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阅读理解之主旨大意题解题技巧
类型一　标题归纳题
一、常见设问方式
·The best title of the passage is ________.
·Which of the following is the best title of the passage
·What would be the best title for the passage
·The most appropriate title of the passage is ______.
二、解题必备知能
(一)理解标题的3大特点
一个好的标题应具备三大特点：
1．概括性——准确而又简短；
2．针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符；
3．醒目性——能引发读者的阅读欲望。
(二)巧用3大方法确定文章标题
1．正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨；
2．反面否定法：撇开原文，拿各个备选项去设想用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文章对照，一一排除不符选项；
3．研读备选项本身：研读备选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、概括性等。
例子1
Good Morning Britain's Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.
In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under ￡5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she's been able to put a lot of what she's learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.
“We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant，” she explains. “I pay ￡5 for a portion (一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we're not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.”
The eight part series (系列节目), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV's Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.
With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight's Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family's long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.
27．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Keeping Fit by Eating Smart
B．Balancing Our Daily Diet
C．Making Yourself a Perfect Chef
D．Cooking Well for Less
[解题示范]
第一步：读文章，概括文意
本文是一篇新闻报道。《早安英国》的节目主持人苏珊娜·瑞德新推出了一档节目——Save Money: Good Food，向观众展示如何用较少的预算做出美味营养的饭菜。
第二步：析选项，斟酌判断
A 通过明智的吃来保持健康 文中虽提到有关饮食和健康方面的内容，但这不是文章主要内容。 以偏概全，主次不分
B 平衡我们的日常饮食 文中没有提到平衡日常饮食。 无中生有，生搬硬套
C 让你自己成为一个完美的厨师 文中只是提到用较少的预算做出美味的饭菜，没有说做一个完美的厨师。 以偏概全，主次不分
D 用的少，烹饪好 文章围绕用较少的预算做出美味的饭菜展开的。 涵盖性强，覆盖全文
[答案]　D
类型二　文章大意题
一、常见设问方式
·What's the main idea/point of the passage
·The passage is mainly about ________.
·The passage is mainly concerned about ________.
·Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage
·Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea/theme of the passage
·In this passage the author discusses primarily ________.
·The subject discussed in this text is ________.
·The general/main idea of the passage is about ________.
二、解题必备知能
掌握寻找主题句的4个小窍门，快速确定文章大意
文章是由段落组成的。段落的主题就是段落的中心思想，具体段落的中心思想又是为文章整体中心思想服务的。理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解具体段落中心的基础上的。找出每小段的主题句，各段的主题句常在该段的首句或尾句，各段主题句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要进一步加工概括。观察全文的结构安排，理解文章的“重心”和支撑性细节。
用浏览法(skimming)，即快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息的方法可以快速找到主题句。以下是找主题句的四个小窍门：
1．段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。
2．首段出现疑问句时，对该问句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
3．作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
4．表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等词，通常是主旨。
例子2
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.
31．What is the main idea of the text
A．New languages will be created.
B．People's lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C．Human development results in fewer languages.
D．Geography determines language evolution.
[解题示范]
第一步：读文章，概括文意
文章介绍了世界上语言的种类随着人类社会的发展而逐渐减少这一现象。
第二步：析选项，斟酌判断
A 新语言将会被创造。 文章介绍的是语言的减少而不是新语言的创造。 移花接木，偷换概念
B 人们的生活方式会反映到语言上。 文中没有这种说法。 无中生有，生搬硬套
C 人类的发展导致语言越来越少。 文章介绍了世界上语言多样性的发展变化以及现在很多语言面临消亡的威胁这一现象。 涵盖性强，覆盖全文
D 地理决定语言的发展。 文中没有这种说法。 无中生有，生搬硬套
[答案]　C
类型三　段落大意题
一、常见设问方式
·What does the author tell us in Paragraph ...
·The main idea of the second paragraph probably is ________.
·The first paragraph is mainly about ________.
·Which of the following can best summarize Para.1
·What is the first paragraph mainly about
二、解题必备知能
归纳段落大意的2种方法
方法1：概括段落大意
要准确概括某段的大意，务必要知道该段的逻辑结构。
(1)如果该段是按总分顺序组织，首句做总的说明，其他句子对其进行具体论述，这种结构的主题句就在段首；
(2)如果按分总顺序组织，主题句就在段尾；
(3)如果按分总分的顺序组织，则主题句就在这段话的中间；
(4)如果按总分总的顺序，段落结构相对难度较低，我们可以很明显的看到一段的首句和末句的内容几乎完全一致，正确答案就呼之欲出了；
(5)如果按并列式行文，这种结构的段落一般会在一段中讨论两个平行的内容，整个段落可以从中间处分开，前后是平行关系，这样的段落结构对应的答案通常也会是很明显的并列关系；
(6)如果对比各事物，那么它们的共同点或不同点就是该段大意。
方法2：揣摩段落大意
有时，作者可能不直接写出主题句，而是通过各种方法暗示给读者，这就需要充分发挥读者的想象力与判断力，揣摩段落大意。
例子3
Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle — named the Transition — has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23 gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.
…
28．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．The basic data of the Transition.
B．The advantages of flying cars.
C．The potential market for flying cars.
D．The designers of the Transition.
[解题示范]
第一步：读文章，概括段意
该段没有主题句，但是从以下几个方面说明了飞车the Transition的相关情况：
①制造商：Terrafugia Inc.
②首飞成功：completed its first flight
③上市时间：within the next year
④飞车名字：the Transition
⑤飞车构成：two seats, four wheels and wings
⑥飞行时速：around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air
⑦耗油：5 gallons per hour in the air; On the ground, 35 miles per gallon
由以上信息可以看出该段主要描述了飞车the Transition的一些基本数据。
第二步：析选项，斟酌判断
A 飞车the Transition的基本数据。 A项是对本段内容的精炼概括和总结。 涵盖性强，覆盖全段
B 飞车的一些优点。 该选项错误在于以下两点： ①该段介绍了名字为the Transition的飞车；而不是全部飞车(flying cars)。 ②该段列举的是基本数据而不是优点。 无中生有，生搬硬套
C 飞车的潜在市场。 原文没有提及。 无中生有，生搬硬套
D 飞车the Transition的设计商。 该选项仅仅是文章中的一个方面。 以偏概全，主次不分
[答案]　A
一
In 1953, when visiting his daughter’s maths class, the Harvard psychologist B.F. Skinner found every pupil learning the same topic in the same way at the same speed. Later, he built his first “teaching machine”, which let children tackle questions at their own pace. Since then, education technology (edtech) has repeated the cycle of hype and flop (炒作和失败), even as computers have reshaped almost every other part of life.
