资源简介

阅读理解之推理判断题解题技巧
一、题型特点要知晓
(一)推理判断题题干常用词
一般来说，推理判断题题干中主要包括下面的词语：know about, learn from, infer, imply, suggest, conclude, purpose, attitude, probably, most likely等。
(二)推理判断题正确选项特征
推理判断题中的正确选项是依据文章的事实或证据推断出的符合逻辑的结论或观点，正确选项一般具有以下特征：
1．“立足原文，只推一步”，即根据原文内容，一步即可推得。
2．选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念。如only, never, all, absolutely等，正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，会用一些相对能够留有一些余地的词汇，如often, usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly, probably等。
(三)推理判断题干扰选项特征
1．曲解文意：即推测意义与文章表层意义有区别。推理判断题中有些选项来自文章中的某一句或某几句话，命题者可能会利用里面的词设计出干扰项，看似表达文章的意思，其实是借题发挥，是对原文意思的曲解。
2．张冠李戴：即把文章中作者的观点与其他人的观点混淆在一起。题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是其他人的观点；题干问的是其他人的观点，选项中却出现了作者的观点。
3．偷梁换柱：干扰项用了与文章中某一句话相似的句型结构和单词，却在考生易忽视的地方换了几个单词，造成句意的改变。
4．无中生有：这种类型的干扰项往往是基本的生活常识或普遍认可的观点，但在文章中并无相关的信息支撑点。其次，这种干扰项也有可能与设置的问题毫不相干。
5．鱼目混珠：鱼目混珠类型的干扰项常出现在词句理解类试题的选项中，即利用某个词或句子的字面含义代替其在文章特定语境中的具体含义。
6．扩缩范围：为了准确、严密地表达文章内容，命题者特别注意对文意范围的限定，有时通过加上almost, all, nearly, more than, normally, usually等词语对文意加以限制。“扩缩范围”干扰法就是在选项中通过改变或去掉限制性词语，将信息的范围、程度、感彩等改变，从而给考生解题造成干扰的命题方法。
二、方法技巧要用好
根据所提供的事实和证据得出结论
1．判定信息源的要素——题干特征
这类题型的常见提问方式是：
By mentioning ..., the author indicates that ________.
The story/example in the second paragraph is meant to ________.
What can we learn from the ... study
What is most likely to ...
What can we infer about ...
The first two paragraphs suggest that ________.
Which of the following statements does the passage support
What does the author think of ...
How would the author feel about ...
What is special about ...
2．信息源在不同文体中的查找比对方法
这类题型类似于细节理解题，需要考生根据题干的关键词定位到文中相关的事实或者作者提供的证据，理解其含义并得出结论。这类题型的提问方式并不固定，在不同的文体中会有不同的体现，但是通常题干中会提到相关的事例、情节等，解题时应根据题干的提示确定答题方向。
议论文 关注所举事例的段落的主题句，因为作者举例是为了证明观点，所以寻找主题句就是解题关键。
说明文 关注文中关于说明对象的关键信息，有时候信息不一定在某一段出现，可能出现在不同的段落，需要细心查找，再进行组合，综合考虑得出结论。
科技说明文 通常是考查对文中某个调查、实验、例子或数据的理解，根据题干中的信息定位到文中相关信息，读懂调查或实验的目的和结果非常关键。
记叙文 大多会涉及事情的结局、某种情况的原因等，解题的关键是读懂故事情节，理清事情发展态势，关注细节。
做这类题目时，容易用自己的理解和观点替代文章的真正含义和作者的观点，或者由文中其他事实和证据得出结论，并非由题干相关的证据所得，因此，解题时一定要认真分析题干信息，着眼文章，准确定位。
例子1
We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style. That's bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.
…
32．What does the author think of new devices
A．They are environment friendly.
B．They are no better than the old.
C．They cost more to use at home.
D．They go out of style quickly.
[解题示范]
题干信息 What does the author think of：作者态度
new devices：新设备
文体特点 科技说明文：一项研究新旧设备耗能的报告。
原文查找 That's bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.
信息整合 ①做同样的事情旧设备耗能高(consume much more energy)
②旧设备不利于环境保护(bad news for the environment)
③旧设备更浪费钱财(our wallets)
信息推断 上面旧设备的缺点是在和新设备相比较(than the newer ones)得出的结论，故新设备可以克服以上缺点。
选项分析 A．新设备是环保的(They are environment friendly)；属于正确信息推断。
B．新设备并不比旧设备好(They are no better than the old)；属于“无中生有”型错误。
C．新设备在家中使用的费用更高(They cost more to use at home)；属于“无中生有”型错误。
D．新设备很快就过时了(They go out of style quickly)；属于“曲解文意”型错误。
得出结论 由以上信息分析可知，A项正确。
对语段的深层含义进行推理判断
1．据题干特点初步断定推理类型
对语段的深层含义推断能力的考查常常结合文中的细节进行设问，提问方式主要有：
It can be inferred from the text that ________.
According to ..., we can infer that ________.
From the text we can learn/conclude that ________.
What can we learn from the last paragraph
这类题干常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude, learn等关键词，干扰项的设置通常是文中直接用于说明细节的信息，无关紧要或片面推出的结论，与文章内容完全相反的结论，或是不合常理、不合逻辑的结论等。考生在做此类题目时，很容易误选说明直接信息的选项或片面结论项，一般是因为未能做出正确推断或未能把握文章深层含义所致。
深层推断5注意
(1)严格按照阅读材料中所提供的信息进行推断，切忌掺杂自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。
(2)有些选项中的内容是阅读材料的简单重复，而非推断出来的结论。
(3)注意文中的虚拟语气和情态动词，这些往往能流露出作者的弦外之音。
(4)有时作者只是客观地叙述事实，并未做评论，考生阅读时如果主观地进行推断就容易出错。如文中提到一样东西贵，并不意味着就买不起。
(5)某些细节看似在原文中出现过，但与原文不符，或断章取义，或因果倒置等。
例子2
We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.
…
32．What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph
A．Addiction to smartphones.
B．Inappropriate behaviours in public places.
C．Absence of communication between strangers.
D．Impatience with slow service.
[解题示范]
细研题干定题型 由题干可知本题是对文章局部(第一段)进行深层理解的考查。
细读语段明大意 地点 公共场合：①电梯中；②在银行排队中；③飞机上
人物 ①专注地盯着自己的手机；②苦苦挣扎于令人不自在的沉默中
甄别选项定答案 细研干扰项 A项为原文中的事实，不是推断出的内容。
B项，文中提及的这些行为是否“合适”原文中没有提及，属于“无中生有”型错误。
D项在原文中没有提及，属于“无中生有”型错误。
断定 答案 该段提到在公共场合中，周围都是人的情况下，人们只是专注地盯着自己的手机，或者苦苦挣扎于令人不自在的沉默中，从中可以推断出文章首段描述了陌生人之间缺少交流的现象。故选择C项。
对语段的言外之意进行推理判断
1．“言外之意”题的三种提问方式
有时作者使用某些字、词、句，不是要表达字面意思，而是有深层意义，即通常所说的“言外之意”。阅读理解常涉及这一类题型，提问方式有：
When the writer talks about ..., what he/she really means is ________.
