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龙岩市一级校联盟(九校)联考2022~2023学年第一学期半期考
高二英语试题
(考试时间：120分钟 总分：150分)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题、从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. When will Jenny begin to get more pocket money
A. Next week. B. Next month. C. In four months.
2. Where does the woman want to go
A The clothing store. B. The computer store. C. The cell phone store.
3. Which street is the Chinese restaurant on
A Smith Street. B. Bank Street. C. Field Street.
4. Why is the woman reading the same book again
A. She likes it too much. B. She doesn’t finish the end. C. She forgot some parts of it.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. An outdoor activity. B. A kind of drink. C. A sleeping problem.
第二节 (共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题。每小题5秒钟;听完后。各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Where does the conversation take place
A. At home. B. At a stadium. C. At a restaurant.
7. When will the speakers leave
A. In five minutes. B. In half an hour. C. In an hour.
听第7段材料、回答第8至10题。
8. What is the weather like now
A. Rainy. B. Windy. C. Sunny.
9. How does the mar. feel now
A. Tired. B. Relaxed. C. Confused.
10. What does the woman suggest doing at night
A. Going for a walk. B. Watching a movie. C. Shopping at the market.
听第8段材料、回答第11至13题。
11. Where was the man when the accident happened
A. At a traffic light. B. Outside a bank. B. Outside a bank. C. In a watch store.
12. What time is it now
A.2:00. B.2:20. C.2:40.
13. What does the man say about the car driver
A. He drove slowly. B. He ran a red light. C. He didn’t see the truck driver.
听第9段材料、回答第14至17题。
14. What does the woman want the man to do tomorrow
A. Visit John. B. Stay later than normal. C. Take on a new responsibility.
15. What will the man do first
A. Print his report. B. Study the material. C. Give a presentation.
16. What is the purpose of the meeting
A. To sell a product. B. To search for new customers. C. To show the ideas to a sales group.
17. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Father and daughter. B. Salesman and customer. C. Manager and employee.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. When will the sale begin
A. On Friday. B. On Saturday. C. On Sunday.
19. Which item will cost $575
A. The refrigerator. B. The dishwasher. C. The washing machine.
20. What does the speaker advise people to do in the end
A. Buy a small gilt. B. Try the nice coffee. C. Get a membership card.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分、满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文、从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Top Public Sculpture Parks to Visit in America
Kasmin Sculpture Garden (New York City)
This quiet sculpture garden in Manhattan’s Chelsea neighhorhood is far from the crowds. Owned and operated by Kasmin Gallery, this exhibition space can be viewed from the nearby High Line. It is designed by Future Green, a Brooklyn landscape architect studio, and it stands beside a famous building designed by Zaha Hadid. There’s a current exhibition featuring bronze sculptures by Alma Allen, which shows the artist’s regard for Utah.
Tippet Rise Art Center (Fishtail)
This sculpture garden is worth the trip to the Beartooth Mountains in Fishtail. It is a 12,500-acre ranch (牧场)。 which is peppered with public art, including sculptures by Mark di Suvero, among others. This summer, the ranch will be open to those who are hiking or traveling by bike.
Storm King Art Center (New Windsor)
By far the most popular sculpture park in upstate New York, it is a 500-acre sculpture park in Hudson Valley. Since opening in 1960， it has grown to include dozens of sculptures that change over time. In its collection, the park owns sculptures by famous artists including Carl Andre, Louise Bourgeois and Daniel Buren.
Olympic Sculpture Park (Seattle)
This outdoor park was created by the nearby Seattle Art Museum and features a large red sculpture by Alexander Calder called Eagle, as well as Wake by Richard Serra. Since 2007 this waterfront park has brought creativity to Elliott Bay. The landscape design fits in with the local roads and skylines, facing the harbor in what’s recognized as Seattle’s largest downtown space.
1. What can be learn about the garden in Manhattan’s Chelsea neighbor
A. It is designed by Zara Hadid. B. It is run by Kasmin Gallery.
C. It has become a part of the High Line. D. It stands for Alma Allen’s respect for Utah
2. Which of the following park is located in Hudson Valley
A. Kasmin Sculpture Garden. B. Tippet Rise Art Center.
C. Storm King Art Center. D. Olympic Sculpture Park.
3. Where is this text probably taken from
A. A tourist brochure. B. An advertisement. C. A novel. D. A travel journal.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了美国最值得参观的公共雕塑公园。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Kasmin Sculpture Garden (New York City)部分中的“Owned and operated by Kasmin Gallery, this exhibition space can be viewed from the nearby High Line. (这个展览空间由Kasmin画廊拥有和运营，可以从附近的高线观看。)”可知，该花园是由Kasmin画廊拥有和运营。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Storm King Art Center (New Windsor)部分中“By far the most popular sculpture park in upstate New York, it is a 500-acre sculpture park in Hudson Valley. (它是纽约北部最受欢迎的雕塑公园，位于哈德逊谷，占地500英亩。)”可知，Storm King Art Center位于哈德逊谷。故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章的标题“Top Public Sculpture Parks to Visit in America(美国最值得参观的公共雕塑公园)”可知文章介绍的是美国最值得参观的公共雕塑公园。故可以推断文章出自于一本旅游手册。故选A。
B
George Shull was born in 1874 on a farm in Clark County, Obio, and his knowledge of plants and hybrids came at an early age. Being needed on the farm, Shull received his early formal education off and on. However, it was supplemented (增补) by intense home study so that by 1892. he was teaching in a public school, and later attending Antioch College.
In 1901, he graduated from Antioch and went to the University of Chicago to do graduate work. With his knowledge of botany and experience with farming practices, Shull passed a Civil Service exam, and was appointed as a botanical assistant at the U. S. National Herbarium. He also worked at the U. S. Bureau of Plant Industry as a botanical expert examining the plants and animals of Chesapeake Bay and Currituck Sound. The data he collected during this time was to comprise his Ph. D. thesis (论文). And in 1904 he was appointed to be in charge of plant work at the Station for Experimental Evolution.
He began working on corn in 1905. Following Gregor Mendel’s example, Shull obtained purebred (纯种的) lines of corn through self-pollination (自花受粉). The pure-bred lines were less healthy and productive, but when he crossed the pure-bred lines, the hybrid yields were better than any of the parents or those pollinated in the open fields. He immediately recognized the potential for using this strategy to improve crop yields.
In 1915, Shull accepted a professorship at Princeton University. With his encouragement, Princeton University Press began the publication of a new journal, Genetics. Shull was the managing editor for ten years. Genetics is still one of the top international science journals.
Shull retired in 1942. He and his wife spent most of their later years with their children and grandchildren.
4. What does the underlined part “off and on” in paragraph 1 mean
A. Not surprisingly. B. Very formally. C. Very excellently. D. Not regularly.
5. What’s paragraph 2 mainly about
A. George Shull’s contributions. B. George Shull’s research
C. George Shull’s work experience. D. George Shull’s education.
6. What was so special about Shull’s method of corn breeding
A. It completely relied on self-pollination. B. It was first published in Genetics.
C. It was widely accepted in Ohio. D. It focused on crossing pure-bred lines.
7. How does the author mainly develop the text
A By giving examples. B. By following time order.