Softwares to “personalize” learning can help hundreds of millions of children stuck in miserable classes—but only if edtech supporters can resist the temptation to revive harmful ideas about how children learn. Alternatives have so far failed to teach so many children as efficiently as the conventional model of schooling where classrooms, hierarchical year-groups, standardized curriculums and fixed timetables are still the typical pattern for most of the world’s nearly 1.5 billion schoolchildren. Under this pattern, too many do not reach their potential. That condition remained almost unchanged over the past 15 years, though billions have been spent on IT in schools during that period.
What really matters then The answer is how edtech is used. One way it can help is through tailor-made instruction. Reformers think edtech can put individual attention within reach of all pupils. The other way edtech can aid learning is by making schools more productive. In California schools, instead of textbooks, pupils have “playlists”, which they use to access online lessons and take tests. The software assesses children’s progress, lightening teachers’ marking load and allowing them to focus on other tasks. A study suggested that children in early adopters of this model score better in tests than their peers at other schools.
Such innovation is welcome. But making the best of edtech means getting several things right. First, “personalized learning” must follow the evidence on how children learn. It must not be an excuse to revive pseudoscientific ideas such as “learning styles”: the theory that each child has a particular way of taking in information. This theory gave rise to government-sponsored schemes like Brain Gym, which claimed that some pupils should stretch or bend while doing sums. A less consequential falsehood is that technology means children do not need to learn facts or learn from a teacher—instead they can just use Google. Some educationalists go further, arguing that facts get in the way of skills such as creativity. Actually, the opposite is true. According to studies, most effective ways of boosting learning nearly all relied on the craft of a teacher.
Second, edtech must narrow, rather than widen, inequalities in education. Here there are grounds for optimism. Some of the pioneering schools are private ones in Silicon Valley. But many more are run by charter-school groups teaching mostly poor pupils, where laggards (成绩落后者) make the most progress relative to their peers in normal classes. A similar pattern can be observed outside America.
Third, the potential for edtech will be realized only if teachers embrace it. They are right to ask for evidence that products work. But skepticism should not turn into irrational opposition. Given what edtech promises today, closed-mindedness has no place in the classroom.
31. According to the passage, education technology can ________.
A. decrease teachers’ working load
B. facilitate personalized learning
C. help standardize curriculums
D. be loved by schoolchildren
32. Which example best argues against the underlined sentence in Para. 4
A. The students who are better at memorization tend to be less creative.
B. Schools with bans on phones have better results than high-tech ones.
C. Shakespeare was trained in grammar but he penned many great plays.
D. Lu Xun’s creativity was unlocked after he gave up studying medicine.
33. The author believes that edtech functions well only when it is ________.
A. at the service of teaching
B. limited in use among pupils
C. aimed at narrowing the wealth gap
D. in line with students’ learning styles
34. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To stress the importance of edtech.
B. To introduce the application of edtech.
C. To discuss how to get the best out of edtech.
D. To appeal for more open-mindedness to edtech.
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了“个性化”学习软件可以帮助数以亿计陷入悲惨课堂的孩子，但如何使用edtech（教育科技）是个问题，文章就如何充分利用edtech展开了讨论。
31【答案】B细节理解题。由第一段中的“Later, he built his first “teaching machine”, which let children tackle questions at their own pace. (后来，他建造了第一台“教学机器”，让孩子们按照自己的节奏解决问题。)”和第二段中的“Softwares to “personalize” learning can help hundreds of millions of children stuck in miserable classes—but only if edtech supporters can resist the temptation to revive harmful ideas about how children learn. (“个性化”学习软件可以帮助数以亿计陷入悲惨课堂的孩子，但前提是edtech的支持者能够抵制住重新唤起关于孩子如何学习的有害想法的诱惑。)”可知，教育技术（edtech）可以让孩子们按照自己的节奏解决问题，促进个性化学习。故选B项。
32【答案】C推理判断题。由第四段中的“A less consequential falsehood is that technology means children do not need to learn facts or learn from a teacher—instead they can just use Google. Some educationalists go further, arguing that facts get in the way of skills such as creativity. Actually, the opposite is true. According to studies, most effective ways of boosting learning nearly all relied on the craft of a teacher. (一个不那么重要的谬误是，科技意味着孩子们不需要学习事实或向老师学习，相反，他们可以直接使用谷歌。一些教育家更进一步，认为事实妨碍了诸如创造力之类的技能。事实上，恰恰相反。根据研究，促进学习的最有效方法几乎都依赖于教师的技能。)”可知，一些教育家认为学习事实或向老师学习会妨碍创造力，但研究表明，学习事实或向老师学习技能有助于促进学习，C项“莎士比亚受过语法训练，但他写了许多伟大的戏剧”体现了事实技能学习并不会妨碍创造力。故选C项。
33【答案】C细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“Second, edtech must narrow, rather than widen, inequalities in education. Here there are grounds for optimism. Some of the pioneering schools are private ones in Silicon Valley. But many more are run by charter-school groups teaching mostly poor pupils, where laggards (成绩落后者) make the most progress relative to their peers in normal classes. (其次，edtech必须缩小而不是扩大教育不平等。这里有乐观的理由。一些开创性的学校是硅谷的私立学校。但更多的学校是由特许学校组织的，主要教授贫困学生，在这些学校里，相对于普通班的同龄人，落后学生取得的进步最大。)”可知，有贵族式私立学校，也有教授贫困学生的普通学校，因此作者认为edtech要有用，就需要edtech缩小教育上的贫富差距。故选C项。
34【答案】C主旨大意题。第一段用哈佛心理学家B.F. Skinner的故事引入“教育技术（edtech）”，第二段讲“教育技术（edtech）能促进个性化学习，但效果不如传统的学校教育模式那样有效地教育那么多的儿童”，第三段讲“如何使用edtech的方法——通过量身定做的指导学习”，第四段讲“如何充分利用edtech——第一、个性化学习必须遵循儿童如何学习的证据”，第五段讲“如何充分利用edtech——第二、缩小教育上的贫富差距”，最后一段讲“如何充分利用edtech——只有教师接受教育技术，教育技术的潜力才能实现”，可知文章主要就edtech展开讨论，讨论了如何充分利用edtech。故选C项。
二
There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life. Nowadays society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. There is a great deal of pressure to master one’s field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up.
Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also weaken a sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion(排除) of others can hold back your true spirit.
Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective into specific fields of expertise. The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills.
Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more Chinese philosophy. “I do not know where it will lead, but I am excited I am on this pursuit.”
These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad, general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy.
8. The specialists mentioned in Paragraph 2 tend to _________.
A. treasure their freedom B. travel around the world
C. spend most time working D. enjoy meeting funny people
9. According to the author, a superior doctor is one who _________.
A. is a pure specialist in medicine
B. should love poetry and philosophy
C. is fully aware of his talent and ability
D. brings knowledge of other fields to work
10. What can we learn from the example of Toni
A. In-depth exploration makes discoveries possible.
B. Passion alone does not ensure a person’s success.
C. Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit.
D. Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected.
11. What could be the best title for the passage
A. Ways to Become a Generalist
B. Turn a Generalist into a Specialist
C. Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist
D. Specialist or Generalist: Hard to Decide
【分析】本文是议论文。文章论述了要当一个多面手，而不是当某方面的专家。
8【答案】C细节理解题。第二段中提到“Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. …These specialists could work at the office until ten each night (有些人似乎愿意在他们狭隘的专业领域夜以继日地工作。…… 这些专家可以每天晚上在办公室工作到十点。)”由此可知，这些专家往往花大部分的时间在工作上。故选C。
9【答案】D细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills. (这位既是诗人又是哲学家的医生是一位优秀的医生，他能给他的病人提供比良好的医术更多的东西。)”可知，作者认为一名优秀的医生是将其他领域的知识带到工作中的医生。故选D。
10【答案】D推理判断题。文章第四段中提到“Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are.（事物之间是有联系的。让你在一个领域的专长激发你在所有相关领域的热情。你的一些兴趣可能看起来没有联系，但一旦你深入探索，你就会发现它们是有联系的。）”下文举出Toni的例子“My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy.（我的编辑Toni也是一位作家，她编辑过几本历史书。她已决定学习中国历史。作为一名画家，她痴迷于紫禁城的建筑之美，同时也对更多地了解中国哲学感兴趣。）”由此可以推断，作者想通过Toni的例子说明看似不相关的兴趣，如果深入探索的话，在某种程度上是有联系的。故选D。
11【答案】C主旨大意题。文章第一段提出观点“There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist.( 即使你是一个专家，做一个多面手也是有道理的。)”作者提出即使你是一个专家，也应该当一个通才；文章第二段提出“The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. (成为专家的缺点是，我们经常越来越多地了解越来越少的事情)”说明成为专家的不足之处是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越深；第四段中提到“Generalists, …, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections.( 多面手……知道很多广泛的主题，并能看到整个事物的联系)”说明当通才的优点往往对广泛的学科了解得很多，并从整体上来看其中的所有的联系。因此推断作者的观点是应该当一个通才。因此文章的标题应为“Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist（做一个通才，而不是专家）”。故选C。
三
Today’s students have a problem. They were born into a world where technology, smartphones, and immediate access to the Internet are hurting their ability to focus and changing the way they think.
Now teachers have a problem too. They find it particularly exhausting to ask students to read complex or long texts without taking regular breaks. Smartphones have clearly affected the younger generation, but how education should evolve for digital-native students
A common idea among teachers is that short is good. When students can’t seem to pay attention to long lectures, many teachers simply hack lessons into smaller patterns. In fact, students need time to engage with a topic once the teacher introduces it before moving on. Switching between small lessons too quickly could rob them of valuable comprehension.
There are also teachers who begin classes with meditation exercises to help their students focus. However, it turns out that any sort of “tech breaks” could counteract strong desires to multi task.
A 2018 study found that students aged between 10 and 24 tend to stay away from physical books. They prefer video as a source of information second only to teachers. Therefore, some tech-forward teachers choose platforms such as YouTube and Instagram. Asha Choksi, vice-president of global research at Pearson, gives the example of a teacher who films himself performing a science experiment and posts it to YouTube. When it is time for class, he uses the video to illustrate material in the textbook, which can seem boring to students.
Still, while those educators are embracing technology in the classroom to meet student’s needs, they also find value in traditional methods, and so suggest a “blended learning” approach. Direct instruction from them will never be replaced in their classes. Technology will be favored only when it improves a lesson in ways that are impossible offline.
Digital natives will continue to eagerly adopt new media. Teachers have no choice but to evolve. They are making an effort not only to ensure that students can take advantage of new technologies, but to teach students valuable skills that can help them think in a world constantly trying to distract them. Think of the Zuckerbergs, the Gates, the Jobs and all those pioneers in the tech world. They became successful not because they could code; it was because they could think.
63. What is the best title of this passage
A. Students’ Distracting from a Digital World. B. Teachers’ Learning for a Distracted Generation.
C. Students’ Learning for a Digital World. D. Education’s Evolving for a Distracted Generation.
64. According to the passage, which of the following statement is NOT TRUE
A. Teachers adopt short lectures, small lessons, which could be hard to understand sometimes.
B. Teachers employ meditation exercises to help students concentrate on class, which is of few effects.
C. Students aged between 10 and 24 don’t prefer physical books, so YouTube and Instagram may be a good choice.
D. Students aged between 10 and 24 prefer videos to teachers, so using video to explain textbooks is a popular way.
65. According to the article, a “blended learning” approach is suggested mainly because_______.
(1). the teacher’s authority remains unchallenged.
