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第3讲　并列句和复合句
并列句和复合句是历年高考的必考点和易失分点，应引起高度重视。造成失分的主要原因是不能区分并列句和复合句而误用连词，因此必须知晓并列句与定语从句、名词性从句及状语从句的用法区别。无论并列句还是复合句，首先必须要分清句式结构并理清逻辑，了解各种句式的基本用法及固定句式，注意各种句式的用法禁忌和易错点，这是破题的关键。
考点素能
一　并列句
1．并列连词及重点句式
(1)并列连词的功能及常用的并列连词
并列连词既可以连接并列的单词或短语，也可以连接并列的分句。在语法填空无提示词的考查中，当两个或两个以上的单词、短语之间没有连词时，一般是填并列连词；当两个或两个以上的句子之间没有连词时，就需要根据逻辑关系来判定用并列连词还是从属连词。
常见的并列连词有：
并列连词 并列关系或递进关系 and, when (＝and just at that time), not only ... but also ..., neither ... nor ..., both ... and ...
转折或对比关系 but, while (而，尽管), yet, not ... but ...
选择关系 or, either ... or ..., otherwise, or else (否则，要不然)
因果关系 for, so
(2)并列句的重点句式
●祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句。
●sb was doing sth when ... /sb was about to do sth when ...
2．并列句的易错点
(1)并列句本身的易错点
并列句本身的易错点主要集中在三方面：一是逻辑关系不清，误用连词；二是连词的多余，如，although/though不能和but连用，because不能和so连用；三是连词的缺失，要牢记两个谓语之间或两个分句之间应有一个连词。
(2)并列句与定语从句之间的区别
并列句与定语从句的主要区别在于：并列句是由and, but等并列连词连接两个简单句，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。
[典例1]　 ①They live in a small house, in front of _______ stands an orange tree.
②They live in a small house, and in front of _______ stands an orange tree.
解析　两句的区别是连词and，句①逗号后为非限制性定语从句，设空处为引导词，表示a small house，故填which；句②and连接两个并列分句，设空处指代前面分句中的a small house，故填it。
(3)并列句与状语从句的区别
并列句是由连词连接两个“互不依存的主谓结构”，两者之间是并列关系；而在状语从句中前后两个句子一个是主句，一个是从句，从句是用来修饰主句的。
[典例2]　①________ money is necessary for a happy life, it can't buy happiness.
②Money is necessary for a happy life, _______ it can't buy happiness.
解析　两个题都应该填连词。句①设空处是让步状语从句，故填从属连词Although/Though；句②设空处前后是转折关系，是两个并列的简单句，故填并列连词but。
二　定语从句
1．定语从句的引导词和解题步骤
●定语从句的引导词
●定语从句的解题步骤
[典例]　But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid 1980s, _______ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
解析　第一步：找出句子中的先行词，并将其还原代入从句中，使从句成为一个完整的句子“in the mid 1980s I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild”；
第二步：确定被代入部分在从句中充当的成分。in the mid 1980s在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词；
第三步：先行词in the mid 1980s指时间，故填when。
2．定语从句的易错点
易错点1　what不能引导定语从句
[典例]　(2016·四川高考)The dishes what I cooked were Mom's favorite.
解析　dishes后为定语从句，what不能引导定语从句，引导词在从句中作cooked的宾语。故将what改为that/which或去掉what。
易错点2　that不能引导非限制性定语从句
[典例]　(2014·北京高考)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, that my classmates recommended to me.
解析　先行词为the book，逗号后为非限制性定语从句，且关系词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，故将that改为which。
易错点3　定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的选择
[典例]　I simply cut the branch _______ the bird was sitting on.
解析　定语从句的先行词为表示地点的branch，但定语从句缺少宾语，故填that/which。
易错点4　逗号后面的引导词不一定用which
[典例]　(2019·六安模拟)To realize my dream, I must learn as much as I can to get into a good medical college, which I can make full preparations for the job of a doctor.
解析　逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为a good medical college，引导词在从句中作地点状语，故将which改为where或在which前加in。
易错点5　that与which的误用
下列情况只用that不用which
●当先行词是all, any, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词或被它们修饰时；
●当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时；
●当先行词被the only, the very, the just, the same等修饰时；
●当先行词既有人又有物时。
易错点6　非限制性定语从句中as和which的误用
as和which均可用来引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的内容，但as可位于句首，而which常位于句中；as常用于肯定句，而which可用于否定句；as常用于被动句，而which常用于主动句。此外，as译作“正如，正像”，而which译作“这，这一点”。
The mother tried to persuade her son to give up smoking, which didn't help.