By “...”， the writer suggests that ________.
What does the underlined sentence “...” in Paragraph ... indicate
“言外之意”常用来表达作者对事情的看法和态度，作者的措辞表达的并不是字面上的意思，想要表达的可能是另外一层、甚至相反的意思。这类题目常用于考查对夹叙夹议类文章的理解。
2．“言外之意”题的两种题型
第一种题型类似于词义猜测题，题干会明确指出文中的某句话或某段文字，问作者通过这些语句想表达什么。这种题型一定要关注这部分的上下文，根据上下文理解其含义。
第二种题型常常是考查作者对某个事件的态度和想法，这种题型一定要关注作者叙述时的口吻。①有时作者描述自己某种并不愉快但又搞笑的经历来娱乐读者，是一种自嘲；②有时作者以貌似调侃的口吻描述对某种社会现象进行抨击；③有时作者描述某个或几个事件表达自己的情感，可能是不满、讽刺或感激等。
这两种题型，解题的关键都是要把握文章主旨，正确选项一定是与文章主旨紧密相关的。
例子3
[1] I began reading words when I was eight months old. By the time I was two, I had read Charlotte's Web. My parents thought it was odd, but because I didn't have any siblings for them to compare me with, they didn't realize just how odd.
[2] At pre school in Northport, New York, I quickly overtook everyone. At seven, I was going into high school for my classes but still doing all my social activities with kids my age. But when I was nine, the public school administration said that I had to go to high school full time with 16 year olds. I didn't want to, because some kids there were always teasing me. It was pretty horrible when they called me a know it all and tried to grab my homework.
[3] My parents tried to find me another school but, in the end, because I was so advanced, the only place that was on the same level as me was State University of New York at Stony Brook.
[4] The admissions people said that if I thought I could manage I could have a place, as long as my mother accompanied me to classes.
[5] So, aged 10, I started an undergraduate degree in applied mathematics. I was frightened on my first day, but I was also excited that I was going to attend my first real physics class. Most of the teachers were nice but one or two didn't like me. One professor said that just because I did as well as the other male students, it didn't mean I was as good as them. But the students were supportive and my parents always made sure that I had a group of friends of my own age; they didn't want me to be a social misfit.
[6] I graduated summa cum laude (with the highest honor) when I was 14 — the youngest student ever to do so in the US.
[7] I was a perfectionist; I don't think I would have settled for less than that. I went on to Drexel University and, at 17, I was awarded a Master's and continued to study for a PhD.
[8] But_that_was_when_I_grew_disillusioned_with_the_science_world. I saw bad conduct and realised that some professors weren't motivated by a love of science. I fell out with the adviser who was supervising my PhD. I charged Drexel University in a civil lawsuit and the case has now gone into private, binding arbitration (仲裁)．
[9] I believe my adviser applied for grants and patents using my ideas, and took credit for them. He denies this and has accused me of stealing his work. Even though the university has cleared me of plagiarism (剽窃) it has still refused to award me my PhD.
[10] At the time I was fully expecting to receive my PhD, I applied for a post teaching advanced technology fusion at Konkuk University in Seoul. When I was appointed, I was just under 19, so I made it into Guinness World Records.
[11] In South Korea, I was treated as a minor celebrity. People stared at me wherever I went on campus, and I was asked to give inspirational talks to teenagers. But I didn't renew my contract: I'd had a great year, but I wanted to come home.
[12] I still don't have my PhD and I am angry and disappointed about that. I worked so hard all my life and my research ended up going nowhere.
[13] There's always hope, but the experience at Drexel has derailed me. If a university gave me a place to complete my studies, I would take it. But I am someone who is suing her former university, so a lot of colleges are afraid to touch me.
[14] For now, I'm enrolled in law school and training to be a lawyer. I want to combine legal and science knowledge so that I can protect people's research rights.
[15] It's strange being back at school: I'm 21 years old and for the first time in my life, I'm the same age as the other students.
1．The underlined sentence “But that was when I grew disillusioned with the science world.” suggests that the author ________.
A．felt disappointed with what some scientists do
B．grew old enough to be a scientist
C．was treated as a real scientist
D．became motivated by a love of science
[解题示范]
细研题干定题型 由题干可知，该题属于第一种题型，类似词义猜测题。
通读全文定基调
细读出处推答案 读画线部分的上下文，尤其是下文中“I saw bad conduct ...binding arbitration (仲裁)．”提到她发现学校里不好的做法，意识到有些教授不是出于对科学的热爱，所以感到失望，故选A项。
2．How does the writer feel when she was writing this passage
A．Proud and frustrated.
B．Excited and angry.
C．Calm and satisfied.
D．Excited and disappointed.
[解题示范]
细研题干定题型 由题干可知，该题属于第二种题型，需要通过作者的描述和措词来推断作者态度。
关注细节 1.关注几个年龄段 2.关注第六段“highest”和“youngest”→再次凸显自豪之情 3.关注第八段中作者的挫折→开始失望 4.关注第十二段中作者因未拿到博士学位而“angry”和“disappointed”→遭遇不顺利 5.关注第十五段用词，“21岁”又和“同龄人”一起学法律→无奈→挫败感
确定答案 由以上可看出作者在字里行间对自己天赋的一种肯定和自豪，同时也有着一连串的挫折和无奈，故选A项。
对文段的背景进行推理判断
1．三种提问方式
文章的写作背景是指所描述的事件发生的背景等，如文章的出处、事件发生的特定环境或原因等。这类题目要求能根据文中关键细节和细节之间的逻辑关系对相关背景进行推理判断，常见的三种提问方式有：
In which section of the newspaper would you most probably find this passage
The ... above is probably provided by ...
From which is the text probably taken
2．解题关键
这类题目常以文章出处为命题方式，要求通过阅读文章内容来推断文章的写作背景。理解文章的写作目的、作者的措辞、语气和文章所涉及的具体内容等是这类题的解题关键。以环保类文章为例：
(1)如果作者的目的是呼吁人们保护环境，措词比较主观，而语气以激励吸引为主，这样的文章往往会出现在报纸上，也许会是某个环保活动的广告；
(2)如果是为了说明某个方面存在的问题，措辞比较严谨客观，语调较严肃，那么文章很可能出现在比较正式的媒体上，很可能出现在关于社会问题的版块上；
(3)如果是为了告诉读者有关新发现，在文中提到了调查研究及其结果，则文章很可能出现在报纸或杂志的科学发现版块上。
[注意]　一定要关注文章的措词、语气和写作目的，仅关注文章大意是不够的。
例子4
[1]Many of us love July because it's the month when nature's berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbia's fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.
[2]Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares However, they are rich in vitamin C.
[3]When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.
[4]If you have a_juicer,_you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children's party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.
27．From which is the text probably taken
A．A biology textbook.　 B．A health magazine.
C．A research paper. D．A travel brochure.
