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上海名校高一最新英语试题精选速递
1.【上海市上海中学2022--2023学年高一上学期期中】
(C)
Since teenage friendships are often a never-ending revolving door of gossip between peers, what can be said about high school friendships How long can they last outside of high school And how does one affect an individual
Growing up with movies such as “High School Musical” and “Grease”, which portrayed the ideal high school friendships, we sometimes have the expectation of having a perfect relationship, staying in contact after graduation, possibly even graduating from college together and becoming lifelong friends.
Chances are you may experience genuine and pare friendships but still encounter failed ones, so high school is a time to think about what kind of people you do and do not want in your life. Although most adults see high school drama as silly, teenagers can be in the “this is the end of the world” mindset when it comes to minor inconvenience. Most teens have not realized the big question when dealing with high school problems: In five years, will this still matter It is hard to look at the big picture when the problems are in front of you, which is understandable. However, most teens need a moment to weigh and question if the problem matters in the long run.
“In the end, the friends who are inclusive and only want to see you happy and successful are the ones that really matter. Those people have helped me grow as a person. Drama is drama, and there’s no way to get around it, but if you focus on those positive people, you are sure to live a happy life socially and individually,” Karen Hart said.
As time goes on, the fiends you were in contact with after high school slowly dwindle. People embark on different pathways and go different directions. Briana Lopez, Class of 2008 graduate and current substitute teacher, said, “I am currently in contact with two high school friends. I think the friendship experiences I had in high school shaped who I am because I learned to be open-minded and be friend all kinds of people. I learned to see people for who they are, not what they wear or who they hang out with. I learned most of all how to be a good friend.”
High school is a small percentage of your life, but it has a huge impact on who you will become and where you will go. Friendships and relationships help mold who you are, be they good or bad. Lessons are brought, and lessons are learned. If you are currently dealing amongst high school drama, ask yourself: In five years, will this really matter
57. The author mentioned “High School Musical” and “Grease” in paragraph 2 mainly to show ________.
A. high school relationships are not ideally portrayed
B. such movies are quite popular among grown-ups
C. teenage viewers expect perfect school friendships
D. high school friends always become lifelong friends
58. If Lily, a 16-year-old high school student finds difficulty dealing with high school drama, which of the following tip might be helpful
A. Ask herself: “In five years, is it a big deal ”
B. Feel worried about “this is the end of the world”.
C. Treat failed friendships equally as genuine ones.
D. Pay close attention to the problem facing her.
59. The underlined word “dwindle” (Line 1, Paragraph 5) is closest in meaning to ________.
A. become greater, more serious or more extreme
B. improve something and make it more successful
C. return to a normal condition after difficulty
D. decrease in size, amount value, or degree
60. According to the passage, how do high school friendships impact an individual
A. Exclusive friends help one grow and live a pleasant life.
B. They may shape one’s personality and paths in the future.
C. One tends to judge people based on appearance and style.
D. Positive friends reach out to help avoid high school drama.
【答案】57. C 58. A 59. D 60. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们高中时期的友谊可能产生的影响和应该如何看等待高中时期的友谊。
【57题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Growing up with movies such as “High School Musical” and “Grease”, which portrayed the ideal high school friendships, we sometimes have the expectation of having a perfect relationship, staying in contact after graduation, possibly even graduating from college together and becoming lifelong friends. (电影《歌舞青春》和《油脂》描绘了理想的高中友谊，在它们的陪伴下成长起来的我们，有时会期待拥有一段完美的友谊：在毕业后保持联系，甚至可能一起从大学毕业，成为一生的朋友)”可推知，作者在第二段提到《歌舞青春》和《油脂》主要是为了说明青少年观众受电影影响，期待完美的校园友谊。故选C项。
【58题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Although most adults see high school drama as silly, teenagers can be in the “this is the end of the world” mindset when it comes to minor inconvenience. Most teens have not realized the big question when dealing with high school problems: In five years, will this still matter It is hard to look at the big picture when the problems are in front of you, which is understandable. However, most teens need a moment to weigh and question if the problem matters in the long run.(尽管大多数成年人认为高中关于友谊的闹剧是愚蠢的，但青少年在遇到这类小麻烦时可能会有“这是世界末日”的心态。大多数青少年在处理高中问题时没有意识到一个更重要的问题：五年后，这还会重要吗？当问题就在眼前的时候，很难看到大局，这是可以理解的。然而，大多数青少年需要一点时间来权衡和思考这个问题是否有长期的影响)”可推知，如果16岁的高中生莉莉在处理关于友谊的闹剧方面遇到困难，作者会建议她问自己：五年后，这还会重要吗？故选A项。
【59题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词所在部分“As time goes on, the fiends you were in contact with after high school slowly dwindle. People embark on different pathways and go different directions.(随着时间的推移，你在高中毕业后接触的朋友会慢慢dwindle。人们走上不同的道路，走向不同的方向)”中“As time goes on”和“People embark on different pathways and go different directions.”可推知，因为毕业后走上了不同的道路和方向，高中的朋友会渐行渐远，越来越少，dwindle即“decrease in size, amount value, or degree (大小、数量、价值或程度的减少)”。故选D项。
【60题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“High school is a small percentage of your life, but it has a huge impact on who you will become and where you will go. (高中生活只占你生活一小部分，但它对你将来成为什么样的人、你要去哪里有着巨大的影响)”可推知，高中友谊可能会塑造一个人的个性和他未来的道路。故选B项。
(D)
For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help ease the effects of a warmer world. Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behavior. In a paper published in Trends in Ecology & Evolution, a team led by Sara Ryding, a PhD candidate at Deakin University, in Australia, shows that is already happening. Climate change is already altering the bodies of many animal species, giving them bigger beaks(喙), limbs(肢) and ears.
In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, a kind of small and grayish birds, found the same pattern. Similar trends are seen in mammals, with species of mice, shrews(鼩鼱) and bats evolving bigger ears, tails, legs and wings.
All that matches nicely with evolutionary theory. “Allen’s rule”, named after Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger appendages(附肢) than those in temperate regions. Such adaptations boost an animal’s surface area relative to its body volume, helping it to shed extra heat. Being richly equipped with blood vessels, and not covered by protective feathers, beaks wake an ideal place for birds to get rid of heat, Fennec foxes, meanwhile, which are native to the Sabara desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins.
Ms. Ryding examined museum specimens, comparing their bodies to those of their modem counterparts. She is not the first researcher to employ that method. But it is hard, when dealing with individual species, to prove that climate change was the cause of an anatomical(解剖的) alteration. All sorts of other factors, from changes in prey to the evolving reproductive preferences of males or females, might possibly have been driving the changes.
Looking at the bigger picture makes the pattern clearer, says Ms. Ryding. Her team combined data form different species in different places. Since they have little in common apart from living on a warming planet, she says, climate change is the most credible explanation.
For now, at least, the increase is small, never much more than 10%. That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs, it is unclear how far the process might go. Bigger beaks might interfere with feeding, for instance. Larger wings are heavier, and bigger legs cost more energy to grow.
Studying a broader range of animals will help firm up exactly what is happening. Much of Ms. Rying’s data concern birds, with less information available for other groups. But it seems clear that the world of the future is not just going to be hotter than humans are used to. The animals living in it will look different, too.
61. How is climate change altering the bodies of animal species
A. Beaks of North American dark-eyed juncos have grown by 4% to 10%.
B The leg size of mammals like mice and shrews has increased since 1871.
C. Australian parrots now possess tails 4% longer than they used to.
D. Bats have seen a dramatic increase in the size of their ears and wings.
62. According to Allen’s rule why do animals experience anatomical alteration
A. To reduce the ratio between surface area and volume.
B. To avoid damaging blood vessels in their appendages.
C. To assist creatures in letting off unnecessary heat.
D. To catch prey more efficiently in the Sahara desert.
63. Which of the following statements is true about Sara Ryding’s research
A. Her team is among the first to compare museum specimens to modern animal bodies.
B. It has ruled out the possibility that changes in prey will drive the anatomical alteration.
C. Her team collected data of individual animal species from a limited geographical range.
D. It’s adopted a comprehensive angle to prove that climate change Has altered animals’ body.
64. What can we infer from Paragraph 6
A. Animals will continue to experience increases in their appendages by 10%.
B. Changes in animal bodies will hopefully provide chances for profitable trade.
C. Such evolutionary adaptation will likely impose heavier burdens on animals.
D. Global warming will surely contribute to animals’ body change for the better.
65. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage
A. More Solutions are Needed as the Planet Earth Heats up
B. The Effects of a Warmer World are Visible in Animals’ Bodies
C. Global Warming Triggers Extreme Heat and Loss of Species
D. Animals Threatened by Global Warming are Crying for Help
【答案】61. A 62. C 63. D 64. C 65. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，本文主要介绍了动物是如何改变他们的身体来适应气候变化的。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, a kind of small and grayish birds, found the same pattern.(例如，自1871年以来，一些澳大利亚鹦鹉的喙尺寸增加了4%到10%。另一项研究，这次是在北美的黑眼睛juncos，一种小而灰白色的鸟，发现了同样的模式)”可知，气候变化使北美黑眼睛juncos的喙增加了4%到10%，故选A。
【62题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Such adaptations boost an animal’s surface area relative to its body volume, helping it to shed extra heat.(这种适应性增加了动物相对于身体体积的表面积，帮助它散发额外的热量)”可知，动物经历解剖结构的改变是为了帮助动物释放不必要的热量。故选C。
【63题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“Her team combined data form different species in different places. Since they have little in common apart from living on a warming planet, she says, climate change is the most credible explanation.(她的团队结合了来自不同地方不同物种的数据。她说，除了生活在一个变暖的星球上，他们几乎没有共同点，气候变化是最合理的解释)”可知，Sara Ryding的研究采用了一个全面的角度来证明是气候变化改变了动物的身体，故选D。
【64题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段中“Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs, it is unclear how far the process might go. Bigger beaks might interfere with feeding, for instance. Larger wings are heavier, and bigger legs cost more energy to grow.(由于任何进化适应都需要权衡利弊，尚不清楚这个过程会走多远。例如，更大的喙可能会妨碍进食。更大的翅膀更重，更大的腿需要更多的能量来成长)”可知，这种进化适应可能会给动物带来更沉重的负担，故选C。
【65题详解】
主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Climate change is already altering the bodies of many animal species, giving them bigger beaks(喙), limbs(肢) and ears.(气候变化已经改变了许多动物的身体，使它们的喙、四肢和耳朵变大)”可知，本文主要介绍了气候变化已经改变了许多动物的身体。B项“全球变暖的影响可以在动物身上看到”适合作为文章标题。故选B。
2.【上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中】
(C)
Mental illness and disability were family problems for English people living between 1660 and 1800. Most women and men who suffered from mental illness were not institutionalized as this was the period before the extensive building of mental hospitals. Instead, they were housed at home, and cared for by other family members.
Now a new study by Cambridge historian Dr. Elizabeth Foyster will reveal the impact on families of caring for mentally ill and disabled relatives.
Much has been written about the insane themselves but few studies have considered mental illness from the perspective of the carers. The lifetime burden of caring for those individuals whose mental development did not progress beyond childhood, and who contemporaries labeled as ‘idiots’ or ‘fools’, has been little explored by historians. Foyster’s research, which has been funded by the Leverhulme Trust, will carefully examine the emotional and economic consequences for families at a time when the Poor Law bound them to look after their mentally ill and disabled family members.
By asking key questions about the impact of ‘care in the community’ in the 18th century, Foyster hopes that her research will bridge social and medical history. Specifically, she aims to provide an historical perspective for contemporary debates such as how resources can be stretched to provide for children with learning difficulties and an aging population.
“The stresses and strains of family were worsened by high infant mortality and low life expectancy, and many individuals were pushed towards mental breakdown,” she explained. “Moreover, inherited conditions, senility(高龄) and what today would be described as ‘special needs’ could put great emotional demands on family members who had primary responsibility for their sick or disabled relatives.”
The research will shed light upon how caring for the mentally ill and disabled raised difficult issues for families about the limits of intergenerational responsibility, and whether family ties were weakened or strengthened by the experience. The questions of how far shame was attached to having insanity or idiocy within a family, and at what point families began to seek outside help, will also be addressed.