C. By making comparisons. D. By presenting a scientific study.
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了著名植物学家George Shull的学习和工作经历以及重要成就。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段第二句中的“Being needed on the farm”(被农场需要)可知，George Shull小时候需要做农活，所以无法正常接受正规教育。所以off and on意为“断断续续地，时不时地”。故选D。
【5题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段第二句“With his knowledge of botany and experience with farming practices, Shull passed a Civil Service exam, and was appointed as a botanical assistant at the U. S. National Herbarium.”(凭借他的植物学知识和农业实践经验，Shull通过了公务员考试，并被任命为美国国家植物标本馆的植物学助理。)和最后一句“And in 1904 he was appointed to be in charge of plant work at the Station for Experimental Evolution.”(1904年，他被任命负责实验进化站的植物工作。)可知，第二段主要是讲George Shull的工作经历。故选C。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第三句和第四句“The pure-bred lines were less healthy and productive, but when he crossed the pure-bred lines, the hybrid yields were better than any of the parents or those pollinated in the open fields. He immediately recognized the potential for using this strategy to improve crop yields.”(纯种品种的健康和产量都较差，但当他杂交纯种品种时，杂交品种的产量比任何亲本或在开阔田野授粉的亲本都好。他立即意识到利用这种策略提高作物产量的潜力。)可知，Shull的玉米育种方法的特殊之处在于专注杂交纯种品种。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“George Shull was born in 1874 on a farm in Clark County, Obio, and his knowledge of plants and hybrids came at an early age.”(George Shull在1874年出生于奥比奥州克拉克县的一个农场，他早年就对植物和杂交作物有了了解。)，第二段第一句“In 1901, he graduated from Antioch and went to the University of Chicago to do graduate work.”(1901年，他从安提阿大学毕业，到芝加哥大学攻读研究生学位。)，第三段第一句“He began working on corn in 1905.”(1905年，他开始研究玉米。)，第四段第一句“In 1915, Shull accepted a professorship at Princeton University.”(1915年，Shull接受了普林斯顿大学的教授职位。)和最后一段“Shull retired in 1942. He and his wife spent most of their later years with their children and grandchildren.”(Shull于1942年退休。他和妻子晚年的大部分时间都是和儿孙们在一起度过的。)可知，这篇文章是按照时间顺序组织的。故选B。
C
Modern research on body language — often called nonverbal behavior — began in the 1960s and 1970s with studies that aimed to demonstrate the universality (普遍性) of facial expressions of emotion. That work was inspired in part by Charles Darwin’s study The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872). But it had received little attention for around a century, according to nonverbal communication expert David Matsumoto.
Then modern researchers examined how the brain reacts to facial expressions and how babies copy facial and hand gestures. And scientists have also realized the complexity (复杂性) of body language.
Much research has suggested that body language is often hard to interpret or understand. But for years some advisers and experts have been using their knowledge in many practical areas.
“I help people influence and persuade others around, how trustworthy and credible their message is by helping them with their specific nonverbal communication.” said Mark Bowden. He is the author of “Winning Body Language”. a guide for readers including business people and famous people. He focuses on where a person faces their body and how much space they take up, as well as those gestures.
Some experts also say they can use those signals to interpret hidden emotions. Joe Navarro is the author of What Every Body Is Saying. It is a book about reading a person’s mind from their nonverbal behavior. “It’s easy to spar a speaker’s lip movements when he faces a question he doesn’t like.” Joe said.
While the work of these experts attracts large audiences many scientists are unsure whether their methods are reliable. “Our facial expressions show certain types of emotional states.” David Matsumoto said. So do some body movements. “But people do all kinds of things with their bodies.” he said. Your raised eyebrow (眉毛) could express doubt — but in might also signal discomfort or surprise. “The same hand gesture could mean different things in different cultures,” he said.
8. What role did Charles Darwin’s study play according to paragraph 1
A. It unlocked the secret of the human mind.
B. It promoted the development of human language.
C. It helped start modern research on body language.
D. It encouraged people to care more about animals.
9. What can we infer about Mark Bowden
A. He gives advice on business language. B. He focuses mainly on facial expressions.
C. He pays more attention to spoken language. D. He teaches people about body language.
10. What did David Matsumoto think of Joe Navarro’s methods
A. They were instructional. B. They were doubtful
C. They were experimental. D. They were necessary.
11. What can be the best title for the text
A. Can body language tell important truths B. Is nonverbal behavior that complex
C. Should you know more about body language D. Do experts know how to interpret emotions
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. B 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于肢体语言的现代研究——通常被称为非语言行为，它始于20世纪60年代和70年代，旨在证明面部表情表达情感的普遍性，但是同样的肢体语言又可能会表达不同的意思。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Modern research on body language — often called nonverbal behavior — began in the 1960s and 1970s with studies that aimed to demonstrate the universality (普遍性) of facial expressions of emotion. That work was inspired in part by Charles Darwin’s study The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872). (关于肢体语言的现代研究——通常被称为非语言行为——始于20世纪60年代和70年代，旨在证明面部表情表达情感的普遍性。这项工作的部分灵感来自查尔斯·达尔文的研究《人类和动物的情感表达》(1872))”可知，查尔斯·达尔文的研究帮助开启了对肢体语言的现代研究。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段““I help people influence and persuade others around, how trustworthy and credible their message is by helping them with their specific nonverbal communication.” said Mark Bowden. He is the author of “Winning Body Language”. a guide for readers including business people and famous people. He focuses on where a person faces their body and how much space they take up, as well as those gestures.(“我通过帮助人们进行特定的非语言沟通，帮助他们影响和说服周围的人，让他们的信息多么值得信赖和可信。”Mark Bowden说。他是《成功的肢体语言》一书的作者。为商界人士、名人等读者提供指南。他关注的是一个人面对身体的位置，他们的身体占据了多少空间，以及那些手势)”可推知，Mark Bowden教授人们如何使用肢体语言。故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“While the work of these experts attracts large audiences many scientists are unsure whether their methods are reliable. “Our facial expressions show certain types of emotional states.” David Matsumoto said. So do some body movements. (虽然这些专家的工作吸引了大量观众，但许多科学家不确定他们的方法是否可靠。“我们的面部表情显示了某些类型的情绪状态。”David Matsumoto说。所以做一些身体动作)”可推知，David Matsumoto认为Joe Navarro的方法令人怀疑。故选B。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Modern research on body language — often called nonverbal behavior — began in the 1960s and 1970s with studies that aimed to demonstrate the universality (普遍性) of facial expressions of emotion. (关于肢体语言的现代研究——通常被称为非语言行为——始于20世纪60年代和70年代，旨在证明面部表情表达情感的普遍性)”及最后一段中的““But people do all kinds of things with their bodies.” he said. Your raised eyebrow (眉毛) could express doubt — but in might also signal discomfort or surprise. “The same hand gesture could mean different things in different cultures,” he said.(“但人们可以用身体做各种各样的事情。”他说。扬起眉毛可能表示怀疑，但也可能表示不舒服或惊讶。“同样的手势在不同的文化中可能有不同的含义，”他说)”可知，文章介绍了肢体语言的现代研究，面部表情表达情感存在普遍性，但是同样的肢体语言又可能会表达不同的意思。由此可知，Can body language tell important truths (肢体语言能揭示重要的真相吗？)适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。
D
When driving, Clara-Marina Martinez makes a note of any unusual behaviour she sees on the road. She then feeds these into machine learning algorithms (算法), a form of AI, which she is helping develop for Porsche Engineering.
