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写作技巧解题技巧
一．八种基本句型
1．主语＋谓语(不及物动词)
该句型常用来表示主语的动作或状态。其特点为：句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
①Every second counts．
分秒必争。
②Our efforts paid off．
我们的努力有所回报。
2．主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语
该句式特点为：谓语动词均为实义动词，都是主语发出的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟一个宾语(宾语可以由名词、代词、动名词、不定式等来充当)，即动作的承受者，才能表达完整的意思。
①And he stressed the importance of working with our own hands．
而且他强调了我们动手劳动的重要性。
②I appreciated my maths teacher's praise and encouragement．
我感谢我的数学老师的称赞和鼓励。
3．主语＋系动词＋表语
该句式就是常说的主系表结构。此句式侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样，谓语动词需用系动词(主要是be动词)，表语多为形容词，也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式及分词等。
①We feel at ease in school uniform every day.
每天我们穿着校服感到很轻松。
②To be frank, studying for a degree in a different culture is never easy．
坦率地讲，在一个不同的文化环境中学习并获得一个学位绝非易事。
4．主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
此句式中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语；一个是表示物的直接宾语。一般间接宾语在前面，直接宾语在后面。
①Now I would like to offer you some advice．
现在我想给你提供一些建议。
②First he showed us the basic steps and skills of making dough figurines.
首先他向我们展示了做面人的基本步骤和技能。
5．主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语
此句式中的动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的，直接跟在宾语之后。
①I'd like to invite you to join us in a performance．
我想邀请你和我们一起表演节目。
②The traditional Chinese clothes will make the occasion very Chinese and inviting to the British guests.
这种中国传统服装可使得这个场合中国味十足，对英国客人极具吸引力。
6．主语＋谓语(不及物动词)＋状语
在很多情况下，作谓语的不及物动词后需跟上状语意思才完整，状语可以是副词、介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语、状语从句等。
①I am writing to apply to be a volunteer．
我写信的目的是申请做志愿者。
②What's more, the stadium opens from 9 a．m. to 5 p．m. Monday to Friday．
另外，体育馆开放时间是周一至周五的上午9点到下午5点。
7．主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋状语
有些作谓语的及物动词，后面有宾语，但仍需要加上状语意思才更完整。
①I'm writing this email to express my gratitude to you for your help．
我写这封邮件以表达我对你帮助的感谢。
②I will spend the summer holiday in the countryside．
我将在乡下过暑假。
8．there be句型
There be句型有不同的时态，而且可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。另外，There be句型有许多固定表达，它们的适当应用对写作会大有提升。
①For example, there are so many reference books that I am often confused about how to choose.
例如，有大量的参考书，我对于如何选择经常感到困惑。
②I'm writing to inform you that there will be a Chinese paper cutting exhibition these days.
我写信的目的是要告诉你这些天将会有一场中国剪纸艺术展。
③Today is National Day.I think there should be many cars on the freeway.
今天是国庆节。我认为高速路上应该有很多车辆。
④There is no need to worry about it as the government is now making every effort to provide more jobs.
没必要担心，因为政府正在尽一切努力提供更多的工作岗位。
利用8种基本句型，结合汉语提示补全短文并背诵。
Dear Sir or Madam，
I am Li Hua from Class One, Senior Three.1．I'm writing to apply(我写信是想申请) to be one of the host families for the foreigners.
In my view, 2．the activity is of great significance(这项活动意义重大) because the students participating in it will benefit a lot.
3．There is no doubt that(毫无疑问) my family can undertake the task.To begin with, 4．my fluent English enables me to communicate with the foreign friends(我流利的英语使我能与外国朋友交流)．In addition, my house is big enough to accomodate them.5．My family will offer them the best service(我的家人会为他们提供最好的服务)．We also plan to invite them to have a taste of local snacks and hot pots.
6．I would appreciate it(我会感激) if my application is taken into consideration.
Best regards.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
二．三类常见错误
考场写作常见错误主要分为三类：词汇类错误、语法类错误和汉语式英语。
一、词汇类错误
考试时，考生很容易出现词形变化错误，而词性不清和词汇运用方面的错误主要还是受汉语的影响。其应对措施是在备考时多注意容易拼错或容易出现词形变化错误的单词，真正用心去体会英语词汇的词性和运用，对一些固定习语更不要想当然地改动。
1．词形变化错误
误：The car hitted the old man and drived away.
