资源简介

第一章 动词的时态
英语中表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，需用不同的动词形式表示，这种不同的动词形式称为时态（tense）。英语动词的时态，按动作发生的先后顺序，可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四个时间；按动作发生的方式，又可分为一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式四种类型。每一种时态与每一种类型相结合，组成了英语动词的整个时态体系。现以write为例列表如下：
一般式 完成式 进行式 完成进行式
现在 writewrites havewrittenhas am is writingare havebeen writinghas
过去 wrote had written was writingwere had been writing
将来 shallwritewill shallhave writtenwill shallbe writingwill shallhave been writingwill
过去将来 should writewould shouldhave writtenwould shouldbe writingwould shouldhave been writingwould
Unit 1 一般现在时
导学●探究
1．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的一般现在时谓语动词部分，并认真体会其用法。
1）I play ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.
2）The children go to school at seven every morning.
3）I usually go to school at half past seven.
4）He always sleeps with the windows open.
5）Father always reads newspapers after supper.
6）He works hard.
7）Does he like sports
8）She loves music.
9）She is our English teacher.
10）We are from the USA.
2．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的一般现在时谓语动词部分，并认真体会其用法。
1）The sun rises in the east.
2）Actions speak louder than words.
3）Water boils at 100℃.
4）The earth travels round the sun.
5）Galileo insisted that the earth goes around the sun.
3．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的一般现在时谓语动词部分，并认真体会其用法。
1）The train starts at 10 o' clock in the morning.
2）Supper is at 5 today.
3）The summer holidays begin next week.
4．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的一般现在时谓语动词部分，并认真体会其用法。
1）The volleyball match will be put off if it rains.
2）The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as he arrives.
3）I'll begin the dictation when you are ready.
4）When they leave school, they will go to college.
总结●归纳一
1．一般现在时的意义和构成：
2．一般现在时的用法：
一般现在时的动词形式 主要用法 注意事项和举例
Unit 2 一般过去时
导学●探究
1．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的一般过去时谓语动词部分，并认真体会其用法。
1）She suddenly fell ill yesterday.
2）I got up at 6 o’clock yesterday.
3）We invited them to our party but they decided not to come.
4）The police stopped me on my way home last night.
5）She passed her examination because she studied very hard.
6）We saw Rose in town a few days ago.
７）I went to the cinema three times last week.
８）It was cold, so I shut the window.
９）─ Did you go out last night
　　─ Yes, I went to the cinema but I didn't enjoy the film much.
10）When did Mr. Tomas die
11）They didn't invite her to the party, so she didn't go.
12）─ Did you have time to write the letter
─ No, I didn't.
13）I was angry because they were late.
14）Was the weather good when you were on holiday
15）They weren't able to come because they were so busy.
16）Did you go out last night or were you too tired
17）Tom didn't come to class yesterday.
18）He always went to work by bus last year.
2．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的一般过去时谓语动词部分，并认真体会其用法。
1）When she was in Shanghai, she often came to see me.
2）He played volleyball at school.
3）When I was in the countryside, I often called on my old friends there.
4）I went to the cinema once a week when I was at school.
5）When I stayed at Aunt Liu's, she would tell me about the great changes which had taken place in the village since liberation.
6）She used to go for a walk after supper, but now she prefers to stay at home.
3．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的一般过去时谓语动词部分，并认真体会其用法。
1）They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.
2）He promised that when he went to the bookstore, he would buy me a book.
3）He said he would not go if it rained.
4）They told us that they would not leave until she came back.
4．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的一般过去时谓语动词部分，并认真体会其用法。
1）If only I had a better memory.
2）If it snowed tomorrow, the match would be put off.
3）If I were you I wouldn’t go with him.
4）It’s time you went to school.
5）I would rather you stayed at home.
总结●归纳二
1．一般过去时的意义和构成：
2．一般过去时的用法：
一般过去时的用法 基本内容 注意事项及举例
Unit 3 现在进行时
导学●探究
1．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的现在进行时谓语动词部分，并认真体会其用法。
1）I am looking for a pair of black shoes.
2）He is picking the apples on that tree.
3）They are working in a factory these days.
4）─What are you doing here
─I'm doing some washing.
5）The foreigners are visiting Beijing this week.
6）It's raining hard.
7) Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly.
8）He is writing a novel now.
9）He is learning English at college.
2．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的现在进行时谓语动词部分，并认真体会其用法。
1）He is coming to see you tomorrow.
2）His sister is leaving for Hong Kong tomorrow.
3）They're flying to Beijing tomorrow.
3．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的现在进行时谓语动词部分，并认真体会其用法。
1）He is constantly leaving his things about.（表责怪）
2）She is always changing her clothes.（表责怪）
3）He is always working hard.（表赞赏）
4）They’re forever quarrelling about something. (不满)
4．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的现在进行时谓语动词部分，并认真体会其用法。
1）I’m wondering if I may come a little late.
2）I’m hoping you’ll give us some suggestions.
3）You are sitting over there.
4）Don’t stand still. You are helping her a little.
总结●归纳三
现在进行时的意义和构成：
2. 现在进行时用法:
现在进行时用法 主要内容 举例
一般用法
表示将来的动作的 现在进行时
表达褒贬等感彩的现在进行时
表示委婉命令语气的现在进行时
Unit 4 过去进行时
导学●探究
1．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的过去进行时谓语动词部分，并认真体会其用法。
1）I first met Lisa three years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time.
2）The last time I saw Jane, she was picking cotton in the fields.
3）Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking.
4）It was raining at 6 o'clock this morning.
5）I was drawing a horse when the teacher came in.
6）They were building a dam last winter.
7）I was living in my teacher's house when I was in middle school.
8）─ Hey, look where you are going
─ Oh, I'm terribly sorry. I wasn’t noticing．
9）It was raining when we left school.
10）What were you doing when I phoned you last night
11）The reporter said that the UFO was travelling east to west when he saw it.
12）I don't think Jim saw me; he was just staring into space.
13）This time last year I was living in Brazil.
14）What were you doing at 10 o'clock last night
15）I waved to her but she wasn't looking.
2．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的过去进行时谓语动词部分，并认真体会其用法。
1）They wanted to know when we were leaving for Shanghai.
2）She asked me whether he was starting the next day.
3）He said the plane was arriving(=would arrive)soon.
4）He was leaving the following day.
3．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的过去进行时谓语动词部分，并认真体会其用法。
1）It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. A young woman suddenly appeared on the river bank.
2）Mary was making a dress when she cut her finger.
3）He was just falling asleep when there was a loud knock at the door.
4．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的过去进行时谓语动词部分，并认真体会其用法。
1）He was always trying out new ideas.
2）He was forever complaining about something.
5．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的过去进行时谓语动词部分，并认真体会其用法。
1）─ Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favor
─ Of course. What is it
─ I was wondering if you could tell me how to fill out this form.
2）─ What were you wanting
─ I was hoping you would help me with the work.
总结●归纳四
过去进行时的意义和构成
2．过去进行时的用法
过去进行时的用法 主要内容 举例
一般用法
代替过去将来时
用来描写故事发生的背景
表达褒贬等感彩
过去进行时表示婉转的语气
3. 朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的一般过去时与过去进行时部分，并认真体会其用法区别。
1） Mary wrote a letter to her friend last night.
　Mary was writing a letter to her friend last night.
2） We built a bridge last winter.
　We were building a bridge last winter.
区别：
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Unit 5 一般将来时
导学●探究
1．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的一般将来时谓语动词部分，并认真体会其用法。
1）We shall leave for London next Monday.
