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专题05 备战2023年高考英语语法填空近八年各地高考语法真题汇编+名校模拟强化练习(解析版)
2018年高考真题篇
(2018年11月，浙江卷）
The Caffeine Catch
Caffeine, a chemical typically found in coffee, has caused a lot of concern because it is one of the few drugs that show up regularly in our food supply. You probably 1.(use) caffeine since childhood. Caffeine 2.(be) in your first Coke. If you ever enjoyed a chocolate bar, you ate caffeine. Soft drinks are the major source(来源) of caffeine for most children and even some adults. 3.(recent), caffeine has found its way into orange, apple, and other flavored drinks.
Small amounts of caffeine-a cup 4. two of coffee a day—seem safe for most people. However, some people have trouble with even small amounts. One cup of coffee 5. the late afternoon or evening will cause 6.(they) to stay awake almost all night. Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem 7.(call) caffeinism. You get very nervous and you can’t sleep.
It is possible 8. caffeine may cause birth defects(缺陷) in humans, too. One study showed that 9.(woman) who drank a lot of coffee, like eight or more cups per day, while they were pregnant were more likely 10.(have) children with birth defects.
【答案】
1. have used/ have been using
2.is (was)
3. Recently
4. or
5.in
6.them
7. called
8.that
9. women
10. to have
【解析】本文是说明文。现在我们的许多食品中添加了咖啡因，文章介绍了大量饮用咖啡因对健康的不良影响。
1.考查时态语态。句中时间状语since childhood和现在完成时连用，此处指你可能从小就摄入咖啡因，表示动作从过去开始持续到现在或动作一直在进行，用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。故填have used/ have been using。
2.考查主谓一致。主语Caffeine是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。此处表示一种事实可以用一般现在时。也可以指小时候的事用一般过去时，故填is (was)。
3.考查副词。句意：最近，咖啡因已经进入了橙子、苹果和其他调味饮料。此处单独作状语用副词，故填Recently。
4.考查连词。此处指每天一杯或两杯咖啡，表示“或者”用连词or，故填or。
5.考查介词。表示“在下午晚些时候或晚上”是in the late afternoon or evening，介词用in，故填in。
6.考查代词。此处作动词cause的宾语用宾格形式，故填them。
7.考查过去分词。句中problem和动词call是被动关系，指这种问题被叫做caffeinism。此处用过去分词表被动，作problem的定语，故填called。
8.考查主语从句。句中it是形式主语，真正主语是后面的从句，从句中不缺少句子成分，意思完整，用that起引导作用，故填that。
9.考查名词。此处表示泛指喝大量咖啡的妇女，指某一类人用名词复数。故填women。
10.考查动词不定式。此处指每天喝大量咖啡的妇女，怀孕时孩子很可能会先天畸形。表示“可能做某事”是be likely to do sth.，用动词不定式，故填to have。
(2018年6月，浙江卷）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 1.(dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners 2. come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 3. can be to eat out. I still remember 4. (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I 5.(shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
While regularly eating out seems to 6.(become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be 7.(afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even 8. (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 9.(weigh) problems.
If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home 10. dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.
【答案】
1.dishes
2.who/that
3.it
4.visiting
5.was shocked
6.have become
7.affordable
8.higher
9.weight
10.for
【解析】作者描述了人们喜欢在外面吃饭的现象，分析了其对身体和花费的不良影响，建议我们在家做饭。
1.考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。
2.考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。
3.考查it用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是it can be how cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out是真正主语，it是形式主语。故填it。
4.考查动词形式。此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友，表示记得做过某事用remember doing sth.，故填visiting。
5.考查时态和语态。此处表示我被震惊了。shock的主语是I，两者关系是被动，动作发生在过去。故填was shocked。
6.考查动词时态。根据时间状语in recent years可知，用现在完成时，seems to后用动词原形，故填have become。
7.考查形容词。此处表示一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的。系动词be后用形容词作表语，表示“负担得起的”，故填affordable。
8.考查形容词比较级。此处修饰名词cost用形容词，even表示程度，修饰比较级，故填higher。
9.考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。
10.考查介词。表示去母亲家去吃饭，表示去向、目的用介词for，故填for。
(2018年，全国卷III）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I'm not sure 1. is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 2. top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the
3.(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 4.(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel 5.(challenge).
My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a 6.(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching 7. these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 8.(they) alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal 9.(mean)me no real harm. He was just saying: "I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 10. (stay)and watch.
【答案】
1.who
2.the
3.loudest
4.looking
5.challenged
6.scientist
7.for
8.them
9.meant
10.to stay
【解析】本文为记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在中非偶遇大猩猩，彼此惊恐的经历。
1.考查宾语从句。句意：我不确定谁更害怕，我，还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为宾语从句，空格处表示“谁”，故用who。
2.考查冠词。此处为固定短语at the top of，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。
3.考查最高级。根据后面的of all可知，他声音最大，所以用最高级loudest。
4.考查动词。动词avoid后要加doing。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用looking。
5.考查非谓语。根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战性。feel为系动词，表示“被挑战”，用过去分词challenged。
6.考查名词。根据语境可知，我是一名科学家。scientist科学家。
7.考查动词短语搭配。search for是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。
8.考查代词。此处做find 的宾语，所以用宾格them。
9.考查谓语动词。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少谓语，再根据总体时态可知要用一般过去时，所以用meant。
10.考查非谓语动词。固定短语allow sb to do允许某人做某事，应该用to stay。
(2018年，全国卷II）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 1.（grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 2. past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is 3. (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 4. (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 5. rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased 6. (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 7. (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government 8. (start) a soil-testing program 9. gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while 10. (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
【答案】
1.has grown
2.the
3.actually
4.to improve
5.than
6.pollution
7.global
8.started
9.that/which
10.feeding
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了中国为保护环境在农作物种植上做了一些变化并得到了世界上的知名认识的认可。
1.考查时态。since加时间点，主句要用现在完成时。句意：2011年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。
2.考查冠词。句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。故是特指在过去的25年里。故填the。
3.考查副词。句意：对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整，用副词修饰句子。故填actually。
4.考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语动词是encourages，故improve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填to improve。
5.考查连词。句意：玉米比大米使用的水更少。根据关键词less可知，填比较连词。故填than。
6.考查词性转换。句意：这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更加安全。has decreased后跟名词作宾语，故填pollution。
7.考查词性转换。句意：中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名词短语，故应该用形容词修饰。故填global。
8.考查谓语动词。句意：在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when引导的定语从句，由于时间是2005年，故用过去时。故填started。
9.考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。
10.考查省略句。句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作，while后面省略掉了China is，省略句的原则：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、，让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be动词时，那么可以把主语和be动词一块省略。故填feeding。
(2018年，全国卷I）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 1.(long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long2.(see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 3. (die) early by running. While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it 4. (be) more effective at lengthening life5. walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 6.showed a mere five to 10 minutes A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 7.(cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise… it's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 8.(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always9.(energy).If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give10.a try.
