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控江中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题
ⅡI. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
21.It is believed that skipping rope for 5 minutes can be a great drain our energy.
A.in B.on C.at D.across
22.During the vacation, many parents take on the roles of driver as they drive their children from one lesson to
A.another B.other C.the others D.others
23. his last album was, there are as yet no plans for any follow-ups.
A.Successful as B.Although successful C.Despite success D.Regardless of success
24. my keys in my bag than they slipped out of my hand and fell to the ground.
A.I had scarcely found B.No sooner had I found C.Hardly had I found D.In no time had I found
25. The number of prisoners serving life sentences in this region over the last decade.
A.are falling B.have fallen C.has fallen D.is falling
26. you want me to fire you, I suggest you stop wearing sports clothes at ofice. A.If B.Since C.Unless D. Until
27.Leading politicians in the U.S. have sent letters to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences urging that actions that could be taken by state and local government and universities national excellence in humanities and social scientific education".
A.to identify; maintaining B. identifies; to maintain
C.identify; to maintain D. will identify; maintaining
28.As can be seen by the lakeside, between the two hills a tall medieval castle magnificence cannot
be neglected.
A.lies; whose B.lie; which C.lies; of which D.lie; upon which
29.The terrible living conditions on the Carteret Islands finally resulted in we called the relocation of all the
islanders, from arose the problem of losing their traditions and celebrations.
A.which; what B.which; which C.what; that D.what; which
30.Look at the terible situation I am in.IfonlyI your advice.
A.follow B.would follow C.had followed D. have followed
Section B
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, usc one word that best fits cach blank.
Green efforts produce promising results along upper reaches of Yangtze River
Every late autumn, groups of black-headed gulls(海鸥)arrive "as(31) (schedule)" in Luzhou city on the upper reaches(上游) of the Yangtze River.(32). (circle) over the water, the oceanic birds always attract a crowd of bird watchers.
Besides Luzhou, the migratory birds are also frequent visitors to Sichuan's Deyang. Neijiang and other cities (33) the Tuojiang River flows.Local enthusiasts have all set up bird-watching and bird-love associations.
The black-headed gull,a rare bird species(34) white feathers and red beak and claws, is regarded as the "barometer”(风向标)of the ecological environment in watersheds(流域).The spotting of these black-headed birds reflects the promising results produced by Sichuan's green efforts in recent years.
Among Sichuan's many water systems, the Tuojiang River shares a vital position,(35) because it is an essential tributary(支流)of the Yangtze River,but also due to the fact(36) the 25,500 square kilometers it flows through cover the most concentrated, densely populated and economically powerful areas in the province.
Since the 1990s, the continuous acceleration of industrialization and urbanization exerted huge environmental burdens on the Tuojiang River, making it once(37) (polluted) river in Sichuan.
Consequently, a campaign to treat water pollution(38) (launch) in 2018.After years of efforts, the water quality of the Tuojiang River flowing into the estuary(河口)of the Yangtze River has now reached its best level in 20 years.
Chengdu,the provincial capital,has embraced more blue skies in recent years(39) the promotion of air pollution prevention and control work.
According to the Chengdu Mountain View Data Report released annually by a large group of photography enthusiasts, the number of days(40) people were able to see snow mountains from downtown Chengdu increased from 50 days in 2017to 63 days in 2021.
Ⅲ. Vocabulary
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
(A)
A.replace B.seeking C.employ D. investing E.specifically F.inevitable G. negatively H.alternative I.artificial J.product K.regulations
Animal Testing
Food and Drugs Administration(FDA)is responsible for ensuring that cosmetics are safe and properly labeled. Although FDA has never 41 required the use of animals in testing cosmetics for safety,animal testing is often used to establish product safety by manufacturers 42 to launch new products.
In some cases, after considering potential alternatives, companies may still determine that animal testing is necessary to ensure the safety of a(n) 43 or ingredient. FDA also supports and sticks to the applicable laws, 44 and policies governing animal testing. Moreover, in all cases where animal testing is used, FDA advocates that research and testing should get the maximum amount of useful scientific information from the minimum use of animals,and 45 the most humane(人道主义)methods available within the limits of scientific capability .