母亲竭力劝说儿子戒烟，但没有效果。
As the old saying goes, “You can't judge a book by its cover”．
正如谚语所言“人不可貌相”。
三　名词性从句
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
1．名词性从句的引导词
名词性从句 连词that 没有词义，不作句子成分，引导宾语从句时可省略
连词if/whether 意为“是否”，不作句子成分，引导宾语从句时一般可互换
连接代词 有词义，作句子成分：who(ever), whom(ever), which(ever), what(ever), whose
连接副词 有词义，作句子成分：when(ever), where(ever), why, how(ever)
2．名词性从句的易错点
易错点1　that与what的误用
[典例1]　(2020·泉州模拟)That you have gained is the result of your hard work.
解析　is前为主语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，此处意为“所得到的东西”。故将That改为What。
[典例2]　It is cheerful what the local authorities have promised them to shorten the time of obtaining it.
解析　It为形式主语，cheerful后面的句子为真正的主语，引导词在从句中不作任何成分也无任何意义。故将what改为that。
易错点2　that与if/whether的误用
[典例1]　I'm glad to hear if you're coming to Sichuan in August.
解析　hear后为宾语从句，句意：我听说你八月要来四川，我很高兴。故将if改为that或去掉if。
[典例2]　(2020·济南模拟)There is no doubt whether it is of great help to their study and future life.
解析　doubt后为同位语从句，此处是一个事实，而不是一个疑问。故将whether改为that。
易错点3　which与that, what的误用
[典例1]　(2020·太原模拟)His promise which he would give away half of the year's income to the disabled turned out a lie.
解析　本句中promise后为同位语从句，引导词在从句中不作任何成分。故将which改为that。
[典例2]　(2020·南昌模拟)All were happy with which they received.
解析　在名词性从句中which和what都为连接代词，但which表示“哪一个”，而what表示“……的事情/东西”，此处意为他们收获的东西，作宾语。故将which改为what。
易错点4　if与whether的误用
[典例]　(2020·运城模拟)Success partly depends on if you have the patience to do simple things perfectly.
解析　if和whether都可引导名词性从句意为“是否”，但if受到很多限制，例如不能位于句首，介词后的宾语从句不能用if引导，不能跟or not连用等。故将if改为whether。
易错点5　that, what与连接副词的误用
[典例1]　(2020·湖北宜昌示范高中协作体联考)I usually swim in a swimming pool close to that I live.
解析　to后为宾语从句，引导词在从句中作地点状语，表示“靠近我居住的地方”。故将that改为where。
[典例2]　(2020·庆阳模拟)I hope this town will not change; just keep where it is.
解析　keep后为表语从句，从句中缺少表语，意为“……的样子”应该用连接代词引导。故将where改为what。
四　状语从句
1．状语从句的分类及常用连词
状语从句 时间状语 when, while, as, before, after, once, till, until, since, every time, the moment, hardly ... when
地点状语 where, wherever (无论什么地方，不管哪里)
原因状语 because, since, as, now that (既然，由于)
目的状语 so that (为了，以便), in order that, in case (以防万一)
结果状语 so that (结果), so ... that, such ... that (如此……以至于)
条件状语 if, unless (除非，如果不), as long as (只要), so long as (只要), on condition that (条件是), in case (如果，万一)
方式状语 as (像，依照), as if/as though (好像，似乎)
让步状语 although, though, as (状语或表语要提到as前，作表语的单数可数名词提前时，不用a或an)，even if/even though (即使), whether ... or ... (不管……还是), whoever (＝no matter who), whatever (＝no matter what), whenever (＝no matter when), whichever (＝no matter which)
比较状语 than, as ... as ..., not as ... as ..., not so ... as ..., the same ... as ..., such ... as ..., the more ... the more ...
2．状语从句的易错点
易错点1　逻辑关系不清，导致连词误用
[典例]　If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it.
解析　根据句意“尽管我在那间教室学习时还只是个小孩子，但我永远不会忘记那间教室。”可知，此处应为让步状语从句，故将If改为Although/Though。
易错点2　受到汉语干扰，导致连词重复
[典例]　Every time when he arrived home at the end of the day, we'd greet him at the door.