正：The car hit the old man and drove away.
2．词类误用错误
误：Doing a part time job can effect your studies.
正：Doing a part time job can affect your studies.
3．词汇运用错误
误：He opened the light after he entered the room.
正：He turned on the light after he entered the room.
4．擅自改动习语
误：We lost the game, but we didn't lose our heart.
正：We lost the game, but we didn't lose heart.
二、语法类错误
一个正确的句子除了用词得当外，语法也应该准确无误。如果语法不正确，再好的构思也难以正确地加以表达，语法错误的多少会直接影响作文得分档次。英语写作中语法类错误主要表现在如下几个方面：
1．时态错误
误：In the morning, we had bicycled to the suburbs to plant trees.
正：In the morning, we bicycled to the suburbs to plant trees.
2．语态错误
误：Children who raise in poor families can generally deal with problems more effectively in their adult years.
正：Children who are raised in poor families can generally deal with problems more effectively in their adult years.
3．非谓语动词使用错误
误：Comparing with others, this country pays little attention to the pollution.
正：Compared with others, this country pays little attention to the pollution.
4．主谓一致错误
误：I have a wide range of hobbies, which includes drawing, collecting stamps and so on.
正：I have a wide range of hobbies, which include drawing, collecting stamps and so on.
5．比较级使用错误
误：With the development of transportation, the world seems to be getting more and more smaller.
正：With the development of transportation, the world seems to be getting smaller and smaller.
三、汉语式英语
一般来说，英汉两种语言既有许多相似之处，又有许多不同之处。在写作时如果想当然地去写，会出现许多汉语式英语，其中主要包括如下几个方面：
1．纯汉语式思维和汉语式语序
误：At this school studying, I really very happy.
正：Studying at this school, I am really very happy.
2．句子成分残缺
误：There are many students don't support the project.
正：There are many students who don't support the project.
3．句子粘连
误：On the other hand, dogs are our best friends, bring us a lot of fun.
正：On the other hand, dogs are our best friends, which/and bring us a lot of fun.
4．搭配不当
误：Under the help of the teacher, I have made great progress in my English.
正：With the help of the teacher, I have made great progress in my English.
三．使用亮点词汇
一、使用亮点词汇的4种方法
1．“语”众不同，避免人云亦云
写作时恰当得体地使用别人可能想不到的词汇或表达，会给阅卷人耳目一新的感觉。
①I am Li Hua，a student studying in London, who is very glad to be informed of the message that there will be a Chinese painting exhibition in your local art gallery.
→I am Li Hua，a student studying in London, who is more than thrilled to be informed of the message that there will be a Chinese painting exhibition in your local art gallery.
②In order to provide the students with a wonderful match, we need to have enough training.
→In order to provide the students with a fantastic match, we need to have enough training.
③Obviously，blindly following others' advice will affect our own judgment.
→Apparently，blindly following others' advice will affect our own judgment.
2．多种表达，避免重复
写作时应尽量避免重复使用相同的词语，要用贴切多样的词语来展示自己的水平。用词不同、表达方式迥异，也是高级用法。
①Summer in these cities is hot and rainy, so take summer clothes with an umbrella with you.
→Summer in these cities is hot and rainy, so take summer clothes plus an umbrella with you.
②First of all, you should arrive on time because it is good manners to be on time in China.
→First of all, you should arrive on time because it is good manners to be punctual in China.
3．单词短语巧妙使用
一般情况下短语优先，应多使用词组、习语来代替单词，以增加文采。但有时单词比短语更生动，可以“一词传神”。
①This is a friendly game, so we should remember the principle of friendship first.
→This is a friendly game, so we should keep in mind the principle of friendship first.
②We can look at this problem in many ways.
→We can view this problem in many ways.(view比look at更有内涵)
4．用高年级学到的词汇替代低年级学到的词汇
①Firstly, this is exactly what the British visitors are expecting.
→Firstly, this is precisely what the British visitors are expecting.