【答案】
1.longer
2.to see
3.dying
4.is
5.than
6.that \which
7.causes
8.strengthen
9.energetic
10.it \running
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处，它可以帮助人们减少疾病发生，延年益寿。
1.考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级，故填longer。
2.考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑的太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to see。
3.考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。
4.考查动词的时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。
5.考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的more effective可知，此处填than。
6.考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。
7.考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。空格处做from的宾语，前面有all可知，要用名词复数形式。故填causes。
8.考查词形变化。锻炼以增强你腿上的肌肉。此处to是不定式符号，其后用动词原形。故填strengthen。
9.考查词形变化。跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据it’s可知，系动词后用形容词作表语。故填energetic。
10.考查代词或名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。此处give it a try意为：试试。此处it可以指running。故填it或running。
各地名校模拟练习题
（2022·重庆南开中学高三阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个恰当的单词或者括号内单词的正确形式。
When newly admitted college students receive ____1____(they) letter of admission this summer, they may get more than just an ordinary letter.
Gao Fanqiao, a high school graduate from Shenyang, was looking forward to her admission letter from Nankai University. It arrived____2____two lotus seeds. The special meaning is____3____ the plants, which describe noble qualities in Chinese art, are used to symbolize the school’s desire that students keep their original dream and march____4____ (ambitious) toward a bright future.
Many domestic universities ____5____ (join) the urend of sending fancy surprises and fabulous admission packages in recent years to give students ____6____ amazing first impression.
Sun Yat-sen University in Guangdong sent out gift boxes containing an admission letter and Pu’er tea____7____(produce) in Fengqing county in southwestern Yunnan province. It is hoped that the freshmen will always keep in mind that they____8____ (suppose) to make contributions to places____9____they are needed most in the future.
Other innovations from schools include paper cuts to show the charm of Chinese culture, and messages to stimulate students’ ____10____(enthusiastic).
【答案】
1．their 2．with 3．that 4．ambitiously 5．have joined 6．an 7．produced 8．are supposed 9．where 10．enthusiasm
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了各大高校创意满满且饱含祝福的录取通知书。
1．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：今年夏天，当新入学的大学生收到录取通知书时，他们收到的可能不仅仅是一封普通的录取通知书。此处应用形容词性物主代词their，修饰名词letter。故填their。
2．考查介词。句意：和它一起到来的还有两粒莲花种子。结合句意，通知书送到的时候附带了两颗莲花种子，需要介词with。故填with。
3．考查表语从句。句意：特别的意义是，这些在中国艺术中描绘高尚品质的植物被用来象征学校的愿望，让学生保持最初的梦想，雄心勃勃地走向光明的未来。紧跟在is之后，此处引导表语从句，且从句不缺少任何成分和语义，用that连接。故填that。
4．考查副词。句意同上。此处应由副词修饰动词march，故填ambitiously。
5．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：近年来，国内许多大学都加入了给学生寄华丽惊喜和精美录取通知书的潮流，以给学生留下令人惊叹的第一印象。由“in recent years”可知，句子用现在完成时，又因主语universities是名词复数，助动词用have，故填have joined。
6．考查不定冠词。句意同上。impression “印象”是可数名词，此处泛指“给学生一个惊艳的第一印象”，且amazing发音以元音音素开头，应填不定冠词an。故填an。
7．考查过去分词。句意：广东的中山大学寄出了礼盒，里面装有录取信和产自云南省西南部凤庆县的普洱茶。动词produce与tea为动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填produced。
8．考查固定短语、时态和主谓一致。句意：希望新生们永远记住，他们应该为未来最需要他们的地方做出贡献。此处为固定搭配be supposed to do sth.“应该做某事”，此处用一般现在时，主语they表示复数意义，be动词用are。故填are supposed。
9．考查定语从句。句意同上。此处引导定语从句，先行词为places，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。故填where。
10．考查名词。句意：学校的其他创新还包括展示中国文化魅力的剪纸，以及激发学生热情的信息。根据空前的名词所有格students’可知，此处应填名词作宾语，enthusiasm热情，不可数名词。故填enthusiasm。
（2022·安徽·高三阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
March 14 is right around the comer, and math learners know ____11____ that means. It’s Pi Day, a holiday honoring one of math’s most famous constants (常量): pi.
The number pi, or π, is equal to the circumference (圆周长) of a circle ____12____ (divide) by the circle’s diameter (直径). That comes out to about 3.14159. This is true for circles of all sizes, from ____13____ (penny) to pizzas to planets. Pi’s value is often rounded to 3.14. That’s why Pi Day ____14____ (celebrate) on March 14. It’s also why one Earth-sized planet orbiting another star every 3.14 days is nicknamed “Pi Earth.”
But the exact value of pi is ____15____ (actual) impossible to write out. Last year, a ____16____ (power) computer calculated pi to record-breaking 62.8 trillion (万亿) figures. And in 2005, one 23-year-old used clever mental tricks to recite nearly 68,000 of those figures from memory. No one, though, will ever get to ____17____ end of pi.
Historians aren’t sure when people first ____18____ (discover) the concept of pi. But it’s been known in some form ____19____ almost 4,000 years. Ancient Greeks and Babylonians knew estimates of it. The Egyptians may have used pi _____20_____ (build) the pyramids. And still today, pi is used in just about all math involving circles.
