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江苏省扬州市
2019-2022三年高一下学期英语期末试卷汇编
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江苏省扬州市2021-2022学年高一下学期期末考试试卷英语试卷（解析版）
第一节 单项选择（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
DOWN TO THE WOODS
To mark Earth Day on 22 April, consider a trip that celebrates all the natural beauty and variety of the world’s forests.
Isle of Wight
A safe bet for spotting the active red squirrel is Brighstone Forest where, in the summer, you might also hear the call of the nightjar, a bird known for its frightening call. Stay in a log cabin (原木小屋) near Calbourne and enjoy breakfast — with eggs laid on site by free-range hens from a farm. Tom’s Eco Lodges at Tapnell Farm Park has several options for families, from 900 per week, including log cabins and travelling tents.
Sweden
The vast pine forests of central Sweden are an ideal place to enjoy a true back-to-nature experience. In the daytime, you can hike, swim or canoe before returning to enjoy a campfire dinner of local ingredients. You can also set off on a guided trip for seeing large deer at dusk. Responsible Travel has a three- night eco-lodge (生态旅馆) break from 630 per adult, children (12-15) from 303, international flights not included.
Ecuador
In Ecuador’s Choco cloud forest, more than 3,000ft above sea level, follow misty trails around species of plants found nowhere else on the planet. You’ll also spot hummingbirds as you pick your way between huge trees. Black Tomato offers five nights in Ecuador, from 3,875 per person including international flights and three nights’ full-board, at the eco Mashpi Lodge.
Carmarthenshire
In the foothills of the Cambrian Mountains, you’ll find a mixed woodland of various trees. Activities include mountain biking in the Tywi Valley and waterfall hikes with views across the Brecon Beacons. Book the beautifully Glan-yr-Afon Riverside Cottage, surrounded by grasslands and mountain streams. From 597 for three nights, based on four sharing.
21. If Jane is interested in riding bicycles in mountains, she can go to ________ .
A. Ecuador B. Isle of Wight
C. Sweden D. Carmarthenshire
22. What can we know from the passage
A. Responsible Travel pays for visitors’ international flights.
B. In Ecuador’s Choco cloud forest exist some rare plants.
C. The Glan-yr-Afon Riverside Cottage is located in Sweden.
D. In Brighstone Forest the frightening call of the squirrel can be heard.
23. In what section of a newspaper are you most likely to read the passage
A. Education. B. Travel.
C. Environment. D. Geography.
B
Between July and December 2021, more than 11 million young oysters (牡蛎) were put into the Hudson River. They are part of a plan to create a healthier ecosystem in the river by increasing the oyster population.
The waters used to be full of oysters, which were collected for food and shells too much. Weather got warmer and New York City also dumped waste water and harmful chemicals into the river. By 1927, most of the oysters had died. Now, oysters may help to restore the waters and bring back marine life. How do oysters do it
Oysters help clean water. They are filter feeders, taking in water through their gills (鳃) and filter out the food they eat, such as plankton (浮游生物) and algae (海藻). A single adult oyster can filter up to 189 litres of water in a day. They also filter other harmful things out of the water, one of which is nitrogen, a chemical often found in fertilizers (肥料). Sometimes nitrogen gets washed into rivers and oceans when it rains. Too much nitrogen in the water causes large amounts of algae to grow. The algae use up the oxygen in the water, harming other marine life. Oysters filter nitrogen out of the water and use it to grow their shells.
Oysters also build reefs, benefiting the whole ecosystem. Oysters attach themselves to hard surfaces underwater like rocks. Then more oysters attach themselves on top of those, and more on top of those. As the oysters grow, their shells combine together to form a reef. Oyster reefs provide homes for plants and animals, thus creating more biodiversity. Reefs also serve to protect the shoreline. Large reefs weaken the shock of waves coming in from the ocean, and help lessen flood disaster and prevent gradual destruction of the coast.
It will take decades before the new reefs grow as big as the reefs destroyed long ago, but signs show up that the ecosystem is getting healthier.
24. The following factors contributed to the decrease of oysters in the Hudson River EXCEPT ________.
A. global warming B. biological diseases
C. water pollution D. human overfishing
25. What can we learn from Paragraph 3
A. Oysters usually feed on plankton and algae.
B. There are large amounts of nitrogen in the rain.
C. Algae produce oxygen for other water plants.
D. Harmful chemicals help oyster shells to grow.
26. How do oyster reefs protect coastal areas
A. They promote biodiversity and benefit the environment.
B. They can soften the impact of waves and reduce flooding.
C. They form solid seawall and then prevent the sea storms.
D. They keep the algae in the water from spreading too fast.
27. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. New York: a rescue on the Hudson River
B. Oyster reefs: opportunities for coastal defense
C. New York launches environmental movements
D. The oyster helps to improve river ecosystem
C
Many of us are lucky enough to have some degree of choice over what we eat But are the decisions we make about our diet as free as we assume
It appears we’re hugely influenced by other people — especially those closest to us — when it comes to what we eat. Research has found that the closer and stronger two people’s connection is, the more control they have over each other’s food choices. This means social signals generally encourage us to eat more. Being around healthy eaters may guide you to eat healthier as well, though. Eating habits are also affected by what we see. “There is proof that, if you see pictures of food, that visual stimulation can inspire your desire to eat,” says a UK scientist, Suzanne Higgs.
Social media is one place where visual and social signals meet. Evidence shows if friends in your social network post regularly about particular types of food, it could lead you to copy them, for better or for worse. And research indicates that social media might be changing our relationship with food, making us think differently about what we eat. “If all your friends on social media are posting pictures of themselves consuming fast food, it’s going to set a norm that eating fast food is what people do,” says Higgs.
Research suggests we’re more likely to be attracted by photos of fast food especially some rich in saturated fat(饱和脂肪), which can make us feel good, says Ethan Pancer, a professor in Canada. Humans are biologically prepared to seek out high-calorie food — an ability that helped our ancestors survive when they searched for food.
“Healthier foods are often seen as boring in comparison, and processed food is considered ‘cool’,” a researcher from France, Tina Tessitore, adds that, “In advertising, you see unhealthy food in social settings --- people having a barbeque with friends, for example, while healthy food usually focuses more on the nutritional value. If you saw friends eating salad together, it wouldn’t seem so true.” All of the findings are bothering researchers about the effects of social media, whether good or bad.
