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(共49张PPT)
非限制性定语从句
Unit 1
Grammar
01
Review
定语从句
定语从句
1.定义：
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句
一、定语从句的相关概念
This is an old photo.
Dad showed me an old photo which we had taken then.
形容词作定语
句子作定语,修饰photo, 叫做定语从句
定语从句
Dad showed me an old photo which we had taken then.
.
先行词
关系词
定语从句
关系代词
关系副词
which, who, whom, whose, that
where, when, why
作用：1)连接主句与从句
2)指代先行词
3)在从句中充当成分
被修饰的名词或代词
定语从句
关系代词 先行词 关系代词在从句
中充当的成分
that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
which 物 主语、宾语、表语、定语
who 人 主语（宾语）
whom 宾语
whose 人或物 定语
as 物 主语、宾语、表语
关系词用法总结
定语从句
关系副词 先行词 关系副词在从句中所作的成分
when (= at/ on/ in/ during/··· which) 表时间 时间状语
where (= at/in/··· which) 表地点 地点状语
why (= for which) 表原因 原因状语
关系词用法总结
把定语从句还原为简单句:
The teacher is in charge of our class is Mr. Hu.
2. The newspaper is for our English study costs us 31 yuan.
The teacher is in charge of our class.
The newspaper is for our English study.
I. 先行词在定语从句中做主语 (subject)时,
指人用who (that也可以用, 但不经常用)
指物用which, that (that 经常用, 但不是很正式)
who/that
which/that
3. Our teacher we like very much comes from a foreign country.
4. The book he is reading is borrowed.
We like the teacher very much.
He is reading the book.
II. 先行词在定语从句中做宾语 (object)时,
指人用who, whom, that或者省略 (whom较正式)
指物用which, that或者省略
把定语从句还原为简单句:
(who/ whom/ that)
(which/ that)
5. He is no longer the lazy boy he used to be.
6. My hometown is no longer the poor village it used to be.
III.先行词在定语从句中做表语 (predicative)时,
指人和物都用 that
He used to be a lazy boy.
It used to be a poor village.
把定语从句还原为简单句:
that
that
7. The boy name is Sun Weifeng is our monitor.
8. The English song title is Just One Last Dance is very popular with us.
The boy’s name is Sun Weifeng .
The song’s title is Just One Last Dance.
The name of the boy is Sun Weifeng .
(The name _________ is Sun Weifeng .)
IV. 先行词在定语从句中做定语 (attribute)时,
指人用whose + n. 或者the +n. of whom.
指物用whose + n. 或者the +n. of which.
把定语从句还原为简单句:
The title of the song is Just Once Last Dance .
(The title _________ is Just Once Last Dance .)
whose
whose
of whom
of which
把定语从句还原为简单句:
9. The canteen is a place we can buy some food.
10. The day I came to Changsha is July 20.
We can buy some food in the place.
where
________we can buy some food.
in which
I came to Changsha on the day.
when
_________I came to Changsha.
on which
V. 先行词在定语从句中做状语 (adverbial)时,
指地点用where 或者适当介词+ which
指时间用when 或者适当介词+ which
指原因用why或者for + which
定语从句引导词的选择
巧用还原法, 先确定句子是含有定语从句的主从复合句，找出先行词和定语从句部分，然后把先行词带到定语从句中还原定语从句, 分析先行词在定语从句中的成分, 再决定定语从句引导词。
作主语，表人用 ___________, 表物用________ .
作宾语，表人用 ___________, 表物用________ .
作表语，表人用 ___________, 表物用________ .
作定语，表人用 ___________, 表物用 .
作状语，用 _______________________.
who/ that
which/ that
(who(m)/ that)
(which/ that)
that
that
whose+n. / the +n. of whom
whose+n. / the+n. of which
when/ where/ why on/in which / in which/ for which
1. We should go to the place_____
we are most needed.
2. We should go to the place_____
needs us most.
where
that
对比训练
We are most needed in the place.