2）He will come to see you the day after tomorrow.
3）You will be 20 next year.
4）─You've left the light on.
─ Oh , so I have. I'll go and turn it off.
5）He will help his sister with her lessons.
6）We won't be free this afternoon.
7）The students will have five English classes per week this term.
8）─ What would you like to drink
─ I'll have an orange juice, please.
9）─ Did you phone Ruth
─ Oh no. I forgot. I'll phone her now.
2．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的一般将来时谓语动词部分，并认真体会其用法。
1）What are you going to do next Sunday
2）They are going to meet outside the school gate.
3）I think I'm going to die.
4）Look at the cloud. It’s going to rain.
5）The ice is going to break.
6）The question is going to be very complex.
7）The voters aren’t going to like him.
8）Where are they going to hold the English Party
3．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的一般将来时谓语动词部分，并认真体会其用法。
1）I'm leaving for Tibet on Sunday.
2）When are you going back to your factory
3）He is not coming to the meeting.
4．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的一般将来时谓语动词部分，并认真体会其用法。
1）The English evening is about to start.
2）They are about to set out.
3）The ship is about to sail.
4）He is about to come out. Please wait a moment.
5．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的一般将来时谓语动词部分，并认真体会其用法。
1）There's to be a slide show this afternoon.
2）You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock.
3）If a man is to succeed, he must work as hard as he can.
6．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的一般将来时谓语动词部分，并认真体会其用法。
1）The plane takes off at 8 o'clock in the morning.
2）Classes begin at 8 o’clock.
7．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的一般将来时谓语动词部分，并认真体会其用法。
1) Will you please be quiet I’m trying to concentrate. (请求对方：你/你们干……好吗？)
2) Will you shut the window, please It’s so cold here.
3) I’ve tried to advise her but she won’t listen.（某人/ 某物拒绝做……）
4) The car won’t start. I wonder what’s wrong with it.
5) Shall I shut the window It’s so cold here. (请求对方：我/我们干……好吗？)
6) ─ Shall we go right now
─ Just a minute. I’m not ready yet.
总结●归纳五
1.一般将来时的意义及构成
____________________________________________________________________________
2.一般将来时的用法
一般将来时的主要形式 主要用法 举例
3．be going to 和will的区别
1）
2）
3）
Unit 6　过去将来时
导学●探究
1．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的过去将来时谓语动词部分（would/should+v），并认真体会其用法。
1）We were all surprised when he made it clear that he would leave office soon.
2）At that time I knew we should succeed.
3）I thought they would come to help me.
4）He said he would wait for us at the bus stop.
5）She hoped that they would meet again someday.
6）They said it would be fine.
7）He said he would come.
8）My brother told me he would be back on Saturday.
9）I rang up to tell my father that I should leave for London.
10）He would sit for hours doing nothing.
2．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的过去将来时谓语动词部分（be going to + v），并认真体会其用法。
1）He was going to start work the following week.
2）He said he was going to visit China the next week.
3）He was going to come last night, but it rained.
4）I thought the film was going to be interesting.
5）─ Alice, why didn't you come yesterday
─ I was going to, but I had an unexpected visitor.
3．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的过去将来时谓语动词部分（be to + v），并认真体会其用法。
1）He said he was to meet his girlfriend at the station at 4p.m.
2）These first words were to change my world.
3）At that time he did not know that quitting the job was to become the turning point in his life.
4）She said she was to take up the position.
5）She said she was to have taken up the position.
4．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的过去将来时谓语动词部分(be about to + v)，并认真体会其用法。
1）I felt that something terrible was about to happen.
2）The meeting was about to be held the following day.
3）We were about to go there when it began to rain.
5．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的过去将来时谓语动词部分(be + doing)，并认真体会其用法。
1）─ What were you doing when he came to see you
─ I had just put on my overcoat and was leaving to visit a friend of mine.
2）I didn't know you were coming.
3）He hurried into the carriage. The train was leaving in a few minutes.
总结●归纳六
1．过去将来时的意义及构成
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2．过去将来时的用法
过去将来时的主要形式 主要内容 注意事项及举例
Unit 7 现在完成时
导学●探究
1．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的现在完成时谓语动词部分，并认真体会其用法。
1）She has already come.
2）I have met him before.
3）So far , no man has travelled farther than the moon.
4）It has been hot this summer.
5）I have written two letters this morning.
6）He has been away from here for three years.
7）He left here three years ago.
8）It is three years since he left here.
9）He has been to the Great Wall.
10）He has gone to the Great Wall.
11）I wonder why Jenny hasn’t written us recently. We should have heard from her by now.
12）The price has gone down, but I doubt whether it will remain so.
13）─ How are you today
─ Oh, I haven't felt as ill as I do now for a very long time.
14）─ Have you seen my glasses
─ Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago.
15）When I was at college I spoke three foreign languages, but I have forgotten all except a few words of each.
16）I have already posted the photos.
17）I have just finished my work.
18）─ Have you had your lunch yet
─ Yes , I have .(I've just had it.)
2．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的现在完成时谓语动词部分，并认真体会其用法。
1）You don't need to describe her. I have met her several times.
2）─ I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
─ Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.
3）They have lived here since 1989.
4）I haven't seen her these days.
5）I've drunk four cups of coffee today.
6）Have you had a holiday this year (yet)
7）I haven't seen Tom this morning. Have you
8）Ron hasn't worked very hard this term.
3．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的现在完成时谓语动词部分，并认真体会其用法。
1）He has been late for class every morning this week.
2）Eight times he has tried and eight times he has failed.
3）My father has always gone to work by bike.
4．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的现在完成时谓语动词部分，并认真体会其用法。
1）He will be back before I have finished my work.
2）We will set off if it has stopped raining.
5．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的现在完成时谓语动词部分，并认真体会其用法。
1）This is a lovely meal. It's the first good meal I've had for ages.
2）─ Do you know our town at all
─ No, this is the first time I have been here.
4）It's the first time I've been here.
5）It'll be the first time I've spoken in public.
6）This is the best film I’ve ever seen.
7）This is the most interesting novel he has ever written.
6．朗读并翻译下列例句，比较现在完成时和一般过去时。
1） I have seen the film.
I saw the film last week.
2） He has lived here since 1972.
He lived here in 1972.
总结●归纳七
1．现在完成时的意义和构成
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
现在完成时由“助动词have/has+过去分词”构成。其肯定、否定疑问形式如下：
肯定式 否定式 疑问式
注意：have not常简略为 _______, has not简略为_______.
2．现在完成时的用法
现在完成时的用法 主要内容 注意事项和举例
3．现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
1）
2）
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Unit 8 过去完成时
导学●探究
1．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的过去完成时谓语动词部分，并认真体会其用法。
1）His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the magazine he had long expected.
2）Helen had left her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband came home.
3）When we got to the cinema, the film had already begun.
4）He told me that he had visited the Great Wall before.
5）When Jack arrived he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour.
2．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的过去完成时谓语动词部分，并认真体会其用法。
1）By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself.
2）We had learnt 30 lessons by the end of last month.
3）By the end of the match, they had kicked 2 goals, and we had kicked 4 .
4）The news came as no surprise to me. I had known for some time that the factory was going to shut down.
5）By the time I left the school, he had taught the class for 3 years.
6）They asked me to have a drink with them and said it was at least ten years since I had enjoyed a good drink.
7）He said he had made great progress since he came here.
3．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的过去完成时谓语动词部分，并认真体会其用法。
1）If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.