Those algorithms are intended to produce a system reliable enough for a car to drive itself. Such a fully autonomous car known in the industry as Level 5, should be able to complete an entire journey without any intervention from the driver, and deal with all situations on the road. But this is proving hard to achieve, and many attempts to do so are being abandoned. Last year, for instance, Uber sold off its unit developing self-driving cars.
Autonomous vehicles are said to be not just convenient but potentially safer. However, just as people take time to learn how to drive safely, so do machines. And machines are not quick learners. The RAND Corporation calculates that to develop a system 20% safer than a human driver, 100 self-driving cars would have to operate 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.
Carmakers such as Porsche therefore speed up the development process using simulators (模拟器). These teach software about dangers rarely encountered in reality. Dr Martinez and her colleagues employ “game engines” to do this. These are used to create virtual worlds through which the software can drive. Objects in these virtual worlds are assigned their physical characteristics (ie, buildings are hard. people are soft) so that the sensors in vehicles respond in the appropriate way. Once the software has been trained, it is tested in real autonomous vehicles by re-creating those situations on a test track.
How quickly all this will translate into reality remains to be seen. Both regulators and customers will need to overcome the doubt that a software drive really can be safer than a human being.
From Porsche’s point of view, though, there is another question. Given that much of the reason for owning a sports car is for owners to show off their driving skills, just how big a market will there be for a version where software takes those bragging rights (炫耀的权利) away
12. What does Clara-Marina Martinez intend to do
A. Market Porsche cars. B. Learn to be a responsible driver.
C. Enjoy riding in a self-driving car. D. Improve the AI technology.
13. What is the problem with self-driving cars
A. They learn as slowly as human beings. B. They have to be monitored by human drivers.
C. They need a long time to reach a certain safety level. D. They can operate for a very short period of time.
14. What are Dr Martinez and her colleagues doing
A. Enabling software to identify road dangers. B. Fixing sensors in autonomous vehicles.
C. Re-creating road situations on a test track. D. Separating the real world from the virtual world.
15. What worries Porsche according to the last paragraph
A. The reliability of car software. B. The future of its sports car market.
C. The quality of self-driving cars. D. The driving skills of human beings.
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述开发自动驾驶汽车的问题以及对跑车市场的影响。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“When driving, Clara-Marina Martinez makes a note of any unusual behaviour she sees on the road. She then feeds these into machine learning algorithms (算法), a form of AI, which she is helping develop for Porsche Engineering. (开车时，Clara-Marina Martinez会记下她在路上看到的任何异常行为。然后，她将这些输入到机器学习算法中，这是一种人工智能，她正在帮助保时捷工程集团开发这种算法。)”及第二段“Those algorithms are intended to produce a system reliable enough for a car to drive itself. (这些算法旨在产生一个足够可靠的系统，让汽车自动驾驶。)”可知，Clara-Marina Martinez将开车时的异常输入到人工智能算法中，弥补人工智能算法的不足，使其更可靠。故推知Clara-Marina Martinez打算改进人工智能技术。故选D。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Autonomous vehicles are said to be not just convenient but potentially safer. However, just as people take time to learn how to drive safely, so do machines. And machines are not quick learners. The RAND Corporation calculates that to develop a system 20% safer than a human driver, 100 self-driving cars would have to operate 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. (据说自动驾驶汽车不仅方便，而且可能更安全。然而，正如人们花时间学习如何安全驾驶一样，机器也是如此。机器不是快速学习者。兰德公司计算出，要开发一个比人类驾驶员安全20%的系统，100辆自动驾驶汽车必须一年365天，每天24小时运行。)”可知，自动驾驶汽车需要长时间学习如何安全驾驶，故推知自动驾驶汽车需要很长时间才能达到一定的安全水平。所以自动驾驶汽车的问题是：需要很长时间才能达到一定的安全水平。故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Carmakers such as Porsche therefore speed up the development process using simulators (模拟器). These teach software about dangers rarely encountered in reality. Dr Martinez and her colleagues employ “game engines” to do this. These are used to create virtual worlds through which the software can drive. (因此，保时捷等汽车制造商使用模拟器加快了开发过程。这些教会软件有关现实中很少遇到的危险。Martinez博士和她的同事使用“游戏引擎”来做到这一点。这些用于创建软件可以驱动的虚拟世界。)”可知，Martinez博士和她的同事用“游戏引擎”教会软件有关现实中很少遇到的危险，目的是使软件能够识别道路危险，故选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“From Porsche’s point of view, though, there is another question. Given that much of the reason for owning a sports car is for owners to show off their driving skills, just how big a market will there be for a version where software takes those bragging rights (炫耀的权利) away (不过，从保时捷的角度来看，还有另一个问题。鉴于拥有跑车的大部分原因是为了让车主炫耀他们的驾驶技能，对于软件剥夺了那些炫耀的权利这一版本，市场会有多大？)”可知，买跑车的原因是为了炫技，但软件剥夺了车主炫技的权利，故推知保时捷公司担心跑车市场的未来，故选B。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分、满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文、从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We carry a laptop in our shoulder bags everywhere. We no longer need a desk or an Internet cable (网线). Our freedom has made us more productive. ____16____ We rely on our laptops to be there for us wherever we need them, but can they rely on us to care for them Here are five tasks you should perform on your laptop each month.
Clean your hard drive. Over the course of a month, how many files do you download and only need to review once ____17____ Go through your tiles and delete the files you no longer need. For those you do need. move them to the folder (文件夹) they belong to.
Defragment (碎片整理) your hard drive. After you’ve cleaned your hard drive, run your defragment program. Defragging rearranges all the small bits of data left in the drive when they’ve been moved, edited, and deleted. ____18____ The more organized your drive is, the better it can process data.
____19____ Now that you’ve cleaned the inside, it’s time to clean the outside as well. Use canned air to blow out the fans and keyboards. Wipe down the screen with microfiber.
Back up your data. If you don’t already have an automatic backup solution, this monthly cleaning is a good time to manually back up the data on your laptop.
Update your software. While we highly recommend updating software as the updates become available, there are plenty of reasons you can’t do the updating at that moment. Use the monthly check-in to check for updates. ____20____
Taking 20 minutes once a month to perform these five tasks will help ensure your laptop runs more smoothly and lasts longer.