The place needs us most.
重点难点：
1. All that glitters is not gold.
2. I have read all the books that you gave me.
3. This is the best film that I have ever seen.
4. The only thing that I want to do is to swim.
5. They talked about the things and persons that
they met in the school.
5. Who is the girl that is standing near the door
6. Which is the book that the boy borrowed
7. My hometown is no longer the poor village that it
used to be.
A: 只能用that引导
B: 特定句型中的用法
She is the only one of the students __________ good at German.
2. She is one of the students ______ good at German.
who is
that/ who are
重点难点：
B: 特定句型中的用法
3. I am reading the same book you did yesterday.
4. This is such a wonderful book we all like.
5. This is such a wonderful book we all like it.
as
as
that
重点难点：
如此……以至于…… (状语从句)
The way _________________he explained to us was quite simple.
2.The way _________________ he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.
that/ which/不填
in which/that/不填
He said it in this way.
He explained the way to us.
3. What surprised me was not what he said but the way ________________________ he said it.
in which/that/不填
C : way 做先行词
重点难点：
He explained the sentence to us in this way.
D:介词的选择
Do you know the boy ________________ your mother is talking
2. He gave me some novels __________ I am not very familiar.
3. I still remember the day ________ I first got to Paris.
4. I was given three books on cooking, the first
_________I really enjoyed.
to/with/about whom
with which
on which
重点难点：
of which
E: which和as的区别
1. _______ is reported in the newspapers , talks
between the two countries are making progress.
2. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son
than to the others , ____________ , of course , made
the others envy him .
3. ________ is often the case, we have worked
out the production plan.
4._________ I explained on the phone, your
request will be considered at the next meeting.
As
As
As
which
5.He married Mary, we expected.
6. He married Mary, we didn’t
expected.
as
which
重点难点：
1. I’ve come to the point ______ I can’t stand him.
2. The country is in the situation ________ a war will break out at any time.
我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。
国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。
解析：如果定语从句分别修饰 point, situation, part, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。
重点难点：
F: where引导的定语从句
where
where
对比训练
1. This is the farm we visited last week .
2. This is the farm his father is working.
3. This is the farm we stayed last year.
that
where
where
We visited the farm last week.
His father is working on the farm.
We stayed on the farm last year.
对比训练
1. I will never forget the day I first saw my best friend.
2. I will never forget the day we spent together last summer.
when
that
I first saw my best friend on the day.
We spent the day together last summer.
四部曲：1. 划分主从句 2.圈先行词
3.先行词带入从句 4.检查句子
Practice:
1. He knows the girl you are talking to.
2. He knows the girl you are talking.
3. He knows the girl mother is a teacher.
4. He knows the girl has written a novel.
5. He knows the girl we have learnt a lot.
6. This is the village is his hometown.
7. This is the village he was born.
8. This is the village in he was born.
9. This is the village we visited last week.
10. This is the village it used to be.
11. This is the village his father teaches.
(whom/that/ who)
to /with /about whom
whose
who/that
from whom
which/that
where/in which
which
(which/that)
that
where/in which
定语从句
1.The factory ____________they visited last year was destroyed.
2. The students are thankful to the teacher ________ has taught them for 3 years.
3. I still remember the days_______________ I spent in the college.
4. He is the man ________ name is Tom.
四部曲：1. 划分主从句 2.圈先行词
3.先行词带入从句 4.检查句子
that/which/省
who/that
that/which/省
whose
1. I have a sister who works in a hospital.
我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。
2. I have a sister, who works in a hospital.
我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。
有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句会改变全句的意思。
（不止一位姐姐）
（只有一位姐姐）
eg:
限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。书写时不用逗号与先行词分开。
This is the boy who broke the window.
这就是打破窗子的孩子。
（the boy是先行词，who broke the indow是限制性定语从句，明确指出the boy是打破窗子的那个孩子）
The people whom you met in the hall are from Japan.