【答案】
11．what 12．divided 13．pennies 14．is celebrated 15．actually 16．powerful 17．the 18．discovered 19．for 20．to build
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了数学里面最著名的常量之一：圆周率π。作为一个无限不循环小数，有人挑战记忆它的巨长的数字，但是无人能背到它的最后一个数字。它的作用很大，被运用到很多领域之中。
11．考查宾语从句。句意：3月14日即将到来，数学学习者知道这意味着什么。分析句子可知，know“知道”后接宾语从句，需要使用关系代词what引导，在从句中作主语。故填what。
12．考查过去分词。句意：π等于圆的周长除以圆的直径。分析句子可知，此处divide“除以”需要使用过去分词形式，作the circumstance of a circle“圆的周长”的后置定语，即被除以直径的圆周长。故填divided。
13．考查名词复数。句意：这适用于各种大小的圆圈，从便士到披萨，再到行星。分析句子可知，此处无表示单数的量词或冠词修饰的可数名词penny“便士”需要填写复数形式pennies。故填pennies。
14．考查被动语态。句意：这就是为什么在3月14日庆祝圆周率日。分析句子可知，此处动词celebrate“庆祝”作表语从句的谓语动词，使用一般现在时的被动语态表示“被庆祝”。故填is celebrated。
15．考查副词。句意：但π的确切值实际上不可能写出。分析句子可知，此处形容词actual“实际的”需要使用副词形式，修饰后面的形容词impossible“不可能”。故填actually。
16．考查形容词。句意：去年，一台强大的计算机计算出了破纪录的62.8万亿数字。分析句子可知，此处名词power“力量”需要改为形容词powerful “强大的”作定语修饰computer“电脑”。故填powerful。
17．考查定冠词。句意：然而，没有人会算到圆周率的最后一个数字。分析句子可知，此处需要添加定冠词the表示特指圆周率这个数字的终点。故填the。
18．考查动词时态。句意：历史学家不确定人们何时首次发现圆周率的概念。分析句子可知，此处discover“发现”作宾语从句的谓语动词，与主语people构成主动关系，且是过去发生的事情，故使用一般过去时。故填discovered。
19．考查介词。句意：但它已经以某种形式被知道了近4000年。分析句子可知，此处时间状语almost 4,000 years“将近4,000年”表示持续的时间，使用介词for连接符合语法规则。故填for。
20．考查不定式。句意：埃及人可能使用了圆周率修筑金字塔。分析句子可知，动词build“修建”需要使用不定式，表示使用圆周率的目的。故填to build。
（2022·湖北黄冈·高三期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
After finishing online classes at home during the covid-19 pandemic. Hong Nanjia,16, from Zhixin High School in Guangzhou, puts on her apron (围裙) and begins her one hour of chores. Then she needs to share her feelings in a diary ____21____ will be handed in to her teacher.
Most students____22____ (require) to take part in the labor class once per week. Since September, labor class has been listed as____23____ official course in the school lives of primary and middle school students. Qian Chenyi supports this policy. He said that he started the labor class during, middle school. All the students would gather weed in the school garden____24____ water the plants.
According to Qian, his school would invite professionals to provide them____25____ practical skills for their daily lives. “ When shared bikes- became____26____ ( gradual) popular in 2020, students were taken to the parking spots and/helped/put them into the right place. Professionals also____27____ (show) us how to fix the bikes.” Qian said. “After____28____ (learn) first aid, students volunteer to help people who have had accidents in the water. He added that if students found a specific topic____29____ (attract), they would focus on it and only take part in the labor class____30____ (relate) to that topic. “Through the labor classes, we not only find our interests but also become more well- rounded.” said Qian.
【答案】
21．that ##which 22．are required 23．an 24．and 25．with 26．gradually 27．showed 28．learning 29．attractive 30．related
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了广州志新中学在网课期间给学生提供日常生活中的实用技能。
21．考查定语从句。句意：然后她需要在日记中分享她的感受，这将交给她的老师。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词diary，指物，关系代词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或者that引导该从句。故填which/that。
22．考查谓语动词。句意：大多数学生被要求每周参加一次劳动课。设空处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语once a week，可知句子的时态为一般现在时，设空处和句子的主语之间为被动关系，故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态；主语为复数名词students，根据主谓一致，谓语动词也应用复数形式。故填are required。
23．考查不定冠词。句意：自9月起，劳动课被列为中小学生学校生活的正式课程。设空处后为名词单数，表示泛指，设空处应用不定冠词，空后的形容词发音以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。
24．考查连词。句意：所有的学生都会在学校的花园里收集杂草并给植物浇水。提示词water“给……浇水”与gather是并列谓语动词，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。
25．考查介词。句意：钱学森表示，他所在的学校会邀请专业人士为他们提供日常生活中的实用技能。固定短语provide sb with sth“提供给某人某物”。故填with。
26．考查副词。句意：当共享单车在2020年逐渐流行起来时，学生们被带到停车点，并帮助把它们放在正确的地方。设空处修饰形容词popular，应用副词。故填gradually。
27．考查谓语动词。句意：2020年，学生被带到停车位，并帮助他们把他们放在正确的地方。专业人士也教我们如何修理自行车。设空处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语in 2020，可知句子的时态为一般过去时。故填showed。
28．考查介词。句意：在学习了急救知识后，学生们自愿帮助在水中发生事故的人。空前为介词after，介词后用动名词作宾语。故填learning。
29．考查形容词。句意：他补充说，如果学生们发现一个特定的话题有吸引力，他们就会专注于它，只参加与该话题相关的劳动课。分析句子的结构可知，该句式为“find+宾语+宾补”的结构，设空处应用形容词作补语。故填attractive。
30．考查动词的过去分词作后置定语。句意见上题解析。设空处在句中作非谓语，和其逻辑主语class之间是逻辑的被动关系，应用动词的过去分词形式作后置定语。故填related。
（2022·安徽·高三期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。
The summer of 2022 is certain to be an unforgettable memory for the Chongqing people, a summer ____31____ we were tested beyond measure and came together to adapt and overcome.
Long known ____32____ a stove of China, Chongqing experienced the summer temperature of 2022 up to 45℃ by day.
This brought about many problems, including dried—up rivers, lack of power, drought, and forest fires in 9 districts. The situation was difficult and complex. But the people became stronger than ever.