②Second, I am trying my best to get the important knowledge and skills concerning my position.
→Second, I am sparing no effort to acquire the essential knowledge and skills concerning my position.
二、高分必备的24个亮点词汇
普通词汇 高级词汇 普通词汇 高级词汇
名词 chance opportunity choice alternative
idea opinion people individuals
result consequence effect influence
动词 have possess develop promote
replace substitute bear put up with
consider take into account understand make sense of
形容词 enough adequate rich abundant
difficult challenging proper appropriate
important vital/ significant interesting absorbing/ appealing
副词 finally eventually hardly barely
immediately in a flash nowadays currently
连词 so therefore and as well as
①We will try our best to develop the traditional friendship between us.
→We will try our best to promote the traditional friendship between us.
②Finally your child will leave home to lead her own life as a fully independent adult.
→Eventually your child will leave home to lead her own life as a fully independent adult.
请用亮点词汇替换下面作文中的加黑部分并背诵。
Dear Jason，
I'm very happy to hear from you and know about your beautiful home city London.Now I'd like to tell you something about my hometown Quanzhou.
Quanzhou is a beautiful place for people to live in.Its economy has been developing fast during the past ten years.New bridges and roads have been built, high rise buildings standing in many parts of the city.More and more schools and hospitals are useful for the native people.It is developing into a modern and beautiful city.But there are still some problems, such as heavy traffic in rush hours and serious air pollution, which have a bad effect on people's daily life.I think Quanzhou should develop healthily and scientifically so that we could have a better hometown in the future.
Yours，
Li Ming
[答案]　
1．very→more than　2．fast→rapidly　3．built→set up　4．More and more→An increasing number of　5．useful→available　6．Beautiful →charming　7．But→However 8．serious→severe　9．effect→ influence/impact　10．I think→In my opinion/As far as I am concerned
四．使用非谓语动词
一、运用非谓语动词转换简单句
写作时，我们可以利用非谓语动词对两个简单句进行转换，使其成为较高级的表达方式。转换时可采用两步。
第一步：写出两个简单句。
①The boys were making the most of time.
②They wanted to finish the work earlier.
第二步：保留句①，用非谓语动词改写句②。
The boys were making the most of time so as to finish the work earlier.
例1　I hear that you are recruiting some volunteers to welcome the coming foreign students.I am gladly writing to apply for this job.
→Hearing that you are recruiting some volunteers to welcome the coming foreign students, I am gladly writing to apply for this job.
例2　I am writing to invite you to attend the Chinese paper cutting art exhibition.It will be held in the art gallery from 8：00 a．m. to 5: 00 p．m. next Sunday in our city center.
→I am writing to invite you to attend the Chinese paper cutting art exhibition to be held in the art gallery from 8：00 a．m. to 5: 00 p．m. next Sunday in our city center.
二、运用非谓语动词转换复合句
用非谓语动词转换复合句比转换简单句要容易一些，因为需转换的一般是从句部分，这时只需要判断用哪种非谓语动词，再把握好时态和语态即可，所以只需两步。
8888第一步：写出一个复合句。
Since you have realized that your time is limited, you're supposed to make full use of it to work hard for your dream.
第二步：把since引导的原因状语从句转换为非谓语动词，realize与you之间为主谓关系，且表示完成，故用现在分词的完成时作状语。
Having realized that your time is limited, you're supposed to make full use of it to work hard for your dream.
例1　Since I know that you are fond of classical music, I'd like to invite you to join me in a performance.
→Knowing that you are fond of classical music, I'd like to invite you to join me in a performance.
例2　If it is carried out continuously, it will benefit all of us greatly and we are sure to make remarkable progress.
→Carried out continuously, it will benefit all of us greatly and we are sure to make remarkable progress.
三、写作中非谓语动词的常用句型
1．remain to be done有待于被……
Many questions have to be settled and much remains to be done in our educational work.
我们的教育工作中还有许多问题要解决，还有许多事情要去做。
2．连词when/while/once/unless/although ...＋doing/done
Don't reach sideways while standing on a ladder.
站在梯子上(的时候)，不要侧着身子去够东西。
3．compared with/to ...与……比较
Compared with the escaped driver, I am proud of what I did.
