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(共43张PPT)
如何确定应用文、说明文的
主旨要义
中招考查主旨要义的常见题目：
What's the text mainly about
What's the best title for the text
What is recommended in the text
What does the text mainly tell us
What is the proper title for...
...........
2019应用文
48. What is the proper title for #1，#2，#3 and #4 separately
a. Clear out Your Room
b. Create a Memory Book
c. Help on a Nearby Farm
d. Discover Family History
A. a d b c B. d a b c
C. d b a c D. c a b d
总
分
分
分
分
总：短文题目+第一段
Fun Activities for Teens to Do in the Summer
Do you feel bored with the upcoming summer We asked parents for ideas for things that teens can do and here are some suggestions for fun activities for you to do in the summer.
这篇短文的题目是：
Fun Activities for Teens to Do in the Summer
Do you feel bored with the upcoming summer We asked parents for ideas for things that teens can do and here are some suggestions for fun activities for you to do in the summer.
........
Fun Activities for Teens to Do in the Summer
Do you feel bored with the upcoming summer We asked parents for ideas for things that teens can do and here are some suggestions for fun activities for you to do in the summer.
........
第一段起什么作用？
引出下文
#1________
Visit older family members and interview them about the past of your family. You could use a smartphone to record some of the conversation. Things to ask about：
●What did you eat
●Who was your favorite family member
●What did you do to make yourself happy
●What was it like when you were a teenager
共同点：询问过去的情况
2019
48. What is the proper title for #1，#2，#3 and #4 separately
a. Clear out Your Room
b. Create a Memory Book
c. Help on a Nearby Farm
d. Discover Family History
A. a d b c B. d a b c
C. d b a c D. c a b d
√
√
#2________
Not only will you make your parents really happy, but you will find all those lost CDs/books/socks that are hidden under the bed.
You can now have a yard sale for the things you no longer want, and make yourself some pocket money at the same time.
说明听从#2建议后将会出现的后果
You can now have a yard sale for the things you no longer want, and make yourself some pocket money at the same time.
情态动词can 表建议
祈使句表建议
#2________
Not only will you make your parents really happy, but you will find all those lost CDs/books/socks that are hidden under the bed.
You can now have a yard sale for the things you no longer want, and make yourself some pocket money at the same time.
进一步提出建议
2019
48. What is the proper title for #1，#2，#3 and #4 separately
a. Clear out Your Room
b. Create a Memory Book
c. Help on a Nearby Farm
d. Discover Family History
A. a d b c B. d a b c
C. d b a c D. c a b d
√
如何总结应用文中语段的段意：
* 确定语篇结构
* 关注第一段（通常起引领下文的作用），确定文段 内容
* 由每个句子的时态，句型等特点判断作者表达意图
* 根据事实细节，做出选择
2017年
( ) 50.What is recommended in the text
A. Hot restaurants.
B. Special foods.
C. Weekend activities.
D. The best places to go.
总
分
分
分
分
这篇短文的题目是：
Eating out
Are you looking for somewhere special to go this weekend Do you want to try something new
Check out one of these hot new restaurants.
第一段起统领全文的作用
Eating out
Are you looking for somewhere special to go
this weekend Do you want to try something new
Check out one of these hot new restaurants.
前2个句子提出问题，第3句是祈使句，表建议
Eating out
Are you looking for somewhere special to go
this weekend Do you want to try something new
Check out one of these hot new restaurants.
每个语篇的题目都是餐厅名字
2017年
( ) 50.What is recommended in the text
A. Hot restaurants.
B. Special foods.
C. Weekend activities.
D. The best places to go.
√
如何找出应用文通篇的主旨要义：
* 确定语篇结构
* 关注题目和第一段（统领段）中引起下文的句子
* 结合小语篇的题目，做出选择
2019
60. What's the best title for the text
A. Making Britain wild again
B. A trip to wild Britain
C. An introduction to Britain
D. Protecting the environment
1
2
3
4
Paragraph 1
Thousands of years ago, Britain was covered by thick forests, home to many animals which no longer live in the United Kingdom. There were wolves and bears, many different kinds of deer and large wild cows. There were less than four million people. They lived in small villages protected by wooden walls from the animals outside.
Paragraph 1
1. Thousands of years ago, Britain was covered by thick forests, home to many animals which no longer live in the United Kingdom. 2. There were wolves and bears, many different kinds of deer and large wild cows. 3. There were less than four million people. 4. They lived in small villages protected by wooden walls from the animals outside.
Paragraph 1
1. Thousands of years ago, Britain was covered by thick forests, home to many animals which no longer live in the United Kingdom.
陈述句描写了几千年前，英国遍布森林，展开整体画面。
Paragraph 1
1. Thousands of years ago, Britain was covered by thick forests, home to many animals which no longer live in the United Kingdom. 2. There were wolves and bears, many different kinds of deer and large wild cows. 3. There were less than four million people. 4. They lived in small villages protected by wooden walls from the animals outside.