What I saw was that when things got hard, Chongqing ____33____ (rise) to the challenge. Without complaint, the city began to save electricity, reducing hours for shopping malls to ensure critical power was safe for residents, hospitals ____34____ schools.
____35____ (fight) the fire, professionals and volunteers came forward and gave all their ____36____ (strong). Firefighters and thousands of volunteers worked day and night to prevent the flames destroying several mountainous districts in Chongqing. Motorcycle ____37____ (fan) rode through smoke and fire to deliver essential fire fighting supplies on remote roads as the people of Chongqing united to prevent ____38____ (far) disaster.
Exhausted, sweaty, and tired, we rested but did not give up. We lost the fight only by ____39____ (quit). The army came to help fight the fire, and _____40_____ (thorough) put out the fire.
【答案】
31．when 32．as 33．rose 34．and 35．To fight 36．strength 37．fans 38．further 39．quitting 40．thoroughly
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了2022年的夏天，高温天气一定会成为重庆人民难忘的记忆。重庆人民在这个夏天经受了无法估量的考验，一起努力适应并克服艰难。
31．考查连词。句意：2022年的夏天，对重庆人来说，一定是一个难以忘怀的夏天。这个夏天，我们经受了巨大的考验，一起适应、一起克服。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词when引导的定语从句，先行词为summer，在从句中作状语，故用when引导。故填when。
32．考查介词。句意：重庆素有“中国火炉”之称，2022年夏季气温高达45℃。be known as“作为……而出名”为固定短语，满足句意要求。故填as。
33．考查动词。句意：我看到的是，当事情变得困难时，重庆迎接了挑战。根据语境以及从句中的动词saw可知，此处表示动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时。故填rose。
34．考查连词。句意：在没有投诉的情况下，该市开始节电，减少了购物中心的工作时间，以确保居民、医院和学校的安全。由句意可知，此处residents, hospitals和 schools为并列关系。故填and。
35．考查动词不定式。句意：为了救火，专业人员和志愿者挺身而出，倾尽全力。根据语意可知，此处为动词不定式to do表示“为了……”，作目的状语满足句意要求。故填To fight。
36．考查名词。句意：为了救火，专业人员和志愿者挺身而出，倾尽全力。由空前their为形容词可知，此处为名词形式。故填strength。
37．考查名词复数形式。句意：摩托车爱好者们冒着浓烟和火焰，在偏远的道路上运送必要的消防物资，重庆人民团结起来，防止进一步的灾难。此处fan是名词形式，为可数名词，表示“粉丝，迷”，此处无范围限制，故用复数形式。故填fans。
38．考查形容词比较级。句意：摩托车爱好者们冒着浓烟和火焰，在偏远的道路上运送必要的消防物资，重庆人民团结起来，防止进一步的灾难。根据句意可知，此处意思是“进一步的”，用作定语，修饰名词disaster，故用further。故填further。
39．考查动名词。句意：筋疲力尽，汗流浃背，疲惫不堪，我们休息了，但没有放弃。分析句子可知，此处为介词by的宾语，故用动名词形式。故填quitting。
40．考查副词。句意：军队赶来帮忙救火，把火彻底扑灭了。此处用副词作状语，修饰动词短语put out。故填thoroughly。
（2022·广东佛山·高三专题练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词，或括号内单词的正确形式。
In mid-September in 2022, to honor the 110th anniversary of the birth of nuclear physicist Wu Chien-shiung, ____41____ global online conference was held to mark this anniversary. Compared with physicists such as Marie Curie, Wu is not a household name in China or in the United States, ____42____ she was one of the most influential nuclear physicists of the 20th century.
Wu was born on May 31, 1912, in Liuhe town, Taicang, ____43____ the Yangtze River flows into the East Sea. Wu’s father, Wu Zhongyi, received a modern ____44____ (educate) in Shanghai, and in 1913, ____45____ (found) the first school for girls in Taicang. He aimed ____46____ (break) the old sexist advocacy that it was women’s virtue to have no talents.
The father, absorbing the merits of Western ideas while bearing the great thoughts rooted deep in Chinese culture in mind, had the most profound influence ____47____ Wu Chien-shiung’s life. She spent most of her life in the US, but always wore qipao. Working in the scientific world dominated by men, she never gave up or lowered her standards even if ____48____ (unequal) treated.
During her 44-year career as a nuclear physicist, Wu’s great ____49____ (achievement) won her nicknames such as “Chinese Madame Curie”. She was the first woman to be president of American Physical Society, and the first female winner of the Comstock Prize in physics ____50____ (give) by the US National Academy of Sciences.
【答案】
41．a 42．but 43．where 44．education 45．founded 46．to break 47．on 48．unequally 49．achievements 50．given
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了中国物理学家吴健雄。
41．考查不定冠词。句意：2022年9月中旬，为纪念核物理学家吴健雄诞辰110周年，举行了一个全球网络会议。conference会议，是可数名词，此处泛指“一个全球网络会议”，应用不定冠词。global首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。
42．考查并列连词。句意：与Marie Curie等物理学家相比，吴在中国或美国都不是一个家喻户晓的名字，但她是20世纪最有影响力的核物理学家之一。结合句意可知，前后句是转折关系，应用连词but。故填but。
43．考查定语从句。句意：1912年5月31日出生在长江入东海的太仓市浏河镇。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Liuhe town, Taicang，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。
44．考查名词。句意：吴健雄的父亲吴忠义在上海接受了现代教育，并于1913年在太仓创办了第一所女子学校。此处应填名词作received的宾语，education教育。故填education。
45．考查过去分词。句意同上。根据时间状语“in 1913”可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填founded。
46．考查动词不定式。句意：他的目标是打破旧的性别歧视主张，即没有天赋是女性的美德。aim to do sth目标是做某事，故此处用动词不定式，故填to break。
47．考查介词。句意：父亲吸收了西方思想的优点，又吸收了中国文化中深深扎根的伟大思想，对吴健雄的一生影响最为深远。have an influence on对……有影响，固定搭配。故填on。
48．考查副词。句意：她在男性主导的科学领域工作，即使受到不平等的待遇，她也从不放弃或降低自己的标准。此处用副词形式修饰动词treated。故填unequally。
49．考查名词复数。句意：在她44年的核物理学家职业生涯中，她的伟大成就为她赢得了“中国的居里夫人”等绰号。achievement成就，可数名词，此处应用复数表示泛指，故填achievements。
50．考查过去分词。句意：她是美国物理学会的首位女性主席，也是美国国家科学院颁发的科姆斯托克物理学奖的首位女性获奖者。动词give和female winner之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填given。
（2022·江苏盐城·高三期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area reported a sharp decline in water consumption and a great improvement in natural and living environment.