28 What’s the author’s main purpose in writing the article
A. To present elements affecting eating habits.
B. To explain the reasons for advertising food.
C. To raise public awareness of physical health.
D. To conclude findings of a new research.
29. Which of the statements might Suzanne Higgs agree with
A. Seeing photos of familiar food prevents you from eating more.
B. Social media has more influence on your dieting than close friends.
C. You may fall into the habit of fast food consumption following social media.
D. You’re sure to imitate what others make and eat if you regularly surf the Internet.
30. What can we infer from the article
A. People are free to make a choice on what to eat.
B. Human beings are born to choose food rich in calorie.
C. The young generation prefer fast food because it’s “cool”.
D. You’ll be easily encouraged to pick out food by experts.
31. What might the author focus on in the following paragraph
A. Researchers make market surveys testing netizens’ acceptance of salad.
B. Internet stars stand out in advertising different kinds of processed food.
C. Public opinions vary on the current issue of food safety and nutritious diet.
D. Researchers are becoming concerned about how social media affects our diet.
D
China’s population is expected to fall this year, more than a decade earlier than previously thought, according to a government-backed scholar.
The number of people aged 65 and older was more than 14 per cent of the total in 2021, making China an “aged” society, rather than an “ageing” one, Zheng Bingwen, director of international social security studies at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said.
“The adverse impact of ageing is the slowdown in economic growth,” he told a finance conference in Beijing. “Ageing will lead to falls in savings, which in turn lead to falls in investment（投资）, which will be a huge thing in China.” Zheng said the country was on track to become a “super-aged” society by 2035, with more than 20 per cent of the population over 65.
The crisis（危机）has been speeding up in recent years, with the country now recording its slowest population growth since 1961. A total of 10.62 million babies were born last year across the country, a sharp fall from 12 million in 2020, and 14.65 million in 2019. The overall population still grew last year, but only by 480,000.
Experts have pointed out that the biggest factor in the country’s falling birth rates is that there are far fewer women of childbearing age; a direct result of the one-child policy introduced by the government in 1980. The high cost of housing and education have further discouraged the desire of many Chinese couples, especially those living in cities, to have children.
“Ageing will result in a fall in savings, and family debts will be rising.” Zheng said that the government should set up a pension（养老金）system to deal with the faster fall in population.”
32. What does the underlined word “adverse” in the third paragraph mean
A. Unpleasant. B. Delicate.
C. Flexible. D. Inspiring.
33. Which of the following is NOT the reason for China’s falling birth rates
A. High Housing Price. B. Expensive education.
C. Falls in investment. D. Lack of women of childbearing age.
34. According to Zheng Bingwen, what is the solution to the ageing crisis
A. Improving social security. B. Sticking to the one-child policy.
C. Establishing a pension system. D. Speeding up economic growth.
35. What’s the author’s attitude towards China’s falling population
A. Positive. B. Satisfied.
C. Uncaring. D. Unclear.
江苏省扬州市2020-2021学年高一下学期期末考试试卷英语试卷（解析版）
第一节 单项选择(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
How to Save Money in London Find the free attractions Many of London’s top things to do, including the National Gallery, the British Museum and Hyde Park, are absolutely free to enjoy. Get an Oyster Card London’s subway, otherwise known as “the Tube” is the easiest way to get around the city, but can add up quickly if you buy tickets daily. Oyster Card fares are not only cheaper, but will make you feel like a local. Dine smart Restaurants like Brick Lane offer fantastic food for bargain prices; fish-and-chip shops are a cheap standby, and takeaway food costs less than dine-in. Consider a London Pass This pass covers entry to many of the city’s top attractions, including Westminster Abbey, St. Paul’s Cathedral and the Churchill War Rooms, for one price. What You Need to Know Accept the slang There are a few British phrases and words that can be confusing to first-time American visitors. Study the slang to prevent being lost in translation. Accept the rain A rain jacket, rain boots, and an umbrella will be very useful and necessary for your trip whenever. Accept the pub scene Pubs are a big part of British culture, so it’s not uncommon to see them busy throughout the week. Many have been around for centuries, so stopping in for a pint doubles as a history lesson. Accept the guidance of a local There are a variety of tours around the city specializing in everything from ghosts to “Harry Potter”. There are also a variety of Stonehenge tours, if you’re up for a daytrip.
21. If you are travelling in London, you can go to ________ for free.
A. the Buckingham Palace B. Westminster Abbey
C. the Churchill War Rooms D. the National Gallery
22. What can be inferred from the text
A. Having a London Pass can make you feel like local people
B. The weather of London is changeable all around the year.
C. It’s unusual to see pubs crowded with people throughout the week.
D. An American traveller can understand British English without any problem.
23. In which part of a newspaper would you most probably read the passage
A. Travel B. Cultures
C. Entertainments D. Businesses
B
To understand the effect of ice melting around the world we first have to understand what an ice sheet actually is. Covering 5.4 million square miles in Antarctica and 656,000 square miles in Greenland (our two remaining ice sheets today), an ice sheet is actually a huge land of ice from the Ice Age. These sheets, over thousands of years, form by snow changing into ice over the winter, which doesn’t entirely melt during the summer. This ice, home to different species of animals, is now melting at a rate that cannot support the life it currently holds.
Many of these creatures rely on ice sheets as land for resting, hunting and protection, yet as the size decreases, they are forced out of their homeland in search of other land on which to live. Often this means journeys to search for food and an imbalanced ecosystem arises when different species are forced together onto the coast.
Since the 1990s, the deer population has dropped by 56 per cent—climate change has caused warmer temperatures over winter setting off rainfall instead of snow, which freezes more quickly underfoot and makes it harder to walk and search for food. In the summer, frozen layers of land melts and releases trapped diseases which bring death to animals. A similar situation has fallen on the polar bears who suffered a 40 per cent population loss between 2001-2010.