解析　every time为连词，引导时间状语从句，故去掉when。
过关检测(限时：20分钟)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The number of smokers, _______ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
答案：as
2．________ makes the school famous is _______ more than 90% of the students have been admitted to universities.
答案：What; that
3．Sorry to have kept you waiting so long, but it'll still be some time _______ Mr Smith is available.
答案：before
4．One day, the cow was eating grass _______ it began to rain heavily.
答案：when
5．Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of _______ has been proved.
答案：which
6．—We should help and learn from each other as a group.
—I can't agree more. _______ you are strong, I am weak.
答案：Where
7．There are as many as five student clubs in our school. You can join _______ interests you most.
答案：whichever
8．Many young people, most of _______ were well－educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
答案：whom
9．________ we can have clean drinking water lies in _______ effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution.
答案：Whether; what
10．How can I help them to understand _______ they won't listen to me
答案：when
11．He is strong, _______ his brother is weak.
答案：while
12．There are still some people _______ living conditions are terrible.
答案：whose
13．________ speech is popular depends on the reflection from the audience.
答案：Whose
14．The question is _______ we can get the car starting at the moment.
答案：how
15．________ he made up his mind to carry out the plan, nothing can be done to stop it.
答案：Once
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2020·华中师大附中高三检测卷)In the summer of 2015, I was in Finland for an internship. Although I __1__ (read)that Finnish people are reserved and like to stay within their space, I had not expected it to be this：
At a bus stop: You are alone in the shade of __2__ stop and that is your space. No one will come __3__ (bother)you. Inside a bus: You enter a bus and see that all the window seats __4__ (occupy). The bus is “full”. You have to stand. Respect that space! This is rather a hard situation, and you really get anxious as to __5__ you should sit.
You are scared to shout to the driver to stop the bus: I was running __6__ all my strength to catch the bus and signaled the driver to stop. I entered the bus and all eyes were __7__ (seeming)on me. I had never felt so __8__ (guilt)at anything.
In most __9__ (case), when a Finn wants to leave his apartment but his neighbor is in the hallway, he'll just slip away, __10__ (pretend)not to see the neighbor.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者在Finland(芬兰)受到的文化冲击。
1．had read　考查动词的时态。此处陈述的是发生在2015年夏天作者去芬兰之前的事，表示过去的过去，所以用过去完成时，故填had read。
2．the　考查冠词。此处特指前面提到的bus stop，故填定冠词the。
3．to bother　考查非谓语动词。句意：没有人会过来打扰你。此处应用不定式作目的状语，故填to bother。
4．are occupied　考查动词的时态和语态。此处意为“所有靠窗座位都被占了”，结合前后句的时态可知，此处应用一般现在时；且seats与occupy之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，故填are occupied。
5．where　考查宾语从句的连接词。介词to后为宾语从句，设空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
6．with　考查介词。with all one's strength “用尽全力”，为固定搭配，故填with。
7．seemingly　考查词性转换。设空处修饰谓语动词，应用副词形式，故填seemingly。
8．guilty　考查词性转换。feel是系动词，其后应接形容词作表语，故填guilty。
9．cases　考查名词。case作“事例，实例”讲时是可数名词，设空前有修饰词most，应用case的复数形式，故填cases。
10．pretending　考查非谓语动词。主句有谓语动词，且设空前无连词，设空处应用非谓语动词作状语，he与pretend之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填pretending。
强化训练2　语法——重难点(谓语动词、
非谓语动词、并列句和复合句)
单句语法填空
1．He must be a good worker, _______ else he wouldn't be so busy.
答案：or　考查并列连词。句意：他肯定是个好工人，要不然他不会这么忙。根据句意可知，此处应用or else，相当于or, 意为“不然，否则”。故填or。
2．Not only do the professors have their own ideas on the matter, _______ the students have theirs too.
答案：but　考查并列连词。句意：对于这件事，不仅教授们有自己的观点，而且学生们也有自己的想法。not only ... but (also)... 是固定句型，意为“不仅……而且……”。故填but。
3．________ Mike's very good at math, his brother is absolutely hopeless.
答案：While　考查并列连词。句意：迈克很擅长数学，而他的弟弟绝对是不可救药。此处应用while，强调两者之间的对比，意为“而，然而”。故填While。注意首字母大写。
4．Easy Talk in China Daily is a weekly talk show program _______ (cover)the latest living related issues in today's China.