Animal testing seems 46 in the curent cosmetic industry, but many people believe that prior to the use of animals, consideration should be given to the use of scientifically valid(有效的) 47 methods to whole-animal testing .Actually, in the late 1990,FDA joined with other thirteen federal agencies in finding possible ways to 48 animals in tests.FDA has been supporting the development and use of alternatives to whole-animal testing and thus has been 49 considerable amounts of money into research on animal substitutes.
Besides American scientists, scientists in other countries are making efforts as well. Scottish University are now trying to create the world's first 50 human liver for drug testing so as to dramatically cut the number of live animals used and get life-saving medicines into the clinic faster.
(B)
A.overflown B.mishandling C.protective D. criticism E.subjects F.overwhelmed G.passing H.conflict I. mitted K. reaction
The queen, the media and changing times
One of the biggest challenges of covering Elizabeth's life and reign has long involved balancing admiration for her sense of public duty with the actions of some of her children and changing attitudes toward the monarchy(君主制) .
Of course, in the wake of the death of such a figure, the impulse is all the more compelling to only being praise.But media generally found ways to sing her praises while not ignoring 51 of her family.And it was often done through good, sound, basic journalism.
CNN correspondent Scott McLean interviewed a young woman standing outside Windsor Castle and asked for her 52 when she first heard the queen was under medical supervision.
"I think it is pretty sad," the woman said."You wouldn't want that to happen to your own family member.But I'm not like the biggest fan of the queen or the monarchy in general.So,I'm not that upset or 53 by it." The woman cited "British colonial history"and the accusations of sexual misconduct by Prince Andrew as her reasons.
The interview was less than a minute and quickly lost in a tidal wave of praise and interviewees saying how profoundly sad they were at the 54 of someone they not only deeply admired but came to think of as an island of tradition and stability in an era of disruption and 55 .But that voice needed to be part of the coverage even if it was only one minute among hundreds filled with praise.
Online articles and on-air analysis at NPR, Daily Mail, Politico and MSNBC also included criticism of the queen for
her 56 of Princess Diana's death and 57 treatment of Andrew.
Katty Kay,a BBC Studios correspondent and MSNBC contributor, explained why she thought her channel and others around the world stopped what they were doing and went to rolling coverage of Elizabeth's death Thursday.
"She was the 58 presence in an ever-changing world,and that's irreplaceable," Kay told anchor Nicolle Wallace. "When she. 59 herself at the age of 21 to her people around the world, she meant it and she followed through on that. She won the trust of her 60and she kept the trust for 70 years. And in a world that has changed as rapidly as our s has … that is a remarkable feat."
IV. Reading Comprehensions
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Celebrity has become one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a
specific film, but now the public 61 to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity attached to any given product.
Besides, fashion magazines have almost. 62 the practice of putting models on the cover because they don't sell nearly as well as famous 63 .As a result, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential, moving from
advertising for others'products to 64 their own.
Celebrity clothing lines aren't a65 new phenomenon, but in the past they were typically aimed at the ordinary
consumers,and 66 a few TV actresses. Today they're started by first-class stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top 67 . The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with 68 personal style.As
celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale rapidly, 69 almost all the products of daily life.
However, for every success story, there's a related 70 tale of a celebrity who overvalued his consumer appeal. No matter how famous the products 71 is,if it fails to impress consumers with its own qualities, it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing.And once the 72 attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, loyalty
returning to tried-and-true labels.
Today, celebrities face even more severe embarrassment. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of tunover has speeded up as well. Each misstep threatens to 73 a celebrity's shelf life, and the same newspaper or
magazine that once brought him fame has no problem picking him to pieces when the opportunity appears. 74 ,the
ego's( 自我的)potential for expansion is limitless.Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered.As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as 75 might last a lifetime, but fashion - like celebrity -has always been short-lived.
61.A. tends B. returns C. aims D. means
62.A. abandoned B. delayed C. established D. assumed
63.A. films B. faces C. issues D.stories
64.A.inventing B. composing C. exploring D. developing
65.A.dramatically B. completely C. steadily D. normally
66.A.taken by B. set for C. limited to D. listed on
67. A. brands B. trends C. sales D. editions
68.A. common B. specific C. potential D. artificial
69.A.promoting B. extending C. engaging D.covering
70.A. disappointing B. warning C. greeting D. amazing
71.A. origin B. organization C. release D. intention
72.A. continuous B.crazy C.initial D.sincere
73.A. strike B. isolate C. promote D.reduce
74.A.Still B. Thus C. Moreover D.Indeed
75.A. stars B.models C. designers D. advertisers
Section B
Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given
in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window. These animals
typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of abou 3,300 feet -- as far as most light can reach.Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch. Sonke Johnsen, a scientist in biology, says,"These animals live through their life alone.They never touch anything unless they're eating it, or unless something is eating them."