Quite apart from these problems, the threat of sea levels rising if the ice caps were to disappear is approaching. If the Greenland Ice Sheet melted, the sea level would rise around six meters, and if the Antarctic Ice Sheet melted, sea levels would rise by around 20 feet. As a matter of fact, sea levels have risen about eight inches since 1880, three of which we’ve gained over the last 25 years. This seemingly small amount has already caused dangerous flooding, loss of farmland and more deadly storms.
While we’re still a long way from losing the ice sheets all together, we’ve already lost too much for many ecosystems and humans to reasonably survive under, and if we don’t take climate change seriously now, we will certainly hit the point of no return.
24. What is an ice sheet according to the passage
A. It is an area where ice never melts in summer.
B. It is a land of ice that covers all Greenland.
C. It is a large area of ice that exists for centuries.
D. It is an ice world for animals used to cold.
25. How does the melting of ice sheets affect animals
A. It makes it easier to travel to other land.
B. It increases the population of sea animals.
C. It makes their surroundings more comfortable.
D. It causes hunger and illness among animals.
26. What can we infer from Paragraph 4？
A. Ice Sheet will soon disappear from the Earth.
B. Sea levels are rising faster in recent years.
C. Greenland will be the first to lose all its ice.
D. All natural disasters happen due to sea level rise.
27. What could be the best title for this passage
A. Effect of Melting Ice Sheets B. Ice, Sea and Animals
C Greenland and Antarctica D. Changes of Sea Levels
C
My last foreign journey before lock down was to Shanghai—a place I’d visited nearly 30 years ago. This time, I spotted the hotel I’d stayed in on my first trip and was shocked by how many memories came flooding back. I was astonished at just how much I recognized.
Even more amazing was how much the place made me remember. Suddenly I was the “me” from 30 years ago. The design, the decoration, the smell ... they were all working together to take me back in time, in rich detail, and with a powerful emotional kick.
Buildings often have this power to cause our recall. On a scientific level, it’s all about context. What you remember is linked strongly to where you were at the time. So, returning to that physical space helps to bring it back to mind, especially with all the sense factors there to help. That’s why it can be so difficult to remember something you’ve learned in one place when you’re somewhere else. In an exam hall, for example, it’s harder to recall information than in the room where you went over lessons.
But it’s not all about location. Emotional context is equally important. When you revisit somewhere and it reminds you of how you felt in the past, those familiar feelings can bring everything else back.
You don’t even have to return physically. You can go there in your imagination and still enjoy reconnecting with your past (in exams, I used to “imagine” myself back into my bedroom!).
Try it now. Pick a building you feel nostalgic about, and imagine standing there, looking around. If a pleasant detail comes to mind, focus on it for a moment, in case it starts a chain reaction of recall. What can you hear, smell, touch or taste there, too
Most importantly, get yourself into feelings about “being” in this space. You’ll create a powerful mental circle: the physical details awaken your feelings, and those feelings bring back more and more details about your past.
Start seizing every opportunity you get to revisit meaningful buildings, either for real or in your imagination. It’s a great way to keep your recall alive and your confidence high. And I bet you’ll be surprised by just how many memories fall back into place!
28. Why does the writer mention the hotel in Shanghai
A. To show his special fondness of it.
B. To ask readers to revisit old buildings.
C. To introduce the topic of the article.
D. To connect old buildings with memories.
29. What can we learn from the power of buildings
A. It makes no sense to hold exams in exam halls.
B. Emotional context is less important than physical context.
C. Physical locations help to bring back one’s memories.
D. This power can only work with all sense factors.
30. What does “nostalgic” in Paragraph 6 mean
A. Remembering happy times in the past.
B. Hesitating about what to do in a place.
C. Looking back on ones’ former achievements.
D Showing worries about people and things.
31. According to the author, which is the best way to recall memories in a building
A. Repeat your past experiences in various places.
B. Set yourself there and catch any memory detail.
C. Disconnect your present feelings from past senses.
D. Never miss the chance to see meaningful buildings.
D
I got my COVID-19 vaccination (接种疫苗) last Thursday at Strong Memorial Hospital. The University emailed six messages to me, telling me that I was able to schedule a vaccine appointment. To get rid of my needle fear, I turned to Johnson & Johnson’s to avoid a second appointment and a second injection(注射).
Getting the vaccine was probably the easiest medical appointment I’ve ever had. Once I was inside, it took me about five minutes to show someone my ID and wait in line. I was in and out of my appointment in less than 30 minutes.
That night, however, the vaccine absolutely kicked my ass. I’ve heard a variety of stories from different people about the strong reactions, but I was having a bad time. For the next 24 hours, I was achy, had a slight fever, and suffered a pounding headache.
I felt terrible. But I’d do it again in a heartbeat.
Here are some reasons, both selfish and selfless, why you should get vaccinated as soon as possible.
Like everyone else, you probably preferred normal college life over what it’s been like for the past year. You probably enjoyed hanging out with friends, without having to worry about masks.
Getting vaccinated saves lives. Even the WHO does not know what percentage of the population needs to be vaccinated in order to achieve herd immunity (群体免疫) against COVID-19. But in the case of other common viruses, we typically need around 93% to 95% of the population to be vaccinated, meaning that people who are able to get the vaccine have a duty to do so.
I have every reason to believe that I don’t need the vaccine. I’m a healthy young adult and I don’t have a job that puts me at a high risk, nor do I have any duties that require my in-person presence. Despite all that, I still got the vaccine.
There is no excuse. Get vaccinated.
32. Why did the author choose Johnson & Johnson’s
A. Because the author was informed by the university.
B. Because the author was able to get the vaccine.
C. Because the author was so afraid of needles.
D. Because the author wanted to challenge himself.
33. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean
A. The author’s ass ached because of the vaccine.
B. The author was dying from a serious reaction.
C. The author was safe and sound like many people.
D. The author suffered a lot from the vaccination.
34. What can we learn from the passage
A. It took the author quite a long time to get the vaccine.
B. It is unnecessary for healthy adults to get vaccinated.
C. Getting vaccination is an effective way to beat COVID-19.
D. The author’s job increases the possibility of catching the virus.
35. What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage
A. To point out the terrible situation of COVID-19 at present.
B. To call on people to get vaccinated without any excuse.
C. To express the author’s appreciation for getting vaccinated.
D. To share an unforgettable experience of getting vaccinated.
江苏省扬州市2019-2020学年高一下学期期末考试试卷英语试卷（解析版）
第一节 单项选择(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Growing up, I understood one thing about my dad: he knew everything. This was our relationship: I asked him questions and he told me the answers. Is there really a man in the moon How do sailboats work In my teen years, he taught me things I’d need to know to survive in the real world. How to check your car. The correct knife to bring along.