[解题示范]
细研题干定题型 文章出处题。
文章内容 本文介绍了丰收的七月给我们带来的多种浆果和核果，并告诉我们这些果实富含的营养成分和可以制作成各种美食。
文章语气 第一段介绍了七月是水果丰富的季节；第二段介绍了各种莓类所含的营养成分；第三、四段介绍各种水果搭配的食用方法。在这一过程中作者使用了客观的语气，通俗易懂的方法，形象地说明了水果搭配的技巧。
确定答案 本文是向大众介绍饮食方法，跟健康有关，应该出自健康杂志。所以B项正确。
三、系统归纳谨记牢
推理判断题除因题型不同，解题方法稍有不同外，其推理判断的原则是一致的，那就是依据原文，合理推断、适度推断，而不是妄加推断、过度推断。无论何种类型推断题，其推断的出发点是一致的，均应该掌握以下技巧和防范以下错误。
[推断6技巧]
技巧1　理解通篇大意，把握写作意图
做推理判断题时，考生应对整篇文章有完整、准确的理解，从总体上把握文章的主题，善于抓住文中的关键词或关键句子。对文章的引申含义进行分析，整合与题目相关的信息，综合起来去把握写作意图，确定最佳结论。
技巧2　关注特定措辞，推断作者态度
作者的态度、倾向是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不定，对记叙或描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨、反对、批评、怀疑、悲观、客观、中立。作者的这种思想倾向和感彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感彩的形容词。
技巧3　利用语境褒贬，进行逻辑推断
几乎每篇文章的语境都有一定的褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了故事人物的特定心理、情绪状态及作者的写作意图。因此，考生阅读文章时一定要找出反映语境褒贬性的标志性词汇或句子，掌握文章主旨大意，了解人物的心理特点及发展变化，从而正确地进行逻辑推断。
技巧4　抓住有效信息，逆向或正向推理
逆向推理的推理方式和正向推理相反，它是由结论出发，去验证结论的正确性并寻找论据。做此类命题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理和判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
技巧5　结合已知常识，进行逻辑推理
阅读理解命题通常源于材料，略高于材料，但一般不会离开所给材料。但有时，命题者会巧妙地把人们所知的常识融入命题。如果考生忽略了常识或不知道这一常识，这样的命题就很难处理。
技巧6　根据文章体裁和内容推断文章出处
判断文章出处的题目应从文章的体裁和内容来着手。一般来说，报纸上的新闻前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称等；广告类文章因其格式特殊，容易辨认；产品说明类文章，如器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式；药品有服用时间、次数、药量等；来自网络的文章一般比较新颖、时效性强。
[谨防4失误]
解答推理判断题一定要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，即立足已知，推断未知，不能主观臆想，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。推理判断题难度大，主要在于它的干扰项极具迷惑性，极易转移考生视线，使他们掉入陷阱。考生常出现的典型错误有：
张冠李戴 命题人把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，粗心的考生往往会不知不觉地中了圈套。
以偏概全 考生做题往往忽略了文章的主体，把注意力过度集中在某一点，最终得出“以偏概全”的结论。
浮于表面 每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的，或是向读者传递某个信息，或是娱乐读者，或是阐述某个观点。这些信息通常以叙述的形式展现出来，作者并不发表自己的观点，因此主题往往比较含蓄。但是许多考生会分不清现象与本质，把现象等同于作者的意图。
推己及人 很多时候作者的态度倾向一般不会明确表明，往往隐含其中。考生易脱离原文而进行主观臆断，用自己的观点代替作者的观点。
一
2021新高考1卷
By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova — not as a musician but as her page turner. “I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.”
Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group’s official page turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.” Mr Titterton explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.
But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. “I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,” Mr Titterton said, “Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back.”
Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.
“My husband is the worst page turner,” she laughed. “He’s interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: ‘Turn, turn!’ “Robert is the best page turner I’ve had in my entire life.”
24. What should Titterton be able to do to be a page turner
A. Read music. B. Play the piano.
C. Sing songs. D. Fix the instruments.
25. Which of the following best describes Titterton’s job on stage
A. Boring. B. Well-paid.
C. Demanding. D. Dangerous.
26. What does Titterton need to practise
A. Counting the pages. B. Recognizing the “nodding”.
C. Catching falling objects. D. Performing in his own style.
27. Why is Ms Raspopova’s husband “the worse page turner”
A. He has very poor eyesight. B. He ignores the audience.
C. He has no interest in music. D. He forgets to do his job.
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了为钢琴演奏者做翻页工作的Robert Titterton和他的工作情况。
24【答案】A细节理解题。根据第一段“I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.(我不是受过训练的音乐家，但我学会了识谱，这样我就可以在Maria的表演中帮助她)”可知，Titterton因为识谱，所以可以在Maria的钢琴表演中为她翻页。故选A项。
25【答案】C推理判断题。根据第三段“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.(这项工作需要很多技能。你必须确保你不会一次翻两页并且必要的时候确保你回到前面找到音乐重复的部分)”可知，为钢琴家翻页这项工作很需要技巧。由此推知，Titterton的工作要求是很高的。故选C项。
26【答案】B细节理解题。根据第四段“Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.(无声的舞台交流是关键，每个钢琴家都有自己的“点头”风格来表示翻页，他们需要和翻页者进行练习)”可知，Titterton需要和钢琴演奏者练习识别他们的“点头”示意来翻页。故选B项。
27【答案】D细节理解题。根据最后一段“He’s interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: ‘Turn, turn!’(他对音乐很感兴趣，感受着每一个音符，所以我不得不说：“翻页，翻页！”)”可知，Ms Raspopova的丈夫因为对音乐感兴趣，所以帮她翻页的时候总是沉浸在音乐中而忘掉自己的工作，她不得不去提醒。故选D项。
二
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence
A. It can be measured by an IQ test. B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills. D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant.
C Doubtful. D. Unclear.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了情商的定义以及对有关于情商未来研究的期望。
32【答案】D细节理解题。通过文章第一段“Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities (研究表明，情商技巧可能有助于这些品质的形成)”可知，情商指的并不是一个人的积极品质。故选D项。
33【答案】B推理判断题。通过文章第二段“The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. (医生可能利用这种准确理解他人感受的能力来找到最好的帮助病人的方法，而骗子可能利用这种能力来控制潜在的受害者)”可推知，作者在文章第二段中提到“医生”和“骗子”是举例子来阐明下文的观点——情商高并不一定能使一个人成为有道德的人。故选B项。
34【答案】A推理判断题。通过文章第三段“the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. …The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers (宣传的总体效果一直是利大于弊。这种普及最积极的方面是雇主、教育者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人对情感进行了新的、迫切需要的强调。情商的普及帮助了公众和研究人员)”可推知，作者认为情商普及是对人们有利的。故选A项。
35【答案】B推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives from which to study how people manage their lives. (我们希望这种关注将激发人们对情感科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新的视角)”可推知，本段主要谈了对未来关于情商研究的期望。故选B项。
三
When I was 13 years old, I went on a 735-mile cycling trip with my brother and father. We were all keen cyclists and I can say I felt like I was born on a bike. My father was a professional cyclist, and wanted to show us, his twin sons, the work of the trade and bond with us.