Water consumption per unit of GDP for the area, also known ___51___ Beijing E-Town, was only one-third of Beijing’s average. The ___52___ (efficient) of water use in the area is among the highest ___53___(global), said an official at the administrative committee of Beijing E-Town.
In the past decade, Beijing E-Town has __54__(far) improved its natural and living environment,___55___(struggle) to become an ideal place to live and work and an urban area free of “urban diseases”, which refer to problems facing big cities such as traffic jams and environmental pollution.
Now, it has become an ideal habitat for animals. Every year, a large group of birds ___56___(spot) in the Beijing E-Town section of the Liangshui River, ___57___was once full of pollution and had an unpleasant smell. After more than 10 years of pollution control and management, it___58___(pass) the evaluation by the Ministry of Water Resources in 2020, ___59___(recognize) as one of the first exemplary (典范) rivers in China.
“Beijing E-Town will continue to adopt a people-centered approach to development and promote the combination of industrial growth ___60___urban development,”said an official of Beijing E-Town.
【答案】
51．as 52．efficiency 53．globally 54．further 55．struggling 56．are spotted 57．which 58．passed 59．recognized 60．and##with
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是北京经济技术开发区的用水量大幅下降，自然环境和人居环境有了很大改善。
51．考查介词。句意：北京E城的单位GDP用水量仅为北京平均水平的三分之一。be known as是固定短语，意为“被称为”，因此空格处是介词as，故填as。
52．考查名词。句意：北京E城管理委员会的一位官员表示，该地区的用水效率是全球最高的。空格处用名词作主语，efficient的名词是efficiency，意为“效率”，是不可数名词，故填efficiency。
53．考查副词。句意：北京E城管理委员会的一位官员表示，该地区的用水效率是全球最高的。空格处用副词globally作状语，故填globally。
54．考查比较级。句意：在过去的十年里，北京E城进一步改善了自然环境和人居环境，力争成为理想的生活和工作场所，成为一个没有“城市病”的城区。“城市病”指的是大城市面临的交通拥堵、环境污染等问题。根据语境可知，此处表示“北京E城进一步改善了自然环境和人居环境”，空格处意为“进一步”，是比较级further，故填further。
55．考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的十年里，北京E城进一步改善了自然环境和人居环境，力争成为理想的生活和工作场所，成为一个没有“城市病”的城区。“城市病”指的是大城市面临的交通拥堵、环境污染等问题。分析句子结构可知，句中谓语是has further improved，空格处用非谓语动词，Beijing E-Town和struggle之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填struggling。
56．考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：每年，在曾经充满污染和难闻气味的北京Liangshui河段，都能看到一大群鸟。鸟是被发现，由Every year可知，时态用一般现在时，因此空格处是一般现在时的被动语态，主语“a large group of birds”是复数，因此空格处是are spotted，故填are spotted。
57．考查定语从句。句意：每年，在曾经充满污染和难闻气味的北京Liangshui河段，都能看到一大群鸟。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词Liangshui River是河流，因此空格处用关系代词which，故填which。
58．考查时态。句意：经过十多年的污染治理，它于2020年通过水利部评价，被认定为中国首批示范河流之一。空格处是谓语，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填passed。
59．考查非谓语动词。句意：经过十多年的污染治理，它于2020年通过水利部评价，被认定为中国首批示范河流之一。句中谓语是passed，空格处用非谓语动词，it和recognize之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填recognized。
60．考查介词和连词。句意：“北京E城将继续坚持以人民为中心的发展理念，促进产业增长和城市发展的结合，”北京E城的一位官员表示。the combination of sth. and/with sth.是固定用法，意为“某物和某物的结合”，因此空格处是and/with，故填and/with。
（2022·江苏扬州·高三期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Exploring the moon is a dream that we Chinese have been pursuing for ages, and we are proud of the ____61____ (achieve) in the past decade.
On Dec 2, 2013, as ____62____ key part of the second step of the three-phase lunar probe (探 测) projects, China started the Chang’e 3 mission to explore the moon. After about 12 days of fight, the Chang’e 3 probe ____63____ (success) soft-landed on the lunar soil, becoming the first Chinese spacecraft on the moon. And China is the first country ____64____ (reach) this goal in nearly fourdecades. It then released the first Chinese lunar rover, Yutu, which worked there for nearly 1,000 days, until July 2016.
On Dec 8, 2018, China launched its fourth lunar probe, Chang’e 4, toward the far side of the moon, ____65____ always faces away from Earth. Twenty six days into its journey, the unmanned spacecraft made a soft-landing in the south basin, ____66____ (start) mankind’s first close observation of the moon’s little-known far side. The mission’s core component—the Yutu 2 rover—____67____ (work) on the moon for nearly 1,400 days so far, ____68____ (long) than any other rover of all time.
On Nov 24, 2020, the Chang’e 5 robotic mission ____69____ (launch) from Wenchang and landed on the moon on Dec 1. The mission brought 1,731 grams of lunar rocks and soil back ____70____ Earth on Dec 17. The 23-day mission made China the third county that has retrieved (带回) lunar sample.