2）I should have called you if I had known your telephone number.
3）He described the scene as if he had been there.
4）Had I known that you wanted the book , I would have sent it.
4．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的过去完成时谓语动词部分，并认真体会其用法。
1）My friend told me that he had passed the exam.
2）He asked me whether I had seen the film the night before.
3）She wondered who had left the door open.
4）He said we hadn’t seen each other since I left Beijing.
5．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的过去完成时谓语动词部分，并认真体会其用法。
1）I had intended to call on you yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.
2）We had meant to tell her the news but found that she wasn’t in.
6．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的过去完成时谓语动词部分，并认真体会其用法。
1）This was the first time they had met in thirty-nine years.
2）It was the first time we had spoken together. =She hardly had gone to bed when the bell rang.
3）No sooner had they left the building than a bomb exploded.
总结●归纳八
1．过去完成时的意义和构成
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
肯定式 否定式 疑问式
注意：had not 常简略为_______。
2．过去完成时的用法
过去完成时的用法 主要内容 注意事项及举例
总结●归纳要点提示
总结●归纳一
1．一般现在时的意义和构成：
一般现在时表示现在经常发生的动作或存在的状态，还可表示主语的性格、特征、能力等。常与usually, always, every day, twice a week, seldom, sometimes等时间状语连用。一般现在时常以动词原形表示，但当主语是第三人称单数时，应用动词的第三人称单数形式。其疑问与否定要用助动词do或does。
2．一般现在时的用法：
一般现在时的动词形式 主要用法 注意事项和举例
do/doesam/is/are ①表示现在经常发生的动作或存在的状态，还可表示主语的性格、特征、能力等。 He is a Professor from Beijing University.I usually go to school at half past seven.
②一般现在时表示客观事实或普遍真理，也用在格言中。注意：主句中的谓语动词是过去时态，但宾语从句中如果所说的是客观真理，它的谓语动词仍用一般现在时。 The sun rises in the east.The teacher said that light travels faster than sound.
③一般现在时表示按规定、计画或时间表将要发生的事，通常限于表示运动的动词，如go，come，leave，start，begin，arrive，take off等，其后常跟有表示将来的时间状语。在这种情况下，一般现在时的意义和一般将来时相同。 The train starts at 10 o' clock in the morning.My plane takes off at 4:10.
④一般现在时在时间、条件、比较等状语从句中表示将来的动作。但应注意， 主句的谓语动词必须用一般将来时。从句一般由when, if, after, before, as, as soon as, the minute, the next time, in case, though, till, until, unless, so long as, where, whatever, whenever等引导。 The volleyball match will be put off if it rains.I’ll give the money to her the moment I see her.
总结●归纳二
1．一般过去时的意义和构成：
一般过去时表示过去某个特定时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，由规则动词词尾加-ed或-d或不规则动词的过去时表示，除be外，其余动词没有人称和数的变化。各种动词的否定结构和一般疑问结构由助动词did来构成。常有明确的时间状语，如yesterday，last night, some years ago，in1890等，以及由when等引导的时间状语从句。
2．一般过去时的用法
一般过去时的用法 基本内容 注意事项及举例
基本用法 表示过去某个特定时间内发生的动作或存在的状态 They bought some books yesterday.
表示过去习惯 一般过去时表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作，常与often，usually，seldom等表示频度的副词连用。注意：表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，还可用used to 或would加动词原形表示。 When she was in Shanghai, she often came to see me.
用来代替过去将来时 一般过去时在条件、时间状语从句中，常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。 He promised that when he went to the bookstore, he would buy me a book.
表虚拟语气 一般过去时在虚假条件句中或某些特定的句型，表示现在或将来的非真实、主观意图或愿望。 It’s time you went to school.
总结●归纳三
现在进行时的意义和构成：现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作，现在进行时由助动词am/is/are + 动词的现在分词构成。
2．现在进行时用法:
现在进行时用法 主要内容 举例
一般用法 现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作，它不涉及该动作的发生和结果，译成汉语“正在”，这一用法常和表示此刻的时间状语连用，如now, at this time, at present，at the moment等。现在进行时还可以表示现阶段但并非眼下正在进行着的动作，这种动作常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，如these days , this week等。 I am cooking in the kitchen.He is writing a book these days.
表示将来的动作的现在进行时 现在进行时表示某个按最近的计划或安排将要进行的动作，或即将开始或进行的动作。常用的这类词go, come, leave, stay, start, arrive, land, meet, move, return, stay, stop, do, dine等，通常要与表示将来的时间状语连用，以区别此刻正在进行的动作。 They are leaving for Canada next week.
表达褒贬等感彩的现在进行时 现在进行时和always ,forever, continually, constantly, instantly, continuously等频度副词连用，表示经常、反复发生的动作，不强调动作的进行性。表达厌烦、愤怒、抱怨、赞扬等情感。 He is always scolding me.
表示委婉命令语气的现在进行时 wonder, hope, think 等表示心理的动词用于进行时可以表示婉转的语气。还可表示较为温和的命令。 I’m wondering whether you can lend me some money.
3. 现在进行时和一般现在时的区别：
现在进行时强调动作在现在或现阶段正在发生，如：
He is making a telephone call to his teacher. （他现在正在给老师打电话。）
The writer is writing another novel these days.（写小说是他这一阶段正在做的事情。）
而一般现在时强调经常发生的动作或存在的状态。如：
He often makes telephone calls to his teacher. （他经常给老师打电话。）
The writer writes stories for children.（这位作家为孩子们写故事。）
总结●归纳四
1.过去进行时的意义和构成
过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作。构成过去进行时常由“助动词be的过去时was/were+现在分词”构成。was not常简写为wasn’t, were not简略为weren’t。
2．过去进行时的用法
过去进行时的用法 主要内容 注意事项及举例
一般用法 过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。动作发生的特定时间常用一个短语或时间状语从句来表明。或表示在过去某段时间正在进行的动作。 They were dancing in the park this time yesterday.
代替过去将来时 come, go ,leave, start, stay, arrive等表示位置转移的动词，用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。 When he came in, I was going out.
用来描写故事发生的背景 过去进行时在口语或记叙文中，可以用过去进行时表示的持续动作作为背景，以此引出由一般过去时表示的新动作。 It was quite dark and the wind was blowing hard.
表达褒贬等感彩 过去进行时也可以和always，constantly，continually，forever等词连用，表示说话人的主观感情，如赞扬、不满、厌烦等。 He was continually asking such silly questions.
过去进行时表示婉转的语气 wonder, hope, think，want 等表示心理的动词用于进行时可以表示婉转的语气。 When he came over to me I was thinking to how to ask him for help.
