn’t made without talking to others 2.
first. There are several advantage if you consult the persons you trust. For one 3.
thing, they can give you valuable advices and they may point out some things 4.
you may have been overlooked. For another, friends may stop you from making 5.
big mistakes. When consulting others about importance decisions, you should 6.
keep two things in mind. First one is that you need to find someone who you 7.
respect enough to trusted they judgement. The second thing to consider is what 8.
to do if you disagree this person. Maybe turning to a third or fourth person 9.
help is the best option. 10.
答案： 1. you→your 2. ∧ made 插入 be 3. advantage→advantages 4. advices→advice 5. been 6. importance→important 7. ∧ First插入The 8. trusted→trust 9. ∧ this 插入with 10. ∧help 插入for
五．判断下列句子对错
Peter plays football, and he is good at it.
It rained heavily, so I still went to school.
You can stay at home you go fishing with us.
Work hard, and you’ll fall behind others.
Though it was colder and colder but he kept on working outside.
I had to walk home because there was no bus.
There was no bus I had to walk home.
As we were at school, we went to the library every day.
He has never been to see me I was ill.
It was a long time I got to sleep .
答案：1.对 2.错 3.错4 错 5.错 6. 对 7. 错8. 对9. 错10. 错

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