“The family must have seemed an inescapable feature of daily life between 1660 and 1800,” said Foyster. “Although there were those who were abandoned and rejected, for the majority, mental disability was accommodated within the family unit. I aim to get to the heart of what this really meant for people’s lives.”
48. Which is NOT the reason why those mentally ill and disabled were not institutionalized from 1660 to 1800
A. Mental illness and disability were family problems then.
B. The extensive building of mental hospitals didn’t start yet.
C. They were abandoned by the government and the family.
D. The family would be found guilty if they didn’t care for them.
49. Why does Foyster want to carry out this study
A. Because it can provide some food for thought for some current social issues.
B. Because the stresses and strains of family life have driven many people crazy.
C. Because she’s looking for ways to communicate with the sick or disabled people.
D. Because the limits of intergenerational responsibility in such families, interest her.
50. Which question will NOT be studied in the research
A. How should resources today be stretched to provide for an aging population
B. How did caring for the sick and disabled affect the family’s earning power
C. How shameful did a family feel when their insane or disabled relatives were found out
D. At what point did those families have to begin to look for outside help
51. The passage is written in order to ________.
A. reveal the impact on families of caring for mentally ill and disabled relatives
B. provide an historical perspective to contemporary debates
C. shed light upon whether family ties were weakened or strengthened
D. introduce a new historical study carried out by a Cambridge historian
【答案】48. C 49. A 50. A 51. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了剑桥历史学家伊丽莎白·福斯特博士的一项新研究将揭示照顾精神病患者和残疾亲属对家庭的影响。
【48题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“as this was the period before the extensive building of mental hospitals.”可知，这是在精神病院广泛建立之前的时期，根据第一段中的“Instead, they were housed at home, and cared for by other family members.”可知，相反，他们被安置在家里，由其他家庭成员照顾（当时精神疾病和残疾主要是家庭问题），根据第三段中的“at a time when the Poor Law bound them to look after their mentally ill and disabled family members.”可知，当时的济贫法规定家庭必须照顾患有精神疾病和残疾的家庭成员（不照顾他们就会被判有罪），以上三点是1660年至1800年精神病患者和残疾人没有被收容的原因，文中并没有提到原因是他们被政府和家庭遗弃。故C项正确。
【49题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的Specifically, she aims to provide an historical perspective for contemporary debates such as how resources can be stretched to provide for children with learning difficulties and an aging population”可知，具体地说，她旨在为当代的争论提供一个历史视角，例如如何利用资源为有学习困难和人口老龄化的儿童提供帮助。由此可知，她进行这项研究的原因是它能为当前的社会问题提供一些发人深思的东西。故A项正确。
【50题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“will carefully examine the emotional and economic consequences for families at a time when the Poor Law bound them to look after their mentally ill and disabled family members.”可知，该研究将仔细研究在济贫法规定家庭必须照顾他们的精神病和残疾家庭成员的情况下照顾精神病患者和残疾人给家庭造成的经济后果，再根据倒数第二段中的“The questions of how far shame was attached to having insanity or idiocy within a family, and at what point families began to seek outside help, will also be addressed.”可知，我们还将讨论家庭中的精神错乱或白痴与羞耻感之间的关系，以及家庭在什么时候开始寻求外界帮助的问题，以上三个方面是该项研究要研究的内容，而没有提到要研究当今的资源应如何用于应对人口老龄化。故A项正确。
【51题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Now a new study by Cambridge historian Dr. Elizabeth Foyster will reveal the impact on families of caring for mentally ill and disabled relatives.”可知，本文主要介绍了剑桥历史学家伊丽莎白·福斯特博士的一项新研究将揭示照顾精神病患者和残疾亲属对家庭的影响，本文的目的就是介绍这项新的历史研究。故D项正确。
【点睛】涉及到文章意图的推理判断题难度较大，抓住文章主题是关键，例如本篇第4题，根据第二段“Now a new study by Cambridge historian Dr. Elizabeth Foyster will reveal the impact on families of caring for mentally ill and disabled relatives.”可知，本文主要介绍了剑桥历史学家伊丽莎白·福斯特博士的一项新研究将揭示照顾精神病患者和残疾亲属对家庭的影响，因此本文的目的就是介绍这项新的历史研究。故D项正确。
3.【上海市建平中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】
C
About 50 years ago, the famous British band The Beatles sang that “money can’t buy me love”. Today, British economists are saying that it perhaps can’t buy you happiness cither. This is showed by the Happy Planet Index (HPI 快乐指数) published recently by the New Economics Foundation (NEF) in London.
The index is about how well countries are using their resources. It shows how well they provide people with better health and longer and happier lives, and at what cost to their environment.
It would seem to be common sense that people in richer countries live happier lives, while those in developing countries are having a harder time. But the results are surprising, even shocking. The numbers show that some of the so-called developed countries are performing very badly. The United States, for example, ranks number 150th. On the other hand, some little-known developing countries are doing a much better job. A tiny island in the Pacific, Vanuatu, comes in first. There are 178 countries and areas in the index. China ranks number 31.
Countries are graded on the basis of information supplied in response to the following questions. How do people feel about their lives How long does an average person live How greatly does a country need to use its natural resources to maintain its living standards This is what the index calls the “ecological footprint”.
The NEF found that the people of island nations enjoy the highest HPI rankings. Their populations live happier and longer lives, and use fewer resources.
The results also seem to show that it is possible to live longer, happier lives with a much smaller environment impact. The index points out that people in the US and Germany enjoy similar lives.
“However, Germany’s ecological footprint is only about half that of the US. This means that Germany is around twice as efficient as the US at producing happy lives,” says Nic Marks, head of NEF’s Center for well-being.
So the Happy Planet Index (HPI) tells us a brand-new concept of understanding “being happy”. HPI figures out different countries or individuals’ HPI through their “Ecological Footprint” and “Life Satisfaction Level” or “Life Expectancy”. Clearly, people’s HPI is related to their consumption of the resources on the earth.
You can find out your own HPI by visiting http: //www, happyplanetindex.org.
43. The passage is mainly about __________.
A. in which country people feel the happiest
B. why money can’t buy you happiness
C. what index can influence people’s happiness
D. what Happy Planet Index is
44. According to the passage, __________plays a major part in the index.
A. the richness of natural resources
B. the efficiency of energy consumption
C. the development of economy
D. the life expectancy of the people
45. What can we learn from the passage
A. The happiest countries listed in the index are quite different from those expected.
B. Developing countries are having & hard time reaching the top of the index.
C. Countries that have high HPI rankings have a greater impact on the environment.
D. The less happy countries depend on the developed countries’ resources.
46. The author cites Germany as an example to show that __________.
A. some developed countries are performing badly ecologically
B. it is possible to live a happy life with fewer resources
C. not all the people in developed countries enjoy happy lives
D. history and culture play an important role in people’s lives
【答案】43. D 44. B 45. A 46. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了最近发布的全球幸福指数说明的问题。
【43题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中“This is showed by the Happy Planet Index (HPI 快乐指数) published recently by the New Economics Foundation (NEF) in London.(伦敦新经济基金会（NEF）最近发布的全球幸福指数（HPI）说明了这一点。)”等内容可知，本文主要是围绕着最近发布的全球幸福指数所说明的问题展开论述的。故选D项。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Clearly, people’s HPI is related to their consumption of the resources on the earth. (显然，人类的HPI与他们对地球资源的消耗有关。)”可知，根据这篇文章，能源消耗效率在幸福指数中起着重要作用。故选B项。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“It would seem to be common sense that people in richer countries live happier lives, while those in developing countries are having a harder time. But the results are surprising, even shocking. The numbers show that some of the so-called developed countries are performing very badly. (富裕国家的人生活得更幸福，而发展中国家的人生活得更艰难，这似乎是常识。但结果令人惊讶，甚至震惊。数字表明，一些所谓的发达国家表现得非常糟糕。)”可知，指数中列出的最幸福国家与预期相差很大。故选A项。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段中“The index points out that people in the US and Germany enjoy similar lives. (该指数指出，美国人和德国人享受着相似的生活。)”和第七段中“However, Germany’s ecological footprint is only about half that of the US. This means that Germany is around twice as efficient as the US at producing happy lives.( 然而，德国的生态足迹只有美国的一半左右。这意味着德国在创造幸福生活方面的效率大约是美国的两倍。)”可知，作者以德国为例说明用更少的资源也能过上幸福的生活。故选B项。
D
We usually think of archaeology as involving brave explorers and lots of painstaking digging. But today, long-hidden cities are being revealed from the air, where modern archaeologists use laser beams to spot evidence of ancient life buried beneath thick vegetation.
Lidar, short for “light detection and ranging” (and a cousin of radio-based radar), involves directing a rapid succession of laser pulses at the ground from an airplane or a drone. Software captures the time and wavelength of the pulses reflected from the surface and combines it with GPS and other data to produce a precise three-dimensional map of the landscape below. These high-tech explorations have revealed long-buried Mayan cities.
In recent years, lidar has exposed a sprawling ancient city in western Mexico called Angamuco, The discovery of this long-lost Mexican large city is especially significant. Built by the Pur pecha, Angamuco was a major civilization in the early 16th century, before Europeans arrived. The city extended over ten square miles before it was covered by a lava flow. That is a huge area with a lot of people. There are about 40, 000 building foundations there, which is about the same number of building foundations that are on the island of Manhattan. The Pur pecha’s main buildings were loosely sited in eight zones around the edges rather than being located in one large center.
“To think that this massive city existed in the heartland of Mexico for all this time and nobody knew it was there is amazing,” says Chris Fisher, an archaeologist who led the expedition.
The revelation of Angamuco is a prime example of the power and promise of lidar. Archaeologists discovered signs of the buried city in 2007 and initially attempted to explore it using a traditional “boots on the ground” approach. But the team soon realized that with the rugged terrain, it would take at least a decade to outline the entire massive city.
In 2011, they began using lidar to map nearly 14 square miles, revealing many astonishing features, from pyramids and temples to road systems, garden areas, and even ball courts. This gave them the “map” they needed to know where to explore further. So far, Fisher and his team have verified more than 7,000 architectural features over a 1.5-square-mile area. The earliest artifacts include ceramic fragments and other remains dating as far back as AD 900.
All told, researchers now believe that more than 100, 000 people lived in Angamuco from about AD 1000 to AD 1350. That makes it the biggest city in western Mexico at the time-or at least the biggest city we know about so far.
“Everywhere you point the lidar instrument, you find new stuff,” says Fisher. “Right now, every textbook has to be rewritten, and two years from now, they’re going to have to be rewritten again.”
47. __________may be necessary aids when lidar is used.