A. Clean the machine.
B. Use a safe screen cleaner.
C. For most people, it’s a large amount.
D. These updates are mostly for your benefit and security.
E. If you want to delete programs be sure to remove them properly.
F. However, too often we ignore the maintenance of these machines.
G. It puts them in order and helps the drive space function smoothly.
【答案】16. F 17. C 18. G 19. A 20. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。笔记本电脑为我们的工作和生活提供了很多便利，但是很多人经常会忽视对其的保养维护。文章对如何保养维护笔记本电脑提出了五点建议。
【16题详解】
根据后文“We rely on our laptops to be there for us wherever we need them, but can they rely on us to care for them ”(我们依赖笔记本电脑在任何需要的地方为我们服务，但它们能指望我们照顾它们吗？)可知，此处是指要注意对笔记本电脑的保养维护，所以选项F“然而，我们经常忽视这些机器的维护。”切合文意。故选F。
【17题详解】
根据前文“Over the course of a month, how many files do you download and only need to review once ”(在一个月的时间里，你下载了多少文件，并且只需要查看一次？)可知，此处是指一个月的时间里下载的文件数量巨大，所以选项C“对大多数人来说，这是一个很大的数字。”切合文意。故选C。
【18题详解】
根据前文“Defragging rearranges all the small bits of data left in the drive when they’ve been moved, edited, and deleted.”(碎片整理将重新排列驱动器中被移动、编辑和删除的所有小数据位。)可知，选项G中的it是指碎片整理，根据后文“The more organized your drive is, the better it can process data.”(你的硬盘越有条理，它处理数据的能力就越好。)可知，此处是指碎片整理能让硬盘有条理，运行顺畅，所以选项G“它将它们按顺序排列，并帮助驱动空间平稳运行。”切合文意。故选G。
【19题详解】
根据后文“Now that you’ve cleaned the inside, it’s time to clean the outside as well.”(现在你已经清洁了内部，是时候清洁外部了。)可知，此处是指清洁机器，所以选项A“清洁机器。”切合文意。故选A。
【20题详解】
根据前文“Use the monthly check-in to check for updates.”(使用每月签入检查更新。)可知，此处是指每月进行软件更新是有好处的，所以选项D“这些更新主要是为了您的利益和安全。”切合文意。故选D。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分、满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When Pearl Moss looked out her front window in Bethel Park, Pennsylvania, she was ____21____. A major snowstorm over the weekend had dropped ____22____ a foot of snow in her driveway, and there was more ____23____. She was recovering from shoulder ____24____ and didn’t have family members nearby who could help her clean the driveway. A few hours later, there was a ____25____ on her door. Moss looked out and was ____26____ to see two teenage boys with shovels (铁铲). David Shelpman and Aidan Campbell ____27____ in the same neighborhood as Moss and are on the football team at Bethel Park High School. Head Coach Brian DeLallo had emailed his team members Sunday to ____28____ them that their Monday’s workout in the school gym wasn’t going to ____29____. DeLallo also instructed them to _____30_____ an elderly or disabled neighbor and shovel their driveway. Shelpman and about 40 other team members took their _____31_____ seriously.
Helping elderly and disabled residents to dig out after snowstorms is a Bethel Park _____32_____ that goes back two decades. In Bethel Park, community _____33_____ of the football team is strong. “Our games are always well _____34_____, so giving back is the right response,” DeLallo said.
Pearl Moss said she’s grateful for the teens, adding that if they hadn’t _____35_____, she probably would have been stuck in her house for a while.
21. A. moved B. distant C. worried D. annoyed
22. A. only B. partly C. hardly D. nearly
23. A. on the way B. by the way C. in the distance D. at a time
24. A. movement B. operation C. stretch D. warning
25. A. note B. hole C. knock D. lock
26. A. upset B. surprised C. nervous D. determined
27. A. wait B. gather C. live D. work
28. A. inform B. persuade C. convince D. advise
29. A. fail B. approve C. change D. happen
30. A. remind B. invite C. introduce D. find
31 A. experiment B. competition C. assignment D. education
32. A. tradition B. hobby C. style D. trend
33. A. development B. ownership C. understanding D. support
34. A. attended B. designed C. known D. prepared
35. A. set off B. shown up C. settled down D. passed by
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. B 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. D 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Pearl Moss因做了肩部手术，周围没有亲人，无法给车道铲雪。好心的贝塞尔帕克高中足球队成员帮助社区的老人和残疾人铲雪。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当Pearl Moss从位于宾夕法尼亚州，贝塞尔帕克的前窗向外望去，她很担心。A. moved感动的；B. distant遥远的，冷淡的，恍惚的；C. worried担心的；D. annoyed生气的。根据“She was recovering from shoulder ____4____ and didn’t have family members nearby who could help her clean the driveway.”可知，Moss刚做完肩部手术，附近没有家人可以帮助她清洁车道，所以Moss很担心，故选C。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：上周末的一场大暴风雪在她的车道上降下了近一英尺的雪，路上还有更多积雪。A. only仅；B. partly部分地，某种程度地；C. hardly几乎不；D. nearly几乎。根据“and there was more ____3____.”可知，路上还有更多的雪，故推知积雪很深，深度近一英尺，故选D。
【23题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：上周末的一场大暴风雪在她的车道上降下了近一英尺的雪，路上还有更多积雪。A. on the way在路上；B. by the way顺便说一下；C. in the distance在远处；D. at a time依次。根据“A major snowstorm over the weekend had dropped ____2____ a foot of snow in her driveway”可知，此处描述的是户外的积雪，车道上有很多雪，故推知主路上雪更多。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她正在从肩部手术中恢复过来，附近没有家人可以帮助她清洁车道。A. movement运动；B. operation手术；C. stretch舒展；D. warning警示。根据“and didn’t have family members nearby who could help her clean the driveway.”可知，Moss需要别人帮助清理积雪，故推知Moss刚做完肩部手术，所以不能自己铲雪，故选B。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：几个小时后，有人敲门。A. note便笺；B. hole洞；C. knock敲门；D. lock锁。根据“on her door.”及“Moss looked out and was ____6____ to see two teenage boys with shovels (铁铲).”可知，两个十几岁的男孩，拿着铁锹来帮Moss铲雪。故推知两个男孩先敲了Moss的门，告知Moss。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Moss向外看去，惊讶地看到两个十几岁的男孩，拿着铁锹。A. upset沮丧的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. nervous紧张不安的；D. determined坚定的。根据“She was recovering from shoulder ____4____ and didn’t have family members nearby who could help her clean the driveway.”可知，Moss正担心没人帮自己铲雪，故推知突然两个高中生来帮助铲雪，Moss感到很惊讶。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：David Shelpman和Aidan Campbell与Moss住在同一个街区，是贝塞尔帕克高中的足球队成员。A. wait等；B. gather聚集；C. live居住；D. work工作。根据“in the same neighborhood as Moss”可知，David Shelpman和Aidan Campbell与Moss住在同一个街区，故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：主教练Brian DeLallo周日给他的团队成员发了电子邮件，通知他们周一在学校体育馆的训练不会照常进行。A. inform通知；B. persuade劝；C. convince使信服；D. advise建议。根据“Head Coach Brian DeLallo had emailed his team members”及“their Monday’s workout in the school gym wasn’t going to ____9____”可知，Brian DeLallo发邮件是为了通知学生训练不会照常进行。