用there be句型丰富画面内容
Paragraph 1
1. Thousands of years ago, Britain was covered by thick forests, home to many animals which no longer live in the United Kingdom. 2. There were wolves and bears, many different kinds of deer and large wild cows. 3. There were less than four million people. 4. They lived in small villages protected by wooden walls from the animals outside.
用陈述句进一步描绘画面场景
本段句子之间是并列关系，主旨大意是：描述几千年前英国的自然风貌。
Thousands of years ago, Britain was covered by thick forests, home to many animals which no longer live in the United Kingdom. There were wolves and bears, many different kinds of deer and large wild cows. There were less than four million people. They lived in small villages protected by wooden walls from the animals outside.
Paragraph 2
All this has changed, of course. Now the population of the United Kingdom has increased to sixty five million. Three quarters of Britain is covered with fields, towns or cities. Although 25 percent of land is countryside, new methods of farming mean that there are fewer birds and small animals living in fields than ever before. The United Kingdom is one of the few countries in the world that does not have a large wild animal that eats meat. In Scotland there are only 400 wildcats, but these are much smaller than wolves.
第一句统领全段，即本段大意：
英国自然风貌已经发生了改变
All this has changed, of course. Now the population of the United Kingdom has increased to sixty five million. Three quarters of Britain is covered with fields, towns or cities. Although 25 percent of land is countryside, new methods of farming mean that there are fewer birds and small animals living in fields than ever before. The United Kingdom is one of the few countries in the world that does not have a large wild animal that eats meat. In Scotland there are only 400 wildcats, but these are much smaller than wolves.
Paragraph 3
Some people would like to change things, however! Some organizations and writers say that Britain needs to become more natural again. They suggest that trees and plants that grew in the UK before towns and cities were built should be allowed to grow again. They even say that large wild animals which have not lived in the UK should be helped to return and live wild. They call this “rewilding”．
第一句引出后面内容，最后一句做出总结
Some people would like to change things, however! Some organizations and writers say that Britain needs to become more natural again. They suggest that trees and plants that grew in the UK before towns and cities were built should be allowed to grow again. They even say that large wild animals which have not lived in the UK should be helped to return and live wild. They call this “rewilding”．
本段主旨大意：介绍了“重回野生环境” 这个观点的具体内容。
Some people would like to change things, however! Some organizations and writers say that Britain needs to become more natural again. They suggest that trees and plants that grew in the UK before towns and cities were built should be allowed to grow again. They even say that large wild animals which have not lived in the UK should be helped to return and live wild. They call this “rewilding”．
Paragraph 4
Not everyone agrees. In the last twenty years, over one million trees which at first grew in Scotland have been planted and there are plans for more－but wild animals Some people ask if wolves will attack sheep or even humans. They are also angry that rewilding might mean an end to walking in the hills which so many people enjoy. So far there are no wolves or bears in Britain’s forests－but soon there might be!
第一句统领全段。本段主旨大意：描述了反对“重回野生环境” 者的看法。
Not everyone agrees. In the last twenty years, over one million trees which at first grew in Scotland have been planted and there are plans for more－but wild animals Some people ask if wolves will attack sheep or even humans. They are also angry that rewilding might mean an end to walking in the hills which so many people enjoy. So far there are no wolves or bears in Britain’s forests－but soon there might be!
2019
60. What's the best title for the text
A. Making Britain wild again
B. A trip to wild Britain
C. An introduction to Britain
D. Protecting the environment
√
Paragraph 1：描述几千年前英国的自然风貌。
Paragraph 2：英国自然风貌已经发生了改变。
Paragraph 3：介绍了“重回英国环境”这个观点的具体内容。
Paragraph 4：描述了反对“重回英国环境”者的看法。
如何判断说明文的主旨要义：
* 确定语篇共有几段
* 明确段中共有几个句子
* 根据句子的时态，句型等特点明确作者表达意图
* 分析句子关系
段落中句子常见关系：
（1）并列关系。当句子之间是并列关系时，找共同点，共同点就是段落大意；
（2）总分关系。前面的总领句通常就是段落主旨大意。
（3）分分总关系。后面的总结句通常就是段落主旨大意。
（3）总分总关系。结合前面的总领句和后面的总结句，概括出段落主旨大意。
关注标点符号用法：
，表停顿或解释说明等，不代表一个句子结束；
；表并列、解释说明等，不代表一个句子结束；
：表列举、解释说明、引用等，不代表一个句子结束；
- 表解释说明、突然中断等，不代表一个句子结束；
统领全篇/段句子的特点：
提出观点
引出下文
eg.
﹡Here are....
﹡Check out one of these....
﹡ All this has changed, of course..
﹡ Not everyone agrees...
Homework
Take notes;
Do similar exercises.

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