与逃逸的司机相比，我为所做之事感到非常自豪。
4．be said/reported/considered ...to do ...据说/报道/认为……
A bus full of passengers was reported to have gone out of control on a highway south of the city.
据报道一辆满载乘客的公共汽车在城南的一条公路上失去了控制。
5．with＋宾语＋补足语
In the end, we had a group photo taken, with cups of tea in our hands, to record the unforgettable experience.
最后，我们手中端着茶水拍了合影，记录下了这令人难忘的经历。
利用非谓语动词，结合汉语提示补全短文并背诵。
Dear Shirley，
Glad to receive your email.1．The problem mentioned in your email(你邮件中提到的问题) is common among middle school students.Don't worry about it too much.Take the following advice I give you, and you may 2．get/have your problem settled(使你的问题得到解决)．
First of all, believe in yourself.The first thing you must do is 3．(to) smile at your classmates(对你的同学微笑)．A smile speaks louder about 4．your wish to make friends(你交朋友的愿望) than any words.Your smile shows that you are friendly to them.Next 5．try talking with a student(试着和学生交谈) who is as shy as you or who shares the same interest as you.If anyone is in trouble in life or study, you should be ready to help him or her.6．Having regained your confidence(在恢复你的自信后), you can make as many friends as you can.
Yours，
Li Hua
五．使用并列句
并列句是用并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来，在这一句型中需要注意连接并列主语时，有些句型采取“就近原则”。
一、常见并列句的类型及并列连词
类型 连词
并列关系 (递进关系) and, as well as，both...and...， not only...but also...，neither...nor...
转折关系 but, yet, whereas
选择关系 or, otherwise, or else， either ...or ..., not ...but ...
因果关系 for, so, therefore, thus
对比关系 while
①Actually, I've been doing pretty well in my studies as well as in my life.
实际上，我的学习和生活一直都很顺利。
②Everyone in our society should help those in need, but it is more important to be sincere and earnest.
在我们的社会中每个人都应该帮助那些贫困者，但更重要的是真诚和认真。
③All the classmates are friendly and kind, so you don't need to worry about the difficulty.
所有的同学都非常友好和善良，因此你没必要担心有什么困难。
二、并列句的常用句型
1．both ...and ...既……又……
In the program tonight Mary will both sing and dance.
在今天晚上的节目里，玛丽又要唱歌又要跳舞。
2．either ...or ...或者……或者……；不是……就是……
If you are interested in it, you may either send an email to 12345@ or sign up in person.
如果你感兴趣，可以发送电子邮件至12345@或亲自报名。
3．neither ...nor ...既不……也不……
In autumn, it's neither too hot nor too cold.
秋天，既不太热又不太冷。
4．not only ...but also ...不仅……而且……
By doing so, I can not only share ideas with others but also learn to express myself clearly.
通过这样做，我不仅能与他人交流想法，而且还能学会清晰地表达自己。
5．not ...but ...不是……，而是……
Reading is fun，not because the writer is telling you something，but because it makes your mind work.
读书之所以有趣，不是因为作者告诉了你什么，而是因为读书促使你思考。
6....while/whereas ……而，……却
Li recommends the traditional Chinese dress while Su prefers the school uniform.
李推荐中国传统服装，而苏偏爱校服。
7．祈使句/名词词组＋and/or/otherwise＋陈述句
①Learn to understand, and you will keep away from a world full of sadness and disappointment.
学会理解，你就会从满是悲伤和失望的世界中摆脱出来。
②More healthy food, or you'll break down sooner or later.
多吃健康食品，不然你的身体迟早会垮掉。
8．had done/be doing/be about to do ...when ...刚做完某事/正做某事/正要做某事，这时……
①One day, I was walking to my school when I found an old lady lying on the street, looking very painful.
一天，我正步行去上学，这时我发现一位老太太躺在街上，看上去很痛苦。
②I was about to give up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.