【答案】
61．achievements 62．a 63．successfully 64．to reach##to have reached 65．which 66．starting 67．has worked 68．longer 69．was launched 70．to
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国过去十年在月球探索的成就。
61．考查名词。句意：探索月球是我们中国人多年来追求的梦想，我们为过去十年取得的成就感到自豪。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词the，所以空处应填名词，通读全文可知，此处指下文三个阶段分别取得的成就，用复数形式。故填achievements。
62．考查冠词。句意：2013年12月2日，作为三期探月工程第二阶段的关键部分，中国启动了嫦娥三号探月任务。分析句子结构可知，嫦娥3号，作为探月工程三个阶段中第二阶段的“一个”关键部分。表示泛指，用不定冠词，空后key为辅音音素开头，应该用a。故填a。
63．考查副词。句意：经过约12天的战斗，嫦娥三号探测器成功在月球土壤上软着陆，成为中国首个登月航天器。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰后面的谓语动词soft-landed，所以空处应填副词，success的副词形式是successfully。故填successfully。
64．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国是近40年来第一个实现这一目标的国家。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词is，所以reach应该用非谓语形式，the first country后面用通常动词不定式to reach作后置定语，也可以强调已经达成这样的目标，用动词不定式的完成式to have reached。故填to reach或者to have reached。
65．考查定语从句关系词。句意：2018年12月8日，中国向月球背面发射了第四枚月球探测器“嫦娥四号”，该探测器始终背对着地球。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，后面谓语动词faces缺少主语，即上文的the far side of the moon，因此用关系代词which。故填which。
66．考查非谓语动词。句意：在26天的旅程中，无人飞船在月球南部盆地软着陆，开始了人类对月球鲜为人知的背面的首次近距离观察。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词made，所以start应该用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是the unmanned spacecraft，两者间是主动关系，所以用现在分词，作结果状语。故填starting。
67．考查动词时态。句意：该任务的核心部件“玉兔二号”月球车到目前为止已经在月球上工作了近1400天，比任何其他月球车都要长。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以work作本句谓语，根据后面的时间状语so far可知，谓语动词应该用现在完成时，主语是core component为第三人称单数。故填has worked。
68．考查形容词比较级。句意：该任务的核心部件“玉兔二号”月球车到目前为止已经在月球上工作了近1400天，比任何其他月球车都要长。根据空后的than可知，空处应该用形容词的比较级。故填longer。
69．考查动词时态语态。句意：2020年11月24日，嫦娥五号机器人探测器从文昌发射升空，并于12月1日登陆月球。根据前面的时间状语及后面并列的谓语动词时态可知，本题应该用一般过去时，并且嫦娥5号是“被发射”，因此用一般过去时的被动语态，主语the Chang’e 5 robotic mission为第三人称单数。故填was launched
70．考查介词。句意：该任务于12月17日将1731克月球岩石和土壤带回地球。固定搭配bring...(back) to...“把……带回……”。故填to。
（2022·江苏徐州·高三期中）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Tibet autonomous region has achieved all-around progress in the sports sector, ____71____ (pour) nearly 5. 23 billion yuan into sports projects, officials said at a news conference in Lhasa this Monday.
As part of this historic breakthrough, the region has been making efforts to enhance the protection and inheritance of ethnic sports and the ____72____ (develop) of outdoor sports. Up to now, over 20 ethnic sports, including Lhasa kite-flying, ____73____(put) on the national cultural heritage lists, and activities such as Tibetan wrestling have been included as events at national ethnic sports meets. Stone-lifting and Tibetan chess are now among activities ____74____have been included in regional ethnic sports meets.
____75____(enrich) with natural resources such as snow-capped mountains, rivers, lakes, grasslands and forests, Tibet is an ideal place for outdoor sports, such as running, trekking, cycling and ski mountaineering, Wang Dejun, spokesman for the regional sports bureau, told ____76____ news conference on Monday.
Participation ____77____sports throughout the region has improved ____78____ (dramatic) over the past decade, ____79____more than 997, 000people regularly taking part in physical exercise. “We expect that the outdoor sports industry ____80____ (become) a pillar industry in the region eventually and contribute to the economy, ” Wang added.
【答案】
71．pouring##having poured 72．development 73．have been put 74．that##which 75．Enriched 76．the 77．in 78．dramatically 79．with 80．will become
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了近十年西藏自治区在体育事业上的取得的巨大进步，并且户外运动将为当地经济做出巨大贡献。
71．考查非谓语动词。句意：政府官员本周一在拉萨举行的新闻发布会上表示，西藏自治区体育事业全面发展，将投入5.23亿元用于体育项目。本句谓语动词是has achieved, 此处需填非谓语动词作状语，pour和逻辑主语The Tibet autonomous region是主谓的关系，应用现在分词形式，结合句意也可以用现在分词的完成时态，表示非谓语动作发生在谓语动作之前。故填pouring或having poured。
72．考查名词。句意：作为这一历史性突破的一部分，新疆一直在努力加强民族体育的保护和传承，发展户外运动。根据the+n.+of的用法，此处应填名词development与and前的ethnic sports并列作of后的宾语，development是不可数名词。故填development。
73．考查谓语动词。句意：目前，“拉萨放风筝”等20多个民族体育项目被列入国家文化遗产名录，“藏人摔跤”等项目被列入全国少数民族体育运动会项目。分析句子结构可知，and前的第一个并列分句中缺谓语，且时间状语为Up to now，需用现在完成时，结合句意需使用被动语态，主语为over 20 ethnic sports，是复数，主谓需保持一致。故填have been put。
74．考查定语从句。句意：举重、藏棋等项目已列入地方民族运动会项目。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词activities,从句缺主语，先行词指物，限制性定语从句用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。
75．考查形容词。句意：西藏自治区体育局发言人王德军在周一的新闻发布会上说，西藏拥有丰富的自然资源，如雪山、河流、湖泊、草原和森林，是跑步、徒步、骑自行车和滑雪登山等户外运动的理想场所。be enriched in 是固定搭配，意为“在……方面富足”，此处形容词作状语，表示主语Tibet的特征，首字母需大写。故填Enriched。
76．考查冠词。句意：西藏自治区体育局发言人王德军（音译）在周一的新闻发布会上说，西藏拥有丰富的自然资源，如雪山、河流、湖泊、草原和森林，是跑步、徒步、骑自行车和滑雪登山等户外运动的理想场所。此处名词前用定冠词，特指第一段中提到的新闻发布会。故填the。
77．考查介词。句意：在过去十年中，整个地区的体育参与度有了显著提高，有超过99.7万人定期参加体育锻炼。participate in是固定短语，意为“参与”，作为名词形式后面也跟介词in，sports作其后的宾语。故填in。
78．考查副词。句意：在过去十年中，整个地区的体育参与度有了显著提高，有超过99.7万人定期参加体育锻炼。此处has improved是谓语动词，需用副词形式修饰。故填dramatically。
79．考查介词。句意：在过去十年中，整个地区的体育参与度有了显著提高，有超过99.7万人定期参加体育锻炼。空后taking part in是现在分词形式,属于非谓语，故空处不是引导从句，结合句意，用with的复合结构作状语，即“with+宾+宾补”的结构。故填with。
80．考查谓语。句意：“我们预计户外运动产业最终将成为该地区的支柱产业，并为经济做出贡献，”王补充说。that引导的宾语从句中缺谓语，结合句意，需使用一般将来时。故填will become。专题05 备战2023年高考英语语法填空近八年各地高考语法真题汇编+名校模拟强化练习(原卷版)
2018年高考真题篇
(2018年11月，浙江卷）
The Caffeine Catch
Caffeine, a chemical typically found in coffee, has caused a lot of concern because it is one of the few drugs that show up regularly in our food supply. You probably 1.(use) caffeine since childhood. Caffeine 2.(be) in your first Coke. If you ever enjoyed a chocolate bar, you ate caffeine. Soft drinks are the major source(来源) of caffeine for most children and even some adults. 3.(recent), caffeine has found its way into orange, apple, and other flavored drinks.
