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(共28张PPT)
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
Using Language
Language Points
核心词汇
1 cast vt. & n.
（1）vt.（cast，cast）投射（光、影子等）；向……投以（视线、笑容等）；投掷
搭配 cast a shadow over/on sth. 给……蒙上阴影
be cast down（by sth.）（因某事）沮丧，不愉快
cast doubt on 质疑;引起对……的怀疑
cast light on　　　　使……清楚;使人了解
He didn’t want to cast a shadow on their happiness.
The latest scientific discoveries cast doubt on earlier theories.
完成句子
(1)一位研究人员现在已经揭开了这种动物的死亡之谜。
A researcher has now 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the mystery of why the animals died.
(2)他的所作所为使人们对他的诚实产生了怀疑。
What he had done 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　his honesty.
cast light on
cast doubt on
单句语法填空
(1) The moon _______（cast） bright light over the garden when I saw through the window.
cast
2. pour vt. 倒出；倾泻；斟（饮料） vi.（雨）倾盆而下，下大雨
pour in 使流入，使灌入
pour into 不断地（大量地）流进（涌进）；大量投入（金钱）于
pour sth. into... 把某物倒进……
搭配 pour cold water on/over... 对……泼冷水
pour down 流下；（雨）倾盆而下
pour cats and dogs 下瓢泼大雨/ 倾盆大雨
pour out 涌出；倒出；倾诉
Would you like me to pour you some more wine
It never rains but it pours.（谚）不鸣则已，一鸣惊人。
单句语法填空
(1)I poured the milk from the bottle ___________the cups.
(2) After the conference the people poured ___________in crowds.
(3)We were sailing on the sea when it suddenly poured ___________.
(4) He poured ___________all his power but couldn’t make it.
完成句子
(5)The government ________________________________（投入大笔资金） the project.
(6)We took shelter from the rain that was ________________（倾盆而下） in a bus stop.
(7) The chimney ____________________________（冒出滚滚黑烟）.
into
out
down
in
poured a large sum of money into
pouring down
poured out black smoke
3 break out （战争、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然开始；爆发
The couple couldn’t convince each other. Then a quarrel broke out.
【学法点拨】
break out，happen，occur，take place 等动词（短语）表示“发生”，是不及物动词用法，没有被动语态。
①break away (from...)(从……)离开/脱离
②break down (机器等)出故障 ;(身体等)垮掉;打破;分解
③break into 强行闯入;突然开始(笑、唱等)
④break through 冲破;突破 ;克服;战胜
⑤break up 破碎 ;打散;拆分;解散
On the way to the station, my car broke down.
The water was covered with ice, which could sometimes break up without any warning.
单句语法填空
4-1 (2018北京,阅读理解C, )Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says
the worms' ability to break down their everyday food—beeswax—also al-
lows them to break down plastic.
句意:这项研究的合著者Federica Bertocchini说,这种幼虫分解它们每日(所吃)的食
物——蜂蜡——的能力也使它们能分解塑料。break down意为“分解”。 故填
down。
4-2 (2017浙江,完形填空, )Her friends came to help her when the war broke
out .
句意:战争爆发时,她的朋友来帮助她。break out意为“爆发”。故填 out。
4-3 (2017江苏,阅读理解C, )Breaking up firms like Google into five
small ones would not stop remaking themselves:in time, one of them would become
great again.
句意:把像谷歌这样的公司拆分成五家小公司并不会阻止它们的自我塑造:其中一
家公司最终将再次变得强大。break up意为“拆分;解散”。 故填up。
4-4 ( )The two countries are going to meet to break down some barriers
to trade between them.
句意:那两个国家计划会面来打破两国之间的一些贸易壁垒。break down意为“打
破;消除”。
4-5 ( )We hope to break through the new coronavirus.
句意:我们希望战胜这种新型冠状病毒。break through意为“战胜”。
　
4 defend vt. 保卫；防守；辩解
All the police are trained to defend themselves from/against knife attacks.
We should respect the soldiers who died in defense of our country.
搭配 defend...from/against（doing）... 保护……免受……
defend oneself against sth. 保护自己不受……；为自己辩护
【词语积累】
defence/defense n. 防御；辩护；保卫
defensive adj. 防御性的；自我保护的
单句语法填空
4-1 (2016四川,七选五, )They help the body defend itself against/from　
some kinds of infections.
考查固定搭配。句意:它们帮助保护身体免受某些种类的感染。defend...against/
from...意为“保护……免受……”。故填against或from。
4-2 ( )What was especially important for Tim's successful defense (de-
fend) in the football game
考查名词。句意:什么对于Tim在足球比赛中的成功防守尤其重要 根据形容词
successful可知此处应用名词。defense是名词,意为“防御”。故填defense。
4-3 ( )Body language can give away a lot about your mood, so standing with
your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive (defend).
考查形容词。句意:肢体语言会泄露出你的很多情绪,所以抱臂而立可以传递出一
个你正在戒备的信号。根据being可知此处应用形容词,故填defensive。
5 in charge of 主管；掌管
I’ll be in charge of the whole gallery next week when the director is away.
【学法点拨】
人 + in charge of + 事
事 + in the charge of + 人
Do you know if Linda is willing to take charge of the programme
I like to go to the stores where delivery is free of charge.