我正要放弃，这时我最好的朋友鼓励我继续下去。
利用适当的并列连词补全短文并背诵。
Dear Ms.Jenkins，
I'm Li Hua.1．And I'm writing to ask you for help.I've determined to take a part time job during the summer holiday 2．for I intend to accumulate some social experience.I am quite interested in a position in a foreign funded company 3．and I have already finished my application form and résumé in English.4．However, I am not sure whether the words and grammar I use are correct and appropriate.5．So would you please help me correct the mistakes 6．and/as well as polish the application form and résumé if it is convenient for you
I'll be grateful if you can help me with that.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
六．使用三大从句
一、润色添彩的定语从句
定语从句能够比较清楚地反映出考生对于语言较高的掌握能力，所以建议考生一定要在写作中至少使用一个恰到好处的定语从句。
①I'm a Chinese student who is taking a summer course in London now.
我是一名中国的学生，暑期正在伦敦学习。
②As we all know, China has a growing influence on today's world.
众所周知，中国对当今世界的影响越来越大。
③The film is mainly related to the development of our school，which will greatly help us students know the school's history better and appeal to us to make contributions to our school's development.
这部影片主要与我们学校的发展有关联，它不仅很大程度上帮助我们学生更好地了解学校的历史，也呼吁我们为学校的发展做出贡献。
在写作中如果我们可以把两个简单句合并为一个含有定语从句的复合句，就是从低级到高级表达的转换。
①I'm glad to learn that you want a student volunteer.I am quite interested in it.
→I'm glad to learn that you want a student volunteer, which I am quite interested in.
②During holiday seasons, I will live in the countryside.In the countryside，the air is fresh and people are friendly.
→During holiday seasons, I will live in the countryside where the air is fresh and people are friendly.
二、丰富多样的名词性从句
名词性从句是写作中常见的高级表达方式。
①I'm glad to learn that your gallery will host a Chinese painting exhibition.
我非常高兴地得知你们的美术馆将举办一个中国画画展。
②Besides, what you told me about your country broadened my horizons and aroused my interest in foreign cultures.
另外，你和我讲述的关于你们国家的情况会扩宽我的视野，唤起我对外国文化的兴趣。
③To practice as much as possible is where the secret lies.
尽可能多地练习就是秘密之所在。
④I hold the opinion that we should go to help them (to) overcome the present difficulty.
我认为，我们应该去帮助他们克服目前的困难。
在写作中我们如果能够把两个简单句合并为一个含有名词性从句的复合句，对写作是一种质的升华。
① He said a lot at the meeting.His words were very attractive.
→What he said at the meeting was very attractive.
②Our women volleyball team had won the championship.The news encouraged us all greatly.
→The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.
三、条理分明的状语从句
状语从句主要包括时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、比较、方式、目的和结果等九类从句。在英语写作中，状语从句是经常用到的句型，它的灵活运用使作文更具吸引力。
①If it is convenient for you, I'll meet you at the entrance of the music hall at 7：00 that evening.
如果你方便的话，那天晚上7点我会在音乐厅的门口与你会面。
②Now that you are asking for my opinion about what we want to listen to most，I feel much honored to make my voice heard.
既然你对于我们最想听什么来征求我的意见，我感觉非常荣幸来发表一下我的看法。
③Most importantly, the elderly are usually the first to taste the food served on the table because they are well respected in China.
最重要的是，通常老年人是第一个品尝桌上饭菜的人，因为在中国老年人非常受尊重。
④When it comes to the favorite season, spring will always occur to me in no time.
当谈到最喜欢的季节时，我总是会立即想到春天。
利用三大从句，结合汉语提示补全短文并背诵。
Dear David,
I'm writing to express my gratitude to you for your invitation to your birthday party last week，1．which brought me lots of entertainment(它给我带来了很多快乐)．
During the party，2．what impressed me most(使我印象最深的) was your happy family.Both your parents were very hospitable to me.I really enjoyed myself 3．because I did feel at home(因为我感到非常轻松自在)．The dessert and other snacks 4．(that/which) you offered us(你们提供给我们的) were tasty.In addition, the light music and candle light created a nice and warm atmosphere，5．in which I was able to open my heart to your other friends(在这种氛围中，我能够向你的其他朋友敞开心扉)．
Thanks again for your dinner.I am sure 6．(that) the unforgettable experience will be stored forever in my memory(这次难忘的经历会永远留在我的记忆中)．
Yours，
Li Hua
七．使用特殊句式
一、重点突出的强调句型
强调句型可强调除谓语动词外的其他成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。它的灵活运用不仅有助于增强表达效果，突出要强调的重点，更能彰显考生对英语表达的把握能力。其基本结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他。
①It is not only your enthusiasm but also your good teamwork and spirits that impress us.
