资源简介 (共50张PPT)Module 6 The Internet and TelecommunicationsGrammar合成名词和冠词Ⅰ. 合成名词【语境领悟】*Step one is to make sure you always have your business card with you.第一步就是要确定你总是随身带着自己的名片。*I took a liking for stamp collecting three years ago.三年前我喜欢上了集邮。*This washing machine is the latest model.这种洗衣机是最新型产品。*The runners have been in their lanes. They are doing warming-up exercises.选手们已经上跑道了。他们在做热身练习。*Our greenhouse is nothing compared with yours.我们这个温室比起你们那个简直是小巫见大巫。*The only by-product of hydrogen(氢) is pure water and you can drink it.氢燃料唯一的副产品是纯水,而且你可以饮用它。*Many families on low incomes will be unable to afford to buy their own houses.许多低收入家庭将会买不起自己的房子。【知识归纳】合成名词的构成方式(1)名词+名词 bank account 银行账户(2)名词+动名词 handwriting 书法(3)动名词+名词 dining room餐厅(4)动词+副词 take-off 起飞(5)形容词+名词 blueprint蓝图(6)副词+名词 onlooker旁观者(7)副词+动词 outcome结果【深化点拨】 合成名词变复数的五点规律(1)以不可数名词结尾的合成名词无复数形式。例如:homework(2)以man或woman为前缀的名词变复数时,前后两个名词都变成复数。例如:woman doctor→women doctors,man waiter→men waiters(3)以两个名词构成的合成名词(前面的名词为man或woman除外),一般把后面的名词变复数。例如:boy friend→boy friends, paper bag→paper bags(4)以“可数名词+介词(短语)”构成的合成名词变复数时,把前面的名词变复数。例如:father-in-law→fathers-in-law(5)以“动词/过去分词+副词”构成的合成名词变复数时,在词尾加s。例如:grown-up→grown-ups, standby→standbysⅡ. 冠词一、定冠词用法1. 特指人与物。【语境领悟】*Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。(特指)*Open the door please! 请把门打开!(双方都知道)*There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. 窗户附近有一把椅子。椅子上坐着一位年轻妇女,怀里抱着一个婴儿。(指上文提到的那把靠近窗户的椅子)*Which is the biggest, the sun, the earth or the moon 太阳、地球和月亮哪一个最大?(太阳、地球和月亮都是世界上独一无二的事物)*Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔在1876年发明了电话。(表示某项发明)【知识归纳】 定冠词用法归纳(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物;(2)指谈话双方都知道的人或物;(3)指上文提到过的人或物;(4)指世界上独一无二的事物;(5)用在表示某项发明的单数名词前。2. 用在序数词及形容词前。【语境领悟】*The first truck is carrying a few baskets.第一辆卡车装运着一些筐。(因truck前有序数词修饰)*They buried the dead and took the wounded to the hospital at once.他们掩埋了死者尸体,把受伤的人立刻送进了医院。(the+形容词表示一类人)【知识归纳】(1)用在序数词、形容词最高级前;(2)用在一些形容词前,表示一类人(作主语时,谓语动词用复数)。3. 用在姓氏、乐器及方位名词前。【语境领悟】*The Turners are going home on a train.特纳一家人在回家的火车上。(the +姓氏的复数形式表示一家人)*Do you like playing the piano or the violin 你喜欢弹钢琴还是喜欢拉小提琴?(piano和violin都是乐器,前加the)*Summer in the south of France are for the most part dry and sunny.在法国南部,夏天多半是干燥、阳光明媚的。(表示方位)【知识归纳】(1)用在姓氏复数前,表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩”;(2)用在乐器名词前;(3)用在表示方位的名词前。【深化点拨】(1)在表示计量的名词前用“by+ the+计量名词单数”。*In this supermarket, eggs are sold by the dozen.在这个超市里,鸡蛋按打出售。(2)在句型“及物动词(hit/strike/pat/take/seize. . . )+sb. in (on/by. . . )+the +身体部位或衣着的某一部分”中,定冠词the不能换成形容词性物主代词。*A brick hit him on the back. 一块砖头砸在他的背上。(3)用在形容词very/only/right/following/same之前和just之后。*He said he was the only person in his office who was invited to the party.他说,他是他办公室里唯一一个被邀请参加聚会的人。(4)用在江、河、湖、海、洋、运河、山脉、群岛、海湾、海峡、沙漠等专有名词前,或是报刊名词前。the Hawaiian Islands 夏威夷群岛the Red Sea 红海the Tianshan Mountains天山山脉the English Channel英吉利海峡the Sahara Desert 撒哈拉沙漠the Persian Gulf 波斯湾the Panama Canal 巴拿马运河the West Lake 西湖the Times《泰晤士报》(5)用在表示世纪、年代或朝代的词前。the 1990s (1990’s)20世纪90年代the Middle Ages中世纪the Ming Dynasty明朝(6)用在句型 “the +比较级. . . ,the +比较级. . . ”中。*The more learned he is, the more modest he is.他越是博学,越是谦虚。【巧学助记】定冠词用法口诀特指、重提和唯一,岛屿、海峡和海湾,海洋、党派和最高级,沙漠、河流与群山,方位、顺序和乐器,年代、团体与机关,船名、建筑和组织,会议、条约与报刊,姓氏复数、国全名,请你记住用定冠。