When I moved out, I called him at least once a week, usually when something broke in my apartment. After I got married, I needed him less because I had my husband and Google. When I called our conversations changed into six words. Me: “Hi, Dad.” Him: “Hi, sweets. Here’s Mom.” (Because I still needed her - How do I cook chicken Do I need to call the doctor for my daughter’s fever ) I loved my dad, of course, but I wondered at times if maybe he had already shared everything I needed to know. Maybe I’d heard all his stories. Maybe, after knowing a man for 30 years, there’s nothing left to say.
Then, this past summer, my husband and I moved in with my parents for three weeks while our house was being repaired. They own a lake house, and Dad asked me to help him repair the walls. I didn’t balk— it was the least I could do for free rent(房租) — but I felt anxious. It was difficult. We got wet and sandy. But as we rebuilt the walls, my dad knowing exactly what went ______. I looked at him, “How do you know how to build walls ”
“I spent a summer in college building them.” “You did ” I thought I knew everything about my dad, but I never knew this. “Yep. Now let me teach you how to use this saw(锯子).” As he explained the skills, I realized that maybe it’s not that there’s nothing left to say. Maybe it’s just that I’ve spent my life asking him the wrong questions.
A few weeks later, after my family moved back into our own house, I called my parents. Dad answered. “Hi, sweets,” he said. “Here’s Mom.” “Wait, Dad,” I said. “How are you ” We ended up talking about work he was doing. Nothing life-changing. To anyone else, it would sound like a normal conversation between a dad and his daughter. But to me, it was a new beginning. I spent the first part of my life needing to talk to my dad. Now I talk to him because I want to.
41. It is unlikely that the author’s dad tried to teach her _______ when she was a teenager.
A. to swim in a river B. to make a fire safely
C. to climb mountains D. to solve a difficult math problem
42. What does the sentence “Hi, sweets. Here’s Mom.” mean in paragraph 2
A. The father sounded like the mother to make fun.
B The author did not want to speak to her parents.
C. The father then gave the phone to the mother.
D. The father brought up the author by himself.
43. The underlined word “balk” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. shout B. refuse C. smile D. talk
44. Which should we fill in the blank in paragraph 3
A. around B. by C. crazy D. where
45. The author wants to talk to her father now because _______.
A. there is still a lot left to say B. the author has to survive
C. the father asks her to do that D. the mother asks her to do that
B
First introduced in 1927, The Hardy Boys Stories are a series (系列) of books about the stories of brothers Frank and Joe Hardy, teenaged detectives who solve one mystery (神秘) after another. The cover of The Hardy Boys says that the author of the series is Franklin. Over the years, though, many fans of the books have been surprised to find out that Franklin is not a real person. If Franklin never existed, then who wrote The Hardy Boys Stories
The Hardy Boys are written through a process called ghostwriting (鬼手写作). A ghostwriter writes a book according to a fixed formula (公式). Although ghostwriters are paid for writing the books, their names do not appear on the published books. Ghostwriters can write books for children or adults, the content of which is various.
The idea for The Hardy Boys series was developed by a publisher named Stratemeyer. He noticed the increasing popularity of mysteries among adults, and thought that children would enjoy reading mysteries about younger detectives of their age. He first developed each book with an outline (提纲). Once having completed the outline, he then hired a ghostwriter to turn it into a book of over 200 pages. After finishing a draft (草稿) of a book, he or she would send it back to Stratemeyer, who would make a list of corrections and mail it back to the ghostwriter. The ghostwriter would improve the book according to Stratemeyer’s suggestions and then return it to him. Once Stratemeyer approved the book, it was ready to be published.
The Hardy Boys had a number of different ghostwriters producing books. However, the first ghostwriter, Leslie, proved to be the most influential. Although he was using prepared outlines as guides, Leslie developed the characters through his imagination. He was also responsible for the details in the story. For example, Leslie created Bayport, the Hardy Boys’ hometown, based on where he grew up.
Although The Hardy Boys were very popular with children, not everyone approved of them. Critics thought their stories were not real, since most teenagers did not have the same experience as Frank and Joe Hardy. Besides, many teachers and librarians are against the ghostwriting process, saying it was designed to produce books quickly, but not to create quality literature. Some libraries even refuse to include the books in their children’s collections.
46. Which of the following people was a real ghostwriter
A. Franklin B. Stratemeyer C. Leslie D. Joe Hardy
47. A ghostwriter is someone who _______.
A. only writes loving stories for adults B. doesn’t receive praise as the author
C. writes the content of his books freely D. doesn’t receive money for writing
48. According to the passage, it can be inferred that Leslie _______.
A. hated writing according to a fixed formula B. didn’t respect the art of ghostwriting
C. was unsuccessful in his writing career D. was a man of imagination and creativity
49. Some teachers and librarians dislike ghostwritten books because they _______.
A. believe the books were poor in quality B. consider mystery stories bad for adults
C. think the books were too expensive D. believe Stratemeyer cheated readers
50. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage
A. Ghostwriting: Create Quality Literature B. Who Was Leslie
C. The Hardy Boys: Ghostwriting a Series D. Why Were The Hardy Boys Published
C
In recent years, experiments examining exercise and weight loss have found that people lose far much less weight than expected, considering how many additional calories(卡路里) they are burning with their workouts.
Scientists have guessed that exercisers are likely to become hungrier and eat more after working out. They also may sit longer when not doing exercise. Together or separately, these changes could make up for the extra energy used during exercise.
To prove that possibility, scientists came up with the idea of using infrared light(红外线) to track mice’s movements in their cages. Then software can use that information to analyse their daily physical activity.
So the researchers prepared special cages, putting inside some locked running wheels, and let mice roam(闲逛) and explore for four days in the cages. This provided the researchers with information about how many calories each mouse burned every day.