A. GPS, software and laser pulses B. A drone, radar and a map
C. An aeroplane, software and GPS D. A drone, an aeroplane and a map
48. The underlined word “sprawling” in Para. 3 means the ancient city was __________.
A. planned in a detailed way B. spreading in an untidy way
C. massive but well-designed D. long-buried but well-preserved
49. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the city of Angamuco
A. Angamuco was the first ancient city discovered with radar.
B. The area of the city was as big as that of the island of Manhattan.
C. Angamuco was probably the biggest city in westen Mexico at that time.
D. The rugged terrain in Angamuco prevented the explorers from using radar.
50. What can be inferred from the passage
A. Lidar has been widely accepted by the archaeologists in western Mexico.
B. The current knowledge about the city of Angamuco might be out of date.
C. But for lidar it would be impossible to know what the city of Angamuco looked like.
D. The archaeologists spent almost ten years exploring Angamuco using traditional tools.
【答案】47. C 48. B 49. C 50. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家通过激光雷达发现了位于墨西哥西部的一座名为安加穆科的庞大古城。这座遗失已久的墨西哥大城市的发现意义非凡。文章介绍了这项技术的工作原理以及这座古城的相关情况。
【47题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Lidar, short for “light detection and ranging” (and a cousin of radio-based radar), involves directing a rapid succession of laser pulses at the ground from an airplane or a drone. Software captures the time and wavelength of the pulses reflected from the surface and combines it with GPS and other data to produce a precise three-dimensional map of the landscape below. These high-tech explorations have revealed long-buried Mayan cities.(激光雷达是“光探测和测距”的缩写（也是无线电雷达的近亲），涉及从飞机或无人机向地面定向快速连续的激光脉冲。软件捕捉从地表反射的脉冲的时间和波长，并将其与GPS和其他数据结合起来，生成下面景观的精确三维地图。这些高科技的探索揭示了埋藏已久的玛雅城市)”可知，一架飞机、软件和GPS可能是使用激光雷达时必要的辅助。故选C。
【48题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“Built by the Pur pecha, Angamuco was a major civilization in the early 16th century, before Europeans arrived.(由普尔佩查人建造的安加穆科是16世纪早期欧洲人到来之前的主要文明)”以及第三段中“The Pur pecha’s main buildings were loosely sited in eight zones around the edges rather than being located in one large center.(普尔佩查人的主要建筑松散地分布在周边的八个区域，而不是位于一个大的中心)”可知，激光雷达发现了位于墨西哥西部的一座名为安加穆科的庞大古城，而安加穆科是由普尔佩查人修建的，普尔佩查人修建的建筑松散地分布在周边的八个区域，故这座古城是以不规整的方式扩展的。故sprawl表示这座古城是以不规整的方式扩展的。故选B。
【49题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“That makes it the biggest city in western Mexico at the time-or at least the biggest city we know about so far.(这使它成为当时墨西哥西部最大的城市，或者至少是我们目前所知道的最大的城市)”可知，C项“安加穆科可能是当时墨西哥西部最大的城市”正确。故选C。
【50题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段““To think that this massive city existed in the heartland of Mexico for all this time and nobody knew it was there is amazing,” says Chris Fisher, an archaeologist who led the expedition.(带领探险队的考古学家克里斯·费舍尔说：“想想这个巨大的城市一直存在于墨西哥的中心地带，却没有人知道它的存在，这真是令人惊讶。”)”可推知，如果没有激光雷达，就不可能知道安加穆科城是什么样子。故选C。
4.【上海市控江中学2022-2023学年高一上学期英语期中】
(C)
“Wanna buy a body ” That was the opening line of more than a few phone calls I got from self-employed photographers when I was a photo editor at U.S. New. Like many in the mainstream press, I wanted to separate the world of photographers into “them”, who trade in pictures of bodies or run after famous people like Princess Diana, and “us”, the serious newspeople. But after 16 years in that role, I came to wonder whether the two worlds were easily distinguishable.
Working in the reputable world of journalism, I told photographers to cover other people’s difficult life situations. I justified marching into moments of sadness, under the appearance of the reader’s right to know. I worked with professionals talking their way into situations or shooting from behind police lines. And I wasn’t alone.
In any American town, after a car crash or some other horrible incident when ordinary people are hurt or killed, you rarely see photographers pushing past rescue workers to take photos of the blood and injuries. But you are likely to see local newspaper and television photographers on the scene-and fast...
How can we justify doing this Journalists are taught to separate, doing the job from worrying about the consequences of publishing what they record. Repeatedly, they are reminded of a news-business saying: Leave your conscience in the office. A victim may lie bleeding, unconscious, or dead. Your job is to record the image. You’re a photographer, not an emergency medical worker. You put away your feelings and document the scene.
But catastrophic events often bring out the worst in photographers and photo editors. In the first minutes and hours after a disaster occurs, photo agencies buy pictures. They rush to obtain the rights to be the only one to own these shocking images and death is usually the subject Often, an agency buys a picture from a local newspaper or an amateur photographer and puts it up for bid by major magazines. The most sought-after special pictures commend tens of thousands of dollars through bidding contests.
I worked on all those stories and many like them. When they happen, you move quickly: buying, dealing, trying to beat the agencies to the pictures.
Now, many people believe journalists are the hypocrites(伪君子) who need to be brought down, and it’s our pictures that most anger others. Readers may not believe, as we do, that there is a distinction between clear-minded ‘us" and mean-spirited “them”. In too many cases, by our choices of images as well as how we get them, we prove our readers right.
64. We can learn from the passage that________.
A. The author told photographers to take pictures of people’s happy life situations
B. Professional newspeople may talk their way into situations or shooting from behind police lines
C. In America, local newspaper and television photographers rarely push on the scene to take pictures of the victims
D. In America, photographers always push past rescue workers to take pictures of the victims
65. When journalists are working, they are told to________.
A. work with their conscience B. respect the privacy of the victim
C. separate their work from feelings D. ask police for permission to take photos
66. The 5th and 6th paragraphs mainly tell us that________.
A. speed determines the success of a news story
B. photo agencies are greedier than serious newspeople
C. photographers have free access to photos of accidents
D. profit is the driving force behind the competition for photos
67. It can be learned from the last paragraph that serious newspeople________.
A. obtain photos differently from news agencies
B. are no better than self-employed photographers
C. are more devoted to work than non-professionals
D. have a higher moral standard than self-employed photographers
【答案】64. C 65. C 66. D 67. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过描述记者和摄影师的职责，告诉我们他们的不同。
【64题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In any American town, after a car crash or some other horrible incident when ordinary people are hurt or killed, you rarely see photographers pushing past rescue workers to take photos of the blood and injuries.(在美国的任何一个城镇，在发生车祸或其他恐怖事件后，当普通人受伤或死亡时，你很少会看到摄影师挤过救援人员给满是给鲜血和受伤的人拍照。)”可知，在美国，当地报纸和电视台的摄影师很少到现场给受害者拍照。故选C。
【65题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Your job is to record the image. You’re a photographer, not an emergency medical worker. You put away your feelings and document the scene.( 你们的工作是记录影像。你是摄影师不是处理紧急事件的医务工作者。抛开你的感情,只管记录事件。)”可知，当记者在工作时，他们被告知要把工作和感情分开。故选C。
【66题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“They rush to obtain the rights to be the only one to own these shocking images and death is usually the subject Often, an agency buys a picture from a local newspaper or an amateur photographer and puts it up for bid by major magazines.( 他们急于获得权利，成为唯一拥有这些令人震惊的照片的人，而死亡通常是主题。通常，一家机构从当地报纸或业余摄影师那里购买一张照片，然后把它放到主要杂志上竞标。)”及第六段可知，这两段告诉我们摄影师去竞争独家照片是有利益驱使的。故选D。
【67题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“In too many cases, by our choices of images as well as how we get them, we prove our readers right. (在太多的时候，我们通过新闻照片的选择和得到这些照片的方式证明那些读者的想法是正确的。)”可知，作者想表达的观点是读者认为记者是“伪君子”的看法是对的，所谓严肃的新闻人其实和自由摄影师没有根本的差别。故选B。
(D)
The Ebro Delta, in Spain, famous as a battleground during the Spanish Civil War, is now the setting for a different contest, one that is making rice farmers fight against two enemies: the rice-eating giant apple snail, and rising sea levels. What happens here will have a bearing on the future of European rice production and the overall health of southern European wetlands.
Located on the Mediterranean, just two hours south of Barcelona, the Ebro Delta produces 120 million kilograms of rice a year, making it one of the continent’s most important rice-growing areas. As the sea creeps into these fresh-water marshes, however, rising salinity (盐度) is hurting rice production. At the same time, this sea-water also kills off the greedy giant apple snail, an introduced pest that feeds on young rice plants. The most promising strategy has become to play one enemy off against the other.
The battle is currently being waged on land, in greenhouses at the University of Barcelona. Scientists working under the banner “Project Neurice” are seeking varieties of rice that can withstand the increasing salinity without losing the absorbency that makes European rice ideal for traditional Spanish and Italian dishes.
“The project has two sides,” says Xavier Serrat, Neurice project manager and researcher at the University of Barcelona, “the short-term fight against the snail, and a mid- to long-term fight against climate change. But the snail has given the project greater urgency.”
Originally from South America, the snails were accidentally introduced into the Ebro Delta by Global Aquatic Technologies, a company that raised the snails for fresh-water aquariums (水族馆) but failed to prevent their escape. For now, the giant apple snail’s presence in Europe is limited to the Ebro Delta. But the snail continues its march to new territory, says Serrat. “The question is not whether it will reach other rice-growing areas of Europe, but when.”
Over the next year and a half investigators will test the various strains of salt tolerant rice they’ve bred. In 2018, farmers will plant the varieties with the most promise in the Ebro Delta and Europe’s other two main rice-growing regions along the Po in Italy, and France’s Rhone. A season in the field will help determine which, if any, of the varieties are ready for commercialization.
As an EU-funded effort, the search for salt-tolerant varieties of rice is taking place in all three countries. Each team is crossbreeding a local European short-grain rice with a long-grain Asian variety that carries the salt resistant gene. The scientists are breeding successive generations to arrive at varieties that incorporate salt tolerance but retain about 97 percent of the European rice genome (基因组).
68. Why does the author mention the Spanish Civil War at the beginning of the passage
A. It has great impact on the lives of Spanish rice farmers.
B. It is of great significance in the records of Spanish history.
C. Rice farmers there are engaged in another kind of battle of similar importance.
D. Rice farmers there are experiencing the hardships of wartime.
69. What may be the most effective strategy for rice farmers to employ in fighting their enemies
A. Striking the weaker enemy first. B. Killing two birds with one stone.
C. Eliminating the enemy one by one. D. Using one evil to fight against the other.
70. What does Neurice project manager say about the giant apple snail
A. It can survive only on southern European wetlands.
B. It will invade other rice-growing regions of Europe.
C. It multiplies at a speed beyond human imagination.
D. It was introduced into the rice fields on purpose.
71. What is the ultimate goal of the EU-funded program
A. Cultivating ideal salt-resistant rice varieties.
B. Increasing the absorbency of the Spanish rice.
C. Introducing Spanish rice to the rest of Europe.
D. Popularizing the rice crossbreeding technology.
【答案】68. C 69. D 70. B 71. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了西班牙埃布罗三角洲如今正被吃水稻的巨型苹果蜗牛和不断上升的海平面所威胁。文章解释了背后的原因，以及科学家们正在寻找能够承受不断升高的盐度、同时又不丧失吸收能力的大米品种，同时预计巨型苹果蜗牛未来会继续入侵欧洲其他水稻种植区。
【68题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“The Ebro Delta, in Spain, famous as a battleground during the Spanish Ci War, is now the setting for a different contest, one that is making rice farmers fight against two enemies: the rice - eating giant apple snail, and rising sea levels.”（西班牙的埃布罗三角洲曾是西班牙Ci战争期间著名的战场，现在这里又成了另一场竞赛的场地，在这场竞赛中稻农们与两个敌人作战:吃水稻的巨型苹果蜗牛和不断上升的海平面。）可知作者在文章的开头提到了西班牙内战，是因为那里的稻农正在进行另一种同样重要的战争。故选C。
【69题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The most promising strategy has become the play one enemy off against the other.”（最有希望的策略是一个敌人对付另一个敌人。）可知用一个敌人对付另一个敌人可能是稻农对付敌人最有效的策略。故选D。
【70题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第四段“For now, the giant apple snail’s presence in Europe is limited to the Ebro Delta. But the snail continues its march to new territory, says Serrat.”（目前，巨型苹果蜗牛在欧洲的存在仅限于埃布罗三角洲。但Serrat说，蜗牛继续向新的领域进军。）可知Neurice项目经理表示，巨型苹果蜗牛将入侵欧洲其他水稻种植区。故选B。
【71题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“As an EU - funded effort, the search for salt - tolerant varieties of rice is taking place in all three countries.”（作为欧盟资助的一项努力，这三个国家都在寻找耐盐水稻品种。）可知欧盟资助项目的最终目标是培育理想的耐盐水稻品种。故选A。
5.【上海进才中学2022--2023学年高一上学期期中考试】
C
We all have a tendency to fake laugh, particularly when authority figures in our lives try to make a joke that just doesn’t land. Though it might feel rude not to laugh when your in-laws or boss try to say something funny, pretending to do so might not be much better. It turns out, even if you think that your forced laughing sounds genuine, people are usually pretty good at separating truly spirited belly laughs from fake ones. But how can they possible know the difference
Well, when researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles studied the acoustic and perceptual differences between real and fake laughter, they found that some of the sounds associated with genuine laughter is “really hard to fake.” In their study, the researchers determined that subjects were only fooled by 37 percent of fake laughter.
The most prominent factor distinguishing real laughter from fake laughter is duration -- or, more specifically, the number of breaths taken in in between sounds. Seeing as it takes more effort and concentration to fake a laugh as opposed to do it genuinely, people tend to pause more in between their “ha-ha’s” when they’re faking it. Evidently, that pausing is pretty noticeable.