Small amounts of caffeine-a cup 4. two of coffee a day—seem safe for most people. However, some people have trouble with even small amounts. One cup of coffee 5. the late afternoon or evening will cause 6.(they) to stay awake almost all night. Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem 7.(call) caffeinism. You get very nervous and you can’t sleep.
It is possible 8. caffeine may cause birth defects(缺陷) in humans, too. One study showed that 9.(woman) who drank a lot of coffee, like eight or more cups per day, while they were pregnant were more likely 10.(have) children with birth defects.
(2018年6月，浙江卷）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 1.(dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners 2. come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 3. can be to eat out. I still remember 4. (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I 5.(shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
While regularly eating out seems to 6.(become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be 7.(afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even 8. (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 9.(weigh) problems.
If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home 10. dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.
(2018年，全国卷III）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I'm not sure 1. is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 2. top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the
3.(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 4.(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel 5.(challenge).
My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a 6.(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching 7. these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 8.(they) alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal 9.(mean)me no real harm. He was just saying: "I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 10. (stay)and watch.
(2018年，全国卷II）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 1.（grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 2. past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is 3. (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 4. (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 5. rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased 6. (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 7. (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government 8. (start) a soil-testing program 9. gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while 10. (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
(2018年，全国卷I）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 1.(long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long2.(see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 3. (die) early by running. While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it 4. (be) more effective at lengthening life5. walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 6.showed a mere five to 10 minutes A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 7.(cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise… it's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 8.(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always9.(energy).If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give10.a try.
各地名校模拟练习题
（2022·重庆南开中学高三阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个恰当的单词或者括号内单词的正确形式。
When newly admitted college students receive ____1____(they) letter of admission this summer, they may get more than just an ordinary letter.
Gao Fanqiao, a high school graduate from Shenyang, was looking forward to her admission letter from Nankai University. It arrived____2____two lotus seeds. The special meaning is____3____ the plants, which describe noble qualities in Chinese art, are used to symbolize the school’s desire that students keep their original dream and march____4____ (ambitious) toward a bright future.
Many domestic universities ____5____ (join) the urend of sending fancy surprises and fabulous admission packages in recent years to give students ____6____ amazing first impression.
Sun Yat-sen University in Guangdong sent out gift boxes containing an admission letter and Pu’er tea____7____(produce) in Fengqing county in southwestern Yunnan province. It is hoped that the freshmen will always keep in mind that they____8____ (suppose) to make contributions to places____9____they are needed most in the future.
Other innovations from schools include paper cuts to show the charm of Chinese culture, and messages to stimulate students’ ____10____(enthusiastic).
（2022·安徽·高三阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
March 14 is right around the comer, and math learners know ____11____ that means. It’s Pi Day, a holiday honoring one of math’s most famous constants (常量): pi.
The number pi, or π, is equal to the circumference (圆周长) of a circle ____12____ (divide) by the circle’s diameter (直径). That comes out to about 3.14159. This is true for circles of all sizes, from ____13____ (penny) to pizzas to planets. Pi’s value is often rounded to 3.14. That’s why Pi Day ____14____ (celebrate) on March 14. It’s also why one Earth-sized planet orbiting another star every 3.14 days is nicknamed “Pi Earth.”
But the exact value of pi is ____15____ (actual) impossible to write out. Last year, a ____16____ (power) computer calculated pi to record-breaking 62.8 trillion (万亿) figures. And in 2005, one 23-year-old used clever mental tricks to recite nearly 68,000 of those figures from memory. No one, though, will ever get to ____17____ end of pi.
Historians aren’t sure when people first ____18____ (discover) the concept of pi. But it’s been known in some form ____19____ almost 4,000 years. Ancient Greeks and Babylonians knew estimates of it. The Egyptians may have used pi _____20_____ (build) the pyramids. And still today, pi is used in just about all math involving circles.
（2022·湖北黄冈·高三期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
After finishing online classes at home during the covid-19 pandemic. Hong Nanjia,16, from Zhixin High School in Guangzhou, puts on her apron (围裙) and begins her one hour of chores. Then she needs to share her feelings in a diary ____21____ will be handed in to her teacher.
Most students____22____ (require) to take part in the labor class once per week. Since September, labor class has been listed as____23____ official course in the school lives of primary and middle school students. Qian Chenyi supports this policy. He said that he started the labor class during, middle school. All the students would gather weed in the school garden____24____ water the plants.
According to Qian, his school would invite professionals to provide them____25____ practical skills for their daily lives. “ When shared bikes- became____26____ ( gradual) popular in 2020, students were taken to the parking spots and/helped/put them into the right place. Professionals also____27____ (show) us how to fix the bikes.” Qian said. “After____28____ (learn) first aid, students volunteer to help people who have had accidents in the water. He added that if students found a specific topic____29____ (attract), they would focus on it and only take part in the labor class____30____ (relate) to that topic. “Through the labor classes, we not only find our interests but also become more well- rounded.” said Qian.