Then the wheels were unlocked and for nine days, the mice could run at will, and they could decide how much to eat and when to get off the wheels, walking around. The mice,which enjoyed running, jumped readily on the wheels and started to run. On and off the wheels, they could run for hours. They showed a following height in their daily energy expenditure(支出) since they had added exercise to their lives.
But they did not change their eating habits. Although they were burning more calories, they did not eat more. They did, however, change how they moved. They now usually jogged on their wheels for a few minutes, jumped off, rested or roamed in a while, and then climbed back on the wheels, ran, rested, briefly roamed, and it repeated. These changes in how they spent their time almost counteracted(抵消) the extra calorie costs from running, says Daniel Lark, who led the new study.
What caused the running mice to run less is still uncertain. ''But it does not seem to have been tiredness or lack of time; wheel running is not arduous for mice, and does not fill their waking hours.'' Dr. Lark says.
Instead, he says, it is likely that the animals’ bodies and brains sensed the increasing energy expenditure when the mice began to run and sent out biological signals that somehow advised the animals to slow down, save energy and lose weight.
Mice will never be people, of course, so we cannot say whether the results of this would directly apply to us, Dr. Lark says. But the results do indicate that if we hope to lose more weight through, we should watch what we eat and try not to move less while we work out more.
51. What did NOT change for the mice in the experiment
A. How they moved. B. How long they ran.
C. How much they chose to eat. D. How they spent their time.
52. What happened to the mice in the experiment according to the 6th paragraph
A They didn't like to run the wheels. B. They ate more after running the wheels.
C. They spent less time roaming in the cage. D. They didn't need rest after running the wheels.
53. The underlined word ''arduous'' in paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to _______.
A. tiring B. energetic C. difficult D. different
54. Which of the following statements may Dr. Lark agree with
A. Wheel running costs the same amount of energy as roaming does.
B. The mice ran more because they really wanted to lose weight.
C. The experiment is a failure because the results don't apply to humans.
D. It might not be tiredness that caused the mice to run less.
55. The purpose of writing this passage is _______.
A. to prove that scientists' guess about exercising is wrong
B. to introduce a recent research on exercise and weight loss
C. to analyze how wheel running changes mice's movements
D. to explain why eating and running are bad for exercisers
答案：
江苏省扬州市2021-2022学年高一下学期期末考试试卷英语试卷（解析版）
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是几个旅行目的地的相关信息。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Carmarthenshire部分的“Activities include mountain biking in the Tywi Valley and waterfall hikes with views across the Brecon Beacons.(活动包括在泰威山谷骑山地自行车和瀑布徒步穿越布雷肯灯塔。)”可知，如果简对在山里骑自行车感兴趣，她可以去Carmarthenshire，故选D。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据Ecuador部分的“In Ecuador’s Choco cloud forest, more than 3,000ft above sea level, follow misty trails around species of plants found nowhere else on the planet.(在厄瓜多尔海拔3000多英尺的乔科云雾森林里，有许多在地球上其他地方找不到的植物，它们沿着云雾般的小径生长。)”可以推断出一些珍稀植物生长在Ecuador’s Choco cloud forest。故选B。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“To mark Earth Day on 22 April, consider a trip that celebrates all the natural beauty and variety of the world’s forests.(为了纪念4月22日的地球日，可以考虑一趟旅行来庆祝世界上所有的自然美景和各种各样的森林。)”可以推断出这篇文章应该属于报纸的Travel这一版块。故选B。
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. B 27. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是牡蛎可以帮助恢复水域和恢复海洋生物，以及牡蛎对整个生态系统的好处。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“The waters used to be full of oysters, which were collected for food and shells too much. Weather got warmer and New York City also dumped waste water and harmful chemicals into the river.(过去，海水中充满了牡蛎，人们为了食物和壳而过多地收集牡蛎。天气变暖，纽约市也向河里倾倒废水和有害化学物质。)”可知，造成哈德逊河牡蛎减少的因素包括：全球变暖、水污染和人类过度捕捞，不包括生物疾病，故选B。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“They are filter feeders, taking in water through their gills and filter out the food they eat, such as plankton and algae.(它们是滤食性动物，通过鳃吸收水，并过滤掉它们吃的食物，如浮游生物和藻类。)”可知，我们可以从第三段了解到牡蛎通常以浮游生物和藻类为食。故选A。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Large reefs weaken the shock of waves coming in from the ocean, and help lessen flood disaster and prevent gradual destruction of the coast.(巨大的牡蛎礁可以减弱来自海洋的海浪的冲击，帮助减少洪水灾害，防止海岸的逐渐破坏。)”可知，牡蛎礁可以减弱海浪的影响，减少洪水。故选B。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“They are part of a plan to create a healthier ecosystem in the river by increasing the oyster population.(这是一项计划的一部分，该计划旨在通过增加牡蛎数量，在河流中创造更健康的生态系统。)”和第二段的“Now, oysters may help to restore the waters and bring back marine life.(现在，牡蛎可以帮助恢复水域和恢复海洋生物。)”可知，本文主要讲的是牡蛎可以帮助恢复水域和恢复海洋生物，以及牡蛎对整个生态系统的好处，因此最恰当的题目是D选项“The oyster helps to improve river ecosystem(牡蛎有助于改善河流生态系统)”，故选D。