“A fake laugh is basically an imitation of a real laugh, but produced with a slightly different set of vocal muscles controlled by a different part of our brain,” Greg Bryant, the lead UCLA researcher on the study, explained. “The result is that there are subtle features of the laugh that sound like speech, and ... people are unconsciously quite sensitive to them.”
People have also proven to be emotionally sensitive to laughter as well. “Our rains are very sensitive to the social and emotional significance of laughter,” said Carolyn McGettigan, a scientist at Royal Holloway, University of London.
McGettigan conducted a 2014 study that recorded participants’ brain responses as they listened to the same people produce genuine laughter by watching funny videos, as opposed to fake laughter. “During our study, when participants heard a laugh that was posed, they activated regions of the brain associated with mentalizing in an attempt to understand the other person’s emotional and mental state,” she said.
So, while we may understand that certain social situations sometimes require fake laughter, most of the time, our instincts and emotional intelligence are just too smart to buy into them.
According to McGettigan, that’s a good thing. “Evolutionarily speaking, it’s good to be able to detect if someone is authentically experiencing an emotion or if they’re not,” she said. “Because you don’t want to be fooled.”
43. What do researchers at the University of California want to find out in this study
A. What is the difference between a fake laugh and a real one.
B. Which part of the brain controls the sound of our laughter.
C. Why do people need to fake laugh when they don’t want to.
D. How to laugh as genuinely as possible when you are faking it.
44. Your forced laughing is more noticeable than you think, mainly because_______.
A. you seem more concentrated when you laugh for real
B. you take more breaths when you try to fake a laugh
C. a fake laugh often happens after a sudden pause
D. a real laugh usually lasts longer than a fake one
45. Which of the following is true according to Greg Bryant
A. Real laughter is not at all controllable by our brain.
B. People may notice fake laughter without knowing why.
C. People use the same set of muscles to laugh and to speak.
D. Faking laugh shares the same techniques as making speech.
46. What has Carolyn McGettigan’s 2014 study proven
A. Certain social situations may require us to fake a laugh.
B. Evolution has enabled us to recognize other’s emotions.
C. By instincts, we are able to tell a person’s mental state.
D. We can sense other’s emotional state when they laugh.
【答案】43. A 44. B 45. B 46. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。我们都有一种假笑的倾向，尤其是当我们生活中的权威人物试图说一个无法成功的笑话时。事实证明，即使你认为你的强迫笑听起来很真实，人们通常很擅长区分真笑和假笑。一项针对真笑和假笑在声学和感知上的差异的研究发现，区分真笑和假笑最重要的因素是声音之间的呼吸次数。文章中两位研究人员对此进行了一些说明。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中Well, when researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles studied the acoustic and perceptual differences between real and fake laughter, they found that some of the sounds associated with genuine laughter is “really hard to fake.”可知加州大学洛杉矶分校的研究人员研究了真笑和假笑在声学和感知上的差异，他们发现一些与真笑相关的声音“真的很难假装”。由此可知，加州大学的研究人员想在这项研究中发现了假笑和真笑的区别。故选A。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中The most prominent factor distinguishing real laughter from fake laughter is duration —or, more specifically, the number of breaths taken in in between sounds. Seeing as it takes more effort and concentration to fake a laugh as opposed to do it genuinely, people tend to pause more in between their “ha-ha’s” when they’re faking it.可知区分真笑和假笑最重要的因素是持续时间，或者更具体地说，是声音之间的呼吸次数。假笑比真笑需要更多的努力和注意力，所以人们在假装笑的时候，往往会在“哈哈大笑”的间隙停顿更多。由此可知，你的假笑比你想象的更引人注目，这主要是因为当你试图假笑时，你会做更多的呼吸。故选B。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“The result is that there are subtle features of the laugh that sound like speech,and ... people are unconsciously quite sensitive to them.”可知“其结果是，笑声中有一些微妙的特征听起来像在说话，而且……人们在不知不觉中对它们相当敏感。”由此可推知，根据Greg Bryant 的说法，B选项“人们可能会在不知道原因的情况下注意到假笑声”正确。故选B。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“During our study, when participants heard a laugh that was posed, they activated regions of the brain associated with mentalizing in an attempt to understand the other person’s emotional and mental state,” she said.可知她说：“在我们的研究中，当参与者听到别人发出的笑声时，他们会激活大脑中与精神化相关的区域，试图理解对方的情绪和精神状态。”由此可知，Carolyn McGettigan 2014年的研究证明了当别人笑的时候，我们可以感觉到他们的情绪状态。故选D。
6.【上海市晋元高级中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中考试】
(C)
In 2019 air travel accounted for 2.5 percent of global carbon emissions, a number that could be more than doubled by 2050. While some airlines have started making up for their contributions to atmospheric carbon, significant cutbacks are still needed. Electric airplanes could provide the scale of transformation required, and many companies are racing to develop them. Not only would electric propulsion (推进) motors eliminate direct carbon emissions, they could reduce fuel costs by up to 90 percent, maintenance by up to 50 percent and noise by nearly 70 percent.
Cape Air, one of the largest regional airlines, expects to be among the first customers, with plans to buy the nine-passenger electric aircraft from Eviation. Cape Air’s CEO Dan Wolf has said he is interested not only in the environmental benefits but also in potential savings on operation costs. Electric motors generally have longer life spans than the hydrocarbon-fueled engines in his current aircraft; they need repairs at 20,000 hours versus 2,000.
Forward-propulsion engines are not the only ones going electric. NASA’s X-57 Maxwell electric plane, under development, replaces current wings with shorter ones that feature a set of distributed electric propellers (螺旋桨). On traditional jets, wings must be large enough to provide lift when a craft is traveling at a low speed, but the large surface area adds drag at higher speeds. Electric propellers increase lift during takeoff, allowing for smaller wings and overall higher efficiency.
For the foreseeable future, electric planes will be limited in how far they can travel. Today’s best batteries put out far less power by weight than traditional fuels: an energy density of 250 watt-hours per kilogram versus 12,000 watt-hours per kilogram for jet fuel. The batteries required for a given flight are therefore far heavier than standard fuel and take up more space. Approximately half of all flights globally are fewer than 800 kilometers, which is expected to be within the range of battery-powered electric aircraft by 2025.
Electric aviation faces cost and regulatory obstacles, but investors, corporations and governments excited by the progress of this technology are investing significantly in its development: some $250 million flowed to electric aviation start-ups between 2017 and 2019. Currently roughly 170 electric airplane projects are underway. Most electric airplanes are designed for private, corporate and commuter travel, but Airbus says it plans to have 100-passenger versions ready to fly by 2030.
53. What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in paragraph one
A. Airline’s current efforts to reduce carbon emissions are far from enough.
B. Airline companies haven’t invested enough in their technological development.
C. Only by promoting electric planes can airlines balance their carbon emission impact.
D. Airline companies alone cannot realize the global goal of carbon emission reduction.
54. Which of the following statements is TRUE about electric planes compared with traditional ones
A. After frequent maintenance, they last longer and produce less noise.
B. Electric propellers enable them to fly at low speed with great lift.
C. They are designed to accommodate a large number of passengers.
D. They can fly at lower speed with less drag with the help of bigger wings.
55. The limitation of electric planes is that __________.
A. the cost of energy per kilogram is higher for electric planes
B. existing batteries are too large and heavy to be placed inside the planes
C. the same weight of batteries holds less power than that of traditional fuel
D. half of the batteries have not been designed to sustain long distance flight
56. __________ serves as the most suitable title for this passage.
A. How Electric Aircraft Green Air Can Travel
B. World’s Electric Aircrafts Set for First Flight
C. How Electric Flights Will Change Our Future
D. Electric Flights Could Be Closer Than You Think
【答案】53. A 54. B 55. C 56. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为了减少碳排放以及降低飞行成本，一些航空公司将重点研发放在电动飞机上。同时文章介绍了电动飞机的优势与劣势，并指出在未来实现电动飞机是大势所趋。
【53题详解】
推理判断题。根据划线句“While some airlines have started making up for their contributions to atmospheric carbon, significant cutbacks are still needed.(虽然一些航空公司已经开始弥补它们对大气碳的贡献，但仍然需要大幅削减)”可知，当前虽然一些航空公司已经在不断努力地减少碳排放，可是效果远远不够，还需要加大力度去减少直接对大气的碳排放。故选A。
【54题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“On traditional jets, wings must be large enough to provide lift when a craft is traveling at a low speed, but the large surface area adds drag at higher speeds. Electric propellers increase lift during takeoff, allowing for smaller wings and overall higher efficiency.(在传统喷气式飞机上，机翼必须足够大，以便在飞机低速飞行时提供上升的动力，但大的表面积在高速飞行时增加阻力。电动螺旋桨增加起飞时的上升动力，使机翼更小，整体效率更高)”可知，在低速行驶时，电动螺旋桨使整体机翼变小，减少机身阻力，从而能够增加飞机起飞时上升的动力，提高飞机上升飞行的效率。故选B。
55题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“For the foreseeable future, electric planes will be limited in how far they can travel. (在可预见的未来，电动飞机的飞行距离将受到限制)”可知，电动飞机在飞行距离上是受限的，同时根据本段的“The batteries required for a given flight are therefore far heavier than standard fuel and take up more space.(因此，一次飞行所需的电池要比标准燃料重得多，占用的空间也更大)”可知，受限的原因在于电动飞机所需的电池要比标准燃料重得多，占用的空间也更大即电动飞机上同样重量的电池所能提供的能量比传统燃料要少。故选C。
【56题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“While some airlines have started making up for their contributions to atmospheric carbon, significant cutbacks are still needed. Electric airplanes could provide the scale of transformation required, and many companies are racing to develop them.(虽然一些航空公司已经开始弥补它们对大气碳的贡献，但仍然需要大幅削减。电动飞机可以提供所需的转型规模，许多公司都在竞相开发这种飞机)”可知，为了解决航空公司造成碳排放的消极影响，很多航空公司竞相开发电动飞机；同时阅读后文可知，文章讲述了电动飞机的优势即飞行成本。当然电动飞机也不是完美的，研发电动飞机同样面临诸多挑战如面临着研发成本高和监管障碍。根据最后一段中“but investors, corporations and governments excited by the progress of this technology are investing significantly in its development(但对这项技术的进步感到兴奋的投资者、企业和政府正在对其开发进行大量投资)”可知，尽管如此，电动飞机依旧备受投资者、企业和政府的青睐，在未来实现电动飞机也是大势所趋。由此可知，D选项“Electric Flights Could Be Closer Than You Think(距离实现电动飞机的梦想比你想象的要更接近)”适合文章的标题。故选D。
7.【上海财经大学附属北郊高级中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中】
(C)
Is Paperless Office Really Paperless
A rising economy increased paper sales by 6 to 7 percent each year in the early to mid-1990s, and the convenience of desktop printing allowed office workers to indulge anything and everything. In 2004, Ms. Dunn, a communications supplies director, said that plain white office paper would see less than a 4 percent growth rate, a primary reason for which is that some 47 percent of the workforce entered the job market after computers had already been introduced to offices.
For office innovators, the dream of paperless office is an example of high-tech arrogance（傲慢）. Today’s office service is overwhelmed By more newspapers than ever before. After decades of development, the American government can finally get rid of the madness on paper. In the past, the demand for paper has been far ahead of growth in the American economy, but the sales have slowed markedly over the past two to three years, despite the good economic conditions.
“Old habits are hard to break,” says Ms. Dunn. “There are some functions that paper serves where a screen display doesn’t work. Those functions are both its strength and its weakness.” Analysts attribute the decline to such factors as advances in digital databases and communication systems. Escaping our craving for paper, however, will be anything but an easy affair.
“We’re finally seeing a reduction in the amount of paper being used per worker in the workplace,” says John Maine, vice president of a paper economic consulting firm. “More information is being transmitted electronically, and an increasing number of people are satisfied that information exists only in electronic form without printing multiple backups.”
To reduce paper use, some companies are working to combine digital and paper capabilities. For example, Xerox is developing electronic paper: thin digital displays that respond to a stylus, like a pen on paper. Marks can be erased or saved digitally. Even with such technological advances, the increasing amounts of electronic data necessarily require more paper.