答案：covering　考查非谓语动词。句意：《中国日报》的《轻松说》是一档每周播出一次的脱口秀节目，它涉及了当今中国与生活密切相关的最新问题。被修饰词program与动词cover之间是主动关系，应用cover的现在分词作后置定语，修饰program。故填covering。
5．I had been lying to myself, _______ (pretend)that everything was fine.
答案：pretending　考查非谓语动词。句意：我一直在欺骗自己，假装一切都很好。逻辑主语I与动词pretend之间是主动关系，应用pretend的现在分词作伴随状语。故填pretending。
6．The old teacher has retired, but she still remembers the happy time _______ (spend)with her students.
答案：spent　考查非谓语动词。句意：那位老教师退休了，但是她仍然记得和学生们一起度过的快乐时光。被修饰词time与动词spend之间是被动关系，应用spend的过去分词作后置定语，修饰time。故填spent。
7．I apologize if my son has hurt you, but I am sure that he _______ (mean)to.
答案：didn't mean　考查动词的时态。句意：如果我儿子伤害了你，我向你道歉。但我确信他不是有意那样做的。mean to do sth是固定用法，意为“打算做某事”。根据本句中的“has hurt”和句意可知，mean的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填didn't mean。
8．I'd like to have visited the Palace Museum last week, but something unexpected _______ (happen)to my father.
答案：happened　考查动词的时态。句意：上周我本想去参观故宫，可是我父亲发生了意外。根据本句中的时间状语“last week”和句意可知，happen是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。故填happened。
9．The other day he ran across one of his friends on the street, whom he _______ (see)for ages.
答案：hadn't seen　考查动词的时态。句意：那天他在大街上遇到一个朋友，他已经很多年没见过这个朋友了。根据句意可知，see这个动作发生在“ran across”之前，表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故填hadn't seen。
10．Nowadays with the development of science, more and more new technology _______ (introduce)to the fields of IT.
答案：is being introduced　考查动词的时态和语态。句意：如今随着科学的发展，越来越多的新技术被引进IT领域。主语“new technology”与谓语动词introduce之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。根据本句中的“Nowadays”可知，此处表示现阶段一直在进行的动作，应用现在进行时的被动语态。故填is being introduced。
11．With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _______ (wash)away each year.
答案：are being washed　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：随着更多的森林遭到破坏，每年大量的土壤正在流失。“quantities of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式；主语“good earth”与wash away之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；根据句意可知，此处应用现在进行时，表示现阶段正在进行的动作。故填are being washed。
12．The door _______ (shut). Better have it repaired.
答案：won't shut　考查动词的时态和语态。句意：这扇门关不上了。最好找人修理一下。shut在句中为不及物动词，无被动用法。will在此处表示某事经常发生，符合句意。故填won't shut。
13．Alice left the company half a month ago. Her work _______ (leave)unfinished since.
答案：has been left　考查动词的时态和语态。句意：爱丽丝半个月前离开了公司。她的工作至今没有完成。since 在句中为副词，与现在完成时连用；主语“Her work”与动词leave之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填has been left。
14．It took more than building supplies _______ (construct)these energy saving houses. It took brains, too.
答案：to construct　考查非谓语动词。句意：建造这些节能房屋不仅要花费建筑物资，还要花费脑力。固定句型It takes sth to do sth是固定用法，意为“做某事花费某物”。故填to construct。
15．Eric ran into the room, with his dog _______ (follow)him, walking very slowly.
答案：following　考查非谓语动词。句意：埃里克跑进房间，后面跟着他的狗，走得很慢。设空处应用非谓语动词。动词follow与宾语“his dog”之间是主谓关系，所以用现在分词构成with的复合结构。故填following。
16．Amy regretted _______ (not take)her mother's advice that we shouldn't damage our health for a slim figure.
答案：not taking/not having taken　考查非谓语动词。句意：Amy后悔没有听从她母亲的劝告，不应该为了苗条的身材而损害健康。regret doing sth是固定用法，意为“后悔做了某事”， 根据句意可知，此处应用动名词或动名词的完成式作宾语。故填not taking/not having taken。
17．Highly _______ (devote)to his job, he turned a successful CEO in the end.