And they are as clear as glass. How does an animal become see-through It's trickier than you might think.
The objects around you are visible because they interact with light. Light typically travels in a straight line. But some materials slow and scatter light, bouncing it away from its original path. Others absorb light, stopping it dead in its tracks. Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it, so you can see it easily.
But a transparent object doesn't absorb or scatter light, at least not very much.Light can pass through it without
bending or stopping. That means a transparent object doesnt look very different from the surrounding air or water. You dont see it --you see the things behind it.
To become transparent,an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scatting light.Living materials can stop
light because they contain pigments(色素)that absorb specific colors of light. But a transparent animal doesnt have
pigments, so its tissues won't absorb light.According to Johnsen, avoiding absorption is actually easy.The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.
Animals are built of many different materials -- skin, fat, and more -- and light moves through each at a different speed. Every time light moves into a material with a new speed, it bends and scatters. Transparent animals use different tricks to
fight scattering. Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat. Without much tissue to scatter light, it is easier to be see-through.Others build a large, clear mass of non-living jelly-lie(果冻状的)material and spread themselves over it.
Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have to make all the different tissues in their
bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does. They need to look uniform.But how they're doing it is still unknown.
One thing is clear for these larger animals, staying transparent is an active process. When they die, they tun a non-transparent milky white.
76.According to Paragraph 1, transparent animals
A.stay in groups B.can be easily damaged
C. appear only in deep ocean. D.are beautiful creatures
77.The underlined word "dead" in Paragraph 3 means
A.silently B.gradually C.regularly D.completely
78.One way for an animal to become transparent is to
A.change the direction of light travel
B. gather materials to scatter light
C. avoid the absorption of light
D. grow bigger to stop light
79.The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals
A.move more slowly in deep water
B.stay sce-through even after death
C.produce more tissues for their survival
D. take effective action to reduce light spreading
(B)
Science fiction paints a future where robots play an important part in everyday life. A technology firm is trying to
make that future a reality today with an affordable robot called Artibo.Artibo is small Its brain, or Al block, is a cube(立方
体)that fits in your hand. That block connects to a motor block and two silicon wheels. Assembled, it's about four inches tail.
Artibo is much more than just a robot that you program to move around.Artibo's designers want it to provide
companionship and be a resource for learning coding. With its camera, microphone and connection to a cloud-based Al, it
can respond to voice commands or function like a walkie-talkie(对讲机).It talks like a chatbot and can tell bedtime stories. It can even help you learn other languages!
Artibo isn't quite ready for stores yet, though. It's part of acrowdfunding project. Crowdfunding is a program where you put a request online to a crowd of people. Supporters can then pay large or small amounts to help you finish a project. Artibo will first be available to people who have paid to help bring it into production.
Using computer code to program your own toys is nothing new.LEGO first released a robot kit in 1998.Since then,
programmable robots have become one of the best-selling units in the LEGO product line. Programming robots might sound comparable to rocket science, but anyone can program one using nothing more than a tablet or a smartphone and code
blocks.
Code blocks allow you to program simple or complex commands by assembling visual blocks of code on the canvas
(画布)of a computer screen.Just drag and drop a variety of code blocks from a programming menu, link them together, and watch how your robot responds. In Artibo's case coding doesnt stop there. Unlike other similar programmable toys,
Artibo will also allow you to write your own code.So as your familiarity with coding increases, you won't lose interest in Artibo.
80.According to the passage, the purpose of developing Artibo is
A.helping people learn anything they want and providing companionship
B.providing a robot that can move, accompany and help people learn coding
C.chatting with people, telling bedtime stories and supplying languages
D.helping people raise money on line and creating programmable robots
81.What can be concluded from the passage
A.Programming robots is not really complicated.
B. Programming robots is advanced like a rocket.
C. Programming robots can be used in smartphones.
D.Programming robots used in toys is not new at all.