二、不定冠词用法【语境领悟】*I met an old man at the gate.我在门口遇到一位老人。*Give me an apple.给我一个苹果。(重点在 apple,即不要梨、橘子等)*Give me one apple.给我一个苹果。(重点在one,即不要两个或三个)*The children are all of an age.这些孩子都是同龄的。*I visit my grandmother once a month.我每月看我奶奶一次。(once a month每月一次)*A Mr Brown wishes to see you.一位姓布朗的先生想见你。【知识归纳】不定冠词用法归纳(1)表示泛指人或物。不定冠词表泛指,既可以指同类中的任何一个(与any同义),也可以指同类中的某一个。(2)表示数量“一”。不定冠词可以表示数量“一”,但其数的概念不如one强烈。(3)用在介词of后面的名词前,表示“相同的”,与the same 同义。(4)用在一些表示时间、长度、重量等单位的名词前,表示“每一”的概念,同every,each,per。(5)用在人名等专有名词前,表示“一个叫……的人”,或“某一个”。【深化点拨】(1)表示独一无二的事物前有修饰词时,用不定冠词,表示属于某一类的或者是表示一种特殊情况。*We hope we can see a full moon tonight.我们希望今晚能看到一轮圆月。(2)表示季节、月份、日期、三餐等的名词前有修饰词时,用不定冠词。*This happened on a rainy Saturday towards the end of July.这件事发生在临近七月底的一个下雨的星期六。(3)当抽象名词具体化时,要用不定冠词。*It came as a big surprise that he gave me a beautiful birthday present.这真是一个大惊喜:他给了我一个漂亮的生日礼物。(4)用在序数词前表示“又一,再一”,强调反复,不强调顺序。用在形容词比较级前表示“再,更”。*In order to find a better job, he decided to study a second foreign language.为了找到一份更好的工作,他决定再学一门外语。(5)用在most前,most相当于very。*It is a most interesting film. 这是一部很有趣的电影。三、不用冠词的几种情况【语境领悟】*I’m going to England next week for a holiday.下周我将要去英国度假。(England是地名)*My father and mother are teachers.我的父亲和母亲都是教师。(teachers表示一类人)*Today is Teachers’ Day. 今天是教师节。(Teachers’ Day表示节日)*I think Chinese is more popular than any other subject.我认为汉语比其他学科更受欢迎。(Chinese是学科名称)【知识归纳】 不用冠词的情况(1)在一般情况下,表示人名、地名等的名词以及物质名词和抽象名词前,不用冠词。(2)复数名词表示一类人或者事物时。(3)在星期、月份、季节、节日、假日前。(4)在学科名称、三餐和球类运动名称前。【巧学助记】不用冠词的情况下列情况应免冠,代词限定名词前;专有名词不可数,学科球类三餐饭;复数名词表泛指,两节星期月份前;颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。【典题】(2013·山东高考)It was cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across ______ night sky.A. 不填;a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; 不填解题分析:【活用】1. (2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)India attained ______ independence in 1947, after _____ long struggle.A. 不填; a B. the; aC. an; 不填 D. an; the【解析】选A。考查冠词。句意:印度在长期抗争后,于1947年获得独立。independence是不可数名词,在其前面通常不加冠词;struggle表示“努力,奋斗”时,常用作单数,在其前面加不定冠词。2. (2013·陕西高考)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on _____ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ____ thirteenth century.A. the; a B. a; 不填C. 不填; the D. the; the【解析】选D。考查冠词。句意:据说,在13世纪马可·波罗在去爪哇岛的途中在太平洋上航行过。the Pacific Ocean固定搭配;第二个空在序数词前,表特指,用定冠词the。故选D。3. (2013·重庆高考)The parents were shocked by ____ news that their son needed _____ operation on his knee.A. a; / B. the; / C. the; an D. a; an【解析】选C。考查冠词。句意:父母被儿子膝盖需要动手术这个消息震惊了。这个消息特指“儿子膝盖需要动手术的消息”,故使用定冠词the; “手术”为可数名词并且是泛指, 名词operation以元音音素开头,故使用an。4. (2013·江西高考)Animals are obviously ____ lower form of life than ____ man.A. a; / B. the; the C. a; the D. /; /【解析】 选A。考查冠词。句意:很显然,比起人类来,动物是较低等的生命形式。a form of意为“一种……形式”;man指“人类”时, 前面不用冠词。故选A。【补偿训练】1. (2013·福建高考)The “Chinese Dream” is _____ dream to improve people’s well-being and _____ dream of harmony, peace and development.A. the; a B. a; a C. a; the D. the; the【解析】选B。考查冠词。句意:“中国梦”是一个提高人民生活水平的梦,也是一个和谐、和平和发展的梦。两个空都表示泛指,故都用a。2. (2013·浙江高考)People develop _____ preference for a particular style of learning at ____ early age and these preferences affect learning.A. a; an B. a; 不填C. 不填; the D. the; an【解析】选A。考查冠词用法。