3．一般过去时与过去进行时用法区别
一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态（强调一次性动作）；而过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作（强调反复的动作）。
1) Mary wrote a letter to her friend last night.玛丽昨晚给她的朋友写了封信。（写完了）
Mary was writing a letter to her friend last night.玛丽昨晚一直在给她的朋友写信。（不一定写完）
2) We built a bridge last winter.去年冬天我们修了一座桥。（建成了）
We were building a bridge last winter.去年冬于我们在修一座桥。（一直在修，不涉及结果）
As she was reading the newspaper, Granny fell asleep.奶奶读报时睡着了。
小提示：
有些动词（如，know/want/believe)一般不能用进行时的形式，如：
We were good friends. We knew each other well. (不用we were knowing)
I was enjoying the party but Chris wanted to go home. (不用was wanting)
总结●归纳五
1.一般将来时的意义及构成
一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, next week, next year等。一般将来时由“助动词will（第二、三人称）/shall（第一人称）+动词原形”构成。
一般将来时的用法 主要内容 注意事项及举例
Will/shall+动词原形 表示未来的动作或状态，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, next Sunday, soon, in a month, in the future等。 We shall go and work in this factory every year.Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge It will stay fresh for several days.
be going to+动词原形 表示打算、计画、决定要做的事或有迹象表明即将发生的动作或状态。 They are going to meet outside the school gate.
be + 动词的-ing形式 表示按计画、安排即将发生的动作，这一结构常用于表示位置转移的动词，如come , go , leave, start等。 He is leaving for Paris next week.
be about to+动词原形 表示打算或据安排即将发生的动作。它不与表示时间的副词或其他时间状语连用。 I’m about to hand in my composition.
be to+动词原形 表示按计画、安排即将发生的动作 Two of you are to clean the classroom.
一般现在时 表示安排或计画好的将来的动作。这一结构常用于表示位置转移的动词，如come, go, leave, start等。 The train from Dalian arrives at 11:05.
Shall I / we do…？Will you do… Won’t+动词原形 Shall 和will用于客气地征求对方意见：我/我们做……行吗？你/ 你们做……行吗好吗？Won’t 可用于表示人或物拒绝做某事。 It’s hot here. Shall I open the window
2．be going to 和will的区别
1）will表示说话人认为、相信、希望或假定要发生的事，不含任何具体的时间，可以指遥远的将来；
“be going to+动词原形”结构表示打算、计划、决定要做的事或肯定要发生的事；还可表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象，认为某事即将发生、肯定会发生或可能出现的情况；表示“肯定、预测，注定会”，可以和“think, hope, want, believe, like”等表示静态的动词连用。
He will get better.他的病会好的。（即认为最终会恢复健康，而不是马上恢复）
He is gong to get better.他的病就会好了。(指有恢复的迹象)
2）be gong to 和will均可表示意图，但事先考虑过的意图用be going to，不是事先考虑过的意图用will。
① —Why have you torn the paper into pieces
—I am going to rewrite it.
② —Is it really a big stone
—I will help you to move it.
③ I'll go and shut the door.
④ He will go his own way.他一意孤行。
⑤ I won't do so.我不愿这样做。
3）be going to可以用在条件状语从句中表示将来，而will不能。
① If you are going to attend the meeting, you’d better leave now.
② If you are going to accept the job, start to work now.
总结●归纳六
1．过去将来时的意义及构成
过去将来时是对于过去某一时间点而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时一般由 “助动词would(第二、三人称)/should(第一人称)+动词原形”构成。不论什么人称，美国英语皆可用would。
2．过去将来时的用法
过去将来时的用法 主要内容 注意事项及举例
would/ should + 动词原形 1．过去将来时是对于过去某一时间点而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于宾语从句中。2．表示过去的某种习惯行为。 He promised that he would come to see me the next weekend.
was/were going to+动词原形 1．表示过去的打算和意图；2．表示没有实现的打算和意图。 I thought the film was going to be interesting.
was/were to+动词原形 通常指过去的计划安排或注定要发生的事情。如果计画的动作没有实现，要用动词的完成式。 He didn’t realize that his life was to change completely.
was/were about to＋动词原形 表示过去即将发生的事。 We were about to go there when it began to rain.
过去进行时表示过去将来 表示位置转移的动词 (如go，come，leave，start等)的过去进行时，表示按照过去的计划安排将在过去将来发生的事情。 I didn't know that they were coming.
总结●归纳七
1．现在完成时的意义和构成
现在完成时表示过去发生的对现在有影响的动作或表示过去某时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。
现在完成时由“助动词have/has+过去分词”构成。其肯定式、否定式和疑问形式如下：
肯定式 否定式 疑问式
I (We, You, They) have read it. I(We,You,They)have not read it. Have you (they, we, I) read it
He(She)has read it. He (She) has not read it. Has he (she) read it
注意：have not常简略为haven't, has not简略为hasn't.
2．现在完成时的用法
现在完成时的用法 主要内容 注意事项和举例
表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束 当现在完成时表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束时，通常使用不具有延续意义的动词，如： arrive, become, begin, break等。这种用法可带有迄今意义的时间状语，如up to now, so far, already, not...yet等。也可带有包括现在时间在内的时间状语，如now, recently, in the past few years, just等。 教师提示：现在完成时不能和明确表示过去的时间状语(如yesterday, last week, in 1976, two days ago, just now等)连用，但可以和下列不确定的时间状语连用，如never, ever, always, yet, already, before, just, lately, so far, recently等。He has lost his keys.
表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态，也许还将继续下去。 现在完成时表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态，也许还将继续下去。这种用法通常用于具有延续意义的动词，如live, stay, work等，并带有表示时间段的状语或迄今意义的时间的状语，如for, since等。注意：表示短暂的动作动词或状态动词不能用于这种用法，如arrive, come, go, leave等。 教师提示：现在完成时还可以和表示从过去某时刻延续到现在 (包括现在在内)的时间状语连用。如today，this year，these days，this morning等。They have painted the wall this morning.I've met a lot of people in the last few days.
表示到现在为止的一段时间内重复发生的动作。 现在完成时表示到现在为止的一段时间内重复发生的动作。常与often, always 等连用。 He has often gone to play computer games without permission.
表示将来要完成的动作 现在完成时用于时间、条件状语从句中，表示将来要完成的动作。 We’ll go to the concert when the rain has stopped.
用在“It is the first/second/third…time+that从句”中 用在“It(This) is(will be ) the first/second/third…time+ that从句”或“It (This)is the best( worst, most interesting等) + 名词+从句”结构中，当主句动词为is/will be时，that从句的动词用现在完成时，that 可以省略。主句中的主语还可用this, this evening等; 这种结构中的first也可用其他序数词；time也可由其他名词替代。 It's the first time he has driven a car.
3．现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时与一般过去时都表示完成的动作，但现在完成时强调这一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in1990等。而一般过去时则表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。
1） I have seen the film.我看过这部电影。（我了解这部电影的内容）
I saw the film last week.我上星期看了这个电影。（只说明上星期看了这个电影，不涉及现在的情况）
2） He has lived here since 1972.1972年以来他一直住在这里。（他现在还住在这里）
He lived here in 1972.1972年他们住在这里。（不涉及到现在是否还住在这里）
4. for 和since的区别：
For后面经常有表示一段时间的短语；而since后面接从句或表示时间点的短语。如：
1) He has been here for about half an hour.
2) He has been here since I came back.
3) He has been here since 3 o”clock.
5．have/ has been to 和have/ has gone to 的区别：
have/ has been to 表示去过某个地方，是一种经历；而have/ has gone to表示去了某处，现在人不在这里。
1) I have been to GuiLin twice. (我去过桂林两次。)
2) He has gone to the library. (他去图书馆了。)
总结●归纳八
1．过去完成时的意义和构成
过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。表示过去某一时间可用by, before等构成的短语，也可用when, before等引导的从句或通过上下文表示。过去完成时由“助动词had+过去分词”构成。其否定式、肯定式、疑问式如下表：
肯定式 否定式 疑问式
I(we)You had read it.He(She, They) I(We)You had not read it He(She ,They) you Had they read it he
注意：had not 常简略为hadn't。
2．过去完成时的用法
过去完成时的用法 主要内容 注意事项及举例
① 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的动作。 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的时间状语有by, before等介词短语或when, before等引导的从句。 I had learned 5000 English words before I went to university.