The trip was across the San Juan Islands and then Vancouver Island. We prepared for the journey by going on smaller rides and practiced cycling with panniers (货筐). Adjusting to the weight on the bike was harder than I thought. When we set out for the trip, I knew that I yearned to have an adventure and wanted to see the beautiful sights of mountains, bears, moose, deer, forests, and much more.
One night, after perhaps a week into the trip, we were on our last legs(路程)getting to a campsite, and going down a large hill. It was raining moderately and we were coasting down the hill in eager delight to take a rest from going up a mountain with all of our gear and sore legs.
Suddenly, my brother’s front tire slipped in the rain, and he slid into the middle of the road. My father and I stopped, asking if he was okay. Apparently, he was not hurt too much, but his leg was caught up in the bike frame. From the top of the hill, we saw the light of a car coming. My father and I looked on in shock. Chris could not seem to get out of the entrapment of his bike, and now the car was blasting its way. This all happened within seconds.
Instinctively, I rushed out in front of my brother in the middle of the road, and waved my hands frantically. The car rushed forward, but swerved to the left to go around my brother and I. My brother was saved from being crushed by the car.
My brother says I was incredibly brave, but I think we do what we know is right. I believe that one should listen to one’s gut in times of peril, and not intellectualize dilemmas. If I had thought about what I was doing on that night, my brother might have been robbed from this world. Life and death often swing in the balance between what seems natural and rational.
24. What does Dad expect from the cycling trip
A. To spend time with his sons.
B. To instruct his sons how to cycle.
C To show off his professional skills.
D. To explore the adventures in the mountain.
25. The possible reason for the accident is that________.
A. It rained cats and dogs.
B. A bear came out of nowhere.
C. The road down the hill was too slippery.
D. They were too excited to get back to the campsite.
26. What can we learn from the story
A. A friend is never known till a man has need.
B. The best that we find in our travel is an honest friend.
C. Brothers concentrate on each other, and their strength runs out of gold.
D. If you are serious about what you’re doing, keep you head and follow your instinct.
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述在作者13岁的时候，同哥哥和父亲进行了一次735英里的自行车旅行，在旅行中发生了意外，作者救下了他的哥哥，从而让作者悟出一个道理：认真的对待自己所做的事情，听从自己的直觉和内心。
24【答案】A细节理解题。根据文章“When I was 13 years old, I went on a 735-mile cycling trip with my brother and father. We were all keen cyclists and I can say I felt like I was born on a bike. My father was a professional cyclist, and wanted to show us, his twin sons, the work of the trade and bond with us. ”（当我13岁的时候，我和我的哥哥和父亲进行了一次735英里的自行车旅行。我们都是自行车爱好者，我可以说我感觉我天生就是骑自行的料。我的父亲是一名职业自行车手，他想让我们，他的双胞胎儿子，看看这个行业的工作和与我们的联系。）可知，作者的父亲期望能从自行车旅行中让他的儿子们看看这个工作的性质，并且和儿子们建立联系，一起度过一些时光，故选A。
25【答案】C推理判断题。根据第三段“One night, after perhaps a week into the trip, we were on our last legs(路程)getting to a campsite, and going down a large hill. It was raining moderately and we were coasting down the hill in eager delight to take a rest from going up a mountain with all of our gear and sore legs. ”（大概在旅行了一个星期后的一个晚上，我们在去露营地的最后一段路上，走下一座大山。雨下得不大，我们带着所有的装备和酸痛的双腿从山上滑下来，急切地想休息一下。）和第四段“Suddenly, my brother’s front tire slipped in the rain, and he slid into the middle of the road. ”（ 突然，我哥哥的前轮在雨中打滑，他滑到了路中间。）可知，事故发生时作者他们走的是山路，由于下了雨，路很滑，所以哥哥的前轮在雨中打滑，导致哥哥摔倒。故推断这次事故的可能原因是下山的路太滑了，故选C。
26【答案】D推理判断题。根据最后一段“My brother says I was incredibly brave, but I think we do what we know is right. …Life and death often swing in the balance between what seems natural and rational. ”（ 我哥哥说我非常勇敢，但我认为我们做自己认为正确的事。我认为人在危难的时候应该听从自己的直觉，而不是理智地看待困境。如果我当时考虑到我那天晚上在做什么，我哥哥可能已经被从这个世界上带走了。生与死常常在看似自然与理性之间摇摆不定。）可知，通过这次事故，作者悟出了一个道理就是要认真的对待自己所做的事情，听从自己的直觉和内心，这也是我们从这篇文章学到的，故选D。
四
“A writer’s job is to tell the truth,” said Hemingway in 1942. No other writer of our time had so fiercely stated, or so consistently (一贯地) illustrated the writer’s duty to speak truly. His standard of truth-telling remained, moreover, so high and so strict that he was ordinarily unwilling to admit secondary evidence, whether literary evidence or evidence picked up from other sources than his own experience. “I only know what I have seen”, was a statement which came often to his lips and pen. What he had personally done, or what he knew unforgettably by having gone through one version of it, was what he was interested in telling about.
The primary intention of his writing, from first to last, was to seize and project for the reader what he often called “the way it was”. This is a characteristically simple phrase for a concept of extraordinary complexity, and Hemingway’s concept of its meaning subtly (微妙地) changed several times in the course of his career - always in the direction of greater complexity. At the core of the concept, however, one can invariably recognize the operation of three instruments of beauty appreciation: the sense of place, the sense of fact, and the sense of scene.
The first of these, obviously a strong passion with Hemingway, is the sense of place. “Unless you have geography, background,” he once told George Antheil, “you have nothing.” You have, that is to say, a dramatic vacuum. Few writers have been more place-conscious. Few have so carefully charted out the geographical ground work of their novels while managing to keep background so unnoticeable. Few, accordingly, have been able to record more economically and graphically the way it is when you watch the bulls running through the streets of Pamplona, Spain towards the bull-ring.
“When I woke it was the sound of the rocket exploding that announced the release of the bulls. Down below the narrow street was empty. All the balconies were crowded with people. Suddenly a crowd came down the street. They were all running, packed close together. They passed along and up the street toward the bull-ring and behind them came more men running faster, and then some stragglers (落后者) who were really running. Behind them was a little bare space, and then the bulls tossing their heads up and down. It all went out of sight around the corner. One man fell, rolled to the gutter (排水沟), and lay quiet. But the bulls went right on and did not notice him. They were all running together.”
63. What’s the main idea of the first two paragraphs
A. Hemingway’s writing began from reality and then he would let his mind wander.
B. Hemingway’s primary purpose in writing was to report faithfully reality as he experienced it.
C. Hemingway’s writing reflects his preference for a simple story that the reader would thoroughly enjoy.
D. Hemingway would construct a story that would reflect truths that were not particular to a specific historical period.
64. It can be inferred from the passage that Hemingway preferred ______ as the sources for his work.
A. Stories that he had experienced rather than read about.
B. Stories that he had read about in newspapers or other sources.
C. Stories that he had heard from friends or chance acquaintances.
D. Stories that came to him in periods of deep thinking or in dreams.
65. The author calls “the way it was” a “characteristically simple phrase for a concept of extraordinary complexity” because ______.