句意:人们在年龄很小的时候养成了对某种学习方式的偏爱,而这些偏爱又影响着学习。首先第一个空用a,因为have/develop a preference for. . . 为固定搭配;第二个空仍然用不定冠词,因为此时age并不是特定的,而是不定的。故选A。3. (2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Four and ______ half hours of discussion took us up to midnight, and _____ break for cheese, chocolate and tea with sugar.A. a; a B. the; theC. 不填;the D. a; 不填【解析】选A。考查冠词。句意:四个半小时的讨论让我们待到了半夜,中间休息时,吃了一些奶酪和巧克力,喝了加糖的茶。表示“四个半”,英语用four and a half;break表示“中间休息”时,常用单数形式,在其前面加不定冠词。由此可知选A。4. (2012·全国卷Ⅱ)He missed ______ gold in the high jump, but will get _____ second chance in the long jump.A. the; the B. 不填;a C. the; a D. a; 不填【解析】选C。考查冠词的用法。句意:他在跳高比赛中没有赢得金牌,但是,在跳远比赛中他还有一次(获得金牌的)机会。gold在表示“金子、黄金”时,是物质名词,不可数,但是表示“金牌”的意思时,为可数名词。第一个空表示的是大家都知道的跳高比赛中的那块金牌,所以用the;第二个空用a second表示“又一、再一”。故选C。5. (2012·安徽高考)Carl is studying _____ food science at college and hopes to open up _____ meat processing factory of his own one day.A. /; a B. /;theC. the; a D. the; the【解析】选A。考查冠词。句意:卡尔正在大学学习食品科学,希望将来某天开办一家属于自己的肉类加工厂。第一个空为课程科目,前不加冠词;第二个空意为“一家”工厂,应该使用不定冠词,故选择A项。6. (2012·重庆高考)Sam has been appointed _____ manager of the engineering department to take _____ place of George.A. /;/ B. the; /C. the; the D. /; the【解析】选D。考查冠词。句意:Sam代替了George,被任命为工程部经理。第一个空是表示头衔、职务的名词,在句中作主语补足语时,不能加冠词;第二个空是固定搭配:take the place of 代替。故选D。7. (2012·浙江高考)The development of industry has been _____gradual process throughout ______ human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.A. 不填;the B. the; aC. a; 不填 D. a; a【解析】选C。考查冠词。句意:纵观人类存在的过程,从石器到现代技术,工业的发展是一个渐进的过程。existence意为“存在”时,是不可数名词,故此处不加冠词。process意为“过程”时是可数名词,此处需加不定冠词。8. (2012·江西高考)The Smiths don’t usually like staying at _____ hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by _____ sea.A. /; a B. the; the C. /; the D. the; a【解析】选C。考查冠词。句意:史密斯一家人通常不喜欢待在旅馆里,但是去年夏天他们在海边一个很好的旅馆里待了几天。第一个空后面的hotels是复数,表示泛指,所以不加冠词;by the sea“在海边”为固定用法。故第二个空后的sea前加the。9. (2012·辽宁高考)I woke up with _____ bad headache, yet by ______ evening the pain had gone.A. the; the B. the; an C. a; the D. a; an【解析】选C。考查冠词的用法。句意:我醒来的时候头痛得厉害,然而到晚上的时候疼痛消失了。某些不可数名词前面常常有不定冠词,如have a headache, catch a cold, have a fever等。故第一个空填不定冠词a。第二个空特指当天的晚上,故填定冠词the。Ⅰ. 用合适的冠词填空1. __ man should be judged by his deeds, not his words.2. He described ___ scene to me.3. He tapped out ___ article on the typewriter.4. Why not have __ try 5. I found ___ interesting book in ___ library.6. How do you like ___ novel Atheanaanthethe7. As __ scholar, he is far above me.8. ____ coat suits you well.9. They discussed ___ important matter with her.10. Are you for or against ___ plan aTheantheⅡ. 单句改错1. He bought the third house in the countryside.2. “I have surprise for you, ” he said.3. We work every day except the Sunday.4. Americans like to go out by a car.5. Many lawyer is waiting outside the court.6. I picked up a apple off the tree.7. I never play the football with her.8.Turners are Americans. They are now in Beijing.9. My brother and sister are the workers.10. One of biggest challenges for these towns was psychological(心理上的).答案:1. 第一个the改为a 2. surprise前添加a3. 去掉Sunday前的the 4. 去掉car前的a5. 在lawyer前添加a 6. apple前的a改为an7. 去掉football前的the 8. 在Turners前添加The9. 去掉workers前面的the 10. 在biggest前添加the 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览