82.The passage implies that
A.people can programme various orders even without code blocks
B. anyone can control Artibo freely unlike other programming toys
C. the more familiar you're with coding, the more youll like Artibo
D. Artibo is popular in the world especially among young people
(C)
For many health-conscious people,bread is a little slice of hell. Shelves of multigrain loaves -- or friends passing
around sourdough(酵母面包)starters and attaching the word artisanal(手工艺性的)to the ancient combination ofyeast
(酵母),flour and water --have led consumers to believe whole grain bread is healthier than industrial white bread. That trend has made for a lot of expensive sandwiches.
Fortunately,a new study by researchers at the Weizmann Institute of Science is here to cut through the confusion.In
the study, published in Cell Metabolism, researchers randomized 20 participants to consume cither processed white bread or artisanal whole wheat sourdough in order to compare the effects of each on the body.
Before the study started,all participants consumed the same amount of white and nonwhite bread for several days. Then each group ate, on average, at least 100 grams of bread --three to four slices -- per day for one week. After a
two-week break, the groups switched types for another bread-laden week. The total amount of calories the participants consumed remained constant the duration of the study.
The researchers were surprised by what they found."There were no clinically significant differences between the
effects of these two types of bread on whatever we measured," said computational biologist Eran Segal, senior author of the study in a statement.Those measured included glucose(葡萄糖)levels upon waking, fat and cholesterol levels, the amounts of essential minerals in the bloodstream and several indicators of tissue damage. Segal and colleagues examined 20
variables and found not one notable difference between the white bread eaters and the artisanal bread eaters. The key
finding: It wasn't that both breads had no effect on the body. Rather, they both did equal damage.As it turns out, half the
participants had a higher glycemic(血糖)response to industrial white bread,and half had the higher response to artisanal sourdough bread.
The researchers also found that which bread was best for you can be predicted based on the bacteria present in your
body. They found that the"profile"-- the variety of bacterial species -- correlated with the glycemic response to each bread. The small size of the study means the results should be considered preliminary(初步的).The researchers hope to study these predictors more carefully as a potential way to improve nutritional recommendations,says biologist Avraham Levy, another study co-author.
In short, the study provides vital evidence that we need to stopjudging each other in the supermarket bread aisle. 83.Why does the author use "fortunately"at the beginning of the second paragraph
A.The study is conducted by researchers specializing in food and nutrition.
B. The study can deepen people's understanding of the advantages of yeast.
C. The study has made great breakthroughs in finding what matters in bread.
D. The study shows you needn't spend so much money on wholegrain bread.
84.What can be concluded from the study mentioned in the passage
A.Both white bread and nonwhite bread may do harm to our health.
B.People respond similarly to white bread but differently to nonwhite bread.
C.White bread and wholegrain bread produce no immediate effect on the body.
D. White bread eaters and artisanal bread eaters report different body responses.
85.The findings need more research because of
A. the theory they are based on B. the number of participants
C.the method of the experiments D. the duration of the study
86.Which of the following is the author most likely to agree with
A.Its better to stick to ancient ways of making bread.
B.Supermarkets should label the bread that may do harm.
C.There is no need to choose bread due to its ingredients.
D.Bread must be free of bacteria for the sake of our health.
SectionC
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be
used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A.And yet, the implication of the study is hard to dismiss. B.On many of these fronts, computers are behind humans,if they are in the race at all. C.Technology does not necessarily mean doom to all but the highest skilled. D. Instead it takes three core skills that three-quarters of us use every day in our work. E.Short to astonishing improvements in education, it looks life only a minority of people can win this race. F.The result would be more alarming if machine were actually put to the test.
Many of us have already lost the "race against the machines""we just don't know it yet. That is the conclusion of new
research by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
Unlike most studies into the impact of automation, this one does not rely on informed guesswork about what machines will be able to do in 20 years'time.(87) .They are literacy,numeracy and problem-solving with computers.And it compares our performance against the abilities of machines. The results are sobering(发人深省的),but rather than a
reason to despair, they suggest we might want to rethink the race altogether.
In the survey,a group of computer scientists was given the same test and asked which questions computers could
answer, using technology that exists but has not necessarily been available yet in the workplace. The conclusion Almost a third of workers use these cognitive skills daily in their jobs and yet their competency levels have already been matched by computers.About 44 per cent are still better than the machines. The remaining 25 per cent have jobs that do not use these skills every day.