(2). technology is a useful supplement to textbooks.
(3). material in the textbook is too boring to most students.
(4). teachers want to change their traditional teaching methods.
A. (1)、(2) B. (2)、(3) C. (3)、(4) D. (1)、(4)
66. According to the author, a teacher’s top priority is ________.
A. to share as much knowledge with students as possible.
B. to encourage students to make full use of new technologies.
C. to help students develop their ability to think critically and creatively.
D. to instruct students to limit their use of smart phones and social media.
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今为了适应年轻一代被智能手机分心的影响，老师们也在学着改进自己的教学方式，文章列举了教师们所采取的一些方法和作者对此的看法。
63【答案】B主旨大意题。根据第二段“Now teachers have a problem too. They find it particularly exhausting to ask students to read complex or long texts without taking regular breaks. Smartphones have clearly affected the younger generation, but how education should evolve for digital-native students (现在老师们也遇到了问题。他们发现，要求学生阅读复杂或冗长的文本而不定期休息是特别令人疲惫的。智能手机显然影响了年轻一代，但数字原生学生的教育应该如何发展呢？)”结合文章主要说明了如今为了适应年轻一代被智能手机分心的影响，老师们也在学着改进自己的教学方式，文章列举了教师们所采取的一些方法和作者对此的看法。可知，B选项“分心一代的教师学习”最符合文章标题。故选B。
64【答案】D细节理解题。根据第五段中“A 2018 study found that students aged between 10 and 24 tend to stay away from physical books. They prefer video as a source of information second only to teachers.(2018年的一项研究发现，10岁至24岁的学生倾向于远离实体书。他们喜欢把视频作为仅次于老师的信息来源)”以及“Asha Choksi, vice-president of global research at Pearson, gives the example of a teacher who films himself performing a science experiment and posts it to YouTube. When it is time for class, he uses the video to illustrate material in the textbook, which can seem boring to students. (培生全球研究副总裁Asha Choksi举了一个例子，一位老师将自己进行科学实验的过程拍摄下来，并将其发布到YouTube上。上课的时候，他会用视频给课本上的内容配图，而学生们可能会觉得这些内容很无聊)”可知，D选项“10到24岁的学生更喜欢视频而不是老师，所以使用视频来解释教科书是一种流行的方式”不正确。故选D。
65【答案】A细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Still, while those educators are embracing technology in the classroom to meet student’s needs, they also find value in traditional methods, and so suggest a “blended learning” approach. Direct instruction from them will never be replaced in their classes. Technology will be favored only when it improves a lesson in ways that are impossible offline.(尽管这些教育者在课堂上拥抱技术以满足学生的需求，但他们也发现了传统方法的价值，因此提出了一种“混合学习”的方法。在他们的课堂上，他们的直接指令永远不会被取代。只有当技术以离线无法实现的方式促进课程时，它才会受到青睐)”可知，建议“混合学习”方法主要是因为教师的权威仍然没有受到挑战以及技术是教科书的有用补充。故选A。
66【答案】C推理判断题。根据最后一段中“They are making an effort not only to ensure that students can take advantage of new technologies, but to teach students valuable skills that can help them think in a world constantly trying to distract them. Think of the Zuckerbergs, the Gates, the Jobs and all those pioneers in the tech world. They became successful not because they could code; it was because they could think.(他们不仅努力确保学生能够利用新技术，还努力教授学生有价值的技能，帮助他们在这个不断试图分散他们注意力的世界中思考。想想扎克伯格、盖茨、乔布斯以及科技世界的所有先驱者。他们成功不是因为他们会编程，而是因为他们能够思考)”可推知，作者认为老师的首要任务是帮助学生培养批判性和创造性思维的能力。故选C。
四
A new research added brain degradation such as Alzheimer(阿尔兹海默症）to the growing list of effects of fine particles(微粒）. A study of 63 million adults older than 65 in the United States showed that from 2000 to 2016, first-time hospital admissions for Alzheimer's disease, and related diseases rose by 13 percent with every 5-microgram (per cubic meter of air) increase in annual concentrations of PM 2.5. Such particles are produced mainly during the burning of fossil fuels, especially coal and oil. The risk remained high even at concentrations below 12 micrograms per cubic meter, a level the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency currently considers safe.
“Our study builds on the small but clear evidence indicating that long-term PM 2.5 exposures are associated with an increased risk of worsening brain health, even at PM 2.5 concentrations well below the current national standards,” said Xiao Wu, a doctoral student in Harvard.
Antonella Zanobetti, a co-author of the study, said the new research results show that current U. S. regulations are inadequate to protect the aging American population, “highlighting the need for stricter standards and policies that help further reduce PM 2.5 concentrations and improve air quality overall”。
Women, white people, and urban populations, particularly in the Northeast, were particularly at risk, the research showed. The researchers figured that the increased effects on urban populations might be due to the “abundance of metal-bearing particles in the urban atmosphere, which have very smaller size and can access the brain directly”. They owe the increased risk to women and white people to longer life, which means the probability of death from other causes before developing Alzheimer is higher in men and nonwhites.