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：主教练Brian DeLallo周日给他的团队成员发了电子邮件，通知他们周一在学校体育馆的训练不会照常进行。A. fail失败；B. approve批准；C. change改变；D. happen发生。根据“DeLallo also instructed them to ____10____ an elderly or disabled neighbor and shovel their driveway.”可知，DeLallo组织学生铲雪，故推知在学校体育馆的训练不会照常进行。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：DeLallo还通知他们找一个老人或残疾邻居，铲去他们车道上的雪。A. remind提醒；B. invite邀请；C. introduce介绍；D. find找到。根据“Helping elderly and disabled residents to dig out after snowstorms is a Bethel Park ____12____ that goes back two decades.”可知，帮助老人和残疾人铲雪的前提是要先找到和发现老人和残疾人，故选D。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Shelpman和其他大约40名团队成员认真对待他们的任务。A. experiment实验；B. competition比赛；C. assignment任务；D. education教育。根据“DeLallo also instructed them to ____10____ an elderly or disabled neighbor and shovel their driveway.”可知，此处描述的是教练给足球队员安排的任务，故选C。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：帮助老年人和残疾居民在暴风雪后铲雪是贝塞尔帕克的传统，可以追溯到二十年前。A. tradition传统，惯例；B. hobby爱好；C. style风格；D. trend趋势。根据“that goes back two decades”可知，帮助老年人和残疾居民在暴风雪后铲雪可以追溯到二十年前，故推知这是该地区的传统，故选A。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在贝塞尔帕克，社区非常支持足球队。A. development发展；B. ownership所有权；C. understanding理解；D. support支持。根据““Our games are always well ____14____, so giving back is the right response,” DeLallo said.”可知，足球队想回报社区，故推知社区对足球队很支持，故选D。
34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：DeLallo说：“我们的比赛总是受欢迎的，所以回馈是正确的回应”。A. attended出席，参加；B. designed设计；C. known出名的，受欢迎的；D. prepared准备。根据“so giving back is the right response”可知，足球队想回报社区，故推知社区对足球队很支持，足球队在社区很受欢迎，故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：Pearl Moss说她很感激这些青少年，并补充说，如果他们没有出现，她可能会被困在家里一段时间。A. set off动身；B. shown up出现；C. settled down定居；D. passed by经过。根据“David Shelpman and Aidan Campbell ____7____ in the same neighborhood as Moss and are on the football team at Bethel Park High School.”可知，足球队的青少年出现在Moss家中，帮助Moss铲雪，故选B。
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Known as the “father of hybrid rice”, Yuan Longping is one of China’s most famous ____36____ (science), who considers himself a farmer despite his fame and influence. ____37____ (tackle) the crisis of food shortage, he attended Southwest Agricultural College and ____38____ (choose) to study agriculture. Then as a researcher, he was devoted to ____39____ (find) an approach to boosting yields. Yuan ____40____ (convince) that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice Having overcome enormous difficulties, he developed the first hybrid rice in the world ____41____ could be used for farming in 1974, which made it possible to expand ____42____ (farmer) output greatly. What’s more, they have helped to feed other countries as well. His latest vision for “sea water rice” has also become a reality, ____43____ (potential) enabling rice production in China’s salty land.
As ____44____ unique man of the soil, he cares little for celebrity _____45_____ money. Instead, he makes large donation to support agricultural researching.
【答案】36. scientists
37. To tackle
38. chose 39. finding
40. was convinced
41. that 42. farmers’
43. potentially
44. a 45. or
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平。
【36题详解】
考查名词。句意：被称为“杂交水稻之父”的袁隆平是中国最著名的科学家之一，尽管他有名望和影响力，但他认为自己是一个农民。根据语境及常识可知，袁隆平是著名的科学家，应用名词scientist，固定搭配one of+名词复数，意为“……之一”。故填scientists。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了应对粮食短缺危机，他进入西南农业学院学习，并选择了农业专业。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填To tackle。
【38题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：为了应对粮食短缺危机，他进入西南农业学院学习，并选择了农业专业。句子描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填chose。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：然后，作为一名研究人员，他致力于寻找提高产量的方法。固定搭配be devoted to意为“致力于”，to是介词，其后跟动名词作宾语。故填finding。
【40题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：袁隆平相信，在杂交水稻的发明中可以找到答案。固定短语be convinced that，意为“相信”，句子描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，主语Yuan是单数。故填was convinced。
【41题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：他克服了巨大的困难，于1974年研制出了世界上第一种可用于农业的杂交水稻，大大提高了农民的产量。空格处引导的是限定性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词是hybrid rice，指物，且被序数词first修饰，只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。
【42题详解】
考查名词所有格。句意：他克服了巨大的困难，于1974年研制出了世界上第一种可用于农业的杂交水稻，大大提高了农民的产量。farmer是可数名词，农民不止一个，应用复数，farmer和output之间是所属关系，应用名词所有格farmers’。故填farmers’。
【43题详解】
考查副词。句意：他对“海水水稻”的最新设想也已成为现实，有可能使中国盐碱地的水稻生产成为可能。此处修饰现在分词enabling，应用副词，作状语。故填potentially。
【44题详解】
考查冠词。句意：作为一个独特的乡下人，他不在乎名声和金钱。man是可数名词，表泛指，前面需加不定冠词，unique是辅音音素开头，不定冠词用a。故填a。
【45题详解】
考查连词。句意：作为一个独特的乡下人，他不在乎名声和金钱。根据语境可知，句子表示“他不在乎名声和金钱”，否定句中的“和”用or。故填or。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，周末放假回家，父母带你去了最喜欢的公园游玩、回家后你很开心，写了一篇游园日志。日志内容包括：
1.游玩的时间和地点;
2.游玩时的所见、所闻、所感。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
I went to visit my favorite park with my parents last weekend. It was a fine day. We went to the park by car.There was a big pool in the park. I saw many people swimming in it. My mother was interested in swimming and she enjoyed herself in the pool. I went fishing with my father, who taught me how to fish.We felt quite excited when we got the first fish.
We had a great time in the park!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，周末放假回家，父母带你去了最喜欢的公园游玩、回家后你很开心，写一篇游园日志介绍游玩经历。
【详解】1.词汇积累
参观：visit→pay a visit to
乘车：by car→in our car
晴朗的：fine→clear
玩得高兴：have a great time→have fun
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：We went to the park by car.There was a big pool in the park.
拓展句：We went to the park by car, where there was a big pool.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I saw many people swimming in it. （运用了现在分词作宾语补足语）
【高分句型2】 I went fishing with my father，who taught me how to fish.（运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句）
第二节 (满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Tom was a 13-year-old boy who was very honest and hardworking. Recently, he had entered n new school, so he had no friends yet. On Monday morning, he was nearly late for school. The night before, his family attended his cousin’s wedding and reached home late, which was why he couldn’t get up from time as usual.