【答案】28. A 29. C 30. B 31. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍我们的饮食容易受到各种因素的影响，其中身边的人、社交媒体以及快餐食物的图片等对我们饮食的选择都会产生不同程度的影响。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“But are the decisions we make about our diet as free as we assume (但是我们关于饮食所做的选择是不是真如我们设想那样自由呢 )”以及第二段的首句“It appears we’re hugely influenced by other people — especially those closest to us — when it comes to what we eat.(当谈论我们吃什么时，我们似乎受到他人的影响很大，特别是那些和我们最亲近的人。)”与第二段的“Eating habits are also affected by what we see.(我们所看到的也会影响我们的饮食习惯。)”可知，作者通过下文的内容来回答在第一段所提出的问题，因此作者的写作的目是为了呈现影响我们饮食选择的各种因素。故选A项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段中““If all your friends on social media are posting pictures of themselves consuming fast food, it’s going to set a norm that eating fast food is what people do,” says Higgs.(Higgs说，“如果在社交媒体上你所有的朋友都在发他们吃快餐的照片，那这将建立一个标准：人们吃快餐是常态。”)”可知，Higgs认为关注社交媒体上朋友的动态会让人容易养成吃快餐的习惯。故选C项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句话“Humans are biologically prepared to seek out high-calorie food — an ability that helped our ancestors survive when they searched for food.( 从生物学角度讲，人类已经做好了寻找高卡路里食物的准备——这种能力曾帮助我们的祖先在寻找食物时生存下来。)”可知，我们天生就倾向选择高热量的食物。故选B项。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句话“All of the findings are bothering researchers about the effects of social media, whether good or bad.(关于社交媒体的影响，不论是好的还是坏的，所有的发现都困扰研究者们。)”可知，关于社交媒体对我们饮食的影响会成为研究者们的研究方向。故选D项。
【答案】32. A 33. C 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国面临着人口老龄化及人口出生率下降所带来的一些消极的影响，并分析了其原因及提出了对策。
【32题详解】
词句辨析题。根据第三段的前三句““The adverse impact of ageing is the slowdown in economic growth,” he told a finance conference in Beijing. “Ageing will lead to falls in savings, which in turn lead to falls in investment（投资）, which will be a huge thing in China.”(“老龄化的不利影响是经济增长放缓，”他在北京的一个金融会议上表示。“老龄化将导致储蓄下降，进而导致投资下降，这在中国将是一件巨大的事情。”)”可知，老龄化带来的影响是消极的、不利的。因此，adverse应为“不好的，负面的”意思。故选A项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段整段内容“Experts have pointed out that the biggest factor in the country’s falling birth rates is that there are far fewer women of childbearing age; a direct result of the one-child policy introduced by the government in 1980. The high cost of housing and education have further discouraged the desire of many Chinese couples, especially those living in cities, to have children.( 专家指出，中国出生率下降的最大因素是育龄妇女少得多；这是1980年政府推行独生子女政策的直接结果。高昂的住房和教育成本进一步打击了许多中国夫妇，尤其是生活在城市的夫妇想要孩子的愿望。)”可知，影响中国出生率降低的因素有育龄妇女少、高昂的住房和教育成本。故选C项。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Zheng said that the government should set up a pension(养老金)system to deal with the faster fall in population.(郑说，中国政府应该建立养老金体系来解决人口的较快减少问题。)”可知，建立养老金体系才是解决这个问题的关键。故选C项。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的第一句““The adverse impact of ageing is the slowdown in economic growth,” he told a finance conference in Beijing.(“老龄化的不利影响是经济增长放缓，”他在北京的一个金融会议上表示。)”以及第五段的“Experts have pointed out that the biggest factor in the country’s falling birth rates is that there are far fewer women of childbearing age; a direct result of the one-child policy introduced by the government in 1980. The high cost of housing and education have further discouraged the desire of many Chinese couples, especially those living in cities, to have children. (专家指出，中国出生率下降的最大因素是育龄妇女少得多；这是1980年政府推行独生子女政策的直接结果。高昂的住房和教育成本进一步打击了许多中国夫妇，尤其是生活在城市的夫妇想要孩子的愿望。)”可知， 在本文中作者客观地介绍专家们对于中国人口危机的看法，并没有发表个人观点。故选D项。
江苏省扬州市2020-2021学年高一下学期期末考试试卷英语试卷（解析版）
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍伦敦的免费旅游景点、交通卡以及一些游客须知。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Find the free attractions 部分的“Many of London’s top things to do, including the National Gallery, the British Museum and Hyde Park, are absolutely free to enjoy.（伦敦的许多顶级活动，包括国家美术馆、大英博物馆和海德公园，都是绝对免费的）”可知，the National Gallery为免费景点。故选D。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据Accept the rain部分的“A rain jacket, rain boots, and an umbrella will be very useful and necessary for your trip whenever.（无论何时，雨衣、雨靴和雨伞对你的旅行都是非常有用和必要的）”可推知，伦敦全年的天气的多变。故选B。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。本篇主要介绍伦敦的免费旅游景点、交通卡、餐饮以及一些游客须知。由此推知文章很有可能出现在报纸的旅游版块。故选A。
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. B 27. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了冰盖融化产生的影响。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Covering 5.4 million square miles in Antarctica and 656,000 square miles in Greenland (our two remaining ice sheets today), an ice sheet is actually a huge land of ice from the Ice Age. These sheets, over thousands of years, form by snow changing into ice over the winter, which doesn’t entirely melt during the summer.（覆盖南极洲540万平方英里和格陵兰岛65.6万平方英里(我们今天剩下的两个冰原)的冰盖实际上是冰河时代的一块巨大的冰陆地。这些冰原经过数千年的时间，在冬天由雪变成冰而形成，在夏天并不完全融化）”可知，冰盖是一大片存在了几个世纪的冰。故选C。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Many of these creatures rely on ice sheets as land for resting, hunting and protection, yet as the size decreases, they are forced out of their homeland in search of other land on which to live.（许多冰原生物依靠冰原作为休息、捕猎和保护的土地，但随着体积的减小，它们被迫离开家园，去寻找其他的陆地生存。）”和文章第三段“In the summer, frozen layers of land melts and releases trapped diseases which bring death to animals.（在夏天，冻土融化，释放出被困住的疾病，给动物带来死亡。）”可知，冰盖的融化导致动物饥饿和疾病。故选D。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“As a matter of fact, sea levels have risen about eight inches since 1880, three of which we’ve gained over the last 25 years.（事实上，自1880年以来海平面已经上升了8英寸，在过去的25年里上升了3英寸。）”可推知，近年来，海平面上升得更快。故选B。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“To understand the effect of ice melting around the world we first have to understand what an ice sheet actually is.（要了解全球冰层融化的影响，我们首先要了解冰盖到底是什么。）”以及下文对冰盖融化产生的影响的具体描述可知，文章主要介绍了冰盖融化的影响。由此可知，A项“冰盖融化带来的影响”可以作为本文标题。故选A。