不仅是你们的热情，而且是你们良好的团队合作和精神面貌给我们留下了深刻的印象。
②It is not the story itself but what is reflected in the story that counts.
重要的并不是故事本身而是它所反映出来的东西。
在写作中，我们可以通过强调句型将句子提高到一个高的层次。
①The teacher's praise contributes to my success.
→It is the teacher's praise that contributes to my success.
②They didn't realize the importance of environmental protection until all the fish in the river died out.
→It was not until all the fish in the river died out that they realized the importance of environmental protection.
二、平衡句子的倒装句型
在写作中倒装句应用比较广泛，涉及的句型也比较多，包括部分倒装和全部倒装。
1．“only＋状语”置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
Only in this way can we students study happily and effectively.
我们学生只有以这种方式才能愉快、有效地学习。
2．none, neither, nor, not, never, hardly, little, seldom等否定词，以及由no构成的否定短语如at no time, by no means等置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
Not only does it affect our daily life, but it also puts people's lives at risk.
它不仅影响我们的日常生活，而且还使人们的生活处于危险之中。
3．as表示“尽管……”时，所在的句子用部分倒装。
Child as he is，he knows a lot about astronomy.
虽然他只是个孩子，但他知道很多天文学知识。
4．在so/such ...that ...结构中，当so/such ...位于句首时，其后的句子用全部倒装。
So excited was I that I couldn't wait to try putting them on.
我太激动了，迫不及待地想穿上它们。
5．here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, on the wall, in the room等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词而不是代词时，句子用全部倒装。
In that picture, around the table with three books on it sit three students.
在图画中，三个学生坐在桌子周围，桌上有三本书。
在写作中，我们可以通过倒装让句子更高级。
①We can help to construct an energy saving society only with joint efforts.
→Only with joint efforts can we help to construct an energy saving society.
② We don't know its value until we lose health.
→Not until we lose health do we know its value.
三、避免头重脚轻的it句式
1．it作形式主语
在英语中，为了避免头重脚轻，经常运用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语后置，作真正主语的常为不定式或从句，有时也可用动名词。灵活地运用it句型可使文章更高级，结构更紧凑。
①Isn't it a good idea for you to register to show your talent
对你来说报名参赛以展示才能岂不是个好主意？
②It is true that a smartphone plays an important role in our daily life.
真的，智能手机在我们的日常生活中扮演着重要的角色。
③It is no use trying to persuade him to change his mind; he is too stubborn.
劝他改变主意是没用的；他太固执了。
2．it作形式宾语及其他
it除了可以作形式主语外，作形式宾语和在一些常见句型中的应用都可以提升文章的档次，使文章更高级。
①I think it great fun to learn with you the poems written in the Tang Dynasty.
我认为与你一块学习唐诗非常有趣。
②I would appreciate it if you could agree to my request.
如果你能同意我的请求我将不胜感激。
③Listening and speaking is where my weakness lies when it comes to English.
当谈及英语时，听和说是我的弱项之所在。
利用强调句型、倒装句或it句式，结合汉语提示补全短文并背诵。
1．When it came to my hometown(当谈到我的家乡时), I always felt the warmth of it.There used to be a river to the south of my village, in which fish were swimming around happily.2．It was the river that(正是这条河) gave me a lot of wonderful memories.
But 3．it is a great pity that(真遗憾) all these good things are gone.4．Not only are there no fish left in the river(不仅河中没有了鱼) but also it gives off a terrible smell.5．It is a chemical factory nearby that(是附近的一家化工厂)is to blame.I think the government should take measures to stop the pollution.Only when we have blue sky and clean water 6．can we live a happy life(我们才能过上幸福的生活)．
八．添加合理的细节
1．列举具体的实例进行补充说明
①我要花一些时间和父母在一起。
I'll spend some time staying with my parents.