（2022·安徽·高三期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。
The summer of 2022 is certain to be an unforgettable memory for the Chongqing people, a summer ____31____ we were tested beyond measure and came together to adapt and overcome.
Long known ____32____ a stove of China, Chongqing experienced the summer temperature of 2022 up to 45℃ by day.
This brought about many problems, including dried—up rivers, lack of power, drought, and forest fires in 9 districts. The situation was difficult and complex. But the people became stronger than ever.
What I saw was that when things got hard, Chongqing ____33____ (rise) to the challenge. Without complaint, the city began to save electricity, reducing hours for shopping malls to ensure critical power was safe for residents, hospitals ____34____ schools.
____35____ (fight) the fire, professionals and volunteers came forward and gave all their ____36____ (strong). Firefighters and thousands of volunteers worked day and night to prevent the flames destroying several mountainous districts in Chongqing. Motorcycle ____37____ (fan) rode through smoke and fire to deliver essential fire fighting supplies on remote roads as the people of Chongqing united to prevent ____38____ (far) disaster.
Exhausted, sweaty, and tired, we rested but did not give up. We lost the fight only by ____39____ (quit). The army came to help fight the fire, and _____40_____ (thorough) put out the fire.
（2022·广东佛山·高三专题练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词，或括号内单词的正确形式。
In mid-September in 2022, to honor the 110th anniversary of the birth of nuclear physicist Wu Chien-shiung, ____41____ global online conference was held to mark this anniversary. Compared with physicists such as Marie Curie, Wu is not a household name in China or in the United States, ____42____ she was one of the most influential nuclear physicists of the 20th century.
Wu was born on May 31, 1912, in Liuhe town, Taicang, ____43____ the Yangtze River flows into the East Sea. Wu’s father, Wu Zhongyi, received a modern ____44____ (educate) in Shanghai, and in 1913, ____45____ (found) the first school for girls in Taicang. He aimed ____46____ (break) the old sexist advocacy that it was women’s virtue to have no talents.
The father, absorbing the merits of Western ideas while bearing the great thoughts rooted deep in Chinese culture in mind, had the most profound influence ____47____ Wu Chien-shiung’s life. She spent most of her life in the US, but always wore qipao. Working in the scientific world dominated by men, she never gave up or lowered her standards even if ____48____ (unequal) treated.
During her 44-year career as a nuclear physicist, Wu’s great ____49____ (achievement) won her nicknames such as “Chinese Madame Curie”. She was the first woman to be president of American Physical Society, and the first female winner of the Comstock Prize in physics ____50____ (give) by the US National Academy of Sciences.
（2022·江苏盐城·高三期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area reported a sharp decline in water consumption and a great improvement in natural and living environment.
Water consumption per unit of GDP for the area, also known ___51___ Beijing E-Town, was only one-third of Beijing’s average. The ___52___ (efficient) of water use in the area is among the highest ___53___(global), said an official at the administrative committee of Beijing E-Town.
In the past decade, Beijing E-Town has __54__(far) improved its natural and living environment,___55___(struggle) to become an ideal place to live and work and an urban area free of “urban diseases”, which refer to problems facing big cities such as traffic jams and environmental pollution.
Now, it has become an ideal habitat for animals. Every year, a large group of birds ___56___(spot) in the Beijing E-Town section of the Liangshui River, ___57___was once full of pollution and had an unpleasant smell. After more than 10 years of pollution control and management, it___58___(pass) the evaluation by the Ministry of Water Resources in 2020, ___59___(recognize) as one of the first exemplary (典范) rivers in China.
“Beijing E-Town will continue to adopt a people-centered approach to development and promote the combination of industrial growth ___60___urban development,”said an official of Beijing E-Town.
（2022·江苏扬州·高三期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Exploring the moon is a dream that we Chinese have been pursuing for ages, and we are proud of the ____61____ (achieve) in the past decade.
On Dec 2, 2013, as ____62____ key part of the second step of the three-phase lunar probe (探 测) projects, China started the Chang’e 3 mission to explore the moon. After about 12 days of fight, the Chang’e 3 probe ____63____ (success) soft-landed on the lunar soil, becoming the first Chinese spacecraft on the moon. And China is the first country ____64____ (reach) this goal in nearly fourdecades. It then released the first Chinese lunar rover, Yutu, which worked there for nearly 1,000 days, until July 2016.
On Dec 8, 2018, China launched its fourth lunar probe, Chang’e 4, toward the far side of the moon, ____65____ always faces away from Earth. Twenty six days into its journey, the unmanned spacecraft made a soft-landing in the south basin, ____66____ (start) mankind’s first close observation of the moon’s little-known far side. The mission’s core component—the Yutu 2 rover—____67____ (work) on the moon for nearly 1,400 days so far, ____68____ (long) than any other rover of all time.
On Nov 24, 2020, the Chang’e 5 robotic mission ____69____ (launch) from Wenchang and landed on the moon on Dec 1. The mission brought 1,731 grams of lunar rocks and soil back ____70____ Earth on Dec 17. The 23-day mission made China the third county that has retrieved (带回) lunar sample.
（2022·江苏徐州·高三期中）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Tibet autonomous region has achieved all-around progress in the sports sector, ____71____ (pour) nearly 5. 23 billion yuan into sports projects, officials said at a news conference in Lhasa this Monday.
As part of this historic breakthrough, the region has been making efforts to enhance the protection and inheritance of ethnic sports and the ____72____ (develop) of outdoor sports. Up to now, over 20 ethnic sports, including Lhasa kite-flying, ____73____(put) on the national cultural heritage lists, and activities such as Tibetan wrestling have been included as events at national ethnic sports meets. Stone-lifting and Tibetan chess are now among activities ____74____have been included in regional ethnic sports meets.
____75____(enrich) with natural resources such as snow-capped mountains, rivers, lakes, grasslands and forests, Tibet is an ideal place for outdoor sports, such as running, trekking, cycling and ski mountaineering, Wang Dejun, spokesman for the regional sports bureau, told ____76____ news conference on Monday.
Participation ____77____sports throughout the region has improved ____78____ (dramatic) over the past decade, ____79____more than 997, 000people regularly taking part in physical exercise. “We expect that the outdoor sports industry ____80____ (become) a pillar industry in the region eventually and contribute to the economy, ” Wang added.

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