“The information industry today is composed of a thin paper crust surrounding an electronic core,” Mr. Saffo wrote. The growing paper crust is most noticeable, but the hidden electronic core is far larger and growing more rapidly. The result is that we are becoming paperless, but we hardly notice at all. “That’s one of the greatest ironies of the information age,” Saffo says. “It’s just common sense that the more you talk to someone by phone or computer, it inevitably leads to a face-to-face meeting. The best thing for the aviation industry was the Internet.”
41. Which of the following statements is NOT a reason for the slowdown in American paper sales
A. Workforce with better computer skills.
B. Slow growth of the U.S. economy.
C. Changing patterns in paper use.
D. Changing employment trends.
42. What does the last sentence in Para 3 mean
A. We have to look at paper consumption from different angles.
B. There is little chance that paper consumption will fall in the digital age.
C. Paper consumption will be greatly reduced in the digital age.
D. People are no longer so addicted to paper in the digital age.
43. The innovations from Xerox and other companies feature ___.
A. the intergration of digital technology with traditional paper
B. the chance from traditional paper to digital technology
C. the combination of the use of computer screens and cell phones
D. a new type of computer writing and communication
44. What can we draw from the example of the aviation industry in the last paragraph
A. The dream of the paperless office will be realized some day.
B. People usually prefer to have face-to-face meetings instead of using computers.
C. More digital data use leads to greater paper use in the digital time.
D. Some people are no longer opposed to video-conferencing.
【答案】41. B 42. B 43. A 44. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇社会类短文阅读。随着信息化的发展，越来越多的公司实行无纸化办公，但是，无纸化办公真的无纸吗？
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段In the past, the demand for paper has been far ahead of growth in the American economy, but the sales have slowed markedly over the past two to three years, despite the good economic conditions.可知，尽管美国经济状况良好，纸张的销售却显著放缓。故选B。
【42题详解】
句意理解题。根据文章第三段Analysts attribute the decline to such factors as advances in digital databases and communication systems. Escaping our craving for paper, however, will be anything but an easy affair.可知，分析人士认为纸张的下降归因于数字数据库和通信系统的进步等因素。然而，要摆脱对纸张的迫切需要绝非易事。所以这句话可以理解为：在数字时代，纸张消费下降的可能性很小。故选B。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段To reduce paper use, some companies are working to combine digital and paper capabilities.可知，为了减少纸张的使用，施乐公司与其他公司正在努力将数字和纸张功能结合起来。故选A。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段The result is that we are becoming paperless, but we hardly notice at all. “That’s one of the greatest ironies of the information age,” Saffo says. “It’s just common sense that the more you talk to someone by phone or computer, it inevitably leads to a face-to-face meeting. The best thing for the aviation industry was the Internet.可知，信息时代最大的讽刺是我们正在变得无纸化，从而可以推断出在数字时代，更多的数字数据的使用导致更多纸张的使用。故选C。
【点睛】推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感彩的词句，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。如小题4中考查最后一段举航空的例子，我们能得出什么结论。可以从原文最后一段的中心句That’s one of the greatest ironies of the information age再根据后面所举航空的例子，从而推断出答案。
8.【上海市光明中学2022-2023学年高一上学期11月期中英语】
(C)
People generally see themselves through achievements. In doing that, they end up caring more about their image than the reality of who they actually are. Rather than their work doing the talking, they end up defining themselves by external markers that they hope will earn them respect.
The problem with this is that it encourages both themselves and other people to judge their worth based on some relatively unimportant measure. For example, one day, their educational diploma (文凭) may overshadow what they actually learned. Therefore, a better way to know a person, I think, is to ask a different set of questions: What motivates them What makes them ache What do they long for
It’s in this spirit that I want to publicly share my values. They are the compass (罗盘) that guides my life. The kindest and most sincere thing I can do is to see, recognize, and understand another person before I make judgments. From there, I can learn to treat others appropriately, depending on the context, learning from my mistakes with time and experience. It’s just a reminder that life is hard for all of us, while at the same time accepting that it’s important we are all also held accountable for our actions.
I have learned that we are all deeply self-interested. I hope to be self-aware enough to check out of the power and status games. That means I’m not competing with anyone for a shiny object; I’d rather compete with myself. It’s about becoming so uniquely different that it would be an insult for me to measure myself against someone else. I believe if I do the work to be internally free from the pull of the power and status games, then I can add value to others based on my unique knowledge and experience.
If this resonates with (与……共鸣) you, I invite you to join me on this journey in understanding and relating to this complex world. It’s a wonderful mystery, and I think together we can better define it — not just personally, but also collectively.
58. According to the article, which of the following is TRUE
A. The external markers are better ways to know a person.
B. People generally judge others’ worth by what they have achieved.
C. The author is someone who is keen on power games.
D. Learning from mistakes is the first step of treating others kindly.
59. What does the underlined word “overshadow” probably mean
A. Be relatively similar to. B. Cause something to be stronger than.
C. Make something less important. D. Block off light from something.
60. What of the following might the author agree with
A. Life is hard, so we shouldn’t criticize others when they are not responsible.
B. One should overcome self-interest in order to judge others objectively.
C. Everyone is unique, so showing off uniqueness is an insult to others.
D. One should see and understand another person using a real compass.
【答案】58. B 59. C 60. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。在文章中，作者主要分享了自己理解世界的价值观。
【58题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“People generally see themselves through achievements. (人们通常通过成就来看待自己)”和第二段的“The problem with this is that it encourages both themselves and other people to judge their worth based on some relatively unimportant measure. (这样做的问题在于，它鼓励自己和其他人根据一些相对不重要的衡量标准来判断自己的价值)”可知，人们通常根据他人的成就来判断他人的价值。故选B项。
【59题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章第二段的“The problem with this is that it encourages both themselves and othe上海名校高一最新英语试题精选速递
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1.【上海市上海中学2022--2023学年高一上学期期中】
(C)
Since teenage friendships are often a never-ending revolving door of gossip between peers, what can be said about high school friendships How long can they last outside of high school And how does one affect an individual
Growing up with movies such as “High School Musical” and “Grease”, which portrayed the ideal high school friendships, we sometimes have the expectation of having a perfect relationship, staying in contact after graduation, possibly even graduating from college together and becoming lifelong friends.
Chances are you may experience genuine and pare friendships but still encounter failed ones, so high school is a time to think about what kind of people you do and do not want in your life. Although most adults see high school drama as silly, teenagers can be in the “this is the end of the world” mindset when it comes to minor inconvenience. Most teens have not realized the big question when dealing with high school problems: In five years, will this still matter It is hard to look at the big picture when the problems are in front of you, which is understandable. However, most teens need a moment to weigh and question if the problem matters in the long run.
“In the end, the friends who are inclusive and only want to see you happy and successful are the ones that really matter. Those people have helped me grow as a person. Drama is drama, and there’s no way to get around it, but if you focus on those positive people, you are sure to live a happy life socially and individually,” Karen Hart said.
As time goes on, the fiends you were in contact with after high school slowly dwindle. People embark on different pathways and go different directions. Briana Lopez, Class of 2008 graduate and current substitute teacher, said, “I am currently in contact with two high school friends. I think the friendship experiences I had in high school shaped who I am because I learned to be open-minded and be friend all kinds of people. I learned to see people for who they are, not what they wear or who they hang out with. I learned most of all how to be a good friend.”
High school is a small percentage of your life, but it has a huge impact on who you will become and where you will go. Friendships and relationships help mold who you are, be they good or bad. Lessons are brought, and lessons are learned. If you are currently dealing amongst high school drama, ask yourself: In five years, will this really matter
57. The author mentioned “High School Musical” and “Grease” in paragraph 2 mainly to show ________.
A. high school relationships are not ideally portrayed
B. such movies are quite popular among grown-ups
C. teenage viewers expect perfect school friendships
D. high school friends always become lifelong friends
58. If Lily, a 16-year-old high school student finds difficulty dealing with high school drama, which of the following tip might be helpful
A. Ask herself: “In five years, is it a big deal ”
B. Feel worried about “this is the end of the world”.
C. Treat failed friendships equally as genuine ones.
D. Pay close attention to the problem facing her.
59. The underlined word “dwindle” (Line 1, Paragraph 5) is closest in meaning to ________.
A. become greater, more serious or more extreme
B. improve something and make it more successful
C. return to a normal condition after difficulty
D. decrease in size, amount value, or degree
60. According to the passage, how do high school friendships impact an individual
A. Exclusive friends help one grow and live a pleasant life.
B. They may shape one’s personality and paths in the future.
C. One tends to judge people based on appearance and style.
D. Positive friends reach out to help avoid high school drama.
(D)
For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help ease the effects of a warmer world. Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behavior. In a paper published in Trends in Ecology & Evolution, a team led by Sara Ryding, a PhD candidate at Deakin University, in Australia, shows that is already happening. Climate change is already altering the bodies of many animal species, giving them bigger beaks(喙), limbs(肢) and ears.
In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, a kind of small and grayish birds, found the same pattern. Similar trends are seen in mammals, with species of mice, shrews(鼩鼱) and bats evolving bigger ears, tails, legs and wings.
All that matches nicely with evolutionary theory. “Allen’s rule”, named after Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger appendages(附肢) than those in temperate regions. Such adaptations boost an animal’s surface area relative to its body volume, helping it to shed extra heat. Being richly equipped with blood vessels, and not covered by protective feathers, beaks wake an ideal place for birds to get rid of heat, Fennec foxes, meanwhile, which are native to the Sabara desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins.
Ms. Ryding examined museum specimens, comparing their bodies to those of their modem counterparts. She is not the first researcher to employ that method. But it is hard, when dealing with individual species, to prove that climate change was the cause of an anatomical(解剖的) alteration. All sorts of other factors, from changes in prey to the evolving reproductive preferences of males or females, might possibly have been driving the changes.
Looking at the bigger picture makes the pattern clearer, says Ms. Ryding. Her team combined data form different species in different places. Since they have little in common apart from living on a warming planet, she says, climate change is the most credible explanation.
For now, at least, the increase is small, never much more than 10%. That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs, it is unclear how far the process might go. Bigger beaks might interfere with feeding, for instance. Larger wings are heavier, and bigger legs cost more energy to grow.
Studying a broader range of animals will help firm up exactly what is happening. Much of Ms. Rying’s data concern birds, with less information available for other groups. But it seems clear that the world of the future is not just going to be hotter than humans are used to. The animals living in it will look different, too.
61. How is climate change altering the bodies of animal species
A. Beaks of North American dark-eyed juncos have grown by 4% to 10%.
B The leg size of mammals like mice and shrews has increased since 1871.
C. Australian parrots now possess tails 4% longer than they used to.
D. Bats have seen a dramatic increase in the size of their ears and wings.
62. According to Allen’s rule why do animals experience anatomical alteration
A. To reduce the ratio between surface area and volume.
B. To avoid damaging blood vessels in their appendages.
C. To assist creatures in letting off unnecessary heat.
D. To catch prey more efficiently in the Sahara desert.
63. Which of the following statements is true about Sara Ryding’s research
A. Her team is among the first to compare museum specimens to modern animal bodies.
B. It has ruled out the possibility that changes in prey will drive the anatomical alteration.
C. Her team collected data of individual animal species from a limited geographical range.
D. It’s adopted a comprehensive angle to prove that climate change Has altered animals’ body.
64. What can we infer from Paragraph 6
A. Animals will continue to experience increases in their appendages by 10%.
B. Changes in animal bodies will hopefully provide chances for profitable trade.
C. Such evolutionary adaptation will likely impose heavier burdens on animals.
D. Global warming will surely contribute to animals’ body change for the better.
65. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage
A. More Solutions are Needed as the Planet Earth Heats up
B. The Effects of a Warmer World are Visible in Animals’ Bodies
C. Global Warming Triggers Extreme Heat and Loss of Species
D. Animals Threatened by Global Warming are Crying for Help
2.【上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中】
(C)
Mental illness and disability were family problems for English people living between 1660 and 1800. Most women and men who suffered from mental illness were not institutionalized as this was the period before the extensive building of mental hospitals. Instead, they were housed at home, and cared for by other family members.
Now a new study by Cambridge historian Dr. Elizabeth Foyster will reveal the impact on families of caring for mentally ill and disabled relatives.