【答案】28. C 29. C 30. A 31. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了重返旧地有助于帮助人们回忆起往事这一现象。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一自然段“This time, I spotted the hotel I’d stayed in on my first trip and was shocked by how many memories came flooding back.(这一次，我看到了我第一次旅行时住过的酒店，很多回忆像洪水一样涌了回来，这让我很震惊)”和第三自然段首句“Buildings often have this power to cause our recall.(建筑物通常有唤醒回忆的能力)”可推知，作者提到上海酒店的让自己回忆涌现的目的就是为了引出下文中的话题：建筑物有唤醒回忆的能力。故选C项。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三自然段“Buildings often have this power to cause our recall. (建筑物通常有唤醒回忆的能力)”和“What you remember is linked strongly to where you were at the time. So, returning to that physical space helps to bring it back to mind, especially with all the sense factors there to help.(你所记得的与你当时所处的位置有很大的联系。所以，回到那个物理空间有助于带回记忆，尤其是在所有感观因素参与共同作用的情况下)”可知，物理空间或物理位置，比如建筑，可以帮助我们找回记忆。故选C项。
【30题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第六自然段“Pick a building you feel nostalgic about, and imagine standing there, looking around. If a pleasant detail comes to mind, focus on it for a moment, in case it starts a chain reaction of recall.(选择一个让你感到nostalgic的建筑，想象自己站在那里，环顾四周。如果一个令人愉快的细节出现在脑海中，集中注意力一会儿，因为它可能引发一连串的回忆反应)”中“If a pleasant detail comes to mind”可知，你所选建筑是承载了愉快记忆的地方，所以 a building you feel nostalgic about是指能让你回忆起过去美好时光的建筑，句中nostalgic即“让你回忆起过去美好时光的”。故选A项。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三自然段“What you remember is linked strongly to where you were at the time. So, returning to that physical space helps to bring it back to mind(你的记忆与你当时所处的位置有很大的联系。所以，回到那个物理空间有助于把它带回到脑海中)”和第六自然段“Pick a building you feel nostalgic about, and imagine standing there, looking around. If a pleasant detail comes to mind, focus on it for a moment, in case it starts a chain reaction of recall.(选择一个你怀旧的建筑，想象自己站在那里，环顾四周。如果一个令人愉快的细节出现在脑海中，集中注意力一会儿，因为它可能引发一连串的回忆反应)”可推知，回忆一栋建筑里的记忆最好的办法就是的回到那里，重现记忆细节。故选B项。
【答案】32. C 33. D 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述自身经历并表明人们需要尽快打新冠疫苗的原因，号召人们没有任何借口地接种疫苗。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“To get rid of my needle fear, I turned to Johnson & Johnson’s to avoid a second appointment and a second injection(注射).”(为了摆脱对针头的恐惧，我求助于强生公司，以避免第二次预约和第二次注射。)可知，作者选择了强生公司，因为作者很怕针。故选C。
【33题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段第二句和第三句“I’ve heard a variety of stories from different people about the strong reactions, but I was having a bad time. For the next 24 hours, I was achy, had a slight fever, and suffered a pounding headache. ”(我从不同的人那里听到过各种关于强烈反应的故事，但我当时很难过。在接下来的24小时里，我感到疼痛，轻微发烧，头痛得厉害。)可知，“That night, however, the vaccine absolutely kicked my ass.”的意思是作者因接种疫苗而吃了很多苦头。故选D。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒第二段第一句和第二句“Getting vaccinated saves lives. Even the WHO does not know what percentage of the population needs to be vaccinated in order to achieve herd immunity (群体免疫) against COVID-19.”(接种疫苗可以挽救生命。即使是世界卫生组织也不知道需要接种疫苗以实现群体免疫COVID-19的人口比例。)可知，接种疫苗是抗击COVID-19的有效途径。故选C。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“There is no excuse. Get vaccinated.”(没有任何借口。接种疫苗。)可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是号召人们没有任何借口地接种疫苗。故选B。
江苏省扬州市2019-2020学年高一下学期期末考试试卷英语试卷（解析版）
【答案】41. D 42. C 43. B 44. D 45. A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲述了作者从童年到成年与父亲沟通的过程。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段末尾内容“In my teen years, he taught me things I’d need to know to survive in the real world. How to check your car. The correct knife to bring along.”可知，父亲教她的都是一些和在真实世界生存有关的最实用的知识。A项“to swim in a river(在河里游泳)”，B项“to make a fire safely(安全生火)”和 C项“to climb mountains(爬山)”都属于基本技能，D项“to solve a difficult math problem(解决一个数学难题)”则不属于与真实世界生存有关的基本技能。故选D项。
【42题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第二段中划线句之后的内容“Because her, I still needed-How do I cook chicken Do I need to call the doctor for my daughter’s fever ( 因为她，我仍然需要——我怎么做鸡肉 我女儿发烧了，我需要叫医生吗 )”表明了作者在婚后有不少问题要向母亲请教，且后文“I loved my dad, of course, but I wondered at times if maybe he had already shared everything I needed to know. Maybe I’d heard all his stories. Maybe, after knowing a man for 30 years, there’s nothing left to say.( 当然，我爱我的父亲，但有时我怀疑他是否已经分享了我需要知道的一切。也许我听过他所有的故事。也许，在认识一个男人30年后，已经没什么可说的了。)”可知，作者认为可以向父亲了解的不多了，因此，打电话的时候，作者的父亲已经习惯于在问候一句后就把电话交给作者母亲接听了。故选C项。
【43题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在句前文“They own a lake house, and Dad asked me to help him repair the walls.”以及后文“it was the least I could do for free rent”可知，父母拥有一个湖边房屋，父亲让我帮他修墙，因为我免费租住在父母处，这也是我能做的最基本的事情了；后文“It was difficult. We got wet and sandy.”可知，作者和父亲一起修墙了。由此可以推测，作者同意了父亲让她修墙的要求，没有拒绝。因此划线单词所在句“I didn’t balk”应是表达“没有拒绝”含义，balk可意为“拒绝”含义，与选项B“refuse”表达含义一致。故选B项。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据空后内容“I looked at him. “How do you know how to build walls ”可知，作者询问父亲怎么知道如何砌墙，由此可以推断所填空所在句“But as we rebuilt the walls, my dad knowing exactly what went ______.”应是表达在与作者一起砌墙的时候，父亲很清楚该怎么做，材料应该怎么放，放在何处。选项D“where”可填入空缺处，使句子“But as we rebuilt the walls, my dad knowing exactly what went where”表达“我们在砌墙的时候，父亲准确地知道什么材料应该放在什么地方”含义，符合语境表达。故选D项。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段末尾内容“As he explained the skills, I realized that maybe it’s not that there’s nothing left to say.”以及第五段末尾内容“But to me, it was a new beginning. I spent the first part of my life needing to talk to my dad. Now I talk to him because I want to.”可知，作者的父亲仍然有很多不为女儿知道的技能和知识，作者和父亲之间并非真的没有话题可以交流了。作者和父亲的交流，以前（小时候）是出于需要，现在出于内心（想要和父亲交流）。故选A项。
【点睛】细节理解题之事实细节题
事实细节题一般只针对某个特定的细节，题型可以多种多样。此类题型一般分为两种。第一种是直接理解题，在原文中可以直接找到答案；第二种是词义转换题，正确选项是原文关键词语和句子的转换。破解该题型一般采用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合，甄别，分析，对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。比如文章的第1小题：