你在大厅见到的那些人来自日本。
（定语从句whom you met in the hall限定先行词the people）
非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句在意义上只是一个附加修饰语，对先行词或主句作些附加的说明。如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。书写时往往用逗号与先行词分开。
I, who am your friend, will share the work with you.
我是你的朋友，将与你分担这项工作。
（I是先行词，who am your friend是非限制性定语从句，对先行词I起附加说明的作用）
New Concept English is intended for foeign students, which is known to us all. 新概念英语是专为外国学生编写的，这是我们大家都知道的。
（which is known to us all是非限制性定语从句，对主句作进一步的补充说明）
限制性定语从句举例：
The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.
老师告诉我说汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。
China is a country which has a long history.
中国是一个历史悠久的国家。
In the street I saw a man who was from Africa.
在街上我看到一个来自非洲的人。
非限制性定语从句举例 ：
His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.
他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。
China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.
中国是1949年成立的， 现在正变得越来越强大。
Last summer I visited the People’s Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year.
去年夏天，我参观了人民大会堂，在那儿每年都要举行许多重要会议。
02
非限制性定语从句
PPT模板 http:///moban/
restrictive relative clauses
non-restrictive relative clause
1. I saw the guy who delivers my mail in town yesterday.
2. I'll always remember the river where we learned to swim.
3. Do you know the reason why the sky is blue
4. She's the person whose daughter goes to Harvard.
1. Paris, where I spent six
months studying, is the most beautiful city in the world.
2. The woman down the street,
whose children are the same age as yours, invited us over for dinner next week.
3. The movie, which is my
favorite comedy of all time, is
being shown on TV tomorrow
night.
How restrictive relative clauses differ from non-restrictive relative clauses
若去掉，句子含义不明确
which guy
which river
the reason for what
which person
若去掉，不影响句子含义
无逗号与主句隔开
有逗号与主句隔开
1. 了解非限制性定语从句中关系词的使用规则及其与限制性定语从句的异同;
2. 能够正确理解并运用非限制性定语从句。
非限制性定语从句
Non-restrictive attributive clauses
非限制性定语从句
名词 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
作用 起限定作用，限制或约束先行词。不可省略，否则主句意思不完整。 对整个句子的意义并不重要，即使省略，原句仍然成立。
结构 不用逗号与主句隔开。 用逗号与主句隔开。
功能 是先行词不可缺少的定语。 对先行词或主句作附加的说明。
引导词 A.作宾语时可省略。 B.可用that C.可用who代替whom A.作宾语时不可省略。
B.不用that。
C.不用who代替whom。
翻译 通常意为先行词的定语“……的”。 通常译为并列句。
区别
构成：
+,+
关系词
先行词
+
其他部分
非限制性定语从句
(1) St Petersburg, _______ is a very beautiful city, was once called Leningrad.
(2) Yesterday I met Li Ping, _____seemed to be very busy.
(3) He came to the United States in 1914, _____World War Ⅰ broke out.
(4) Singapore, ______I have lived for ten years, is a dynamic country with many a skyscraper.
(5) The Queen will visit the town in May, _____ she will open the new hospital there.
(6) Chairman Mao, _____ I admire most, was born in Hunan province.
1. 同限制性定语从句一样，非限制性定语从句也可由关系代词/关系副词引导，但从句中的关系词不可省略，关系代词that和关系副词why不可用于非限制性定语从句。
which
who
when
where
when
whom
非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句表原因时，不用why引导，而用for which代替why。
我们无法解释，为什么这么多人愿意贷款。
We could not give the reason, so many people were willing to take out a loan.
for which
(1) Beijing, which is the capital of China, has a very long
history.
(2) Chairman Mao, whom I admire most, was born in Hunan province.
(3) He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which
greatly upsets me.
