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(共18张PPT)
B3 U6 Using language---Grammar
Learning objectives
1. Enable the students to know what part can be deleted and when it can be.
2. Enable the students to grasp deleted part in different sentences.
3.Do some exercises to consolidate.
Step 1: Revision---translation
1 .react to/ with 2. in the face of______________
3. pick up 4. compare …with/ to_________________
5. look through/ into/ over 6. now that________
7. make an announcement 8. reflect off _________
9. as well as 10. sure enough____________
11. on the whole 12. step out of___________________
13. after all 14. make it_______________
15. sth. occur to sb. 16. most importantly_______
17. on the third floor 18. rely on _________________________
19. have yet to 20.shelter…from______________
Step2 : Ⅰ.基本特征感悟
【感悟用法】
①(You)Come in，please!
②John is a lawyer，and his wife (is) a cleaner.
③You’d better look out when (you are) crossing the street.
④He is the man (who/whom/that) you can depend on.
⑤The boy wanted to play football in the street，but his mother did not allow him to (play football in the street)．
⑥It shows (that) a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.
【自我总结】
1．例句1为_______句中的省略。
2．例句2为_________句中的省略。
3．例句3为__________从句的省略。当状语从句的主语和主句的主语指的是同一人或物，且由人称代词的主格担当，或当状语从句的主语为it，而且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可以把从句的主语和be动词一起省略。
4．例句4为__________代词的省略。当关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。
5．例句5为____________的省略。有时可用不定式符号“to”来替代上文中出现的不定式。
6．例句6为___________从句中连接词that的省略。
what和how引导____________句时，常可省略主语it和be动词。如：
What a wonderful victory (it is) for Tom!
How beautiful (it is) to be treated like a child!
简单
并列
状语
关系
不定式
宾语
感叹句
一、简单句中的省略
1．省略主语：一般情况下，主语是不能省略的，但在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧义的情况下，特别是在口语中，主语常常省略。
(I) Beg your pardon.请再说一遍。
(It) Doesn’t matter.没关系。
2．省略宾语：当上、下或前后两个句子的宾语一致时，下句或后句常省略宾语。
—Do you know Miss Gao？——你认识高女士吗？
—I don’t know (her)．——不认识。
3．省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)：在某些具体的场合下，主语和谓语都很明确，可将主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)同时省略，只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。
(You come) This way，please.请这边走。(省略了主语和谓语)
(Have you) Got any ink 你有墨水吗？(省略了主语和谓语的一部分)
二、并列句中的省略
在由and或but连接的并列句中，常省略一些重复的词或词组。
1．省略共同的__________或宾语。
Tom picked up a book on the floor and (Tom) handed it to his teacher.
2．若主语不同，而________部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同，则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。
Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.
3．若______与______________相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。
His advice made me happy，but (his advice made) Jim angry.他的建议使我高兴，却使吉姆生气。
4．若主语不同，但________________________________，则省略主要动词及后续部分。
He has a knowledge of first aid but his friend doesn’t (have a knowledge of first aid)．
主语
谓语
主语
谓语
主要动词及后续部分
三、复合句中的省略
1．状语从句的省略
(1)在when，while，if，as if，though，although，as，until，once，whether，unless，whenever等连接的状语从句中，当_______主语跟______的主语相同且从句谓语中含有__________或从句的主语为_________时，则从句中主语和be动词常被省略。
Wood gives off much smoke while (it is) burning.木头燃烧时产生很多烟。
When (it is) heated，ice can be turned into water.加热的时候冰可以变成水。
(2)在than，as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。
They don’t use more water than (it is) necessary.他们使用的水没有超出需要量。
He runs as fast as Bob (runs)．他和鲍勃跑得一样快。
从句
主句
系动词be
it
即学即练1
补全下列省略句
①Have a seat，please! →______ have a seat，please!
②Looks like rain . →________ looks like rain.
③Let’s do the dishes. I’ll wash and you dry.