1. It is unlikely that the author’s dad tried to teach her _______ when she was a teenager.
A. to swim in a river B. to make a fire safely
C. to climb mountains D. to solve a difficult math problem
关键词为“unlikely”“teach her”“when she was a teenager”，利用寻读法迅速定位原文内容“In my teen years, he taught me things I’d need to know to survive in the real world. How to check your car. The correct knife to bring along.”可知，作者的父亲在她青少年时期教给她的是如何在现实世界中生存的技能，根据题干关键词“unlikely(不太可能的)”可知，选项D“to solve a difficult math problem”属于学术方面，而非生活方面，因此D项应是该题的答案。
【答案】46. C 47. B 48. D 49. A 50. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了The Hardy Boys Stories系列丛书以及这系列书中运用的被称为“鬼手写作”的写作过程。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段关键句“The Hardy Boys had a number of different ghostwriters producing books. However, the first ghostwriter, Leslie, proved to be the most influential.”可知，The Hardy Boys有很多不同的影子写手，然而第一个影子写手Leslie被证明是最有影响力的，可推断出Leslie是一个真正的影子写手。故选C项。
【47题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“Although ghostwriters are paid for writing the books, their names do not appear on the published books.”可知，尽管ghostwriters（影子写手）是有报酬的，但他们的名字不会出现在出版的书上，因此他们也不会作为作者受到褒奖。故选B项。
【48题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段关键句“Leslie developed the characters through his imagination. He was also responsible for the details in the story.”可知，Leslie通过想象塑造了人物形象，他还对故事中的细节负责，可推断出他是一个有想象力和创造力的人。故选D项。
【49题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段关键句“Besides, many teachers and librarians are against the ghostwriting process, saying it was designed to produce books quickly, but not to create quality literature.”可知，许多教师和图书管理员反对鬼手写作过程，他们认为这种方式是为了快速出版书籍，但是这些书的质量却很差。故选A项。
【50题详解】
主旨大意题。本题需要为文章选择合适的题目，浏览全文，根据第一段关键句“First introduced in 1927, The Hardy Boys Stories are a series (系列) of books about the stories of brothers Frank and Joe Hardy, teenaged detectives who solve one mystery (神秘) after another.”可知，文章第一段介绍了The Hardy Boys Stories系列丛书。再根据其他段落反复出现的关键词“ghostwriting”可知，其余段落介绍的是The Hardy Boys Stories系列丛书中运用的被称为“鬼手写作”的写作过程，The Hardy Boys: Ghostwriting a Series能够将两方面内容结合，符合文章主旨。故选C项。
【答案】51. C 52. C 53. A 54. D 55. B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。本文最近的一个关于运动和减肥关系的研究实验，用转轮对老鼠进行实验，分析运动达不到预期减肥效果的原因。
【51题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段中的Although they were burning more calories, they did not eat more可知，尽管这些老鼠燃烧了能量，但是它们的食量没有增加。C. How much they chose to eat.(它们选择吃多少)符合以上说法，故选C项。
【52题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段的They now usually jogged on their wheels for a few minutes, jumped off, rested or roamed in a while, and then climbed back on the wheels, ran, rested, briefly roamed, and it repeated.(现在，它们通常在轮子上小跑几分钟，跳下来，休息或闲逛一会儿，然后爬回轮子上，跑步、休息、短暂漫步，这样重复着)可知，解锁转轮后，老鼠闲逛的时间变短了。C. They spent less time roaming in the cage.(它们花更少的时间在笼子里闲逛)符合以上说法，故选C项。
【53题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第七段的But it does not seem to have been tiredness or lack of time; wheel running is not arduous for mice, and does not fill their waking hours.可知，但这似乎并不是应为疲劳或者缺乏实践。轮跑对于老鼠来说并不arduous，也不会占用它们醒着的时间。根据句意，尤其tiredness 猜测划线部分的意思是“费力的”A. tiring(令人疲倦的)符合以上说法，故选A项。
【54题详解】
细节理解题。根据第七段的What caused the running mice to run less is still uncertain. “But it does not seem to have been tiredness or lack of time可知，究竟是什么让老鼠跑得更少还不确定，但Dr. Lark 认为似乎并不是因为劳累或缺少时间。D. It might not be tiredness that caused the mice to run less.(让老鼠跑得更少的可能不是劳累)符合以上说法，故选D项。
【55题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其第一段的In recent years, experiments examining exercise and weight loss have found that people lose far much less weight than expected(近年来，关于锻炼和减肥的实验表明，人们减去的重量远比预期小)和第三段To prove that possibility, scientists came up with the idea of using infrared light(红外线) to track mice's movements in their cages. (为了证明这种可能性，科学家们想出了利用红外线来跟踪笼子里老鼠的动作)可推测，文章的主要目的是介绍最近的一个关于运动和减肥关系的研究实验。B. to introduce a recent research on exercise and weight loss(为了介绍一个关于运动和减肥关系的研究实验)符合以上说法，故选B项。

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