答案：devoted　考查非谓语动词。句意：他全身心投入工作，最终成为了一名成功的CEO。be devoted to 是固定用法，意为“致力于”， 所以用过去分词作原因状语。故填devoted。
18．The audience present all rose and applauded at the sight of Li Na, who was said _______ (win)the match in Melbourne.
答案：to have won　考查非谓语动词。句意：据说李娜在墨尔本赢得了比赛，一看见她，在场的观众们纷纷起立鼓掌。be said意为“据说”， 后接动词不定式，且动词win这一动作发生在“said”之前，所以用动词不定式的完成时。故填to have won。
19．Watching football matches at home is one thing, and going to watch them _______ (perform)live at the stadium is quite another.
答案：being performed　考查非谓语动词。句意：在家里看足球比赛是一回事，去体育场现场观看足球比赛则完全是另一回事。动词perform与宾语“them”之间是被动关系，且表示动作正在进行，所以用过去分词的进行时作宾语补足语。故填being performed。
20．Back from his three year medical service in Africa, Dr Smith was very delighted to see his elderly mother _______ (take)good care of at home.
答案：taken　考查非谓语动词。句意：史密斯医生结束了在非洲三年的医疗服务后，非常高兴地看到他年迈的母亲在家被照顾得很好。动词短语take care of与宾语“his elderly mother”之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填taken。
21．White snow _______ (blanket)the small village after a big snowfall, tourists found themselves stepping into a fantastic fairyland.
答案：blanketing　考查非谓语动词。句意：大雪过后，白雪覆盖了这座小村庄，游客发现自己进入了一个美妙的仙境。本句谓语动词是found，设空处应用非谓语动词。动词blanket与逻辑主语“White snow”之间是主动关系，故用现在分词构成独立主格结构。故填blanketing。
22．When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的)artist, they smiled and _______ (point)down the river.
答案：pointed　考查动词的时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指向河的下游。根据上文“they smiled and”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
23．If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it _______ (rain)all day.
答案：rained　考查动词的时态。句意：如果天气好，我们本可以去野餐，但却下了一整天的雨。此处if引导一个与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，“rain”这一动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时。故填rained。
24．________ (realize)that he had fallen behind, Peter started to quicken his pace.
答案：Having realized　考查非谓语动词。句意：意识到自己已经落后了，彼得开始加快速度。动词realize与其逻辑主语“Peter”之间是主谓关系，且realize这一动作发生在“started”之前，所以用realize的现在分词的完成时作原因状语。故填Having realized。注意首字母大写。
25．The book _______ (publish)next year is supposed to be a best seller.
答案：to be published　考查非谓语动词。句意：明年将要出版的这本书应该是畅销书。动词publish与“The book”之间是被动关系，且根据时间状语“next year”可知，此处表示尚未发生的动作，所以应用动词不定式的被动形式作“The book”的后置定语。故填to be published。
26．Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting _______ (exhibit)at the culture show of the Shanghai World Expo.
答案：were exhibited　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：上海世博会的文化展展示了天津的剪纸等传统民间艺术。主语“Traditional folk arts of Tianjin”是复数形式，且其与exhibit之间是被动关系，再结合句意可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were exhibited。
27．It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they _______ (do)for me.
答案：had done　考查动词的时态。句意：我花了很长时间才完全领悟他们为我所做的一切。根据句意可知，do这一动作发生在“was able to”之前，表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故填had done。
28．Passengers are permitted _______ (carry)only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.
答案：to carry　考查非谓语动词。句意：乘客只许携带一件手提行李上飞机。 permit sb to do sth是固定用法，意为“允许某人做某事”。故填to carry。
29．Mary worked here as a temporary secretary and ended up _______ (get)a full time job with the company.
答案：getting　考查非谓语动词。句意：玛丽在这里做临时秘书，最后在这家公司找到一份全职工作。end up doing sth是固定用法，意为“最后做某事，最终做某事”。故填getting。
30．The poor lady couldn't help _______ (cry)at the bad news that her son had a serious accident on the way to school.
答案：crying　考查非谓语动词。句意：当听到儿子在上学的路上出了严重事故的坏消息后，那位可怜的女士忍不住哭了起来。can't/couldn't help doing sth是固定用法，意为“忍不住做某事”。故填crying。
31．________ makes our school special is that most of its graduates are admitted to famous colleges.
答案：What　考查主语从句。句意：我们学校与众不同的一点是大部分毕业生都被名牌大学录取了。设空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，应用what引导该从句。故填What。注意首字母大写。
32．He knew the files could be of help to _______ took over the job.