② 表示由过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的动作。 表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到过去的这一时间，而且还可能继续下去的动作，常和for, since构成的短语或引导的从句连用。 Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.
③ 用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句中。 用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句或as if从句中表示与过去事实相反。 If I had known his telephone number, I would have told him the news.
④ 用在间接引语或宾语从句中。 用于said，told，asked，thought，wondered等动词的过去时后面，表示在这些动作发生之前已经发生了的事情。 He said he had been to the Temple of Heaven many times.
⑤ 表示本来打算做而没有做的事。 intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等动词的过去完成时可以表示本来打算做而没有做的事，这种结构也可以表示过去未曾实现的设想、意图或希望等，含有某种惋惜。 I had intended to finish the work earlier, but something unexpected happened.
⑥ 用于某些结构中 用在 "It was the first/second/third…time that…”句型中或“Hardly/Scarcely/ Barely … when, No sooner… than等副词的句子里。要用过去完成时。 Hardly had he gone into the room when the telephone rang.
第二章 动词的被动语态
Unit 15 谓语动词的语态
导学·探究
1. 朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中动词的语态部分，并认真体会其用法。
1）She typed a letter.
→A letter was typed by her.
2）Granny takes care of the girl.
→The girl is taken care of by Granny.
3）A thief stole some TV sets for sale in the department store last night.
→Some TV sets for sale in the department store were stolen last night.
4) A lot of money was stolen yesterday.
5) Is that room cleaned every day
总结·归纳一
1. 通过对本单元的学习，你知道英语的动词可分为几种语态？2. 什么时候用被动语态？3. 如何将主动语态变为被动语态？
Unit 16 十大时态的被动语态
导学·探究
1.朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中动词的被动语态部分，并认真体会其用法。
1) That house was built in 1935.
2) One hundred people are employed by the company.
3) Those houses were built by my father.
4) The work wasn’t done by me.
5) I'm not often invited to parties.
6) I am requested not to touch the exhibits.
7) The store is run by the trade union.
2. 朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中动词的被动语态部分，并认真体会其用法。
1）The life of the milu is being studied there.
2) The buildings are being built now.
3) The project is being carried out.
4) The case was being investigated then.
5) I always feel nervous when I am being watched.
6) Those factories were being rebuilt then.
7) There was somebody walking behind us. We were being followed.
3. 朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中动词的被动语态部分，并认真体会其用法。
1) She/He won’t be allowed by his father to marry Alice.
2) I won’t/shan’t be asked to join in the game.
3) We shall/will not be invited to his birthday party tomorrow.
4) They would be sent to the army when they finished the training.
5) His boss told him he wouldn’t be employed by his company the next year.
6) My teacher told me I would be invited to the lecture.
7) A new supermarket is going to be/is to be built next year.
8) The meeting is about to be held when the chairman arrives.
4．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中动词的被动语态部分，并认真体会其用法。
1) This book has been translated into several languages.
2) The mistakes in your composition have been corrected.
3) They said that production costs had been reduced.
4) By the time he came, the problem had been settled.
5) In the past ten years my hometown has been rebuilt.
6) He had been invited to teach at a university there.
7) Have you ever been bitten by a dog
8) The car was three years old but hadn't been used very much.
9) Have you been elected captain of your football team
10）They will have been cured by the end of this month.
11) The patients had been cured by the end of last year.
12) We will\shall have been examined by the doctor by the time our teacher comes.
13）My brother told me his book would have been published by the end of that month.
总结·归纳二
1. 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态结构是什么？2. 现在进行时和过去进行时的被动语态结构是什么？3. 一般将来时和过去将来时的被动语态结构是什么？4. 现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、过去将来完成时的被动语态结构是什么？
总结·归纳三
通过Unit16的学习，以see的被动语态为例完成下列表格：
时\式 一般式 进行式 完成式
现在时
过去时
将来时
过去将来时
总结·归纳要点提示
总结·归纳一
英语的动词可分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。主动语态和被动语态可以相互转化。
被动语态表示句子的主语是动作的承受者，也就是动作的对象，一般说来只有及物动词才有被动语态。当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。为了强调动作的承受者时或出于策略、委婉、礼貌等不提出动作的执行者时，我们使用被动语态。
把主动句中的宾语变为被动结构的主语（如果是人称代词，宾格变为主格）；把主动句中的谓语变为被动结构的be+过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致；主动句中的主语变为by介词短语（如果是人称代，主格变为宾格），有时介词短语可省去。
总结·归纳二
十大时态的被动语态
1．一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态结构是什么？am/is are done 和was/were done
2．现在进行时和过去时进行时的被动语态结构是什么？am/is are being done 和was/were being done
3．一般将来时和过去将来时的被动语态结构是什么？will/would be done
4．现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、过去将来完成时的被动语态结构是什么？has/have been done ,had been done, shall\will have been done, would have been done.
总结·归纳三
通过Unit16的学习，以see的被动语态为例完成下列表格：
时\式 一般式 进行式 完成式
现在时 am is seenare amis being seenare has been seenhave
过去时 was seenwere was being seenwere had been seen
将来时 shallbe seenwill Shallhave been seenwill
过去将来时 would be seen Would have been seen
小提示:
若主语为第一人称可用shall代替will; be going to/be about to/be to有时可代替will.
第三章 简单句的五种基本句型
英语句子按结构分为简单句、并列句、复合句，其中简单句是基础。简单句按结构
有以下五种基本句型：
1．主语+连系动词+表语
2．主语+不及物动词
3．主语+及物动词+宾语
4．主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
5．主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语
Unit 26 主语＋连系动词＋表语
导学●探究
1．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的连系动词和表语部分，并认真体会其用法。
1) This machine is in good condition.
2) All these dictionaries are of great help to me.
3) The trouble is how to get in touch with the airport.
4) They all remained silent at the meeting.
5) Doing morning exercise keeps us health.
6) Everything in the room remained untouched.
7) He proved to be honest.
8) The weather turned out to be fine.
9) My father continues in good health.
10) He stayed single all his life.
2．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的连系动词和表语部分，并认真体会其用法。
1) He doesn't look very well.
2) It tastes very good.
3) The food smells delicious.
4) Your hand feels cold.
5) What he said sounded very reasonable.
6) But he seemed rather tired last night.
7) Everybody appears (to be) well prepared.
8) Ann felt very tired after walking for two hours.
9) The farm looks like a large beautiful garden.
3．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的连系动词和表语部分，并认真体会其用法。
1) He became very interested in science.
2) Our dreams have at last come true.
3) The city has grown twice as large as it was before.
4) All the children have fallen asleep.
5) The weather gets warmer and days get longer.
6) The trees turn green.
7) Fish soon goes bad in hot weather.
8) John’s dream came true at last.
总结●归纳一
连系动词的种类
种类 常见的连系动词
表示（ ）的连系动词
表示（ ）的连系动词
表示（ ）的连系动词
Unit 27 主语＋不及物动词
导学●探究
1．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的动词并认真体会其用法。
1) The students arrived.
2) They are listening.
3) The water is boiling.
4) They have been waiting there for hours.
5) The train will leave soon.
2．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的动词和状语部分，并认真体会其用法。
1) Tom often works hard on the farm.
2) It rained heavily in Beijing yesterday.
3) I sometimes go to see my grandfather on Sunday.
4) They were laughing when the teacher came.
5) The flags are waving in the wind.
6) Everybody is now working very hard.
7) They didn't come because of the rain.