A. it shows how Hemingway understated complex issues in his books.
B. it reflects Hemingway’s talent for making ordinary events difficult to understand.
C Hemingway’s obsession for geographic details overshadowed the dramatic element of his stories.
D. the relationship between simplicity and complexity reflected the relationship between the style and content of Hemingway’s writing.
66. Why does the author include an except (节选) from The Sun Also Rises in the last paragraph
A. To vividly illustrate how exciting the bull run is.
B. To demonstrate that all kinds of runners can take part in the bull run.
C. To show Hemingway’s delicate description of the background of the bull run.
D. To place greater emphasis on the importance of geography, economically speaking.
【分析】本文属于说明文，海明威一直坚持使用自己的经历作写作素材，坚持说真话，坚持简明的语言风格，但是能够很好地表达复杂的概念。
63【答案】B主旨大意题。根据第一段“His standard of truth-telling remained, moreover, so high and so strict that he was ordinarily unwilling to admit secondary evidence, whether literary evidence or evidence picked up from other sources than his own experience.”以及第二段“The primary intention of his writing, from first to last, was to seize and project for the reader what he often called “the way it was”.”可知，而且，他讲真话的标准仍然很高，也很严格，所以他通常不愿意承认次要证据，无论是文学证据还是从他自己的经历以外的其他来源获得的证据。他至始至终写作的目的是坚持为读者呈现原原本本的信息，故可知，前两段主要关于海明威写作的主要目的是如实地写他所经历的现实，故选B。
64【答案】A推理判断题。根据第一段“His standard of truth-telling remained, moreover, so high and so strict that he was ordinarily unwilling to admit secondary evidence, whether literary evidence or evidence picked up from other sources than his own experience. “I only know what I have seen”, was a statement which came often to his lips and pen.”可知，而且，他讲真话的标准仍然很高，也很严格，所以他通常不愿意承认次要证据，无论是文学证据还是从他自己的经历以外的其他来源获得的证据，可知海明威坚持根据自己的经历来写作，故选A。
65【答案】D推理判断题。根据第二段“This is a characteristically simple phrase for a concept of extraordinary complexity, and Hemingway’s concept of its meaning subtly (微妙地) changed several times in the course of his career - always in the direction of greater complexity.”可知，“the way it was”是一个典型的简单的词组但是表达了非常复杂的概念，而他的这个含义的概念在他写作生涯改变了好几次，但是都是朝着更复杂的方向前进。海明威崇尚的是简明的写作风格，事实上，他的简约背后隐藏深意，反映了海明威简明写作风格和复杂内容之间的关系，故选D。
66【答案】C推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Few writers have been more place-conscious. Few have so carefully charted out the geographical ground work of their novels while managing to keep background so unnoticeable.”可知，只有少数的作家能够有场所的意识，很少的作家都能在让背景信息不明显的同时，又能够仔细地标注出小说的场所基础信息，所以最后一段引用《太阳照常升起》段落是为了帮助阐明这一观念，即坚持简洁的语言，但是很生动形象地把背景描述出来，所以最后一段引用《太阳照常升起》是为了来展示海明威对奔牛节背景的精致描述。故选C。
五
In the past few decades, great progress has been made in the field of space exploration, which has enabled mankind to have a deeper understanding of the Solar System, our place in it and in the universe. “We sent probes(探测器) to every planet in the Solar System. This is by far the best one,” said Clayton, vice president of Blue Origin. “Let's focus right now on protecting the Earth environment, and then we'll go from there. Space science and technology should be people-centric and application-centric, and focus on improving human life. We need to have a strong footing on the Earth, learn to solve the day-to-day problems of the society.”
“Space technology can help achieve the 17 sustainable development goals to be achieved by 2030 set by the United Nations. Satellite monitoring can really help with agriculture. ” said Victoria, CEO of a company working on sustainable development, “Through Global Navigation Satellite System, animals' movement information recorded on self-recharging devices can be transmitted to the company server. Farmers can be alerted in real time if anomalies(异常现象）are detected. We can use it to ensure the traceability of the entire meat chain. As a result, it enables consumers to know that the beef they are eating does not come from protected areas or the cattle don't contribute to deforestation. ”
As early as 2007, Michael Griffin, former Administrator of NASA, put forward the concept of the “space economy” in a speech. He is very optimistic about the market prospect of commercial space and said, “According to the latest data, the global space industry could reach $1 trillion in 2040, up from $ 378 billion currently. I believe more business models and space activities will be created in the future to achieve the economic scale of $1 trillion. ”
As an entrepreneur(创业者）herself, Victoria thinks the thriving space market will bring countless opportunities for entrepreneurs. She mentioned future settlements on Mars or on the Moon. “If we are going to develop a new society outside the Earth, we will need all types of applications and all types of startups. But coming back to the Earth, there are so many problems that need to be solved, and space technology can really help with that.”
12. What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 1 refer to
A. A successful space exploration.
B. A probe sent to other planets.
C. The planet people are living on now.
D. The solar system people are exploring.
13. In Clayton's opinion, what should be the first concern about space technology
A. Providing more financial support.
B. Improving people's life on earth.
C. Sending more probes in the universe.
D. The development of related technology.
14. How does Victoria support her statement about satellite monitoring in Paragraph 2
A. By making reasoning.
B. By providing accurate figures.
C. By making comparison.
D. By illustrating from different aspects.
15. What does the text mainly talk about
A. Necessities of space exploration.
B. Breakthroughs in space exploration.
C. Possible application of space technology.
D. Controversial issues about space technology.
【分析】这是一篇说明文，在过去的几十年里，空间探索领域取得了巨大的进展，空间技术也会在各个领域起到很大的作用。
12【答案】C指代猜测题。根据第一段第四句“Let's focus right now on protecting the Earth environment, and then we'll go from there.”（让我们现在关注保护地球环境，然后我们会从那里开始。）可知，此处是指地球是目前为止最好的一个，所以我们要保护地球环境。所以this是指我们现在所居住的星球。故选C。
13【答案】B细节理解题。根据第一段第五句“Space science and technology should be people-centric and application-centric, and focus on improving human life.”（空间科学技术要坚持以人为本、以应用为中心，以改善人类生活为中心。）可知，在克莱顿看来，空间技术应该首先关注改善人类生活。故选B。
14【答案】D推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Space technology can help achieve the 17 sustainable development goals to be achieved by 2030 set by the United Nations.”（空间技术可以帮助实现联合国设定的到2030年要实现的17个可持续发展目标。）可知，Victoria认为空间技术可以帮助实现联合国设定的到2030年要实现的17个可持续发展目标。根据第二段第二句“Satellite monitoring can really help with agriculture.”（卫星监测真的可以帮助农业。）和最后一句“As a result, it enables consumers to know that the beef they are eating does not come from protected areas or the cattle don't contribute to deforestation.”（因此，它使消费者知道他们吃的牛肉不是来自保护区，或者牛没有促进森林砍伐。）可知，Victoria通过说明卫星监测帮助农业和环保方面来佐证自己的观点。故选D。
15【答案】C主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句“Space technology can help achieve the 17 sustainable development goals to be achieved by 2030 set by the United Nations.”（空间技术可以帮助实现联合国设定的到2030年要实现的17个可持续发展目标。），第三段第一句As early as 2007, Michael Griffin, former Administrator of NASA, put forward the concept of the “space economy” in a speech.（早在2007年，美国国家航空航天局前局长Michael Griffin就在一次演讲中提出了“空间经济”的概念。）；第四段第一句“As an entrepreneur(创业者）herself, Victoria thinks the thriving space market will bring countless opportunities for entrepreneurs.”（作为一名企业家，维多利亚认为蓬勃发展的太空市场将为企业家带来无数的机会。）可知，文章主要是讲太空技术可能的应用。故选C。
六
A pair of earth scientists at the Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpu are calling for flood prevention and warning systems in areas around the Himalayan mountains to protect people from floods or to warn them of the potential disasters. In their Perspectives piece published in the journal Science, Tanuj Shukla and Indra Sen point out that rising temperatures due to global warming are leading to an increase in flood danger for people who live in the area.