Much has been written about the insane themselves but few studies have considered mental illness from the perspective of the carers. The lifetime burden of caring for those individuals whose mental development did not progress beyond childhood, and who contemporaries labeled as ‘idiots’ or ‘fools’, has been little explored by historians. Foyster’s research, which has been funded by the Leverhulme Trust, will carefully examine the emotional and economic consequences for families at a time when the Poor Law bound them to look after their mentally ill and disabled family members.
By asking key questions about the impact of ‘care in the community’ in the 18th century, Foyster hopes that her research will bridge social and medical history. Specifically, she aims to provide an historical perspective for contemporary debates such as how resources can be stretched to provide for children with learning difficulties and an aging population.
“The stresses and strains of family were worsened by high infant mortality and low life expectancy, and many individuals were pushed towards mental breakdown,” she explained. “Moreover, inherited conditions, senility(高龄) and what today would be described as ‘special needs’ could put great emotional demands on family members who had primary responsibility for their sick or disabled relatives.”
The research will shed light upon how caring for the mentally ill and disabled raised difficult issues for families about the limits of intergenerational responsibility, and whether family ties were weakened or strengthened by the experience. The questions of how far shame was attached to having insanity or idiocy within a family, and at what point families began to seek outside help, will also be addressed.
“The family must have seemed an inescapable feature of daily life between 1660 and 1800,” said Foyster. “Although there were those who were abandoned and rejected, for the majority, mental disability was accommodated within the family unit. I aim to get to the heart of what this really meant for people’s lives.”
48. Which is NOT the reason why those mentally ill and disabled were not institutionalized from 1660 to 1800
A. Mental illness and disability were family problems then.
B. The extensive building of mental hospitals didn’t start yet.
C. They were abandoned by the government and the family.
D. The family would be found guilty if they didn’t care for them.
49. Why does Foyster want to carry out this study
A. Because it can provide some food for thought for some current social issues.
B. Because the stresses and strains of family life have driven many people crazy.
C. Because she’s looking for ways to communicate with the sick or disabled people.
D. Because the limits of intergenerational responsibility in such families, interest her.
50. Which question will NOT be studied in the research
A. How should resources today be stretched to provide for an aging population
B. How did caring for the sick and disabled affect the family’s earning power
C. How shameful did a family feel when their insane or disabled relatives were found out
D. At what point did those families have to begin to look for outside help
51. The passage is written in order to ________.
A. reveal the impact on families of caring for mentally ill and disabled relatives
B. provide an historical perspective to contemporary debates
C. shed light upon whether family ties were weakened or strengthened
D. introduce a new historical study carried out by a Cambridge historian
3.【上海市建平中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】
C
About 50 years ago, the famous British band The Beatles sang that “money can’t buy me love”. Today, British economists are saying that it perhaps can’t buy you happiness cither. This is showed by the Happy Planet Index (HPI 快乐指数) published recently by the New Economics Foundation (NEF) in London.
The index is about how well countries are using their resources. It shows how well they provide people with better health and longer and happier lives, and at what cost to their environment.
It would seem to be common sense that people in richer countries live happier lives, while those in developing countries are having a harder time. But the results are surprising, even shocking. The numbers show that some of the so-called developed countries are performing very badly. The United States, for example, ranks number 150th. On the other hand, some little-known developing countries are doing a much better job. A tiny island in the Pacific, Vanuatu, comes in first. There are 178 countries and areas in the index. China ranks number 31.
Countries are graded on the basis of information supplied in response to the following questions. How do people feel about their lives How long does an average person live How greatly does a country need to use its natural resources to maintain its living standards This is what the index calls the “ecological footprint”.
The NEF found that the people of island nations enjoy the highest HPI rankings. Their populations live happier and longer lives, and use fewer resources.
The results also seem to show that it is possible to live longer, happier lives with a much smaller environment impact. The index points out that people in the US and Germany enjoy similar lives.
“However, Germany’s ecological footprint is only about half that of the US. This means that Germany is around twice as efficient as the US at producing happy lives,” says Nic Marks, head of NEF’s Center for well-being.
So the Happy Planet Index (HPI) tells us a brand-new concept of understanding “being happy”. HPI figures out different countries or individuals’ HPI through their “Ecological Footprint” and “Life Satisfaction Level” or “Life Expectancy”. Clearly, people’s HPI is related to their consumption of the resources on the earth.
You can find out your own HPI by visiting http: //www, happyplanetindex.org.
43. The passage is mainly about __________.
A. in which country people feel the happiest
B. why money can’t buy you happiness
C. what index can influence people’s happiness
D. what Happy Planet Index is
44. According to the passage, __________plays a major part in the index.
A. the richness of natural resources
B. the efficiency of energy consumption
C. the development of economy
D. the life expectancy of the people
45. What can we learn from the passage
A. The happiest countries listed in the index are quite different from those expected.
B. Developing countries are having & hard time reaching the top of the index.
C. Countries that have high HPI rankings have a greater impact on the environment.
D. The less happy countries depend on the developed countries’ resources.
46. The author cites Germany as an example to show that __________.
A. some developed countries are performing badly ecologically
B. it is possible to live a happy life with fewer resources
C. not all the people in developed countries enjoy happy lives
D. history and culture play an important role in people’s lives
D
We usually think of archaeology as involving brave explorers and lots of painstaking digging. But today, long-hidden cities are being revealed from the air, where modern archaeologists use laser beams to spot evidence of ancient life buried beneath thick vegetation.
Lidar, short for “light detection and ranging” (and a cousin of radio-based radar), involves directing a rapid succession of laser pulses at the ground from an airplane or a drone. Software captures the time and wavelength of the pulses reflected from the surface and combines it with GPS and other data to produce a precise three-dimensional map of the landscape below. These high-tech explorations have revealed long-buried Mayan cities.
In recent years, lidar has exposed a sprawling ancient city in western Mexico called Angamuco, The discovery of this long-lost Mexican large city is especially significant. Built by the Pur pecha, Angamuco was a major civilization in the early 16th century, before Europeans arrived. The city extended over ten square miles before it was covered by a lava flow. That is a huge area with a lot of people. There are about 40, 000 building foundations there, which is about the same number of building foundations that are on the island of Manhattan. The Pur pecha’s main buildings were loosely sited in eight zones around the edges rather than being located in one large center.
“To think that this massive city existed in the heartland of Mexico for all this time and nobody knew it was there is amazing,” says Chris Fisher, an archaeologist who led the expedition.
The revelation of Angamuco is a prime example of the power and promise of lidar. Archaeologists discovered signs of the buried city in 2007 and initially attempted to explore it using a traditional “boots on the ground” approach. But the team soon realized that with the rugged terrain, it would take at least a decade to outline the entire massive city.
In 2011, they began using lidar to map nearly 14 square miles, revealing many astonishing features, from pyramids and temples to road systems, garden areas, and even ball courts. This gave them the “map” they needed to know where to explore further. So far, Fisher and his team have verified more than 7,000 architectural features over a 1.5-square-mile area. The earliest artifacts include ceramic fragments and other remains dating as far back as AD 900.
All told, researchers now believe that more than 100, 000 people lived in Angamuco from about AD 1000 to AD 1350. That makes it the biggest city in western Mexico at the time-or at least the biggest city we know about so far.
“Everywhere you point the lidar instrument, you find new stuff,” says Fisher. “Right now, every textbook has to be rewritten, and two years from now, they’re going to have to be rewritten again.”
47. __________may be necessary aids when lidar is used.
A. GPS, software and laser pulses B. A drone, radar and a map
C. An aeroplane, software and GPS D. A drone, an aeroplane and a map
48. The underlined word “sprawling” in Para. 3 means the ancient city was __________.
A. planned in a detailed way B. spreading in an untidy way
C. massive but well-designed D. long-buried but well-preserved
49. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the city of Angamuco
A. Angamuco was the first ancient city discovered with radar.
B. The area of the city was as big as that of the island of Manhattan.
C. Angamuco was probably the biggest city in westen Mexico at that time.
D. The rugged terrain in Angamuco prevented the explorers from using radar.
50. What can be inferred from the passage
A. Lidar has been widely accepted by the archaeologists in western Mexico.
B. The current knowledge about the city of Angamuco might be out of date.
C. But for lidar it would be impossible to know what the city of Angamuco looked like.
D. The archaeologists spent almost ten years exploring Angamuco using traditional tools.
4.【上海市控江中学2022-2023学年高一上学期英语期中】
(C)
“Wanna buy a body ” That was the opening line of more than a few phone calls I got from self-employed photographers when I was a photo editor at U.S. New. Like many in the mainstream press, I wanted to separate the world of photographers into “them”, who trade in pictures of bodies or run after famous people like Princess Diana, and “us”, the serious newspeople. But after 16 years in that role, I came to wonder whether the two worlds were easily distinguishable.
Working in the reputable world of journalism, I told photographers to cover other people’s difficult life situations. I justified marching into moments of sadness, under the appearance of the reader’s right to know. I worked with professionals talking their way into situations or shooting from behind police lines. And I wasn’t alone.
In any American town, after a car crash or some other horrible incident when ordinary people are hurt or killed, you rarely see photographers pushing past rescue workers to take photos of the blood and injuries. But you are likely to see local newspaper and television photographers on the scene-and fast...
How can we justify doing this Journalists are taught to separate, doing the job from worrying about the consequences of publishing what they record. Repeatedly, they are reminded of a news-business saying: Leave your conscience in the office. A victim may lie bleeding, unconscious, or dead. Your job is to record the image. You’re a photographer, not an emergency medical worker. You put away your feelings and document the scene.
But catastrophic events often bring out the worst in photographers and photo editors. In the first minutes and hours after a disaster occurs, photo agencies buy pictures. They rush to obtain the rights to be the only one to own these shocking images and death is usually the subject Often, an agency buys a picture from a local newspaper or an amateur photographer and puts it up for bid by major magazines. The most sought-after special pictures commend tens of thousands of dollars through bidding contests.
I worked on all those stories and many like them. When they happen, you move quickly: buying, dealing, trying to beat the agencies to the pictures.
Now, many people believe journalists are the hypocrites(伪君子) who need to be brought down, and it’s our pictures that most anger others. Readers may not believe, as we do, that there is a distinction between clear-minded ‘us" and mean-spirited “them”. In too many cases, by our choices of images as well as how we get them, we prove our readers right.
64. We can learn from the passage that________.
A. The author told photographers to take pictures of people’s happy life situations
B. Professional newspeople may talk their way into situations or shooting from behind police lines
C. In America, local newspaper and television photographers rarely push on the scene to take pictures of the victims
D. In America, photographers always push past rescue workers to take pictures of the victims
65. When journalists are working, they are told to________.
A. work with their conscience B. respect the privacy of the victim
C. separate their work from feelings D. ask police for permission to take photos
66. The 5th and 6th paragraphs mainly tell us that________.
A. speed determines the success of a news story
B. photo agencies are greedier than serious newspeople
C. photographers have free access to photos of accidents
D. profit is the driving force behind the competition for photos
67. It can be learned from the last paragraph that serious newspeople________.
A. obtain photos differently from news agencies
B. are no better than self-employed photographers
C. are more devoted to work than non-professionals
D. have a higher moral standard than self-employed photographers
(D)
The Ebro Delta, in Spain, famous as a battleground during the Spanish Civil War, is now the setting for a different contest, one that is making rice farmers fight against two enemies: the rice-eating giant apple snail, and rising sea levels. What happens here will have a bearing on the future of European rice production and the overall health of southern European wetlands.
Located on the Mediterranean, just two hours south of Barcelona, the Ebro Delta produces 120 million kilograms of rice a year, making it one of the continent’s most important rice-growing areas. As the sea creeps into these fresh-water marshes, however, rising salinity (盐度) is hurting rice production. At the same time, this sea-water also kills off the greedy giant apple snail, an introduced pest that feeds on young rice plants. The most promising strategy has become to play one enemy off against the other.
The battle is currently being waged on land, in greenhouses at the University of Barcelona. Scientists working under the banner “Project Neurice” are seeking varieties of rice that can withstand the increasing salinity without losing the absorbency that makes European rice ideal for traditional Spanish and Italian dishes.
“The project has two sides,” says Xavier Serrat, Neurice project manager and researcher at the University of Barcelona, “the short-term fight against the snail, and a mid- to long-term fight against climate change. But the snail has given the project greater urgency.”