8. What can we learn about the new research in Paragraph 1
A. It proved PM 2.5 was caused by fossil fuel.
B. It aimed at improving the elders' brain health.
C. It showed Alzheimer was linked to air pollution.
D. It focused on the effect of PM 2.5 on environment.
9. What is the researchers' attitude towards the current U. S. PM 2.5 national standards
A. Supportive. B. Disapproving. C. Cautious. D. Ambiguous.
10. Why do women and white people have higher risk of brain health problems
A. They mainly live in cities.
B. They are in much worse condition.
C. They are affected by PM 2.5 more easily.
D. They live longer than men and nonwhites.
11. What's the purpose of the text
A. To present findings of a new research.
B. To call on us to protect the environment.
C. To analyze various reasons for Alzheimer.
D. To draw our attention to the elders' health.
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章展示了一项对阿尔兹海默症的新的研究的几个发现。
8【答案】C细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“A new research added brain degradation such as Alzheimer(阿尔兹海默症）to the growing list of effects of fine particles(微粒）．”（一项新的研究将阿尔茨海默氏症等大脑退化列入了不断增加的细颗粒影响名单。）和第二句“A study of 63 million adults older than 65 in the United States showed that from 2000 to 2016, first-time hospital admissions for Alzheimer's disease, and related diseases rose by 13 percent with every 5-microgram (per cubic meter of air) increase in annual concentrations of PM 2. 5.”（一项针对美国6300万65岁以上成年人的研究显示，从2000年到2016年，pm2.5的年浓度每增加5微克(每立方米空气)，首次因阿尔茨海默氏症和相关疾病住院的人数就增加了13%。）可知，研究表明阿尔茨海默病与空气污染有关。故选C。
9【答案】B观点态度题。根据第二段中的“Our study builds on the small but clear evidence indicating that long-term PM 2.5 exposures are associated with an increased risk of worsening brain health, even at PM 2.5 concentrations well below the current national standards”（我们的研究建立在少量但明确的证据之上，这些证据表明，即使PM 2.5浓度远低于当前的国家标准，长期接触PM 2.5也会增加大脑健康恶化的风险）可知，研究者对美国目前的PM 2.5国家标准并不赞同。故选B。
10【答案】D细节理解题。根据第四段第三句“They owe the increased risk to women and white people to longer life, which means the probability of death from other causes before developing Alzheimer is higher in men and nonwhites.”（女性和白人患病风险增加的原因是寿命延长，这意味着男性和非白人在患老年痴呆症之前死于其他原因的概率更高。）可知，因为女性和白人的寿命比男人和非白人更长，所以他们更容易患老年痴呆症。故选D。
11【答案】A目的意图题。根据第一段第一句“A new research added brain degradation such as Alzheimer(阿尔兹海默症）to the growing list of effects of fine particles(微粒）．”（一项新的研究将阿尔茨海默氏症等大脑退化列入了不断增加的细颗粒影响名单。）和第二句“A study of 63 million adults older than 65 in the United States showed that from 2000 to 2016, first-time hospital admissions for Alzheimer's disease, and related diseases rose by 13 percent with every 5-microgram (per cubic meter of air) increase in annual concentrations of PM 2. 5.”（一项针对美国6300万65岁以上成年人的研究显示，从2000年到2016年，pm2.5的年浓度每增加5微克(每立方米空气)，首次因阿尔茨海默氏症和相关疾病住院的人数就增加了13%。），第三段第一句“Antonella Zanobetti, a co-author of the study, said the new research results show that current U. S. regulations are inadequate to protect the aging American population”（这项研究的合著者Antonella Zanobetti说，新的研究结果表明，目前的美国法规不足以保护老龄化的美国人口）和第四段第一句“Women, white people, and urban populations, particularly in the Northeast, were particularly at risk, the research showed.”（研究显示，女性、白人和城市人口，尤其是东北部地区的人口，面临的风险尤其大。）可知，文章主要是为了展示新的研究的发现。故选A。
五
Many cars in advertisements, exhibits and at car sales in the United States are red, blue or green —but almost 75 percent of new cars sold in the United States are black, white, silver or gray.
Jackson is a reporter who writes about cars. He says the car colors Americans choose do not show dirt as much as the colors of other cars. He says that means the owners wash their cars less, saving money. And he notes some areas that are suffering from water shortages do not permit people to wash their cars often, if at all.
Dan Benton works for a company called Axalta, which makes supplies for international car makers. He says when white cars are sold by their owners, they often sell for higher amounts than cars of other colors. And he notes that white cars “absorb less energy" than cars of other colors. This means temperatures inside them are lower in warmer areas.
Dan Benton also says research at Monash University in Australia suggests that there is a lower risk of crashes during the day for white cars compared with darker ones.
Axalta says about 11 percent of cars sold in North America are red and 8 percent are blue. In South America, 10 percent of new cars sold are red.
Car buyers in other countries also like white. Jane Harrington works for PPG Industries, a company that makes paint for cars. She said in China, buyers say white makes a small car look bigger.
Green has become less popular. Dan Benton notes that in the mid 1990s, “green was the most popular color in North America. Today, green is hard to find."
Sometime in the future, people may not have to choose the color of their car - technology may let owners change their car's paint color anytime.
32. According to Jackson, Americans favor cars of black mostly because they________.
A. stand washing B. don't look dirty
C. are environmentally friendly D. aren't in need of cleaning often
33. What does the underlined word "they" in Paragraph 3 refer to
A. White cars. B. Black cars. C. Car sellers. D. Car makers.
34. Who thinks that white seems to add the inside space of a car
A. Dan Benton. B. Jane Harrington. C. Australians. D. Chinese.
35. What could be the most suitable title for the text
A. Cares Are Different in Style
B. Colors Increase a Car's Popularity
C. What Are the Colors of Choice for Cars
D. What Type of Car Sells Well in the Market
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲人们选车颜色的喜好及不同颜色的优势。
32【答案】B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He says the car colors Americans choose do not show dirt as much as the colors of other cars.( 他说，美国人选择的汽车颜色不像其他颜色汽车显得那么脏)”可知，美国人喜欢黑色汽车主要是因为黑色不显脏。故选B。
33【答案】A词句猜测题。根据划线词上文中的“when white cars…”及下文“…white cars “absorb less energy" ”可推知，划线词指代的是“white cars”。故选A。
34【答案】D细节理解题。根据第六段“She said in China, buyers say white makes a small car look bigger.(她说，在中国，买家说白色让小车看起来更大)”可知，中国人认为白色让车看起来空间更大。故选D。
35【答案】C主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Sometime in the future, people may not have to choose the color of their car - technology may let owners change their car's paint color anytime.(在未来的某个时候，人们可能不必选择自己汽车的颜色——技术可能会让车主随时改变自己汽车的油漆颜色)”及文章介绍的人们选车颜色的喜好可知本文主要围绕“车颜色的选择”展开。由此可知，选项C. What Are the Colors of Choice for Cars ( 汽车颜色的选择有哪些？)概括最为全面。故选C。
六
China successfully sent the 52nd and 53rd satellites of its domestically developed BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS)—the last two medium Earth orbit (MEO) satellites for the BDS-3 constellation (星座)—into space on Monday, marking the completion of the global navigation system’s core constellation deployment (部署) and this year’s BDS satellite launch campaign.