As Shukla and Sen note, the Himalayas hold the most ice anywhere on the planet outside of the polar regions-snow-covered mountains and glaciers hold on to massive amounts of water. In the past, as snow and ice have melted in the warmer months, mountain lakes have formed with natural dams holding them in place. But previous research has shown that increases in the amount of water buildup in such lakes and melting of the ice in the rocky material that makes up natural dams can lead to massive floods. Just eight years ago, they note, melting ice in northern India led to an avalanche (雪崩)that pushed the natural dams past its breaking point. The water rushing down the mountain, carrying with it large rocks, trees and other debris, wound up killing over 5,000 people. Such events are common enough to have been given a name-glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs). They can also be caused by extreme rain events during Monsoon season, which, due to global warming, are happening more often.
Shukla and Sen point out that as the planet grows warmer, more GLOFs are certain to occur. But they also note that the same outcomes are not inevitable. They suggest that the construction of reservoirs to hold extra rain, structures to change the course of water, detention basins along with embankments (堤岸)could prevent such flooding. They also suggest improvements in technology could help-upgrading cell service in the region, for example, would allow people upstream to call and warn those living downstream. They also suggest building a satellite network that could be used to monitor troublesome areas. Taken together, such technology could form the basis of an early warning system. Without such action, they warn millions of people could lose their lives in the coming years.
24. Why is the Indian avalanche mentioned in the second paragraph
A. To describe a disaster.
B. To provide an example.
C. To make a comparison.
D. To introduce a new concept.
25. Which of the following would Shukla and Sen probably agree with
A. Extreme rain events destroy natural dams.
B. The Himalayas hold the most ice on the planet.
C. Technology can be important to the warning system.
D. Nothing can be done to prevent the disastrous outcomes.
26. What is the main idea of the text
A. Global warming will make GLOFs more common.
B. There is an increase in flood danger around Himalayan mountains.
C. Immediate action should be taken to protect people in troublesome areas.
D. Prevention and warning systems are essential for Himalayan flooding events.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了印度坎普理工学院的两位地球科学家呼吁在喜马拉雅山脉周边地区建立洪水预防和预警系统，以保护人们免受洪水侵袭，或警告他们即将到来的灾难。
24【答案】B推理判断题，根据文章第二段“But previous research has shown that increases in the amount of water buildup in such lakes and melting of the ice in the rocky material that makes up natural dams can lead to massive floods.（但之前的研究表明，这些湖泊中蓄水量的增加以及构成天然大坝的岩石材料中的冰的融化可能导致大规模洪水。）”可知，湖泊中蓄水量的增加以及构成天然大坝的岩石材料中的冰的融化可能导致大规模洪水，作者在下文中用印度雪崩的例子来阐述上述观点，是为了给上述观点提供一个事例。故选B项。
25【答案】C推断判断题。根据文章最后一段“They also suggest improvements in technology could help-upgrading cell service in the region, for example, would allow people upstream to call and warn those living downstream.（他们还建议，技术的进步可以帮助升级该地区的手机服务，例如，可以让上游的人打电话并警告下游的人。）”和“Taken together, such technology could form the basis of an early warning system.（综合起来，这种技术可以构成早期预警系统的基础。）”可知，两位科学家的建议中都提到了科技的使用，所以可以推断他们可能都会同意技术对预警系统很重要这一观点。故选C项。
26【答案】D主旨大意题。根据第一段“A pair of earth scientists at the Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpu are calling for flood prevention and warning systems in areas around the Himalayan mountains to protect people from floods or to warn them of the potential disasters.（印度坎普理工学院的两位地球科学家呼吁在喜马拉雅山脉周边地区建立洪水预防和预警系统，以保护人们免受洪水侵袭，或警告他们可能发生的灾难。）”和全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了全球变暖导致的气温上升使居住在喜马拉雅山脉周边地区的人们面临更大的洪水危险。印度坎普理工学院的两位地球科学家呼吁在该地区建立洪水预防和预警系统，以保护人们免受洪水侵袭，或警告他们可能发生的灾难。D选项“Prevention and warning systems are essential for Himalayan flooding events.（预防和预警系统对喜马拉雅洪灾事件至关重要。）”概括文章主旨。故选D项。
七
The International Day of Happiness, March 20th, is a United Nations project which has a serious purpose. The UN thinks happiness will only be for everyone when the people of the world are equal.
On this date, the centre of the sun is directly above the Earth’s equator, which is called an equinox (春分）. On the equinox, day and night last for almost equal time all over the Earth. The equinox is felt by everyone on the planet, which matches perfectly with the idea behind the Day of Happiness. Since 2013, the Day of Happiness has been celebrated in all 193 United Nations member states. The United Nations invites each person of any age to join in celebration of the International Day of Happiness.
The idea goes back to 1972, when the King of Bhutan, Jigme Singye Wangchuck, said that they should measure a country’s progress by its happiness and not just how much it produces or how much money it makes. He called it Gross National Happiness (GNH). Again, it is more than just a nice idea. Bhutan developed a system to measure happiness based on things like people’s psychological health, their general health, how they spend their time, where they live, their education and their environment. People in Bhutan answer about 300 questions, and the results are compared every year to measure progress. The government uses the results and the ideas behind GNH to make decisions for the country.
In 2011,a UN adviser called Jayme Illien suggested the idea of an international day to increase happiness. His plan was accepted by Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon in 2012. Jayme was born in Calcutta, India, and he became an orphan when he was a child. He was adopted by an American nurse, Anna Belle Illien. She travelled the world to help orphans and she took Jayme with her. He saw children like him, but who were not as lucky as him because they were often escaping wars or they were very poor. He wanted to do something about it, so he worked in the areas of children’s and human rights.
The UN measures and compares the happiness of different countries in the World Happiness Report. It bases its report on social, economic and environmental well-being. The UN also sets goals for countries to achieve to increase happiness because it says happiness is a basic human right. Happiness should not be something people have because they are lucky to live in a place where they have basic things like peace, education and access to healthcare.