答案：whoever　考查宾语从句。句意：他知道这些文件对任何接手这项工作的人都很有用。设空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语。根据句意可知，设空处表示“……的任何人”。故填whoever。
33．You can never imagine _______ great difficulty he had solving the problem.
答案：what　考查宾语从句。句意：你无法想象他解决这个问题有多么困难。have difficulty (in)doing sth是固定搭配，意为“做某事有困难”；设空处引导宾语从句，该从句是一个感叹句，结构为“what＋形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语”。故填what。
34．Many experts believe that teachers' development is _______ the key to better education lies.
答案：where　考查表语从句。句意：许多专家认为教师的发展是更好的教育的关键所在。设空处引导表语从句，lie 是不及物动词，因此设空处在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
35．________ a man takes no thought about what is distant, he will find sorrow near at hand.
答案：If　考查条件状语从句。句意：人无远虑，必有近忧。根据句意可知，从句表示一种假设，所以用if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果……”。故填If。注意首字母大写。
36．Hardly had she disappeared _______ a number of people began to crowd around to see what Tonino was selling.
答案：when　考查时间状语从句。句意：她刚一消失，就有许多人开始围过来看Tonino(托尼诺)在卖什么。hardly ... when ... 是固定句型，意为“一……就……”，when引导时间状语从句，故填when。
37．Don't stop speaking when you make a mistake _______ it's a truly serious one because people's attention wanders constantly.
答案：unless　考查条件状语从句。句意：当你犯错时，不要停止讲话，除非是非常严重的错误，因为人们的注意力会不断地转移。结合句意，此处表示条件，意为“除非”，故填unless。
38．The few deer turned and disappeared in the trees as silently _______ they had come.
答案：as　考查比较状语从句。句意：那几只鹿转身消失在树林中，如来时一样悄无声息。“as＋形容词或副词原级＋as”是固定用法，意为“像……一样”，引导比较状语从句。故填as。
39．These two young students were experiencing something _______ is called test anxiety.
答案：that　考查定语从句。句意：这两个年轻的学生正在经历一种叫作考试焦虑症的东西。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是“something”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语。先行词是不定代词something, 只能用that引导该从句。故填that。
40．The way in _______ people all over the world watch films has changed these years.
答案：which　考查定语从句。句意：近年来，世界各地的人们观看电影的方式发生了变化。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是“The way”，关系词在从句中作方式状语，应用which引导该从句；介词后不能用that引导定语从句。故填which。
41．People _______ frequently participate in physical exercises should account for over 45 percent of the population by 2035.
答案：who/that　考查定语从句。句意：到2035年，经常参加身体锻炼的人数将占人口总数的45%。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是“People”，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用who或者that引导该从句。故填who/that。
42．________ is mentioned above，the number of the students in universities is increasing these years.
答案：As　考查定语从句。句意：正如上面所提到的，这些年大学生的人数在不断增加。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰逗号后面的整句话，关系词在从句中作主语，意为“正如，就像”， 应用as引导该从句。which不能位于句首。故填As。注意首字母大写。
43．I would like to take this opportunity to thank Sir Alex Ferguson, the coaching staff and my team mates, without _______ help and support this award would not have been possible.
答案：whose　考查定语从句。句意：我想借此机会感谢Alex Ferguson(亚历克斯·弗格森)教练、教练组成人员以及我的队友们，没有他们的帮助和支持，我不可能赢得这个奖项。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是“Sir Alex Ferguson, the coaching staff and my team mates”，关系词在从句中作“help and support”的定语，与“help and support”之间是所属关系，应用whose引导该从句。故填whose。
44．________ the Chinese men's basketball team won the Asian games in 2018 made the whole nation very excited.
答案：That　考查主语从句。句意：中国男篮在2018年亚运会上夺冠，这让全国人民兴奋不已。设空处引导主语从句，从句中不缺任何成分且句意完整，应用that引导该从句且that不能省略。故填That。注意首字母大写。
45．Health experts have known for years that kids who grow up on a farm have fewer incidences _______ city kids do.
答案：than　考查比较状语从句。句意：几年来健康专家已了解到在农场长大的孩子比在城市长大的孩子发病率低。根据句意可知，此处应用than引导比较状语从句。故填than。
46．Good food, good sleep and no exercise. That's the reason _______ he gained weight.