There are two caveats(警告，附加说明).First, the OECD only asked computer scientists how well they thought
machines could do.(88) .Second,just because technology exists does not mean it will be applied quickly in the
workplace. It depends on how easily it can be made operational, how much it costs relative to the value it creates, and whether companies have the appetite to invest.
(89) .Stuart Elliott, the author, concludes that in 10 to 20 years,only workers with very strong literacy and numeracy skills will be comfortably more proficient than computers. Now, only about one in 10 working-age adults in
OECD countries are of this standard.
It is true that the education systems in most countries have been raising their game: younger people tend to have better skills than older people (the UK being one notable and worrying, exception).But even if you take the most skilled
generation in the most skilled country- young people in Finland -two-thirds still do not meet these top levels of literacy and numeracy.(90)
The risks to workers from ever smarter computers are clear, but the opportunities will lie in maximizing the value of their human skills. For some people, such as talented chefs, the battle is already won. Others might need to use the
computers to exploit their human talents.
V.Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following three passages.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
91.The Problem of Packaging
A large source of rubbish is packaging material. It often makes up more than 30 percent of the total. To understand
why this is true, think of the packaging commonly used for a simple product, such as toothpaste. The packaging includes
not only the tube for the toothpaste, but also the box for the tube. This box is put into a plastic wrapper. Then, the boxes are transported in a cardboard container.
Most packaging material ends up in a landfil after it is thrown away. Though necessary, landfills take up valuable space,ofien stink, and can leak harmful substances into the soil. Landfills not included, the production of packaging
material itself is a major source of air and water pollution.
People are now trying to solve the problems caused by packaging materials. In 1991,Germany took the lead by
requiring companies to recycle the packaging used for their goods. To do this, the companies set up recycling bins in every neighborhood. Consumers now separate their rubbish into three categories -- metal, plastic and paper cartons. They then put it into the appropriate bin. The rubbish sorted, it is transported to recycling company for processing.
The programme worked well at first. However, the amount of rubbish has begun to increase again. One reason for this is that many consumers no longer reduce waste because they think the problem is solved.It seems that to properly deal with the problem of rubbish, everyone must remain alert and do their part.
V.Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
92. 市民可以访问这个应用，参与回收玻璃瓶。(access)
93. 人们没有因为人手短缺而中途放弃这个项目，博得了大家的尊敬. (command)
94. 青少年对上网如此上瘾，以至于政府不得不对青少年使用网络施行禁令。(So)
95. 中美文化有鲜明的差异，只要你努力适应新环境，就一定能够做出明智的决定。(contrast)
II. Grammar
21-30 BAABC CCADC
Section B
31.scheduled 32.Circling 33.where 34.with 35.not only 36.that
37. the most polluted 38.was launched 39.due to/owing to/ because of 40.when
Ⅲ. Vocabulary
41-50 EBJKC FHADI
51-60 DKFGH BCIJE
IV.Reading comprehension
Section A Cloze 61-75 AABDB CABDB ACDAC
Section B Reading 76-79 BDCD 80-82 BAC 83-86 DABC
SectionC87-90 DFAE
IV. Summary Writing
About one third of rubbish comes from packaging materials, which cause damage to air and water during their
production process.And after ending up in landfills,packaging materials can also pollute the soil. Previous measures have
achieved temporary success, but the problem remains a great concern. Everyone should be alert and play a part to address it. (58 words)
VI.Translations
92. 市民可以访问这个应用，参与回收玻璃瓶，(access)
Citizens can access the App/ application, getting involved in recycling glass bottles.
Citizens can have access to the application and get involved in recycling glass bottles.
93.人们没有因为人手短缺而中途放弃这个项目，博得了大家的尊敬。(command)
They didn't give up the project halfway because they were short of hands, which commanded everyone's respect/ commanding everyone's respect.
94. 青少年对上网如此上瘾，以致于政府不得不对青少年使用网络流行禁令。(So)
So addicted are teenagers to going online/So addicted to going online are teenagers that the govenment has to impose/ order a ban on teenagers'use of intemet/ teenagers using intemet.
95. 中美文化有鲜明差异，只要你努力适应新环境，就一定能够做出明智的决定. (contrast)
There is a sharp contrast between the Chinese and American culture.As long as you try hard to adapt to the new environment,you are sure to /you are bound to make a sensible/smart decision.

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