27. What do we know about the Day of Happiness
A. People all over the world celebrate it.
B. It’s a day to make people equal and happy.
C. It’s on the same day when the equinox happens for everyone.
D. Different countries celebrate the Day of Happiness on different dates.
28. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. How happiness is measured in Bhuta.
B. What happiness means to people in Bhutan.
C. How the idea of the Day of Happiness started.
D. When people began to celebrate the Day of Happiness.
29. What can we infer from the last two paragraphs
A. Jayme Illien’s childhood experience influenced his choice of work.
B. UN thinks happiness depends largely on basic things people have.
C. UN has followed exactly the work of Bhutan to measure happiness.
D. Jayme Illien proposed the idea of the International Day of Happiness.
30. In which section of a magazine may this text appear
A. Entertainment. B. Culture.
C. Science. D. Health.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了国际幸福日的起源以及衡量幸福的一些指数。
27【答案】C细节理解题。根据文章第二段“On this date, the centre of the sun is directly above the Earth’s equator, which is called an equinox.（在这天，太阳的中心就在赤道的正上方，这就叫作春分）”及“The equinox is felt by everyone on the planet，which matches perfectly with the idea behind the Day of Happiness.（地球上的每个人都能感受到春分，它与幸福日背后的理念完美契合。）”可知，春分与幸福日背后的理念完美契合，所以国际幸福日在春分这一天，故选C项。
28【答案】C段落大意题。根据第三段“The idea goes back to 1972, when the King of Bhutan, Jigme Singye Wangchuck, said that they should measure a country’s progress by its happiness and not just how much it produces or how much money it makes.（这个想法要追溯到1972年，不丹王国的国王Jigme Singye Wangchuck说：他们要用幸福来衡量一个国家的进步，不只是看生产多少、赚了多少钱。）”可知，第三段主要介绍幸福日想法的起源及如何开始的。故选C项。
29【答案】A推理判断题。根据文章第四段“He saw children like him, but who were not as lucky as him because they were often escaping wars or they were very poor. He wanted to do something about it, so he worked in the areas of children’s and human rights.（他看到像他一样的孩子因为经常躲避战争并且很贫穷，并不像他一样幸运，他想为之做一些事。因此他工作在儿童和人权领域。）”可知，Jayme Illien的童年经历影响了日后他对工作的选择。故选A项。
30【答案】B推理判断题。根据第一段“The International Day of Happiness, March 20th, is a United Nations project which has a serious purpose.（3月20日的国际幸福日是联合国的一个项目，它有着严肃的目的。）”及第三段“The idea goes back to 1972, when the King of Bhutan, Jigme Singye Wangchuck, said that they should measure a country’s progress by its happiness and not just how much it produces or how much money it makes.（这个想法要追溯到1972年，不丹王国的国王Jigme Singye Wangchuck说：他们要用幸福来衡量一个国家的进步，不只是看生产多少、赚了多少钱。）”可知，本篇文章主要介绍了国际幸福日，这属于文化范畴，所以这篇文章会出现在杂志的文化部分，故选B项。
八
A thief who dropped a winning lottery ticket at the scene of his crime has been given a lesson in honesty. His victim, who picked up the ticket and then claimed the $25,000 prize, managed to trace him, and handed over the cash. The robbery happened when maths professor Vinicio Sabbatucci, 58, was changing a tire on an Italian motorway. Another motorist, who stopped “to help”, stole a suitcase from his car and drove off. The professor found the dropped ticket and put it in his pocket before driving home to Ascoli in eastern Italy.
Next day, he saw the lottery results on TV and, taking out the ticket, realized it was a winner. He claimed the 60 million lire(里拉) prize. Then he began a battle with his conscience. Finally, he decided he could not keep the money despite having been robbed. He advertised in newspapers and on the radio, saying, “I’m trying to find the man who robbed me. I have 60 million lire for him—a lottery win. Please meet me.Anonymity(匿名) guaranteed.”
Professor Sabbatucci received hundreds of calls from people hoping to trick him into handing them the cash. But there was one voice he recognized and he arranged to meet the man in a park. The robber, a 35-year-old unemployed father of two, gave back the suitcase and burst into tears. He could not believe what was happening. “Why didn’t you keep the money ” he asked. The professor replied, “I couldn’t because it’s not mine.” Then he walked off, spurning the thief’s offer of a reward.
24. The underlined sentence “Then he began a battle with his conscience.” in Paragraph 2 implies all of the following except that ________.
A. he knew what he should do as soon as he saw the lottery results
B. he hesitated about keeping the money for sometime
C. he thought for a moment of avenging himself on the robber
D. he came to realize that honesty is more important than money
25. Hundreds of people phoned Professor Sabbatucci because they ________.
A. wanted to make fun of him B. hoped to get the money
C. knew who the robber was D. lost the lottery ticket
26. How did the robber feel when the victim wanted to find him
A. Excited. B. Frightened.
C. Ashamed. D. Incredible.
27. The underlined word “spurning” in the last sentence can be replaced by ________.
A. accepting B. claiming
C. rejecting D. cancelling
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位被抢劫的教授意外地捡到了抢劫犯丢失的彩票。随后，教授发现该彩票为中奖彩票，教授最终通过媒体找到了这位抢劫犯，并归还了用彩票兑换的奖金。
24【答案】A推理判断题。根据下一句“Finally, he decided he could not keep the money despite having been robbed.(最后，他决定尽管自己被抢了，这笔钱也不能留下)”可知，教授在彩票中奖后，内心很矛盾，但最终还是决定返还这笔钱。由此推断出，教授看到彩票结果犹豫了很久才做出的决定。A项he knew what he should do as soon as he saw the lottery results(他一看到彩票结果就知道该怎么办)不符合推测。故选A项。
25【答案】B细节理解题。由最后一段第一句“Professor Sabbatucci received hundreds of calls from people hoping to trick him into handing them the cash.(Sabbatucci教授接到了数百个电话，人们都想骗他把钱交给他们)”可知，数百人给教授打电话是想要得到这笔钱。故选B项。
26【答案】D推理判断题。由最后一段中的“He could not believe what was happening.(他难以相信发生了什么)”可知，得知受害者想要找到他时，那位抢劫犯对所发生的事难以置信。故选D项。
27【答案】C词句猜测题。根据所猜词上一句“The professor replied, “I couldn’t because it’s not mine.”(教授回复道，我不能这样做，因为这不是我的)”可知，教授拒绝了抢劫犯给予的酬金，因为这不是他的钱。故所猜词spurning的意思为“拒绝”。故选C。
九
The first time I used the TV to distract my daughter, I felt like a bad parent; I convinced myself I was a “bad” mom—these days I believe the opposite to be true. Screen time makes me a better mom.
Now I know what most of you might be thinking: That’s ridiculous. Only crappy(糟糕的)parents rely on the screen to care for their kids. Then again, experts suggest parents limit media use. And while I do not doubt experts, there are things they fail to consider.