At school, Tom could not pay attention to anything and wanted the bell to ring so that he could buy something to eat. After a few hours, when the bell rang, Tom quickly opened his schoolbag to find his money, but just then he remembered that he had left for school in a hurry in the morning and forgotten to takes money. He looked under his books, hoping to find some money but there was nothing.
Not knowing what to do, he walked out of the classroom and sat on a bench in front of the canteen. He saw a few of his classmates there, among them was Billy. He was one of the richest kids in his class but he was a very proud boy who thought everyone else was a loser. But as Tom was new, he didn’t know much about Billy.
When he went towards Billy and asked if he could borrow some money for his lunch, Billy laughed a lot and said. “1 knew you were a loser maybe a beggar ” Billy laughed out so loud that other kids also heard it and made fun of the situation. He didn’t answer Billy, and slowly walked back toward an empty bench.
When he reached the bench, he noticed something lying near it. It was a wallet. He picked it up and recognized it as Billy’s, as he remembered Billy showing it to his friends and telling them that his uncle had bought it for him from the UK. There was quite a lot of money inside for a kid.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
At first, Tom wanted to keep it a secret and punish Billy.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Then Billy said, “Why are you giving it back ”
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】At first, Tom wanted to keep it a secret and punished Billy. But it was not easy. He felt the heart in his body rising, and his cheeks blushing. Throwing a glance at Billy, who was chatting happily, cocking his head high, Tom suddenly felt a bit sorry for the embarrassment he was going to face. Just at the moment Billy gasped and cried out in alarm, “Oh hell, where is my wallet ” Some gossips began. Tom heard words of gloat. Overwhelmed by guilt, Tom quickly picked up the wallet and strode to Billy, “I found it over there, and I think it is yours.” Seeing the dumb founded face of Billy, he added, “I thought of sneaking it, of course.” Recalling what he had done to Tom, Billy suddenly hesitated to take the wallet.
Then Billy said, “Why are you giving back ” Murmuring in a low voice, he dodged Tom’s shining eyes, somehow even not daring to look into them. What replied him was a sigh, “Because it belongs to you.” After confession, the air seemed still and it became weird that no one uttered a single word. Just at this moment, Tom’s stomach seemed to be the first to break the awkwardness by growling loud. To his astonishment, the arrogant boy, Billy, reached out his hand, stammering, “W…What about having lunch together ” Before Tom could say anything, Billy quickly added, “Of course, my treat.” It was on that very day that Tom made his first friend in the new school, and he truly reckoned the value of sincerity and honesty in a relationship.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了男孩Tom非常诚实和勤奋，他最近进入了一所新学校，没有朋友。一天他找班上最富有但却傲慢的同学Billy借钱想买早餐，Billy却嘲笑他。结果Tom在长凳上捡到了Billy的钱包，还主动还给了Billy，Billy也被他所打动，请他吃午餐，就这样Tom在新学校交到了第一个朋友。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“起初，Tom想要保守秘密，以此惩罚Billy。”可知，第一段可描写Tom想要藏起钱包的内心活动，以及Billy发现钱包不见后的反应。
②由第二段首句内容“这时Billy说：‘你为什么要归还呢？’”可知，第二段可描写Billy得知Tom归还钱包的原因后被打动并为自己嘲笑Tom感到愧疚，最终决定请Tom吃饭，二人成为朋友。
2.续写线索：Tom想要藏起钱包——Billy发现钱包不见——Tom归还钱包并解释原因——Billy愧疚——Billy提出请Tom吃午饭——二人成为朋友
3.词汇激活
行为类
聊天：chat/ talk
倒抽起：gasp/short of breath
大喊：cry out / shout out loud
瞥见：throw a glance at / glance at
情绪类
内疚：guilt / shame
令某人惊讶的是：to one’s astonishment/ to one’s surprise
【点睛】[高分句型1] Throwing a glance at Billy, who was chatting happily, cocking his head high, Tom suddenly felt a bit sorry for the embarrassment he was going to face. (运用了现在分词作状语和who引导非限制性定语从句，以及省略了关系代词的定语从句)
[高分句型2] Recalling what he had done to Tom, Billy suddenly hesitated to take the wallet. (运用了现在分词作状语，what引导宾语从句)龙岩市一级校联盟(九校)联考2022~2023学年第一学期半期考
高二英语试题
(考试时间：120分钟 总分：150分)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题、从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. When will Jenny begin to get more pocket money
A. Next week. B. Next month. C. In four months.
2. Where does the woman want to go
A. The clothing store. B. The computer store. C. The cell phone store.
3. Which street is the Chinese restaurant on
A. Smith Street. B. Bank Street. C. Field Street.
4. Why is the woman reading the same book again
A. She likes it too much. B. She doesn’t finish the end. C. She forgot some parts of it.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. An outdoor activity. B. A kind of drink. C. A sleeping problem.
第二节 (共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题。每小题5秒钟;听完后。各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Where does the conversation take place
A. At home. B. At a stadium. C. At a restaurant.
7. When will the speakers leave
A. In five minutes. B. In half an hour. C. In an hour.
听第7段材料、回答第8至10题。
8. What is the weather like now
A. Rainy. B. Windy. C. Sunny.
9. How does the mar. feel now
A. Tired. B. Relaxed. C. Confused.
10. What does the woman suggest doing at night
A. Going for a walk. B. Watching a movie. C. Shopping at the market.
听第8段材料、回答第11至13题。
11. Where was the man when the accident happened
A. At a traffic light. B. Outside a bank. B. Outside a bank. C. In a watch store.
12 What time is it now
A.2:00. B.2:20. C.2:40.
13. What does the man say about the car driver
A. He drove slowly. B. He ran a red light. C. He didn’t see the truck driver.
听第9段材料、回答第14至17题。
14. What does the woman want the man to do tomorrow
A. Visit John. B. Stay later than normal. C. Take on a new responsibility.
15. What will the man do first
A. Print his report. B. Study the material. C. Give a presentation.
16. What is the purpose of the meeting
A. To sell a product. B. To search for new customers. C. To show the ideas to a sales group.
17. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Father and daughter. B. Salesman and customer. C. Manager and employee.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. When will the sale begin
A. On Friday. B. On Saturday. C. On Sunday.
19. Which item will cost $575
A. The refrigerator. B. The dishwasher. C. The washing machine.
20. What does the speaker advise people to do in the end
A. Buy a small gilt. B. Try the nice coffee. C. Get a membership card.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分、满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文、从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Top Public Sculpture Parks to Visit in America
Kasmin Sculpture Garden (New York City)
This quiet sculpture garden in Manhattan’s Chelsea neighhorhood is far from the crowds. Owned and operated by Kasmin Gallery, this exhibition space can be viewed from the nearby High Line. It is designed by Future Green, a Brooklyn landscape architect studio, and it stands beside a famous building designed by Zaha Hadid. There’s a current exhibition featuring bronze sculptures by Alma Allen, which shows the artist’s regard for Utah.