8) We talked face to face.
9) She is working as a tourist guide.
10) He behaves as if he were the boss.
总结●归纳二
1.这个句型也可发展成为_________________________：
2.
状语 位置 举例
副词
介词
短语
不定式
Unit 28 主语＋及物动词＋宾语
导学●探究
1．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的及物动词和宾语部分，并认真体会其用法。
1) The children are watching TV.
2) They often study English.
3) He never played football in the park last year.
4) I met the teacher in the street yesterday.
5) We've known each other before.
2．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中动词词组和宾语部分，并认真体会其用法。
1) I am listening to the radio.
2) He is looking for her.
3．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的及物动词和宾语部分，并认真体会其用法。
1) I hope/wish to go there at once.
2) Jim wants to see a doctor.
3）It was late, so we decided to take a taxi home.
4) Simon was in a difficult situation, so I agreed to lend him some money.
5) How old were you when you learnt to drive
6) He offered to help me carry the box.
7) The girl refused to listen to her parents.
8) It started to rain early in the morning.
9) Please remember to bring your dictionary here.
10) Do you like to go to the cinema with me
11) I planned to take my vacation in London.
12) I have arranged to meet him at noon.
13) Everybody desires to live long.
14) Mary aimed to pass all the examinations.
15) Don’t forget to finish your homework first.
16) Would you care to go to the movie
17) She chose to stay at home.
18) I hate to see that sometimes the reality is just opposite to my wishes.
19) He pretended to be reading when his mother came in.
20) I’d prefer to do it by myself.
21) We can’t afford to have a car.
22) I mean to give your some more reading materials.
23) He failed to find his teacher’s house.
24) I can manage to send the letter to him.
25) You’d better try to solve the problem in ten minutes.
26) I intend to major English in collage.
27) They continued to carry out the experiment in the lab.
28) The winds threatened to blow my tent away.
29) Please begin to discuss the question with your partner.
30) Haven’t you promised to help me with my English
31) I wouldn't dare to tell him the truth.
32) You need to be more careful next time.
● 不定式的否定式not to...
We decided not to go out because of the weather.
● 不定式的进行式 to be doing
I pretended to be reading the newspaper.
● 不定式的完成式 to have done
You seem to have lost weight.
4．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的及物动词和宾语部分，并认真体会其用法。
1) We asked how to get to the station.
2) Have you decided where to go for your holidays
3) I don’t know whether to apply for the job or not.
4) Do you understand what to do
5) Can somebody show me how to change the film in this camera
6) Ask Jack. He’ll tell you what to do.
7) Do you know how to get to John's house
8) Can you show me how to use this washing machine
5．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的及物动词和宾语部分，并认真体会其用法。
1) I enjoy dancing.
2) Would you mind closing the door
3) I suggested/ advised going to the cinema.
4）Suddenly everybody stopped talking. There was silence.
5）I’ll go shopping when I’ve finished cleaning the flat.
6) He tried to avoid answering my question.
7) I don't fancy going out this evening.
8) Have you ever considered going to have to get up early
9) Can you imagine these fat men climbing up such a high mountain
10) The animals require looking after carefully.
11) I couldn’t avoid introducing her to you.
12) Please excuse my coming late.
13) He practices playing the piano every morning.
15) I escaped catching the flu.
● ing形式否定式not doing...
I suggest not going there by bike.
● ing形式完成式 having done
She admitted having stolen the money.
● ing形式被动式 being done
The dog missed being run over by the car.
6．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的及物动词和宾语部分，并认真体会其用法。
1) Paula has given up smoking.
2) We must do something. We can’t go on living like this!
3) Don’t keep interrupting me while I’m speaking.
4) I can’t help crying.
5) Have you heard of her traveling alone
6) All of us have succeeded in passing the exam.
7) I’m fond of being a Party member.
8) They are thinking of going abroad for further study.
9) I’m looking forward to hearing from you.
10) The little girl is interested in drawing.
11) The woman scientist insisted on going there in winter.
12) I’m tired of doing morning exercise so early.
13) It kept on raining for three days.
14) He set about doing his homework.
15) I feel like having a cup of tea.
7．朗读并翻译下列各组例句，画出其中的及物动词和宾语部分，并认真体会其用法。
1) I like reading books.
2) I'd like to read that book.
3) I hate speaking before a big audience.
4) I hate to say so, but really I can't go.
5) They prefer walking to cycling.
6) I prefer to stay at home today.
7) They continued discussing the rules.
8) They continued to discuss the rules.
8．朗读并翻译下列各组例句，画出其中的及物动词和宾语部分，并认真体会其意义的区别。
1) I forgot to tell her about it.
I forgot telling her about it.
2) Please remember to give the book to Jim.
I remember giving him the book.
3) They stopped to have a rest after working for a long time.
They stopped talking as soon as the teacher came in.
4) I now regret saying what I said. I shouldn't have said it.
We regret to inform you that we are unable to offer you the job.
5) The minister went on talking for two hours.
After discussing the economy, the minister then went on to talk about foreign policy.
6) We must try to get everything done in time.
Let’s try doing the work some other way.
7）She doesn’t want / need to come.
The house wants / needs cleaning / to be cleaned.
8）All the students meant to write something about Madame Curie.
Missing the bus means waiting for another hour at the bus-stop.
9) Hearing this, everybody can’t help laughing.
Sorry, I can’t help to do the washing, because I have an important meeting to attend right now.
10) They stopped playing the game and went to the library.
They stopped to have a rest after walking for about two hours.
总结●归纳三
A．下列动词之后跟动词不定式作宾语：
B．下列动词之后用疑问词(what/whether / how 等）＋不定式的结构作宾语。
C. 下列动词之后跟动词的-ing形式作宾语。
D．下列短语之后也用-ing形式作宾语：
E． 下列动词后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动词-ing形式作宾语, 意义差别不大。
F． 下列动词后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动词-ing形式作宾语, 意义有差别。
小提示：
不定式的否定式： 动词ing形式的否定式：
不定式的进行式： 动词ing形式的完成式：
不定式的完成式： 动词ing形式的被动式：
Unit 29
主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语(人) + 直接宾语(物)
=主语 + 及物动词 + 直接宾语(物) + to/for + 间接宾语(人)
导学●探究
1．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的及物动词和双宾语部分，并认真体会其用法。
1) His mother gave my sister a skirt. = His mother gave a skirt to my sister.
2) My grandmother often tells us stories.
= My grandmother often tells stories to us.
3) Please show me your pictures. = Please show your pictures to me.
4) I’ll lend you my bike. = I’ll lend my bike to you.
5) Pass me a piece of paper. = Pass a piece of paper to me.
6) They have taught the dolphin a new trick.
= They have taught a new trick to the dolphin.
7) He often writes his mother letters. = He often writes letters to his mother.
8) I paid him 5 dollars. = I paid 5 dollars to him.
9) I offered them some help.
10) Will you bring them some books
11) I'll return you the money soon.
12) She sent her mother a car.
13) Don’t leave all the work to me.
14) Hi! Throw the ball to Peter.
15) She refuses nothing to her children.
2．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的及物动词和双宾语部分，并认真体会其用法。
1) My father bought me a new bike yesterday.
= My father bought a new bike for me yesterday.
2) Mother made me a new coat last week.
= Mother made a new coat for me.
3) Can you cook dinner for us
4) He likes to sing for the old people.
5) Could you spare me a few minutes
6) Please fetch a piece of chalk for me.
7) Can you get me some salt
8) The new road saves us a lot of money.
