资源简介

(共31张PPT)
To do
(Infinitives)
语法导入-to do
动词
谓语
非谓语
done
doing
to do
非谓语动词的形式如何确定？
01
非谓语动词
时间特征
01
非谓语动词
After school, we went home while we talked and laughed at the same time.

时间特征1 ：非谓语动词和谓语动词同时发生-ing
After school, we went home talking and laughing.
01
非谓语动词
“负鼠装死逃生”
The possum played dead so that it could escape.

时间特征
时间特征2 ：非谓语动词在谓语动词之后（动词不定式）
The possum played dead to escape.
01
非谓语动词
“自从得了精神病，整个人精神多了。”
Since I became a psyche, I have always been in high spirits.

时间特征
时间特征3 ：非谓语动词先于谓语动词 （明显先后关系）
Having become a psyche, I have always been in high spirits.
01
非谓语动词
I have never head a song sung so terribly.
I have never heard a person sing so terribly.
语态特征
（与逻辑主语的关系）
非谓语动词充当宾补时，根据宾语判断主动被动
01
非谓语动词
Playing the King of Glory, I am no match for a primary student.
Played throughout the country, the King of Glory is the most successful game.
语态特征
非谓语动词充当状语时，根据主语判断主动被动
01
非谓语动词
The girl eating durian on bus was despised.
It is hard to imagine the amount of durian eaten every year.
语态特征
非谓语动词充当定语时，根据被修饰词判断主动被动
非谓语动词基本公式
to do -主动+将来: He promised to make greater efforts in the future.
doing-主动+进行: Walking in the rain, she felt quite tranquil.
done -被动+完成: This is the first time I have heard the song sung in French.
to be done-被动+将来: These are the words to be studied tomorrow.
being done-被动+进行: The boy being scolded is Xiaoming.
having done-主动+完成: Having finished the letter, she folded it.
having been done-被动+完成: I forgot once having been taken to the sea.
To do
主动形式 被动形式 时间特征
一般式 to do to be done 不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生
进行式 to be doing / 不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生
完成式 to have done to have been done 不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前
To do
翻译句子
1. 节约时间就是延长生命。
__________________________________________________.
2.仰望星空，人们总是想要更多地了解太空。
___________________________________________________________.
3. 我们认为Tom是我们班最棒的学生之一。
___________________________________________________.
To save time is to lengthen life.
Looking at the stars, people have always wanted to learn more about space.
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
主语
表语
宾语
宾语补足语
To do
4. 了解西方艺术最好的方法就是回顾若干个世纪以来西方绘画的发展。
_____________________________________________________________
__________________________________
5. 这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的愿望永不磨灭。
_____________________________________________________________
____________________________
6. 他们制造运载工具，把勇敢者送入太空，去探索宇宙的秘密。
_______________________________________________________
_______________________
The best way to understand Western Art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.
They make vehicles to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe.
These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed，but the desire to explore the universe never died.
定语
定语
状语
表语
1. 作主语、宾语、表语，宾补
To do
Infinitives
2. 作定语
3. 作状语
01
动词不定式做表语
Appreciate the usage
1. Our plan is to make better use of these materials.
2. His burning ambition was to study medicine.
3. The best way to understand Western Art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.
解释抽象名词：
主语是以way, aim, duty, hope, dream, ambition, idea, intention, purpose, plan, proposal, job, suggestion, task等抽象名词为中心词的名词词组后面的不定式说明其内容
01
动词不定式做表语
Appreciate the usage
1. What I suggest is to turn to your teacher for help.
2. 解释what 引导的主语从句
表示将来的内容
2. What I hate most is being laughed at.
01
动词不定式做表语
Appreciate the usage
All she wanted is to be left alone, enjoying some time reading.
The least I can expect is to have this day all to myself.
3. 当主语包含定语从句且先行词为代词all或形容词最高级形式the least, the most时，其后可接“系动词+不定式”作句子的表语。
01
动词不定式做表语
THINGS TO BE NOTICED:
All we need to do is live every day with hope and aim.
What they attempt to do was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question, “What is art ”
The only thing I can do is accompany you to the end of the world.
不定式作表语省略to的情况：
1. all 作主句主语，其后的定语从句中含有实义动词do的某种形式时；
2. what 引导主语从句，从句中含有实义动词do的某种形式时；
3. 主句主语被only，first，one，least 或形容词最高级修饰时，且其后作定语的从句或短语中含有实义动词do的某种形式时
01
动词不定式做定语
Translate sentences and Appreciate the usage
1.明天将要出席开幕式的所有老师都应该穿制服。
________________________________________________________
________________
2. The airport ______________(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
All the teachers to attend the opening ceremony tomorrow should wear the uniforms.
to be completed
不定式作定语：
一般位于所修饰词的后面；表示还未发生的动作
01
动词不定式做定语
Appreciate the usage
1. China became the third country in the world _________(send) humans into space in 2003 independently.
2. It is recognized that he is the best man _______(do) the job.