Tippet Rise Art Center (Fishtail)
This sculpture garden is worth the trip to the Beartooth Mountains in Fishtail. It is a 12,500-acre ranch (牧场)。 which is peppered with public art, including sculptures by Mark di Suvero, among others. This summer, the ranch will be open to those who are hiking or traveling by bike.
Storm King Art Center (New Windsor)
By far the most popular sculpture park in upstate New York, it is a 500-acre sculpture park in Hudson Valley. Since opening in 1960， it has grown to include dozens of sculptures that change over time. In its collection, the park owns sculptures by famous artists including Carl Andre, Louise Bourgeois and Daniel Buren.
Olympic Sculpture Park (Seattle)
This outdoor park was created by the nearby Seattle Art Museum and features a large red sculpture by Alexander Calder called Eagle, as well as Wake by Richard Serra. Since 2007 this waterfront park has brought creativity to Elliott Bay. The landscape design fits in with the local roads and skylines, facing the harbor in what’s recognized as Seattle’s largest downtown space.
1. What can be learn about the garden in Manhattan’s Chelsea neighbor
A. It is designed by Zara Hadid. B. It is run by Kasmin Gallery.
C. It has become a part of the High Line. D. It stands for Alma Allen’s respect for Utah
2. Which of the following park is located in Hudson Valley
A. Kasmin Sculpture Garden. B. Tippet Rise Art Center.
C. Storm King Art Center. D. Olympic Sculpture Park.
3. Where is this text probably taken from
A. A tourist brochure. B. An advertisement. C. A novel. D. A travel journal.
B
George Shull was born in 1874 on a farm in Clark County, Obio, and his knowledge of plants and hybrids came at an early age. Being needed on the farm, Shull received his early formal education off and on. However, it was supplemented (增补) by intense home study so that by 1892. he was teaching in a public school, and later attending Antioch College.
In 1901, he graduated from Antioch and went to the University of Chicago to do graduate work. With his knowledge of botany and experience with farming practices, Shull passed a Civil Service exam, and was appointed as a botanical assistant at the U. S. National Herbarium. He also worked at the U. S. Bureau of Plant Industry as a botanical expert examining the plants and animals of Chesapeake Bay and Currituck Sound. The data he collected during this time was to comprise his Ph. D. thesis (论文). And in 1904 he was appointed to be in charge of plant work at the Station for Experimental Evolution.
He began working on corn in 1905. Following Gregor Mendel’s example, Shull obtained purebred (纯种的) lines of corn through self-pollination (自花受粉). The pure-bred lines were less healthy and productive, but when he crossed the pure-bred lines, the hybrid yields were better than any of the parents or those pollinated in the open fields. He immediately recognized the potential for using this strategy to improve crop yields.
In 1915, Shull accepted a professorship at Princeton University. With his encouragement, Princeton University Press began the publication of a new journal, Genetics. Shull was the managing editor for ten years. Genetics is still one of the top international science journals.
Shull retired in 1942. He and his wife spent most of their later years with their children and grandchildren.
4. What does the underlined part “off and on” in paragraph 1 mean
A. Not surprisingly. B. Very formally. C. Very excellently. D. Not regularly.
5. What’s paragraph 2 mainly about
A. George Shull’s contributions. B. George Shull’s research
C. George Shull’s work experience. D. George Shull’s education.
6. What was so special about Shull’s method of corn breeding
A. It completely relied on self-pollination. B. It was first published in Genetics.
C. It was widely accepted in Ohio. D. It focused on crossing pure-bred lines.
7. How does the author mainly develop the text
A. By giving examples. B. By following time order.
C. By making comparisons. D. By presenting a scientific study.
C
Modern research on body language — often called nonverbal behavior — began in the 1960s and 1970s with studies that aimed to demonstrate the universality (普遍性) of facial expressions of emotion. That work was inspired in part by Charles Darwin’s study The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872). But it had received little attention for around a century, according to nonverbal communication expert David Matsumoto.
Then modern researchers examined how the brain reacts to facial expressions and how babies copy facial and hand gestures. And scientists have also realized the complexity (复杂性) of body language.
Much research has suggested that body language is often hard to interpret or understand. But for years some advisers and experts have been using their knowledge in many practical areas.
“I help people influence and persuade others around, how trustworthy and credible their message is by helping them with their specific nonverbal communication.” said Mark Bowden. He is the author of “Winning Body Language”. a guide for readers including business people and famous people. He focuses on where a person faces their body and how much space they take up, as well as those gestures.
Some experts also say they can use those signals to interpret hidden emotions. Joe Navarro is the author of What Every Body Is Saying. It is a book about reading a person’s mind from their nonverbal behavior. “It’s easy to spar a speaker’s lip movements when he faces a question he doesn’t like.” Joe said.
While the work of these experts attracts large audiences many scientists are unsure whether their methods are reliable. “Our facial expressions show certain types of emotional states.” David Matsumoto said. So do some body movements. “But people do all kinds of things with their bodies.” he said. Your raised eyebrow (眉毛) could express doubt — but in might also signal discomfort or surprise. “The same hand gesture could mean different things in different cultures,” he said.
8. What role did Charles Darwin’s study play according to paragraph 1
A. It unlocked the secret of the human mind.
B. It promoted the development of human language.
C. It helped start modern research on body language.
D. It encouraged people to care more about animals.
9 What can we infer about Mark Bowden
A He gives advice on business language. B. He focuses mainly on facial expressions.
C. He pays more attention to spoken language. D. He teaches people about body language.
10. What did David Matsumoto think of Joe Navarro’s methods
A. They were instructional. B. They were doubtful
C. They were experimental. D. They were necessary.
11. What can be the best title for the text
A. Can body language tell important truths B. Is nonverbal behavior that complex
C. Should you know more about body language D. Do experts know how to interpret emotions
D
When driving, Clara-Marina Martinez makes a note of any unusual behaviour she sees on the road. She then feeds these into machine learning algorithms (算法), a form of AI, which she is helping develop for Porsche Engineering.
Those algorithms are intended to produce a system reliable enough for a car to drive itself. Such a fully autonomous car known in the industry as Level 5, should be able to complete an entire journey without any intervention from the driver, and deal with all situations on the road. But this is proving hard to achieve, and many attempts to do so are being abandoned. Last year, for instance, Uber sold off its unit developing self-driving cars.
Autonomous vehicles are said to be not just convenient but potentially safer. However, just as people take time to learn how to drive safely, so do machines. And machines are not quick learners. The RAND Corporation calculates that to develop a system 20% safer than a human driver, 100 self-driving cars would have to operate 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.
Carmakers such as Porsche therefore speed up the development process using simulators (模拟器). These teach software about dangers rarely encountered in reality. Dr Martinez and her colleagues employ “game engines” to do this. These are used to create virtual worlds through which the software can drive. Objects in these virtual worlds are assigned their physical characteristics (ie, buildings are hard. people are soft) so that the sensors in vehicles respond in the appropriate way. Once the software has been trained, it is tested in real autonomous vehicles by re-creating those situations on a test track.
How quickly all this will translate into reality remains to be seen. Both regulators and customers will need to overcome the doubt that a software drive really can be safer than a human being.