注：which/ who/ whom引导的非限制性定语从句，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语成分, 不可以省略。
which也可以是代替整个句子。
which指Beijing，在从句中作主语
whom指Chairman Mao, 在从句作宾语
which指前面的整个主句, 在从句作主语
非限制性定语从句
(1) Beijing, ______ is the capital of China, has a very long history.
(2) This is New York, ______ I have visited for several times.
(3) He seems not to have grasped what I meant, ______ greatly upsets me.
(4) He was late again, ______ made the teacher very unhappy.
注：which引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词可以是主句中的一个名词（指物），也可以是整个句子；which在从句中可作主语、宾语或定语等，不可省略。
which
which
which
which
1. He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which
greatly upsets me.
2. Taiwan belongs to China, as is known to all.
3. As the saying goes, “A year's work begins
with spring.”
注：as可以像which 一样引导一个定语从句修饰整个先行主句，常常译为“正如，正像”;
众所周知，台湾是属于中国的。
正如俗语所说，一年之计在于春。
As 是关系词中唯一可以置于句首的关系词。
他似乎没有听懂我的意思，这一点让我很生气。
as we all know;
as is well known to…;
as is often the case;
as is said/mentioned above;
as has been said before;
as I told you before;
This is also part of your work, as I told you before.
我曾告诉过你，这也是你工作的一部分。
The man was a teacher, as was evident from his way of speaking.
从那人说话的样子可明显看出，他是个老师。
as is evident;
as often happens;
as can be seen;
as is/was expected;
as we expect;
as I can remember
非限制性定语从句
(1) Taiwan belongs to China, ___ is known.
(2) Things will turn out contrary to one's wishes, ______ is often the case.
(3) ___ the saying goes, “A year's work begins with spring.”
注：as可以像which 一样引导一个定语从句修饰整个先行主句，而不是某一个单词，常常可以译为“正如，正像；这”;
as是关系词中唯一可以置于句首的关系词。
as
as
As
非限制性定语从句
(1) The car, ________ I paid a lot of money, is now out of date.
(2) I suggest you go to a specialist, __________ you can get answers to most of your questions.
(3) In this chapter, one of our problems is to discover the principles _________ these tests are based.
2. 介词 + 关系代词也可引导非限制性定语从句，但在这种定语从句中，介词通常前置，关系代词也不可省略。
for which
from whom
on which
非限制性定语从句
(1)许多年轻人，其中大多数受过良好教育，前往偏远地区追逐他们的梦想。Many young people, _____________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
(2)这就是那所窗户昨天晚上破了的房子。
This is the house, __________________ broke last night.
(3)那些房屋都被洪水毁坏的人们得到了红十字会的帮助。
The people, _________________ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.
3. 名词/代词/ 数词+ of + whom/which/whose引导的非限制性定语从句。
most of whom
whose windows
the windows of which
whose homes
the homes of whom
3. 名词/代词/ 数词+ of + whom/which引导的
非限制性定语从句。
注：whose+ n. (人/物)
= the + n. + of whom/which
= of whom/which + the + n.
非限制性定语从句
4. 先行词是独一无二的事物时，一般用非限制性定语从句说明。
太阳从东方升起，给我们带来光和热。
The sun, rises in the east, gives us light and heat.
which
03
Exercises
B Applying the rules
Rewrite the following sentences using non-restrictive relative clauses.
P7 B1
My parents went on a tour of Japan with 20 people, some of whom had never been abroad before.
My favourite place to visit is a little village near Shanghai, where my grandma was born.
Dr Luo, who is an expert in Chinese history, will give us a tour of Beijing.
I’m reading a guidebook to Rome, which is really fascinating and helpful.
I’d rather visit Europe in summer, when the weather is at its best.
Below is an article about how to be a sustainable plete the article with the correct non-restrictive relative clauses in the box below. There is one clause you do NOT need to use. Write the letters in the blanks.
P7 B1
a
d
c
b
which
who
when
on which
where/ in which
As
of whom
whose
of which
as/ which
Thank you

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