总结●归纳四
A. 可以接双宾语，如果直接宾语在前，需要用to后跟动作的接收者的动词有：
A. 可以接双宾语，如果直接宾语在前，需要用for后跟动作的受益者的动词有：
Unit 30 主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语
导学●探究
● 有些及物动词的宾语后面要有一个补足语意思才完整，补足语一般由名词、形容词、
分词、不定式等充当。
1．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的动词、宾语和宾语补足语并认真体会其用法。
1) Please don't call me Lily.
2) They made the girl monitor of the class.
3) They found her a very suitable person for the job.
4) We consider that a lie.
5) We must keep it a secret.
6) That year my mother died, leaving me an orphan.
7) They named the baby Tom.
8) They call it radioactivity.
9) He made London the base.
10) They named it Radium.
11) What do you call this kind of flower
12) They found her a wonderful teacher.
2．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的动词、宾语和宾语补足语并认真体会其用法。
1) Let’s get everything ready in time.
2) They found the story very interesting.
3) We must keep the room clean and tidy.
4) Do you think it necessary
5) Praise makes good men better and bad man worse.
6) I hope to see you well soon.
7) He proved herself worthy of confidence.
8) Do you like your tea weak or strong
9) That’ll leave the whole morning free.
10) The fingerprints on the knife proved him the murderer.
11) I find the Chinese people to be happy and cheerful.
12) You surly can’t consider him to be a selfish man.
13) I want the letter to be ready tomorrow.
14) As a rule I like to be alone.
15) Many people supposed him to be dead.
16) I felt them to be right.
17) I want the letter (to be) ready tomorrow
18) The dead of his dog made Crusoe very sad.
19) Very loud noises can even drive people mad.
20) The captain tore open the boy's shirt.
21) They cut the sleeping bag open.
22) She found herself in hospital when she came to.
23) The cold weather turned the leaves red.
24) Sports and games keep us healthy.
25) People often find hibernating animals asleep in winter.
3．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的动词、宾语和宾语补足语并认真体会其用法。
1) What do you advise me to do
2) Mother wished me to marry you.
3) I did not mean you to hear it.
4) Would you like us to go with you
5) I’ll leave him to solve the problem for himself.
6) I’ll get someone to repair the bike for you.
7) I want you to call him back at 11.
8) He asked me to help him (to) carry the heavy box.
9) They forced him to leave his home land.
10) I advise you to read it carefully.
4．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的动词、宾语和宾语补足语并认真体会其用法。
1) I felt the house shake.
2) I’m going to have her live with me soon.
3) Let’s go.
4) The boss made them work day and night.
5) I often hear him sing this song.
6) The girl saw the thief walk quietly into the yard.
7) All the people were watching him jump.
8) They heard him sing that song every night.
9) Every morning I could see an old woman feed these pigeons.
10) Did you notice anyone take the papers away
11) I felt somebody touch my hand.
12) Let us help you.
13) I will have someone do it for you.
14) I will get someone to fetch it at once.
● 以上接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词用作被动语态时，其后面作宾补的不定式要带 “to” 。
1) They were made to work day and night.
2) He is often heard to sing this song.
3) The thief was seen to walk quietly into the yard.
5．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的动词、宾语和宾语补足语并认真体会其用法。
1) I felt something touching my foot.
2) I can smell trouble coming.
3) He tried to have her talking, but no use.
4) Can you get the clock going again
5) They kept us waiting for a long time.
6) Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain.
7) We don’t want you getting into trouble.
8) He laughed so much that he set her laughing too.
9) Can you smell the rubbish giving off a horrible smell
10) When I entered the kitchen, I smelled something burning.
11) Do you hear somebody knocking at the door
12) Did you notice anyone watching you
13) I felt the ship sinking.
14) They stood there looking at the tree falling down.
15) They are all listening to the musician singing.
16) When I looked out, I saw them fighting.
17) I found him sleeping.
18) Try to keep the water flowing.
19) People sometimes found the snakes hibernating in the mud.
20) She went out and left her brother standing there dumbfounded.
21) Once he caught the fox stealing chickens.
6．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的动词、宾语和宾语补足语并认真体会其用法。
1) I felt a great weight taken off my mind by this promise.
2) I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow.
3) He couldn’t make himself heard.
4) We’ll get her x-rayed.
5) He found the door closed.
6) He got up slowly leaving the lunch unfinished.
7) I don’t want my daughter taken out after dark.
8) I won’t hear anything said against him behind his back.
9) Houses near airports sometimes have their windows broken by the noises of jet planes.
10) He pulled on a blanket to keep himself covered.
11) They suddenly found themselves surrounded by the enemy.
12) The Emperor wanted the cloth woven for him at once.
13) Cover these machines carefully, and be sure not to leave anything exposed.
14) He told them that he did not steal the money, but he couldn't make himself believed.
15) The next morning they saw the cat hanged on a tree in the garden.
16) Before you move in, you'd better get the walls repainted.
7．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的动词、宾语和宾语补足语并认真体会其用法。
1) Please make yourself at home.
2) She considered herself above others.
3) He found everything there in good order.
4) Did you find them in
6．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的动词、宾语和宾语补足语并认真体会其用法。
1) I felt it my duty to report it to the teacher.
2) All these noises made it impossible for me to go on with the work.
3) At first I found it difficult to talk with her.
4) Do you consider it any good sending more people there
5) This made it hard for me to control myself.
6) He judges it safer to go away than to stay.
7) For that reason I consider it something we must never do.
8) Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
9) This has made it necessary for agriculture and industry to develop very quickly.
10) If you learn to go all out for your team and not for yourself on the sports failed, you will later find it natural to work for the good of society, for the good of your country.
总结●归纳五
宾语补足语 常用动词 举例
名词
形容词和to be +形容词
带to的不定式
不带to的不定式
ing形式
过去分词
形容词和to be +形容词
介词短语和副词
用it作形式宾语的动词
Unit 31 There be 结构
当我们谈论“某地或某时有……”时，常常用There be 结构，其主语位于be动词之后，be动词与靠近的主语保持主谓一致。
导学●探究
1．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的“There be结构”，并认真体会其用法。
1) There is a book on the desk.
2) There are many people at the school gate.
3) There are four students waiting at the library.
4) There is a table, four chairs and a small bed in the room.
5) There are some books, two pens and a ruler on the desk.
6) There was a football match yesterday afternoon.
7) There is no milk in the bottle.
8) Are there any magazines in the reading-room
9) There were many children in the park last Sunday.
10) There is going to be a football match tonight.
11) There will be an English contest in our school next week.
12) There has been much talk about current affairs.
13) Traditionally, there have been only two major political parties in the United States — the Republicans and Democrats.
14) There is to be a party tonight.
15) There are a few simple safe measures to follow while training.
16) There are also records of gymnastics being performed in China and some other Asian countries.
17) In China, there is only 7% of the land used for growing crops, which feeds more than one fourth of the world population.
18) If the population keeps growing so quickly, there will be only standing room left for us next century.
19) There were lots of good English language programs broadcast on TV or on the radio in China.
2．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的“There be结构”，并认真体会其用法。
1) There used to be a cafe across the road.
3) There seems to be a quarrel between the two girls.
4) There appeared to be only one room.
5) There happened to lie a small lake at the foot of the mountain.
6) There must be something wrong with it.
7) There might have been a quarrel between the couple.
8) There lived an old hunter in that small village.
9) There stands a man-made hill near the lake.
10) There remained nothing of his house after the fire.