答案：why　考查定语从句。句意：吃得好，睡得好，不运动，这就是他体重增加的原因。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是“the reason”，关系词在从句中作原因状语，应用why引导该从句。故填why。
47．Since I have little work experience, I will have to take a series of unpaid jobs _______ I could find my ideal one.
答案：before　考查时间状语从句。句意：因为我没有什么工作经验，所以在找到理想的工作之前，我不得不做一些没有报酬的工作。before意为“在……之前”， 引导时间状语从句。故填before。
48．Mary and Jim made an appointment of an interview at 8 on Saturday morning, _______ they would be free.
答案：when　考查定语从句。句意：玛丽和吉姆约好星期六上午8点面试，那时他们都有空。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是“8 on Saturday morning”，表示时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用when 引导该从句。故填when。
49．On Halloween, the grown ups still manage to keep the tradition of dressing up alive, even _______ they are too old to knock on strangers' doors for candy now.
答案：if/though　考查让步状语从句。句意：在万圣节前夕，即使大人们现在已经过了敲陌生人家的门要糖果的年纪，但他们仍设法保留化妆的传统。根据句意可知，此处应用连词even if或even though引导让步状语从句，意为“即使，尽管”。故填if/though。
50．________ there is supply and demand, there is commerce.
答案：Where　考查地点状语从句。句意：哪里有供求，哪里就有商业。where意为“在……的地方”， 引导地点状语从句。故填Where。
51．I can never forget the days _______ we worked together in Medical teams in Africa.
答案：when　考查定语从句。句意：我永远不会忘记我们在非洲医疗队共事的那些日子。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是“days”，表示时间，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，应用when引导该从句。故填when。
52．She felt totally hopeless about the future _______ one day she learned about a charity which provided micro loan for women who start business.
答案：until/till　考查时间状语从句。句意：她对未来失望极了，直到有一天，她了解到一个为创业女性提供小微贷款的慈善机构。until/till意为“直到”，引导时间状语从句。故填until/till。
53．Pop music is such an important part of society _______ it has even influenced our language.
答案：that　考查结果状语从句。句意：流行音乐是社会的重要组成部分，它甚至影响了我们的语言。such ... that ... 意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。故填that。
54．Long ago Hongbao _______ (see)as a means of protecting children from evil spirits.
答案：was seen　考查动词的时态和语态。 句意：很久以前红包就被看作是一种保护孩子的避邪方式。根据句中的Long ago可知，应用一般过去时。又根据语意可知，应用被动语态。故填was seen。
55．The two presidents agree with each other on the whole, but much remains _______ (discuss)at the next meeting.
答案：to be discussed　考查非谓语动词。句意：两位总统大体上达成了一致意见，但是留下了一些问题有待下次会议去讨论。remain后应用不定式，又根据语意可知，应用被动形式。故填to be discussed。
56．—Any danger for the patient _______ (operate)on by Dr Smith
—Hard to say. Doctors are trying their best.
答案：being operating　考查非谓语动词。句意：——正在被Smith医生做手术的那位病人会有危险吗？——很难说，医生们正在竭尽全力。此处应表被动，又根据答语中的时态和语意可知，此处应用进行时，故填过去分词的进行时。故填being operating。
57．One day, the cow was eating grass _______ it began to rain heavily.
答案：when　考查并列句。句意：一天，牛正在吃草的时候，突然下起了大雨。此处为be doing ... when ... 结构，意为“正在……突然……”，此处when为并列连词。故填when。
58．There are as many as five student clubs in our school. You can join _______ interests you most.
答案：whichever　考查宾语从句。句意：我校有5个学生俱乐部。你可以加入最令你感兴趣的任何一个。根据语意可知，此处表示从某范围内进行选择，故应用whichever来引导从句。故填whichever。
59．________ we can have clean drinking water lies in _______ effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution.
答案：Whether; what　考查名词性从句。句意：我们能否拥有洁净的饮用水取决于政府对于水污染采取何种措施。 句中的谓语为lies in，其前为主语从句，其后为宾语从句。根据语意可知，应分别用whether和what来引导。
60．—We should help and learn from each other as a group.
—I can't agree more. _______ you are strong, I am weak.
答案：Where　考查状语从句。句意：——作为一个团队我们应该彼此帮助互相学习。——我十分赞同。你的强项(的地方)，正是我的弱项(所在)。故填Where。

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