→Let’s do the dishes. I’ll wash and you dry ______________．
④Got any idea about the plan
→___________ got any idea about the plan
You
It
them/the dishes．
Have you
提醒: 省略句中的谓语动词和主语之间构成主动关系，则使用现在分词；若构成被动关系，则使用过去分词；若谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则使用不定式。
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①When ______________ (surf) the Internet，I downloaded the film.
②Video games can be a poor influence if _____________ (leave) in the wrong hands.
③He shook his head as if __________________ (say) “no”．
(2)把下列句子改为省略句
①If it is so，I hope you will have a wonderful time.
→If___________，I hope you will have a wonderful time.
②The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild as they are in Guangzhou.
→The winters in Hangzhou are not _____________________________________
surfing
left
to say
so
so mild as in Guangzhou.
2．定语从句的省略
(1)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词_______，___________，___________可省略
The exact year (which/that) Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
(2)修饰way的关系词_______________________可以省略。
The way (that/in which) he speaks to us is really annoying.
3．宾语从句的省略
(1)及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句，那么只有__________________that可以省略。
I truly believe (that) beauty comes from within.我真的相信美丽源自内心。
He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.
(2)when，where，how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留__________________。
I know that a movie star will come to our city but I don’t know when (he will come to our city)．
whom，which，that
that/in which
第一个
引导词
四、其他的省略情况
1．动词不定式的省略
(1)当不定式在形容词afraid，anxious，eager，glad，happy，ready，willing等后作状语时，to后的内容常省略。
You can’t force him to answer the question if he’s not ready to (answer the question)．
(2)某些使役动词，如：make，let，have等和感官动词，如：see，watch，notice，observe，hear等后面作宾补的不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于___________，则to__________________。
We often hear her sing an English song in the classroom.
She is often heard to sing an English song in the classroom.(被动语态)
(3)并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式to。若两个不定式之间表示______关系时，不能省略to。
He likes to swim more than (to) skate.比起溜冰他更喜欢游泳。
He believes it important to study rather than to make friends.(比较)
他认为最重要的是学习而不是交朋友。
被动语态
不省略
对比
(4)当不定式在某些动词后作宾语时，常可省略。常见的动词有agree，afford，expect，forget，hope，know，manage，pretend，remember，refuse，want，wish，would like等。
I would do it for you，but I don’t know how to (do it for you)．
(5)介词but，except (除了) 前有实义动词do的某种形式时，后面的不定式不带to。
All he could do was nothing but wait and see.他所能做的只有等着瞧。
(6)当不定式在be going to，be able to，have to，ought to，used to后作谓语时，不定式可省略。
They didn’t visit their parents as much as they ought to (visit their parents)．
提醒
①省略的不定式若含有作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时，to后要保留原形的have或be。
②类似这样用法的还有动词短语ought to，be going to，be about to，be supposed to，have to，used to及形容词glad，happy，pleased，delighted等。
He didn’t come，but he ought to have(come)．他没来，但他应该来。
—Are you a farmer —No，but I used to be (a farmer)．
即学即练
(1)My mother wouldn’t let me to go to see the film.
(2)We can do nothing but to give up.
(3)He was noticed to leave the office.
(4)The city now is much noisier than it used to be.
①以上句子中，加黑部分应省略的是： _______________
②不能省略的是： __________________
(1)(2)
(3)(4)
2．使用so，not等时的省略
在英语中，可以用so，not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。
—Can you finish your work today？——你今天能完成工作吗？
—I think _______.——我认为能。
—I don’t think so./I think ____________.——我认为不能。
so
not
3．介词的省略
(1)一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常可省略，而保留介词后的动名词。常见的结构有：
①have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth
②be busy (in) doing sth
③spend some time (in) doing sth
④stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth
The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time.大雨使得他没能按时到达那里。
(2)表示时间的介词at，on和in在next，last，this，these，yesterday，tomorrow，one，any，every，each，some等词之前时，一般省略。
We go to school (on) every day except Sundays.除星期天外，我们每天都上学。
Summary
Homework
Review ellipsis.
Preview Developing ideas.
Finish the paper.

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