→I'll spend some time staying with my parents, chatting with them besides doing some housework.
②我看到了一些不良行为。
I found some bad behaviour.
→I found some bad behaviour. Some people scribbled on the wall; some played on the lawn and some threw rubbish everywhere.
③我是一个充满活力的健康男孩，我非常喜欢体育运动。
I am a healthy boy full of energy and I like sports very much.
→I am a healthy boy full of energy and I like sports very much. Whenever I have time, I'll go hiking with my classmates.
2．增添相关的神态、动作、心理描写以及背景渲染等内容
①过去我有时去村西的小河里游泳。
I went swimming in the river to the west of the village now and then.
→Weather permitting, I went swimming in the river to the west of the village now and then, in which the water was very clear.
②旅行了一周后，他回到了家。
After a week's trip, he returned home.
→After a week's trip, he returned home, tired but happy.
3．增添相关的原因、结果、条件、让步、手段、目的等内容
①我需要好好休息，我要做些阅读。
I need a good rest. I'll do some reading.
→I need a good rest because I do feel tired after the hard work of all these years. I'll do some reading for fun, as well as for knowledge.
②慈善拍卖会募集的钱将送给急需的人。
The money collected at the charity sale will be sent to those in great need.
→The money collected at the charity sale will be sent to those in great need. This will not only help them out of difficulties, but also give them warmth and happiness.
③演讲时要面带微笑。要讲慢些，讲清楚。
You should wear a smile when you make a speech. Besides, remember to speak slowly and clearly.
→You should wear a smile when you make a speech, which will make you relaxed. Besides, remember to speak slowly and clearly so that you can leave a good impression on the audience and judges.
4．结尾适当发挥，写出个人感受、评价、愿望、倡议等
①Although I was very tired during this summer holidays, I felt very happy for what I did.(个人感受)
尽管我这个暑假很累，但是我为我做的感到高兴。
②I think such activities are necessary and meaningful.(评价)
我认为这样的活动很有必要也很有意义。
③I sincerely hope my advice can be helpful to you and that you can enjoy your new school life. (愿望)
我衷心希望我的建议能够对你有所帮助，你能够享受你在新学校的生活。
④As students, it's our duty to protect our school environment.(倡议)
作为学生，保护我们的校园环境是我们的职责。
根据汉语提示，给短文增添合理恰当的细节。
Dear Peter，
In your letter you asked how to win the favor of Chinese universities. I think there are three main aspects to be considered.
Firstly, mastering Chinese is a basic need to live in China. 1．With this ability, you can communicate with native speakers easily and have access to many resources(有了这种能力，你与当地人交流就会很容易，而且还可以获得很多资源). Besides, it is important to adapt to the new environment quickly. 2．The sooner you get used to it, the more beneficial it will become to you(你熟悉新环境越早，好处就越多). Finally, personal interests and hobbies are also highly valued. 3．You are supposed to choose a major that you like(你应该选择一个你喜欢的专业).
With all the strengths I mentioned above, 4．I believe you can overcome all the difficulties and make great progress in China(我相信在中国你能够克服所有困难，取得大的进步)．
Best wishes.
Yours,
Li Hua
九．运用恰当的衔接
1．表示起始关系的过渡性词语
above all, to begin/start with, recently, nowadays, according to, with the development of ...等。
First of all, thank you for helping me learn English.
首先，谢谢你帮我学习英语。
2．表示时间顺序的过渡性词语
firstly, first of all, then, later, in the end, finally, at last, after that, afterwards, since then, meanwhile等。
After that, you can go to Shanghai, where you can stay for a week.
然后，你可以去上海，并在那里待上一周。
3．表示并列关系的过渡性词语
and, or, as well as, not only... but also..., either... or..., neither ... nor ..., not ... but ...等。
She finally earned their respect, and became confident as well as well behaved.
她最后赢得了他们的尊重，变得自信和乖巧。
4．表示转折关系的过渡性词语
but, yet, however, while, otherwise, on the contrary, in spite of, regardless of等。
However, the film market may witness a slowdown in the near future.