11) There lies a bright future before them.
12) There rose a bright moon from behind the hills.
13) There is likely to be a quarrel between them.
14) There existed such a boy.
3．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的“There be结构”，并认真体会其用法。
1）There is no good/use going there.
2）There is no need to worry.
3）There is thought to be an army between in these two countries。
4）There is no knowing what he is doing.
5）There is no sense in going alone.
4．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的“There be结构”，并认真体会其用法。
1）There being a house with a garden is of great value.
2）It is impossible for there to be any more.
3）People don't want there to be another war.
4）This depended on there being a sudden change.
5）There being no buses, we had to walk home.
6）There being nothing else to do, we went home happily.
7) It was too late for there to be any buses.
总结●归纳六
1. There be…结构的肯定式及各种时态形式：
2. 在There be…结构中有时不使用be，而使用下列动词：
3. There be 结构的常用句型：
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
4. there be句式的非限定形式。
There be 的非限定形式有两种，___________和_________
1) 作主语：
2) 作宾语：
3) 作状语：
Unit 32 强调结构
导学●探究
1．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的强调结构，并认真体会其用法。
1) It was I that/ who told her the news at the gate yesterday.
2) It was her that I told the news at the gate yesterday.
3) It was at the gate that I told her the news yesterday.
4) It was yesterday that I told her the news at the gate.
5) It was in 1979 that I graduated from the university.
6) It was in the bookstore that I met your brother the other day.
7) It was unwillingly that he did it for me.
8) It was Mary who picked up the wallet.
9) It was one of my old schoolmates whom I visited yesterday.
10) It is I who saw her in the post office when I was walking by.
11) It was with great care that they did the job.
12) It was because he was ill that we had to come back early.
13) It was because his car broke down on the way home that he came back late.
14) It was not until his father came in that the boy began to prepare his lessons.
15) It was not until midnight that he went to bed.
16) It might be his father that you are thinking of.
17) It must have been his brother you saw at the party.
2．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的强调结构，并认真体会其用法。
1) Was it during the Second World War that he died
2) Was it in this palace that the last emperor died
3) Was it in 1969 that the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon
4) Was it in this place that the accident happened last night
5) Was it because she was ill that she couldn’t come to my party
6) Where was it that you found the lost child
7) Why was it that you did not attend the meeting yesterday
8) When was it that this traffic accident happened
9) Where was it that you put my English dictionary
10) Who was it that you saw in the park
3．朗读并翻译下列例句，画出其中的强调结构，并认真体会其用法。
1) I do like watching basketball games.
2) He does work hard.
3) They did hear the cry for help, but they couldn’t see anybody nearby.
4) Do come this evening.
4. 朗读并翻译下列例句，挑出其中的强调结构，并认真体会这几个句子的用法区别。
1) It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.
2) It was midnight when I got back home yesterday.
3) It was two years ago that I began to learn English.
4) It is /has been two years since I began to learn English.
5) It was two years before he came back from abroad.
6) It was two years later that he came back from abroad.
7) It is two hours that he spends on English every day.
8) It wasn’t long before he senced the danger of the position.
9) It will be three months before she graduates from high school.
10) It was not two years before he left home.
总结●归纳七
强调句型的结构：
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
易混句型：
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
总结●归纳要点提示
总结●归纳一
连系动词的种类：
种类 常见的连系动词
表示（ 状态 ）的连系动词 be （是、在），keep（一直），remain（保持，仍是） continue （连续是），stay（一直），prove（证实是），turn out （结果是）
表示（感觉）的连系动词 feel（感觉、觉得、摸起来）, seem（似乎、好像），appear（看来，好像），look（看起来），smell（嗅起来）, sound（听起来）, taste(尝味、尝起来)
表示（变化）的连系动词 Become(成为)，get(变得)，turn（变得、转成） go（变为、成为），fall(进入某种状态 、变得)，grow(渐渐变得)，come(变成是)
总结●归纳二
1.这个句型也可发展成为：主语＋状语＋不及物动词＋状语。
2.
状语 位置 举例
副词 be 动词后实义动词前 always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever; already, allHe always works carefully.
介词 后 He seemed to have been fired by his boss.
短语 后 The whole family go to church every Sunday.
不定式 后 He came to tell you the news.
总结●归纳三
A．下列动词之后跟动词不定式作宾语。
want, like, wish, hate, prefer, continue, offer, decide, hope, attempt, promise, agree, plan, aim, afford， manage， threaten， refuse， arrange， forget， fail， try， start， learn， care， mean， intend， begin， remember， desire， choose， pretend， dare， need， seem， appear
B．下列动词之后用疑问词(what/whether / how 等）＋不定式的结构作宾语。
Ask， decide， know， remember， forget， explain， learn， tell， show， advise， understand， wonder， teach
C. 下列动词之后跟动词的-ing形式作宾语。
suggest， mind， enjoy， require， excuse， escape， advise，stop， delay, consider, admit, miss, finish, imagine, avoid, practice
D．下列短语之后也用-ing形式作宾语。
can’t help, think of, dream of, insist on, hear of, devote to, set about, give up(=stop), prevent…from, keep…from, stop…from, spend…in depend on, thank…for…, be fond of, be afraid of, feel like, excuse for, be tired of, be sick of, succeed in, be proud of, look forward to, get(be) used to, put off(=postpone), be interested in, carry on/go on(=continue), keep / keep on (=do something continuously or repeatedly),
E． 下列动词后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动词-ing形式作宾语, 意义差别不大。
love, start, prefer, like, begin, hate, continue
F． 下列动词后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动词-ing形式作宾语, 意义有差别
remember, forget, regret, mean, try, go on, stop①forget: forget to do something 忘记做某事(forget后面的动作没有做）forget doing something 忘记曾做过某事(forge后面的动作做了）②remember: remember to do something 记住去做某事(remember 后的动作未做)remember doing something 记得曾做过某事(remember后的动作做了）③stop:stop to do something （不定式作目的状语，停下来干某事）stop doing something （动词ing 作宾语，停止干某事） ④regretI regret doing something=I did it and now I'm sorry about it.I regret to say / to tell you / to inform you =I'm sorry that I have to say...⑤go ongo on doing sth=continue doing the same thing.go on to do sth=do or say sth new⑥try try to do sth 努力做某事try doing sth 试着做某事⑦ need / want need / want to do 需要/想要做某事need / want doing 某事需要被做⑧ mean mean to do 打算做。。。mean doing 意味着。。。　⑨ can’t help can’t help doing 忍不住做。。。can’t help to do 不能帮助做。。。⑩ stopstop doing 停止做某事stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事
小提示：
不定式的否定式：not to do 动词ing形式的否定式：not doing
不定式的进行式：to be doing 动词ing形式的完成式：having done
不定式的完成式：to have done 动词ing形式的被动式：being done
总结●归纳四
A. 可以接双宾语，如果直接宾语在前，需要用to后跟动作的接收者的动词有：
give， show， tell， teach， pass send， lend， write， pay， bring， offer， read， leave， hand，throw allow，wish， promise， refuse， return
B. 可以接双宾语，如果直接宾语在前，需要用for后跟动作的受益者的动词有：
make，buy，sing，cook，get，find，do，fetch，paint，play，save，order，spare…
总结●归纳五
宾语补足语 常用动词 举例
名词 make, find, leave, call, consider, name, think We found her an honest person.
形容词和to be +形容词 make, get, find, keep, leave, want, think, believe, cut, tear, judge drive, like, know, paint, prov

展开更多......

收起↑