Originally from South America, the snails were accidentally introduced into the Ebro Delta by Global Aquatic Technologies, a company that raised the snails for fresh-water aquariums (水族馆) but failed to prevent their escape. For now, the giant apple snail’s presence in Europe is limited to the Ebro Delta. But the snail continues its march to new territory, says Serrat. “The question is not whether it will reach other rice-growing areas of Europe, but when.”
Over the next year and a half investigators will test the various strains of salt tolerant rice they’ve bred. In 2018, farmers will plant the varieties with the most promise in the Ebro Delta and Europe’s other two main rice-growing regions along the Po in Italy, and France’s Rhone. A season in the field will help determine which, if any, of the varieties are ready for commercialization.
As an EU-funded effort, the search for salt-tolerant varieties of rice is taking place in all three countries. Each team is crossbreeding a local European short-grain rice with a long-grain Asian variety that carries the salt resistant gene. The scientists are breeding successive generations to arrive at varieties that incorporate salt tolerance but retain about 97 percent of the European rice genome (基因组).
68. Why does the author mention the Spanish Civil War at the beginning of the passage
A. It has great impact on the lives of Spanish rice farmers.
B. It is of great significance in the records of Spanish history.
C. Rice farmers there are engaged in another kind of battle of similar importance.
D. Rice farmers there are experiencing the hardships of wartime.
69. What may be the most effective strategy for rice farmers to employ in fighting their enemies
A. Striking the weaker enemy first. B. Killing two birds with one stone.
C. Eliminating the enemy one by one. D. Using one evil to fight against the other.
70. What does Neurice project manager say about the giant apple snail
A. It can survive only on southern European wetlands.
B. It will invade other rice-growing regions of Europe.
C. It multiplies at a speed beyond human imagination.
D. It was introduced into the rice fields on purpose.
71. What is the ultimate goal of the EU-funded program
A. Cultivating ideal salt-resistant rice varieties.
B. Increasing the absorbency of the Spanish rice.
C. Introducing Spanish rice to the rest of Europe.
D. Popularizing the rice crossbreeding technology.
5.【上海进才中学2022--2023学年高一上学期期中考试】
C
We all have a tendency to fake laugh, particularly when authority figures in our lives try to make a joke that just doesn’t land. Though it might feel rude not to laugh when your in-laws or boss try to say something funny, pretending to do so might not be much better. It turns out, even if you think that your forced laughing sounds genuine, people are usually pretty good at separating truly spirited belly laughs from fake ones. But how can they possible know the difference
Well, when researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles studied the acoustic and perceptual differences between real and fake laughter, they found that some of the sounds associated with genuine laughter is “really hard to fake.” In their study, the researchers determined that subjects were only fooled by 37 percent of fake laughter.
The most prominent factor distinguishing real laughter from fake laughter is duration -- or, more specifically, the number of breaths taken in in between sounds. Seeing as it takes more effort and concentration to fake a laugh as opposed to do it genuinely, people tend to pause more in between their “ha-ha’s” when they’re faking it. Evidently, that pausing is pretty noticeable.
“A fake laugh is basically an imitation of a real laugh, but produced with a slightly different set of vocal muscles controlled by a different part of our brain,” Greg Bryant, the lead UCLA researcher on the study, explained. “The result is that there are subtle features of the laugh that sound like speech, and ... people are unconsciously quite sensitive to them.”
People have also proven to be emotionally sensitive to laughter as well. “Our rains are very sensitive to the social and emotional significance of laughter,” said Carolyn McGettigan, a scientist at Royal Holloway, University of London.
McGettigan conducted a 2014 study that recorded participants’ brain responses as they listened to the same people produce genuine laughter by watching funny videos, as opposed to fake laughter. “During our study, when participants heard a laugh that was posed, they activated regions of the brain associated with mentalizing in an attempt to understand the other person’s emotional and mental state,” she said.
So, while we may understand that certain social situations sometimes require fake laughter, most of the time, our instincts and emotional intelligence are just too smart to buy into them.
According to McGettigan, that’s a good thing. “Evolutionarily speaking, it’s good to be able to detect if someone is authentically experiencing an emotion or if they’re not,” she said. “Because you don’t want to be fooled.”
43. What do researchers at the University of California want to find out in this study
A. What is the difference between a fake laugh and a real one.
B. Which part of the brain controls the sound of our laughter.
C. Why do people need to fake laugh when they don’t want to.
D. How to laugh as genuinely as possible when you are faking it.
44. Your forced laughing is more noticeable than you think, mainly because_______.
A. you seem more concentrated when you laugh for real
B. you take more breaths when you try to fake a laugh
C. a fake laugh often happens after a sudden pause
D. a real laugh usually lasts longer than a fake one
45. Which of the following is true according to Greg Bryant
A. Real laughter is not at all controllable by our brain.
B. People may notice fake laughter without knowing why.
C. People use the same set of muscles to laugh and to speak.
D. Faking laugh shares the same techniques as making speech.
46. What has Carolyn McGettigan’s 2014 study proven
A. Certain social situations may require us to fake a laugh.
B. Evolution has enabled us to recognize other’s emotions.
C. By instincts, we are able to tell a person’s mental state.
D. We can sense other’s emotional state when they laugh.
6.【上海市晋元高级中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中考试】
(C)
In 2019 air travel accounted for 2.5 percent of global carbon emissions, a number that could be more than doubled by 2050. While some airlines have started making up for their contributions to atmospheric carbon, significant cutbacks are still needed. Electric airplanes could provide the scale of transformation required, and many companies are racing to develop them. Not only would electric propulsion (推进) motors eliminate direct carbon emissions, they could reduce fuel costs by up to 90 percent, maintenance by up to 50 percent and noise by nearly 70 percent.
Cape Air, one of the largest regional airlines, expects to be among the first customers, with plans to buy the nine-passenger electric aircraft from Eviation. Cape Air’s CEO Dan Wolf has said he is interested not only in the environmental benefits but also in potential savings on operation costs. Electric motors generally have longer life spans than the hydrocarbon-fueled engines in his current aircraft; they need repairs at 20,000 hours versus 2,000.
Forward-propulsion engines are not the only ones going electric. NASA’s X-57 Maxwell electric plane, under development, replaces current wings with shorter ones that feature a set of distributed electric propellers (螺旋桨). On traditional jets, wings must be large enough to provide lift when a craft is traveling at a low speed, but the large surface area adds drag at higher speeds. Electric propellers increase lift during takeoff, allowing for smaller wings and overall higher efficiency.
For the foreseeable future, electric planes will be limited in how far they can travel. Today’s best batteries put out far less power by weight than traditional fuels: an energy density of 250 watt-hours per kilogram versus 12,000 watt-hours per kilogram for jet fuel. The batteries required for a given flight are therefore far heavier than standard fuel and take up more space. Approximately half of all flights globally are fewer than 800 kilometers, which is expected to be within the range of battery-powered electric aircraft by 2025.
Electric aviation faces cost and regulatory obstacles, but investors, corporations and governments excited by the progress of this technology are investing significantly in its development: some $250 million flowed to electric aviation start-ups between 2017 and 2019. Currently roughly 170 electric airplane projects are underway. Most electric airplanes are designed for private, corporate and commuter travel, but Airbus says it plans to have 100-passenger versions ready to fly by 2030.
53. What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in paragraph one
A. Airline’s current efforts to reduce carbon emissions are far from enough.
B. Airline companies haven’t invested enough in their technological development.
C. Only by promoting electric planes can airlines balance their carbon emission impact.
D. Airline companies alone cannot realize the global goal of carbon emission reduction.
54. Which of the following statements is TRUE about electric planes compared with traditional ones
A. After frequent maintenance, they last longer and produce less noise.
B. Electric propellers enable them to fly at low speed with great lift.
C. They are designed to accommodate a large number of passengers.
D. They can fly at lower speed with less drag with the help of bigger wings.
55. The limitation of electric planes is that __________.
A. the cost of energy per kilogram is higher for electric planes
B. existing batteries are too large and heavy to be placed inside the planes
C. the same weight of batteries holds less power than that of traditional fuel
D. half of the batteries have not been designed to sustain long distance flight
56. __________ serves as the most suitable title for this passage.
A. How Electric Aircraft Green Air Can Travel
B. World’s Electric Aircrafts Set for First Flight
C. How Electric Flights Will Change Our Future
D. Electric Flights Could Be Closer Than You Think
7.【上海财经大学附属北郊高级中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中】
(C)
Is Paperless Office Really Paperless
A rising economy increased paper sales by 6 to 7 percent each year in the early to mid-1990s, and the convenience of desktop printing allowed office workers to indulge anything and everything. In 2004, Ms. Dunn, a communications supplies director, said that plain white office paper would see less than a 4 percent growth rate, a primary reason for which is that some 47 percent of the workforce entered the job market after computers had already been introduced to offices.
For office innovators, the dream of paperless office is an example of high-tech arrogance（傲慢）. Today’s office service is overwhelmed By more newspapers than ever before. After decades of development, the American government can finally get rid of the madness on paper. In the past, the demand for paper has been far ahead of growth in the American economy, but the sales have slowed markedly over the past two to three years, despite the good economic conditions.
“Old habits are hard to break,” says Ms. Dunn. “There are some functions that paper serves where a screen display doesn’t work. Those functions are both its strength and its weakness.” Analysts attribute the decline to such factors as advances in digital databases and communication systems. Escaping our craving for paper, however, will be anything but an easy affair.
“We’re finally seeing a reduction in the amount of paper being used per worker in the workplace,” says John Maine, vice president of a paper economic consulting firm. “More information is being transmitted electronically, and an increasing number of people are satisfied that information exists only in electronic form without printing multiple backups.”
To reduce paper use, some companies are working to combine digital and paper capabilities. For example, Xerox is developing electronic paper: thin digital displays that respond to a stylus, like a pen on paper. Marks can be erased or saved digitally. Even with such technological advances, the increasing amounts of electronic data necessarily require more paper.
“The information industry today is composed of a thin paper crust surrounding an electronic core,” Mr. Saffo wrote. The growing paper crust is most noticeable, but the hidden electronic core is far larger and growing more rapidly. The result is that we are becoming paperless, but we hardly notice at all. “That’s one of the greatest ironies of the information age,” Saffo says. “It’s just common sense that the more you talk to someone by phone or computer, it inevitably leads to a face-to-face meeting. The best thing for the aviation industry was the Internet.”
41. Which of the following statements is NOT a reason for the slowdown in American paper sales
A. Workforce with better computer skills.
B. Slow growth of the U.S. economy.
C. Changing patterns in paper use.
D. Changing employment trends.
42. What does the last sentence in Para 3 mean
A. We have to look at paper consumption from different angles.
B. There is little chance that paper consumption will fall in the digital age.
C. Paper consumption will be greatly reduced in the digital age.
D. People are no longer so addicted to paper in the digital age.
43. The innovations from Xerox and other companies feature ___.
A. the intergration of digital technology with traditional paper
B. the chance from traditional paper to digital technology
C. the combination of the use of computer screens and cell phones
D. a new type of computer writing and communication
44. What can we draw from the example of the aviation industry in the last paragraph
A. The dream of the paperless office will be realized some day.
B. People usually prefer to have face-to-face meetings instead of using computers.
C. More digital data use leads to greater paper use in the digital time.
D. Some people are no longer opposed to video-conferencing.
8.【上海市光明中学2022-2023学年高一上学期11月期中英语】
(C)
People generally see themselves through achievements. In doing that, they end up caring more about their image than the reality of who they actually are. Rather than their work doing the talking, they end up defining themselves by external markers that they hope will earn them respect.
The problem with this is that it encourages both themselves and other people to judge their worth based on some relatively unimportant measure. For example, one day, their educational diploma (文凭) may overshadow what they actually learned. Therefore, a better way to know a person, I think, is to ask a different set of questions: What motivates them What makes them ache What do they long for
It’s in this spirit that I want to publicly share my values. They are the compass (罗盘) that guides my life. The kindest and most sincere thing I can do is to see, recognize, and understand another person before I make judgments. From there, I can learn to treat others appropriately, depending on the context, learning from my mistakes with time and experience. It’s just a reminder that life is hard for all of us, while at the same time accepting that it’s important we are all also held accountable for our actions.