Launched from Xichang Satellite Launch Center, Sichuan Province, on board a Long March-3B carrier rocket with an Expedition-1 upper stage, the two satellites were injected into planned orbits after more than three hours’ flight.
Since the first BDS-3 satellite was launched on November 5, 2017, China has conducted 18 BDS satellite launch missions, successfully sending 30 into their planned orbit, setting a national record for highest mission frequency and success rate.
In-orbit tests will be carried out before the two MEO satellites are commissioned (正式委托). By then the core constellation for the Chinese global navigation satellite system will be successfully completed.
Wang Ping, chief designer of the BDS-3 system, said that the hybrid constellation design, in which three groups of satellites—the Inclined Geo Synchronous Orbit (IGSO), MEO and geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO)—work in concert in different orbits, was an exclusive BDS innovation and a world first. “Existing global navigation satellite systems, such as the US GPS and Russia’s GLONASS, only have a MEO satellite constellation,” said Wang.
The MEO satellites, in orbit 20,000 kilometers above Earth, are a special type of satellite providing global service, while the IGSO and GEO satellites, in an orbit 360,000 kilometers above Earth, mainly enhance regional service quality, according to Wang. That explained why completion of the MEO constellation was significant, marking the completion of the core network for BDS-3, meaning a stable BDS-3 global coverage without weak points has been carried out.
Feedback shows that the BDS service quality was already comparable to GPS since the end of 2018 and after completing BDS-3, “We will be as good as any GNSS.” Wang said.
28. How many BDS satellites were sent into their planned orbit successfully
A. 3. B. 18. C. 30. D. 36.
29. What’s the advantage of BDS compared with GPS and GLONASS
A. The diverse functions.
B. The excellent service quality.
C. The lower cost of designing it.
D. The ability to work in different orbits.
30 Why are the MEO satellites important
A. They enhance regional service quality.
B. They can be put into use immediately.
C. They can enter farther orbits.
D. They can serve the world.
31. What may be the best title for the text
A. China Becomes the First Country to Launch a MEO Satellite
B. The Core Constellation of BDS-3 Completes Deployment
C. The BDS-3 System Has Benefited Many Countries
D. Exploring Space Is Very Important to the World
【分析】本文是说明文。文章讲述中国成功发射自主研发的第52和53颗北斗导航卫星，完成全球导航系统的核心部署，并对北斗导航系统进行了介绍。
28【答案】C细节理解题。根据第三自然段中“Since the first BDS-3 satellite was launched on November 5, 2017, China has conducted 18 BDS satellite launch missions, successfully sending 30 into their planned orbit”（ 自2017年11月5日发射第一颗北斗三号卫星以来，中国已成功执行18次北斗卫星发射任务，将30颗卫星送入计划轨道）可知已经有30颗北斗卫星被送入计划轨道。故选C。
29【答案】D细节理解题。根据第三自然段中“…the hybrid constellation design, in which three groups of satellites—the Inclined Geo Synchronous Orbit (IGSO), MEO and geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO)—work in concert in different orbits, was an exclusive BDS innovation…”（将倾斜地球同步轨道(IGSO)、中轨卫星(MEO)和地球同步轨道(Geo)三组卫星在不同轨道协同工作的混合星设计，是北斗系统的独家创新）和“Existing global navigation satellite systems, such as the US GPS and Russia’s GLONASS, only have a MEO satellite constellation,”（ 现有的全球卫星导航系统，如美国的GPS和俄罗斯的GLONASS，只有中轨卫星。）可知只有北斗拥有不同轨道协同工作能力。故选D。
30【答案】D细节理解题。根据第六自然段中“The MEO satellites, in orbit 20,000 kilometers above Earth, are a special type of satellite providing global service, while the IGSO and GEO satellites, in an orbit 360,000 kilometers above Earth, mainly enhance regional service quality, according to Wang. That explained why completion of the MEO constellation was significant.”（ 据王介绍，在地球上空2万公里轨道上运行的MEO卫星是提供全球服务的特殊卫星类型，而在地球上空36万公里轨道上运行的IGSO和GEO卫星主要提高区域服务质量。这就解释了中MEO星座的完成为何意义重大）可知MEO卫星提供全球服务, 意义重大。故选D。
31【答案】B主旨大意题。根据第一段“China successfully sent the 52nd and 53rd satellites of its domestically developed BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS)—the last two medium Earth orbit (MEO) satellites for the BDS-3 constellation (星座)—into space on Monday, marking the completion of the global navigation system’s core constellation deployment (部署) and this year’s BDS satellite launch campaign.”中国于本周一成功地将其国内研制的北斗导航卫星系统（BDS）的第52颗和第53颗卫星（BDS-3星的最后两颗中轨卫星）送入太空，标志着全球导航系统的核心星座部署和今年的北斗导航卫星的完成启动活动。所以短文的最佳标题为“BDS-3的核心星座完成部署”。故选B。
七
Standing desks have become common across Silicon Valley, offering health benefits to those willing to work on their feet. However, due to their high price, they have failed to catch on until now. Recently, Ikea has brought out Bekant convertible(可变换的) standing desk that can become a normal desk at the touch of a button. The $500 adjustable desk can transform from a standard desk to a standing one, and Ikea hopes it could make the standing desk mainstream.
Experts say that changing from a seated to a standing desk can improve productivity. Similar desks have become a common sight at tech firms such as Google, where some employees have even installed treadmill (跑步机) and bicycle desks.