然而，电影市场的发展在不久的将来可能会放缓。
5．表示因果关系的过渡性词语
because, as, since, for, thanks to, due to, as a result of, so, therefore, as a result/consequence等。
Therefore, it would be great if you could join my team and show your talent.
因此，如果你能够加入我的团队并展示你的才能就再好不过了。
6．表示递进关系的过渡性词语
besides, in addition, additionally, what's more, furthermore, moreover, what's worse, still less, to make matters worse, worse still, on the one hand ... on the other hand..., for one thing ... for another ...等。
Additionally, I'm eager to learn how to appreciate western paintings, and it would be great if you could tell us some tricks about how to paint.
另外，我非常想学习如何欣赏西方绘画，如果你能告诉我们一些如何绘画的技巧，就再好不过了。
7．表示列举事实的过渡性词语
such as, for example/instance, take... for example, that is to say, as follows, in other words等。
I'll engage in various sports, such as swimming, running and ball games.
我将参加各种运动，如游泳、跑步和球类运动。
8．表示观点的过渡性词语
in my opinion, in my view, from my point of view, as far as I am concerned, as for me, personally等。
Personally, I'd like to learn western painting skills.
就个人而言，我想学习西方绘画技巧。
9．表示总结的过渡性词语
in short, in brief, in conclusion, in a/one word, to sum up, all in all, on the whole, in general, generally speaking等。
All in all, travelling is the best choice if you want to recharge yourself and get ready for new challenges.
总的来说，旅游是充实自己、准备迎接新的挑战的最佳选择。
阅读下面短文，选择适当的过渡词或短语填空。
above all, recently, besides, meanwhile, for one thing, for another, in a word
1．Recently, students' lack of self protection consciousness has become a public concern.
We students generally lack social experience and therefore learning how to protect ourselves is of great significance. 2．For one thing, security comes first. Without security, we can achieve nothing and fail to live up to our parents' expectations. 3．For another, protecting ourselves contributes to the healthy development of us students, which is associated with the happiness of every family. 4．Meanwhile, it also helps to build a more harmonious society.
5．Above all, we should raise our security awareness. 6．Besides, when accidents occur, we should calm down and turn to our teachers or parents for help. The government also plays a leading role in protecting students. 7．In a word, only by the combined efforts of every side involved can we live and study in harmony.
随堂练习
2021新高考1卷
你校英文报Youth正在庆祝创刊十周年。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1. 读报的经历；2. 喜爱的栏目；3. 期望和祝福。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式写字答题卡的相应位置作答。
Youth and Me
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Youth and Me
It has been 10 years since Youth was founded. In my memory, it is Youth that accompanies me through my whole high school. When feeling depressed, I often choose to enjoy the novel part which includes a lot of imaginative stories. These stories can relieve my stress and broaden my horizon. Besides, I even submitted my own fiction to Youth. Refused as I was, I still received some great encouragement, which gives me confidence to be a writer.
I do expect Youth can publish more classic works and have a promising future.
二
假设你是李华，请写封邮件给美国的笔友Jack，讲述学校于上周五上午在操场举办的每年一度的以“感恩、责任、成长、梦想”为主题的成人礼（coming-of-age ceremony）。邮件内容主要包括：
1. 成人礼概况；
2. 你的感受；
3. 询问美国的成人礼情况。
注意：1. 可以适当增加细节，使结构完整。 2. 词数100左右。
Dear Jack,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Lihua
【答案】Dear Jack,
How is everything going So excited am I to tell you about the annual Coming-of-age Ceremony held in our school last Friday morning.
It lasted for two hours from 9 to 11 o’clock in our school stadium. With the theme represented as “gratitude, responsibility, growth and dream”, it had invited both our parents and teachers, to whom we sincerely expressed our gratitude during the ceremony. Following that, we conveyed our determination to be a better self in the future, to fully shoulder our responsibility for both our family and society and to spare no effort to make our dreams come true. Every student was excited and emotional not only because of the adulthood itself, but because of what it gives to us — more independence, more courage, bigger dreams and fuller responsibility.
Do you have an annual coming-of-age ceremony or something similar If so, could you tell me something about it Thank you.
Yours,
Li Hua

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