3. He is the only one __________(survive) the accident.
4. He is always the first _________(come) and last _________(leave).
1. 名词被特定词修饰
当名词被序数词，形容词最高级或 the only, the next, the last, the right修饰，且该名词是作定语的非谓语动词的执行者时，用不定式主动形式作定语。
to send
to do
to survive
to come
to leave
01
动词不定式做定语
Appreciate the usage
1. These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire _________(explore) the universe never died.
2. Practice is the only way _________(learn) a language well.
3. In the past, women had no chance ____ (go) to school.
2.特定抽象名词 ability, chance, opportunity, belief, way, right, courage, decision, hope, wish, dream等后常用动词不定式做定语。
to explore
to explore
to go
01
动词不定式做定语
Appreciate the usage
1. We don’t have enough paper to write on.
2. There is nothing to worry about.
3. Give me a pen to write with
4. He is looking for a room to live in.
3.不定式加介词作定语
作定语的动词不定式如果是vi.或者不定式或虽然是vt.但不能与被修饰词构成动宾关系，不定式后面须有相应的介词。
01
动词不定式做定语
1. He is the only one to survive the accident.
2. She has a meeting to attend today.
3. The desire to explore the universe never died.
主谓关系
动宾关系
同位关系
不定式作定语与被修饰词之间的关系？
01
动词不定式做定语
1. I can’t go out this afternoon, because I have many materials to type.
2. The boss told me that he had many materials to be typed.
3. Do you have any clothes to wash
4. Do you have any clothes to be washed
不定式作定语与被修饰词之间的关系？
当不定式与修饰的名词构成动宾关系，且和句中的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，用主动形式表被动意义；若没有逻辑上的主谓关系或不确定逻辑主语是谁时，仍用被动语态。
动词不定式作定语
1. We are having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _________ (make) at the meeting will influence the future of our company.
2. Volunteering gives you a chance _________ (change) lives, including your own.
3. The students are looking forward to having an opportunity _________ (explore) society of real-life experience.
4. I have a lot of readings __________ (complete) before the end of this term.
高考连接
to be made
to change
to explore
to complete
02
动词不定式做状语 – 目的状语
Appreciate the usage
1. To learn a language well, you must make painstaking efforts.
2. In order to catch the first bus, he got up early.
3. We work hard so as to be admitted into a key university and pursue what we want.
不定式作目的状语可用in order to / so as to 代替，有时为了突出强调目的，还可将这个词组置于句首，但so as to一般不用于句首。
02
动词不定式做状语 – 结果状语
Appreciate the usage
1. He arrived at the train station, only to find the train had already left.
2. The Californian ship arrived too late to save more people.
3. She is so proud as to look down upon others
4. I’m such a fool as to think that she is a warm-hearted woman.
5. You must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.
不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果；有时也可用only to, too ... to, enough to, so ... as to 来表示结果状语。
02
动词不定式做状语 – 原因状语
Appreciate the usage
1. He was astonished to hear the news.
2. I’m disappointed to hear you lack the patience.
3. The author is content to live a simple life.
4. We are shocked to know that he died in the air crash.
不定式作原因状语，常用于“主语 + be + 形容词 + to do”结构中，此类形容词多是glad, excited, disappointed, shocked等表示喜怒哀乐的形容词,表示产生情绪的原因。
动词不定式作状语
1. ________ (make) it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.
2. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _______ (find) it didn’t fit.
3. Group activities will be organised after class _________ (help) children develop team spirit.
4. George returned after the war, only __________ (tell) that his wife had left him.
5. This machine is very easy _________ (operate). Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
6. We were astonished _______ (find) the temple still in its original condition.
高考连接
To make
to find
to help
to be told
to operate
to find
Hello, my dear friends! I am greatly honoured ________ (share) the event with you. The theme of the activity is ___________ (introduce) Chinese traditional culture. During this month, there will be various activities for you ____________ (experience) the rich and colorful Chinese culture. You will have a chance ________ (make) paper-cutting or ____________ (appreciate) Chinese arts.
There will be some lectures for you _________ (attend), _______ is beneficial to your understanding about China. ________ (learn) more about China, don’t hesitate _________ (contact) us and be the first ________ (sign) up for the activity.
to share
to introduce
to experience
to make
to appreciate
Infinitive as attribute and adverbial: Exercise
语篇演练
to attend
To learn
which
to contact
to sign
主动语态 被动语态
一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing
完成式 to have done to have been done
完成进行式 to have been doing
动词不定式的时态和语态
Infinitive as attribute: Summary

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