From Porsche’s point of view, though, there is another question. Given that much of the reason for owning a sports car is for owners to show off their driving skills, just how big a market will there be for a version where software takes those bragging rights (炫耀的权利) away
12 What does Clara-Marina Martinez intend to do
A. Market Porsche cars. B. Learn to be a responsible driver.
C. Enjoy riding in a self-driving car. D. Improve the AI technology.
13. What is the problem with self-driving cars
A. They learn as slowly as human beings. B. They have to be monitored by human drivers.
C. They need a long time to reach a certain safety level. D. They can operate for a very short period of time.
14. What are Dr Martinez and her colleagues doing
A. Enabling software to identify road dangers. B. Fixing sensors in autonomous vehicles.
C. Re-creating road situations on a test track. D. Separating the real world from the virtual world.
15. What worries Porsche according to the last paragraph
A. The reliability of car software. B. The future of its sports car market.
C. The quality of self-driving cars. D. The driving skills of human beings.
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分、满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文、从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We carry a laptop in our shoulder bags everywhere. We no longer need a desk or an Internet cable (网线). Our freedom has made us more productive. ____16____ We rely on our laptops to be there for us wherever we need them, but can they rely on us to care for them Here are five tasks you should perform on your laptop each month.
Clean your hard drive. Over the course of a month, how many files do you download and only need to review once ____17____ Go through your tiles and delete the files you no longer need. For those you do need. move them to the folder (文件夹) they belong to.
Defragment (碎片整理) your hard drive. After you’ve cleaned your hard drive, run your defragment program. Defragging rearranges all the small bits of data left in the drive when they’ve been moved, edited, and deleted. ____18____ The more organized your drive is, the better it can process data.
____19____ Now that you’ve cleaned the inside, it’s time to clean the outside as well. Use canned air to blow out the fans and keyboards. Wipe down the screen with microfiber.
Back up your data. If you don’t already have an automatic backup solution, this monthly cleaning is a good time to manually back up the data on your laptop.
Update your software. While we highly recommend updating software as the updates become available, there are plenty of reasons you can’t do the updating at that moment. Use the monthly check-in to check for updates. ____20____
Taking 20 minutes once a month to perform these five tasks will help ensure your laptop runs more smoothly and lasts longer.
A. Clean the machine.
B. Use a safe screen cleaner.
C. For most people, it’s a large amount.
D. These updates are mostly for your benefit and security.
E. If you want to delete programs be sure to remove them properly.
F. However, too often we ignore the maintenance of these machines.
G. It puts them in order and helps the drive space function smoothly.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分、满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When Pearl Moss looked out her front window in Bethel Park, Pennsylvania, she was ____21____. A major snowstorm over the weekend had dropped ____22____ a foot of snow in her driveway, and there was more ____23____. She was recovering from shoulder ____24____ and didn’t have family members nearby who could help her clean the driveway. A few hours later, there was a ____25____ on her door. Moss looked out and was ____26____ to see two teenage boys with shovels (铁铲). David Shelpman and Aidan Campbell ____27____ in the same neighborhood as Moss and are on the football team at Bethel Park High School. Head Coach Brian DeLallo had emailed his team members Sunday to ____28____ them that their Monday’s workout in the school gym wasn’t going to ____29____. DeLallo also instructed them to _____30_____ an elderly or disabled neighbor and shovel their driveway. Shelpman and about 40 other team members took their _____31_____ seriously.
Helping elderly and disabled residents to dig out after snowstorms is a Bethel Park _____32_____ that goes back two decades. In Bethel Park, community _____33_____ of the football team is strong. “Our games are always well _____34_____, so giving back is the right response,” DeLallo said.
Pearl Moss said she’s grateful for the teens, adding that if they hadn’t _____35_____, she probably would have been stuck in her house for a while.
21. A. moved B. distant C. worried D. annoyed
22. A. only B. partly C. hardly D. nearly
23. A. on the way B. by the way C. in the distance D. at a time
24. A. movement B. operation C. stretch D. warning
25. A. note B. hole C. knock D. lock
26. A. upset B. surprised C. nervous D. determined
27. A. wait B. gather C. live D. work
28. A. inform B. persuade C. convince D. advise
29. A. fail B. approve C. change D. happen
30. A. remind B. invite C. introduce D. find
31. A. experiment B. competition C. assignment D. education
32. A. tradition B. hobby C. style D. trend
33. A. development B. ownership C. understanding D. support
34. A. attended B. designed C. known D. prepared
35. A. set off B. shown up C. settled down D. passed by
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Known as the “father of hybrid rice”, Yuan Longping is one of China’s most famous ____36____ (science), who considers himself a farmer despite his fame and influence. ____37____ (tackle) the crisis of food shortage, he attended Southwest Agricultural College and ____38____ (choose) to study agriculture. Then as a researcher, he was devoted to ____39____ (find) an approach to boosting yields. Yuan ____40____ (convince) that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice Having overcome enormous difficulties, he developed the first hybrid rice in the world ____41____ could be used for farming in 1974, which made it possible to expand ____42____ (farmer) output greatly. What’s more, they have helped to feed other countries as well. His latest vision for “sea water rice” has also become a reality, ____43____ (potential) enabling rice production in China’s salty land.
As ____44____ unique man of the soil, he cares little for celebrity _____45_____ money. Instead, he makes large donation to support agricultural researching.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，周末放假回家，父母带你去了最喜欢的公园游玩、回家后你很开心，写了一篇游园日志。日志内容包括：
1.游玩的时间和地点;
2.游玩时所见、所闻、所感。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 (满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Tom was a 13-year-old boy who was very honest and hardworking. Recently, he had entered n new school, so he had no friends yet. On Monday morning, he was nearly late for school. The night before, his family attended his cousin’s wedding and reached home late, which was why he couldn’t get up from time as usual.
At school, Tom could not pay attention to anything and wanted the bell to ring so that he could buy something to eat. After a few hours, when the bell rang, Tom quickly opened his schoolbag to find his money, but just then he remembered that he had left for school in a hurry in the morning and forgotten to takes money. He looked under his books, hoping to find some money but there was nothing.
Not knowing what to do, he walked out of the classroom and sat on a bench in front of the canteen. He saw a few of his classmates there, among them was Billy. He was one of the richest kids in his class but he was a very proud boy who thought everyone else was a loser. But as Tom was new, he didn’t know much about Billy.
When he went towards Billy and asked if he could borrow some money for his lunch, Billy laughed a lot and said. “1 knew you were a loser maybe a beggar ” Billy laughed out so loud that other kids also heard it and made fun of the situation. He didn’t answer Billy, and slowly walked back toward an empty bench.
When he reached the bench, he noticed something lying near it. It was a wallet. He picked it up and recognized it as Billy’s, as he remembered Billy showing it to his friends and telling them that his uncle had bought it for him from the UK. There was quite a lot of money inside for a kid.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
At first, Tom wanted to keep it a secret and punish Billy.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Then Billy said, “Why are you giving it back ”
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