The desk is not the first "convertible" on the market. As early as 2013, Stir Kinect brought out an adjustable desk. The $3,890 Stir Kinect desk has a motor to raise and lower itself, changing it into a standing desk or a traditional desk. The desk can even be programmed to move up and down slightly, making it appear to take a gentle breath to remind the user to change their positions. To move between sitting and standing positions, owners simply double tap on the screen. The desk can learn the user's preferences over time and suggest the best seating position.
The Stir Kinect desk was created by a team of ex-Apple and Disney engineers. It has a built-in touch screen to control and track movement, and can tell users exactly how many calories they burn by standing during their working day. It also has devices containing power points and USB ports for charging phones, to keep cables hidden.
"Ikea's height-adjustable desk is great for opening up the lower end of the market, " said JP Labrosse, founder and CEO of Stir.
8. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text
A. Before Bekant desk, similar adjustable desks have been widely used.
B. The seated desks will take the place of the standing desks in the future.
C. Compared to the Stir Kinect desk, the Bekant desk is much cheaper.
D. The adjustable desks were designed by the Apple and Disney Company.
9. The Stir Kinect desk ________.
A. can breathe in and breathe out by pressing the button once
B. can charge phones by using a device containing power point
C. can tell you how many calories you need for a walk
D. can advise you to do more exercise at a proper time
10. What can we infer from the last sentence given by JP Labrosse
A. Ikea's adjustable desk will be popular with average people.
B. Ikea will have to sell furniture at a lower price in the future.
C. This height adjustable table can only be found in Ikea.
D. It is not necessary for Ikea to open up the market at all.
11. What is the text mainly about
A. Ikea has brought out an adjustable standing desk.
B. Silicon Valley offered health benefits to officials.
C. Google formed their tech firms to design bicycle desks.
D. The Stir Kinect desk will become mainstream in the market.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍宜家最近生产的一款可调节的“standing desk”
8【答案】C细节理解题。由第一段“the $500 adjustable desk can transform from a standard desk to a standing one”可知Bekant价值$500，由第三段“The $3,890 Stir Kinect desk has a motor to raise and lower itself”可知Stir Kinect desk价值$3,890，对比可知Bekan要更加便宜。故选择C项。
9【答案】B细节理解题。有第四段最后一句可知“It also has devices containing power points and USB ports for charging phones, to keep cables hidden.”（它还拥有包含电源点和usb端口充电的设备，以隐藏电缆）可知这款桌子能给手机充电。故选择B项。
10【答案】A推理判断题。由最后一段“"Ikea's height-adjustable desk is great for opening up the lower end of the market”（ 宜家的这款可调节的桌子有助于打开低端市场）可知这款桌子会受普通人的欢迎。故选择A项。
11【答案】A主旨大意题。本文为总分结构的文章，主题围绕第一段“Recently, Ikea has brought out Bekant convertible(可变换的) standing desk that can become a normal desk at the touch of a button”（最近，宜家已经生产了一款可变换的，只要按一下按钮就可以变成普通桌子的standing desk）展开，后边几段也都是介绍了这款桌的性能和竞争力。故选择A项。
八
There’s no doubt that one of the greatest human achievements is the exploration of the space. Ever since astronaut Yuri Gagarin became the first person to be sent into the orbit around the moon in 1961, scientists have been pushing the boundaries further and further. But until now the exploration into the unknown has been dominated (主导) by men.
Of course, in the past, women were also included in the space projects and played an active role on the ground and behind the scenes. For example, they worked as seamstresses (女裁缝师), sewing vital spaceflight components. In fact, many of NASA’s key works would never have been possible without them. Recently Hollywood produced a movie called Hidden Figures to focus on a group of American female mathematicians, especially the black women, who helped NASA send the first American into space. But this was not women’s only contribution. Back in 1963, Soviet astronaut Valentina Tereshkova became the first woman to be sent into space. However, after that, space flight programs were slow to employ women. In the USA. NASA didn’t accept applications from women to become astronauts until 1978.
But attitudes have changed and leading officials at NASA say that the first person to set foot on Mars should be a woman. The space agency aims to have a sex-balanced workforce but can only achieve that if equal numbers of men and women are trained for science and technology jobs. As Allison McIntryre told the BBC, “My director is a woman. We have female astronauts. We haven’t put a woman on the moon yet. And I think that perhaps the first person to step on Mars should be a woman.”