I have learned that we are all deeply self-interested. I hope to be self-aware enough to check out of the power and status games. That means I’m not competing with anyone for a shiny object; I’d rather compete with myself. It’s about becoming so uniquely different that it would be an insult for me to measure myself against someone else. I believe if I do the work to be internally free from the pull of the power and status games, then I can add value to others based on my unique knowledge and experience.
If this resonates with (与……共鸣) you, I invite you to join me on this journey in understanding and relating to this complex world. It’s a wonderful mystery, and I think together we can better define it — not just personally, but also collectively.
58. According to the article, which of the following is TRUE
A. The external markers are better ways to know a person.
B. People generally judge others’ worth by what they have achieved.
C. The author is someone who is keen on power games.
D. Learning from mistakes is the first step of treating others kindly.
59. What does the underlined word “overshadow” probably mean
A. Be relatively similar to. B. Cause something to be stronger than.
C. Make something less important. D. Block off light from something.
60. What of the following might the author agree with
A. Life is hard, so we shouldn’t criticize others when they are not responsible.
B. One should overcome self-interest in order to judge others objectively.
C. Everyone is unique, so showing off uniqueness is an insult to others.
D. One should see and understand another person using a real compass.
9.【上海奉贤区致远高级中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中教学评估英语试题】
Why can’t we stop longing for the good old days
People in many countries are longing for the good old days. But when exactly were the good old days Podcaster Jason Feifer devoted an episode of his program to this question. The most popular answer seemed to be the 1950s, so Mr. Feifer asked historians whether Americans in that decade thought it was particularly pleasant. Definitely not. In the 1950s, American sociologists worried that rampant individualism was tearing the family apart. There were serious racial and class tensions, and everyone lived under the nuclear threat.
In fact, many in the 1950s thought that the good old days were to be found a generation earlier, in the 1920s. But in the 1920s, child psychologist John Watson warned that because of increasing divorce races, the American family would soon cease to exist. Many people at the time idealized the Victor inn era, when families are strong and children respected their elders.
Why are human beings always so nostalgia for past eras that seemed difficult and dangerous to those who lived through them One possibility is that we know we survived past dangers, so they seem smaller now. But we can never be certain we will solve the problems we are facing today. Radio didn’t ruin the younger generation, but maybe the smart phone will.
Another reason is that historical nostalgia is often colored by personal nostalgia. When were the good old days Was it, by chance, the incredibly short period when you happened to be young A U.S. Poll found that people born in the 1930s and 1940s thought the 1950s was America’s best decade, while those born in the 1960s and 1970s preferred the 1980s.
This kind of nostalgia has neurological roots. Researchers have found that we encode more memories during adolescence and early adult hood than any other period of our lives, and when we think about the past, this is the period we most often return to. Moreover, as we grow more distant from past events, we tend to remember them more positively.
Obviously, some things readily were better in the past. But our instinctive nostalgia for the good old days can easily deceive us, with dangerous consequences. Longing for the past and fear of the future inhibit the experiments and innovations that drive progress.
Vaccination, steam engines, railroads and electricity all met with strong resistance when they were first introduced. The point isn’t to show how silly previous generations were. The same kinds of anxieties have been expressed in our own time about innovations like the internet, video games and stem-cell research.
And not all fears about the future are unbounded. New technologies do result in accidents, they disturb traditional cultures and habits, and they destroy old jobs while creating new ones. But the only way to learn how to make the best use of new technologies and reduce risks is by trial and error. The future won’t be perfect, but neither were the good old days.
53. The word “rampant” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________.
A. limited B. reasonable
C. uncontrolled D. traditional
54. According to the passage, the 1950s was a period of time ________.
A. when American families still remained strong and children respected their elders
B. that saw a sharp increase in individualism and divorce rate in American society
C. that was believed by Americans born in the 1930s and the 1940s to be the best decade
D. when radical and class tensions became more serious but people no longer lived under the nuclear threat
55. What can be inferred from the last three paragraphs
A. The current generation is not as silly as the previous generations.
B. It is unwise to be simply opposed to any new inventions and technologies.
C. People are constantly deceived by their instinctive nostalgia for the good old days.
D. The internet, video games and stem-cell research pose great threats to humanity.
(D)
People always regret asking me and my wife how we got together. It's a long story, involving other relationships and several countries, and to be honest, it's not that interesting, so I'll spare you the details. We were at a restaurant in Tuscany on our summer holiday last year though, when we met another English couple who had a far more interesting story than us. Lynn and Andy had actually met online before they got together, or at least they thought they had. After a few casual conversations through an online dating agency, they decided to meet for real. Lynn arrived at the restaurant first, and shortly after was approached by Andy, who thought she was someone else. It turns out they'd both arranged to meet different people, but liked the look of each other, and that was that!
And they're not alone. It seems there are all sorts of places you might meet that special someone. Lukas met Sofia for the first time when he crashed into her car — on his bicycle. It was raining and I was coming downhill really fast, so I couldn't really see where I was going. Sofia opened her car door and I went straight into it, and off my bike,explains Lukas. I was unconscious for a few seconds, and when I came round there was this beautiful young woman asking me "Are you OK " Well, after that, she went to the hospital with me and was just really kind, really caring, and we hit it off. ”
Every cloud has a silver lining, so they say, and Nick McKiddie would most likely agree. He was leaving the office late one night when he got robbed by a group of young men. He wasn't hurt, but they stole his phone and wallet, so he called the police. Susan Harris, a young police officer at the time, attended the call. Nick explains, I don't know whether I was in shock because of what had happened, but I think it was love at first sight. I would never usually be so confident, but I just asked if she wanted to go for a drink sometime, and to my surprise, she said yes! Nick and Susan got married last December.
Animals don't have the same social inhibitions (抑制；顾虑) as humans do, and this was certainly the case when Ri took her dog, Ben, to the local dog park. “As soon as I took his head off, he ran straight to another dog on the other side of the park, and started getting very friendly indeed,” she laughs. “I actually had to pull him away, and that was when I met Ben, the other dog's owner. We had a good laugh about it all, especially when we realised he had the same name as my dog. We became friends after that, and well, the rest is history.”
56. According to the passage, Lynn and Andy .
A. first met in a restaurant in Tuscany
B. regretted talking to each other online.
C. were arranged to see other people at first.
D. preferred casual conversations to real meeting
57. got to know each other due to an accident.
A. The author and his wife B. Lukas and Sofia
C. Nick and Susan D. Ri and Ben
58. By “every could has a silver lining” (in paragraph 3), the author means that .
A. every day is good beginning
B. good luck comes with misfortunes
C. what you value matters in your life
D. people do not always behave as usual
59. What is the passage mainly about
A. The methods of joining animals and us.
B The places where people get together.
C. The weird ways people meet.
D. The special cases of dating.
10.【上海市复旦大学附属中学2020-2021学年高一上学期期中考试英语】
(C)
I don’t ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again. There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what it’s like to work in a field dominated by men. I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found them interesting. What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe, the shape of space-time and the nature of black holes.
At 19, when I began studying astrophysics (天体物理学), it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom. But while earning my Ph.D. at MIT and then as 3 post-doctor doing space research, the issue started to bother me. My every achievement — jobs, research papers, awards — was viewed through the lens of gender politics. So were my failures. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus right brain, or nature versus nurture, I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.
Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply to any and all annoyance: I don’t talk about that anymore. It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I didn’t want to deal with gender issues. Why should curing sexism be yet another terrible burden on every female scientist After all, I don’t study sociology or political theory.
Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women’s college in New York City. Recently, someone asked me how many of the 45 students in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer: 45. I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children. And I don’t dismiss those concerns. Still, I don’t tell them “war” stories. Instead, I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments. And in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science. And that’s a sight worth talking about.
63. Why doesn’t the author want to talk about being a woman scientist again
A. She is unhappy working in male-dominated fields.
B. She is fed up with the issue of gender discrimination.
C. She is not good at telling stories of the kind at all.
D. She finds space research more important than that.
64. From Paragraph 2, we can infer that people would attribute the author’s failures to ________.
A. the very fact that she is just a woman
B. her involvement in gender politics
C. her over-confidence as a female astrophysicist
D. the burden she bears in a male-dominated society
65. Why does the author feel great satisfaction when talking about her class
A. Female students no longer have to worry about gender issues.
B. Her students’ performance has brought back her confidence.
C. Her female students can do just as well as male students.
D. More female students are pursuing science than before.
66. What does the image the author presents to her students suggest
A. Women students needn’t have the concerns of her generation.
B. Women have more barriers on their way to academic success.
C. Women can balance a career in science and having a family.
D. Women now have fewer discrimination problems about science career.
11.【上海市同济中学2022-2023学年高一上学期10月月考英语试卷】
C
A QUICK-THINKING teenager has been hailed as a hero after pulling an old man out of dangerous waters.
Sixteen-year-old Will Hughes was fishing with his grandfather at a pool near Worcester when an elderly fisherman fell in.
Will, a student at North Bromsgrove High School, quickly jumped in after the man and pulled him out. “The man went in backwards and only his head and hat was able to be seen. He couldn’t get himself out because of the weight of his clothes,” said Will. “I got a bit of an adrenaline rush(一时亢奋), and my heart was beating fast, but I just did what anyone else would have done.”
After the accident, which happened at the Newton Works waters in Hallow, the lucky man, 75-year-old Brian Waldron, from Charford, Bromsgrove, went home with his wife none the worse for wear.
Mr Waldron said, “If it hadn’t been for Will’s actions, it could have been a much different story. He jumped in beside me almost as quickly as I hit the water. There was no way I could have got out on my own.”
Mr Waldron said he has been ordered by his wife to fish by the shallow(浅的)end in future. In return, the couple presented Will with a $30 gift voucher(券)and the Newton Works Angling Society(NWAS)awarded him free membership(会员资格)for a year. Will’s mum Cheryl said, “I’m very proud of Will. Young people generally get a bad name, but this action shows that they are not all bad.”
8. What does the underlined word “hailed” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A. Awarded. B. Written. C. Praised. D. shown.
9. Which of the following words can best describe Will Hughes
A. Brave and modest. B. Proud and curious.
C. Kind and honest. D. Humorous and generous.
10. Where is the text most likely taken from
A. An official report. B. An art review.
C. A science magazine. D. A news report.
11. What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. Waldron’s wife didn’t allow him to fish from then on.
B. Will Hughes’ action not only moved Mr Waldron’s family.
C. Will Hughes’ action gained a good name for all young people.
D. Will Hughes was awarded lifelong free membership by NWAS.
12.【上海市杨浦高级中学2022-2023学年高一上学期10月考试英语试卷】
Some people learn a second language easily. Other people have trouble learning a new language. How can you help yourself learn a new language, such as English There are several ways to make learning English a little easier and more interesting.
The first step is to feel confident (自信的) about learning English. If you believe that you can learn, you will learn. Be patient. You do not have to understand everything at once. It is natural to make mistakes when you learn something new. We can learn from our mistakes.
The second step is to practise your English. For example, you can write in a diary every day. You will get used to writing in English, and you will feel comfortable expressing your ideas in English. After several weeks, you will see that your writing is improving. Besides, you must speak English every day. You can practise with your classmates after class. You will all make mistakes, but gradually you will become comfortable communicating in English.
The third step is to keep a record of your language learning. You can write this in your diary. After each class, think about what you did. Did you answer a question correctly Did you understand something the teacher explained Perhaps the lesson was difficult, but you tried to understand it. Write these achievements (成就) in your diary.
You must be active in learning English and believe that you can do it. It is important to practise every day and make a record of your achievements. You will enjoy learning English, and you will feel more confident in yourself.
12. What does the underlined word “communicating” in the third paragraph mean
A. Sharing ideas, news, information, etc.
B. Getting information from each other.
C. Taking part in others’ activities.
D. Expressing the reason and the result.
13. When you learn English, you do not need to ________.
A. have enough patience B. make mistakes
C. understand everything at once D. express your ideas in English
14. Which of the following keeps you from enjoying learning English
A. To worry about making mistakes.
B. To communicate in English.
C. To think about what you did after each class.
D. To make a record of the achievements.
15. What is the main idea of this passage
A. It is very important to learn a second language.
B. Some people learn a second language easily while other people do not.
C. Don’t worry about making mistakes when learning a second language.
D. There are ways to help you learn a second language more easily.

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