How much did the garage charge for repairing the car
①charge n.负责,掌管;收费;指控;充电量
in charge of...负责/掌管……
in the charge of...由……负责/掌管
take charge of... 接管……　
free of charge 免费地　
②charge v.收费;指控;充电
charge (sb./sth.) for sth. 因……(向……)收费　
charge sb. with (doing) sth. 控告某人(做)某事
【针对练习】
(1)As long as you’ve paid in advance we won’t ______ delivery．
(2)The man__________ the company was charged ________ spreading rumors on the Internet．
掌管这家公司的那个人被指控在网上散布谣言。
(3)A week later, I volunteered _____________ English study in my class．一周以后，我自愿负责班级里的英语学习。
【答案】(1)charge you for　(2)in charge of；with
(3)to take charge of
单句语法填空
(1) Could I speak to whoever is ______charge of International Sales，please
(2) The kitchen is in _______charge of the cook.
(3) You can take as many as you like，because they are free _____charge.
(4) The boss charged us five hundred yuan_______the electrical appliance.
(5) He was charged ________murder and sentenced to death.
in
the
of
for
with
6 trace vt. & n.
（1）vt. 追溯；追踪；查出
搭配 trace back to 追溯到……
trace...to... 追查……到……
（2）n. ［C］痕迹；［U］遗迹；踪迹
His family traces back to the Norman Conquest．
Will the police be able to trace them to their hiding place
The thief had left several traces of his presence.
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)At last the noise was traced ________ a fault in the pipes．
(2)His father claims to be able to trace the family back ________ many centuries ago．
(3)These quotations cannot readily __________(trace) to their sources．
(4)________(trace) of blood were found in the bathroom．
【答案】(1)to　(2)to　(3)be traced　(4)Traces
7gifted adj. 有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的
搭配：be gifted with 有……天赋，生就……
have a gift/talent for “对……有天赋”
a gifted dancer/musician 天才舞蹈演员／音乐家
meet the needs of gifted children 满足特长生的发展要求
He is gifted with the ability to understand a diverse range of people and their cultures.
lawyers and salespeople really have a gift for persuasion.
单句语法填空
(1)Man is the only creature that is gifted______ speech．
(2)I believe my father is a __________(talent) man．
完成句子
(3)Your cooking is amazing and you really __________food．
你的厨艺太棒了，你对食物真的很有天赋。
(4)Each person is special and____________ unique talents．
每个人都是特殊的，都有独特的才能。
【答案】(1)with　(2)gifted　(3)have a gift/talent for　(4)is gifted with
8 come down with 患（病）；染上（小病）
He came down with a bad cold last week.
【归纳拓展】
come down 落下,降落;（价格、水平）下降,降低;（狂喜之后）平静下来
come across 偶遇；无意中发现 come about 发生（常与 how 连用）
come on 快点儿；加油；得了吧 come up with 想出，想到
come out 出来；出版；被人所知 come to 共计；达到；苏醒
come over 来访，拜访
完成句子
(5) Sales in our company ___________（下降） due to the outbreak of the terrible disease.
(6)I ___________________（偶然碰到了玛丽） while shopping downtown yesterday.
(7) It’s already 10 o’clock. I wonder how it_______________（发 生） that she is two hours late on such a short trip.
(8)When the father’s business failed，the family____________（败落）.
(9)In a few moments she suddenly __________（苏醒过来）.
came down
came across Mary
comes about
came down
came to
9 abstract adj. & n.
（1）adj. 抽象的；理性的
We may talk of beautiful things，but beauty itself is abstract.
（2）n.（文献等的）摘要
搭配 in the abstract 抽象地；在理论上
make an abstract of 把……的要点摘录下来
He read through the papers and made an abstract of their contents.
10 above all 最重要的是；尤其是
Never waste anything，and above all never waste time.
【归纳拓展】all 相关的其他常见短语：
after all 终究，还是；毕竟，别忘了
（not）at all 一点也（不），完全（不）
all in all 总的来说，总而言之
in all 总共，合计 first of all 首先，第一
单句语法填空
(1)The girl was anxious and began to tremble．________ all, it was the first time that she had been on the stage．
(2)To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first ________ all has to know their strengths and weaknesses．
完成句子
(3)_____________，what you had done did annoy him greatly．
总而言之，你所做的事确实使他很生气。
(4)He visited, _____________, fifteen galleries in China．
他总共参观了中国的15家画廊。
(5)_____________, you should know what profession suits you．
首先，你应该知道什么职业适合你。
【答案】(1)After　(2)of　(3)All in all (4)in all　(5)Above all
11 fault n. 弱点；过错
搭配 find fault with 挑剔；批评；抱怨
at fault 有错；有责任
He always finds fault with Tom’s composition.
In my opinion，both of the drivers were at fault.
12 shift n. & v.
（1）n. 改变；转换；轮班
They were taking turns to be on the night shift. 他们轮流上夜班。
（2）vi. & vt. 转移；挪动；转向
shift about 四处飘荡
搭配 shift off（将……）从……移走；推卸，逃避
shift to 使移向，使转向
写出句中 shift 的词性及词义
(1) After the guard recovered from his injury，he went on the night shift again. 　
(2)Lend me a hand to shift this box，will you ___________　　
(3)I began to shift my focus. ___________　　
(4) This accident caused a dramatic shift in public opinion. __________　　
单句语法填空
(5)The day shift ________（arrive） at eight o’clock.
(6)When the wind shifted from south ______north，it began to get cold.
(7) The luggage might shift ______in the overhead bin during the flight.
名词，轮班
动词，挪动
动词，转移
名词，改变
arrives
to
about
THE END
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