12. What did Yuri Gagarin do in 1961
A. He landed on the moon in success.
B. He discovered many new boundaries.
C. He led scientists to explore the moon.
D. He made the first journey into the space.
13. Why does the author mention the film Hidden Figures
A. To show women are the true heroes of NASA’s first launch.
B. To stress that black people have won equal rights in NASA.
C. To prove women can do as well as men in NASA’ projects.
D. To present women’s contributions to NASA’s space programs.
14. What is Allison McIntryre’s attitude toward women astronauts
A. Uncaring. B. Disapproving.
C. Supportive. D. Disappointed.
15. What is the best title for the text
A. Will the First Person to Step on Mars Be a Woman
B. Great Achievements Have Been Made in Space Exploration
C. Why Men Played an Important Role in Exploring the Unknown
D. Men and Women Have Made Equal Contributions to NASA’s Projects
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。虽然太空探索迄今为止主要由男性主导，但是女性也一直在默默地发挥着重要作用。NASA也准备让女性在太空探索中走向前台，女性甚至可能成为登陆火星的第一人。
12【答案】D细节理解题。根据第一段中的Ever since astronaut Yuri Gagarin became the first person to be sent into the orbit around the moon in 1961, scientists have been pushing the boundaries further and further. (自从1961年宇航员尤里·加加林成为第一个进入月球轨道的人以来，科学家们就一直在不断地突破这一极限)可知，1961年，尤里加加林成为第一个完成太空旅行的人。故选D。
13【答案】D推理判断题。根据第二段中的In fact, many of NASA’s key works would never have been possible without them. (事实上，如果没有她们，NASA的许多重要工作都是不可能完成的)然后举例Recently Hollywood produced a movie called Hidden Figures to focus on a group of American female mathematicians, especially the black women, who helped NASA send the first American into space.(最近，好莱坞制作了一部名为《隐藏的数字》的电影，讲述一群美国女数学家的故事，尤其是黑人女性，她们帮助美国宇航局将第一位美国人送入太空)可知，作者提到《隐藏人物》这部电影是为了举例说明在太空探索这一领域，女性曾做出过重大贡献。故选D。
14【答案】C推理判断题。根据最后一段中的My director is a woman. We have female astronauts. We haven’t put a woman on the moon yet. And I think that perhaps the first person to step on mars should be a woman.(我的主管是位女士。我们有女宇航员。我们还没有把女人送上月球。我认为第一个踏上火星的人应该是女人)可知，Allison Mclntyre不但认可自己的女性上司，也支持女性成为第一个登上火星的人。A. Uncaring.不关心的；B. Disapproving.不同意；C. Supportive.支持的；D. Disappointed.失望的。故选C。
15【答案】A主旨大意题。根据全文、尤其是最后一段But attitudes have changed and leading officials at NASa say that the first person to set foot on Mars should be a woman. The space agency aims to have a sex-balanced workforce but can only achieve that if equal numbers of men and women are trained for science and technology jobs.(但人们的态度已经发生了变化，美国宇航局的主要官员表示，第一个踏上火星的人应该是一名女性。航天局的目标是建立一个性别平衡的劳动力队伍，但只有在同等数量的男性和女性接受过科学技术工作培训的情况下才能实现这一目标)可知，尽管NASA官员已经表态希望女性成为登陆火星的第一人，但是由于女性在接受相关科技教育等方面存在的问题，NASA宣示的目标能否实现还是一个未知数。由此可知，A. Will the First Person to Step on Mars Be a Woman (第一个登上火星的人会是女人吗？)适合做本文最佳标题。故选A。
九
Scientists called for wide-ranging research into whether more volcanoes, earthquakes and landslides could be triggered by rising global temperatures under global warming. Significant warming of’ the atmosphere in the distant past can be linked to changes- in geological activity, they say. Suggestions that climate change predicted for coming decades could bring similar changes remain speculative(猜测性的), but the scientists say there is enough evidence to take the threat seriously. Some experts have already linked current levels of global warming lo landslides in mountain regions.
Richard Betts, a researcher at the Met Office Hadley Centre, said, “This is a new interesting academic arena. It was previously assumed there was no link between climate change and geological events, but it is possible to speculate that climate change might make some more likely. If we do get large amounts of climate change in the long term, then we might see some impacts.”
Experts say global warming could affect geological risks because of the way it can move large amounts of mass around on the Earth’s surface. Melting glaciers and rising sea levels shift the distribution of huge amounts of water,which release and increase pressures through the ground. These pressure changes could make geological shifts more likely. Research from Germany suggests that the Earth’s surface can sometimes be so close to failure that tiny changes in its pressure can trigger quakes.
Writing in a special series of scientific papers on the topic published by the Royal Society, Bill MecGuire, head of the Benfield Hazard Research Centre at University College London, says, “In relation to man-made climate change, modeling studies and speculation of current trends point towards increased rink in relation to a range of geological rinks in a warmer world, while observations suggest that ongoing rise in global average temperatures may already be resulting in a risky response from the geosphere(陆界).”
12. According to the passage, which aspect probably results in geological activities
A. Global temperatures. B. Human activities.
C. Water levels. D. Global warming.
13. What’s the idea of Richard Betts？
A. Research in global warming features something new and interesting.
B. The impacts of climate change in the long term are invisible.
C. Climate change is bound to trigger geological event8.
D. Geological events are not related to climate change.
14. How could geological risks be affected
A. By making the distribution of waters equal.
B. By causing the surface covered by sea water.
C. By changing the pressure of the Earth’s surface.
D. By leading to the occurrence of extreme weather.
15. what is the best title for the passage？
A. One Well-known Assumption
B. Speculation on Global Warming
C. An Inspiring Scientific Discovery
D. A Possible Element in Geological Risks
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了专家认为全球变暖可能导致地质活动风险。
12【答案】D推理判断题。根据第一段中“Significant warming of’ the atmosphere in the distant past can be linked to changes- in geological activity, they say. (他们说，在遥远的过去，大气的显著变暖可能与地质活动的变化有关。)”可知，全球变暖可能导致地质活动。故选D项。
13【答案】A细节理解题。根据第二段中“This is a new interesting academic arena. (这是一个有趣的新的学术领域。)”可知，Richard Betts认为关于全球变暖的研究有一些新的有趣的特点。故选A项。
14【答案】C细节理解题。根据第三段中“Experts say global warming could affect geological risks because of the way it can move large amounts of mass around on the Earth’s surface. Melting glaciers and rising sea levels shift the distribution of huge amounts of water,which release and increase pressures through the ground. These pressure changes could make geological shifts more likely. (专家表示，全球变暖可能会影响地质风险，因为它会在地球表面移动大量物质。融化的冰川和上升的海平面改变了大量水的分布，释放并增加了通过地面的压力。这些压力的变化可能使地质变化更有可能发生。)”可知，地质风险通过改变地球表面的压力而受到影响。故选C项。
15【答案】D主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Scientists called for wide-ranging research into whether more volcanoes, earthquakes and landslides could be triggered by rising global temperatures under global warming. (科学家们呼吁对全球变暖导致的全球气温上升是否会引发更多火山、地震和滑坡进行广泛的研究。)”，第三段中“Experts say global warming could affect geological risks because of the way it can move large amounts of mass around on the Earth’s surface. (专家表示，全球变暖可能会影响地质风险，因为它会在地球表面移动大量物质。)”以及最后一段中“while observations suggest that ongoing rise in global average temperatures may already be resulting in a risky response from the geosphere(陆界). (而观察表明，全球平均气温的持续上升可能已经导致了地质圈的危险反应。)”可知，本文主要介绍了专家认为全球变暖可能导致地质活动风险，因此本文的最佳标题选项D “地质风险中的一个可能因素”符合题意。故选D项。

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