Like most 6-year-olds, my daughter gets worked up and excited easily and watching a cartoon gives her a chance to shut off her mind. And there are other reasons— more selfish reasons. I am a work-from-work mom, and giving her screen time gives me “me”time. I’m able to write while she watches TV. And while this may sound bad, I believe I am helping my daughter realize she should rely on herself. When Mommy works, she gets her own snacks, drinks and toys.
There are other benefits, too. TV has also taught my daughter. Thanks to “super Why”,she knew her alphabet at 2, and thanks to “Sesame Street”, she was able to count to 20 by age 3. And I use the screen as a great incentive. My daughter earns “tablet time” when she completes tasks, e.g., making her bed earns 15minutes while doing her homework gets her 30.
Of course, I have a few rules. During meals, the TV is off; all programs must be supervised; on weekdays, she is limited to two hours maximum. So remember: It doesn’t matter what our kids watch; it matters what they do, what they say, what they feel and how they act, and only you know what is best for them.
4. What can be learned about the author’s opinion about screen time
A. It fails to take kids into consideration.
B. It is welcome by most crappy parents.
C. It challenges a popular belief.
D. It is in line with experts.
5. How can screen time be good for kids of mothers working at home
A. It gives them topics to discuss with friends.
B. It gives them some uninterrupted time.
C. It enables them to keep their spirits up.
D. It helps them become independent.
6. What does the underlined word “incentive” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Motivator B. Relaxation
C. Idea producer D. Learning tool
7. Which of the following might the author agree with
A. Science and technology are primary productive forces.
B. A man is good-for-nothing until he is educated.
C. Nothing can be accomplished without rules.
D. Each coin has two sides.
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文章。文章谈论了作者合理让孩子看电视，对自己和孩子都带来了好处。
4【答案】C推理判断题。根据第二段中“Now I know what most of you might be thinking: That’s ridiculous. Only crappy(糟糕的)parents rely on the screen to care for their kids. Then again, experts suggest parents limit media use. And while I do not doubt experts, there are things they fail to consider.”（ 现在我知道你们大多数人可能在想什么：这太荒谬了。只有糟糕的父母才会依赖屏幕来照顾他们的孩子。再者，专家建议家长限制媒体的使用。虽然我不怀疑专家们，但有些事情他们没有考虑到。）以及第一段结尾“Screen time makes me a better mom.”（屏幕时间让我成为一个更好的妈妈。）可知，作者对屏幕时间的看法挑战了一个流行的观点。故选C项。
5【答案】D细节理解题。根据第三段中“I’m able to write while she watches TV. And while this may sound bad, I believe I am helping my daughter realize she should rely on herself. When Mommy works, she gets her own snacks, drinks and toys.”（我能在她看电视的时候写作。虽然这听起来很糟糕，但我相信我正在帮助我的女儿意识到她应该依靠自己。当妈妈工作的时候，她会得到她自己的零食，饮料和玩具。）可知，妈妈在家工作的时候，自己看电视帮助孩子变得独立。故选D项。
6【答案】A词句猜测题。根据划线单词句子后文“My daughter earns “tablet time” when she completes tasks, e.g., making her bed earns 15minutes while doing her homework gets her 30.”（我女儿在完成任务时赚取“平板时间” ，例如，整理床铺挣15分钟，做作业挣30分钟。）可知，女儿完成任务就会赚到看电视的时间，据此推测“And I use the screen as a great incentive.”（我把屏幕作为一个很好的incentive。）其中incentive应该是“奖励措施”，选项A“动力；激发因素”，最为接近。故选A项。
7【答案】D推理判断题。根据第二段中“Then again, experts suggest parents limit media use. And while I do not doubt experts, there are things they fail to consider.”（再者，专家建议家长限制媒体的使用。虽然我不怀疑专家们，但有些事情他们没有考虑到。）可知，作者认为关于孩子看电视这件事有弊也有利，凡事都有两面性。故选D项。
十
Green skin is common in science fiction, but what if green skin were not just for aliens It humans had green skin, what if it granted us the ability to perform photosynthesis (光合作用), which plants use to live off of sunlight
Let's analyze what science says about it and ask award-winning science-fiction author John Scalzi what he thinks.
Plants can live off of photosynthesis because they grow broad, flat leaves to harvest as much light as possible, They also need less energy because they are far less active than animals.
According to Lindsay Turnbull, a plant ecologist at the University of Oxford, if the skin of a woman were photosynthetic like a leaf, the amount of surface area she had would satisfy only 1% of her daily energy requirements to survive. For a photosynthesizing woman to meet her energy demands, she would need a lot more skin-about a tennis courts worth, Turnbull estimated.
In addition, photosynthesis requires carbon dioxide. Plants have pores(毛孔)that they use to supply the gas to their cells. If photosynthetic humans had chloroplasts(叶绿体), they might need porous skin to let in carbon dioxide, but such pores might let other things leak in or out-for instance, moisture(水分)-in ways that might prove harmful to the human body.
One might wonder if photosynthetic people might prefer moving to sunny climates. Although such people might receive a small increase from photosynthesis if they moved to a desert area, they would likely base other resource issues to deal with, such as a lack of water. Scalzi said. “There's always going to be trade-offs(平衡).” he noted.
And would photosynthetic humans prefer hole or no clothing to absorb all those rays In some photosynthetic societies, clothing might become a symbol of the elite- a sign they get enough energy from food and do not need photosynthesis. You can imagine them saying. "I'm rich, so I can cover up." Scalzi said.
So would Scalzi want photosynthetic skin for himself "Probably not.” he said. “I don’t see the benefit from it being so great that I would completely change the way I’d look to benefit from it.”
12. Why can't humans live off of photosynthesis according to Lindsay Turnbull
A. Because we are less active. B. Because we wear clothes.
C. Because we don’t have green skin. D. Because our skin area is not large enough.
13. If photosynthetic humans had pores, what would be the disadvantage
A. They would absorb too much CO2.
B. They would release some useful substances.
C. They would be too small for human beings.
D. They would keep gases from entering the human body.
14. What might be the reason why Scalzi says no to photosynthetic skin for himself
A. He was too conservative to accept that.
B. He wouldn't like to move to sunny climates.
C. He believed there were more risks than benefits.
D. He thought clothing was simply a symbol of upper class.
15. How does the author support the theme of the text
A. By providing research results. B. By describing a process.
C. By making classifications. D. By following the time order.
【分析】这是一篇议论文。主要讨论了人类能不能够依靠皮肤的光合作用生存的问题。
12【答案】D推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“For a photosynthesizing woman to meet her energy demands, she would need a lot more skin - about a tennis court’s worth, Turnbull estimated.”（Turnbull估计，要使光合作用的女士满足自己的能量需求，她需要的皮肤要多得多——大约相当于网球场的价值。）可知，Lindsay Turnbull指出，人类不能依靠光合作用生存的原因是我们的皮肤面积不够大。故选D项。
13【答案】B推理判断题。根据文章第五段中“If photosynthetic humans had chloroplasts(叶绿体), they might need porous skin to let in carbon dioxide, but such pores might let other things leak

展开更多......

收起↑