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(共24张PPT)
Unit 1 Laugh Out Loud!
P3 Grammar
Non-defining attributive clasuses
a I walk through the doors into the waiting area, where there's a familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension.
b ...laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better, which means clown doctors can be helpful.
c I spent much of the time when I was there feeling frightened...
Look at the sentences from the reading passages and answer the questions.
a clause with essential information
What do “where”, “which”and “when” refer to in each sentences
Which sentences contain a clause with essential information and which with extra information
If you take away the clauses, do the sentences still make sense
Which clauses are separated by a comma, the ones with essential information or the ones with extra information
The meaning of sentence c is incomplete.
clauses with extra information
Sentences a and b still make sense.
Now let’s read more examples.
1. People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs, looking through old magazines, all of which have been read hundreds of times previously.
2. I speak with the on-duty nurse, who tells me that Lara's parents rushed her to the hospital after she fell off her bicycle.
3. We have to be very sensitive and work closely with the doctors and nurses, who keep us updated on each patient.
Have A L k
1. People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs, looking through old magazines, all of ________ have been read hundreds of times previously.
2. I speak with the on-duty nurse, _____ tells me that Lara's parents rushed her to the hospital after she fell off her bicycle.
3. We have to be very sensitive and work closely with the doctors and nurses, _____keep us updated on each patient .
Fill in the blanks with who or which.
which
who
who
go
Ready
1. 了解非限制性定语从句中关系词的使用规则及其与限制性定语从句的异同;
2. 能够正确理解并运用非限制性定语从句。
Focus on
重点关注
非限制性定语从句
Non-defining attributive clasuses
(1) St Petersburg, which is a very beautiful city, was once called Leningrad.
(2) Yesterday I met Li Ping, who seemed to be very busy.
(3) He came to the United States in 1914, when World WarⅠbroke out.
(4) Singapore, where I have lived for ten years, is a nice place.
(5) The Queen will visit the town in May, when she will open the new hospital.
1. 同限制性定语从句一样，非限制性定语从句也可由关系代词/关系副词引导，但从句中的关系词不可省略，关系代词that和关系副词why不可用于非限制性定语从句。
(1) Beijing, which is the capital of China, has a very long history.
(2) This is New York, which I have visited for several times.
(3) He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
(4) He was late again, which made the teacher very unhappy.
注：which引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词可以是主句中的一个名词（指物），也可以是整个句子；which在从句中可作主语、宾语或定语等。
which指Beijing，在从句中作主语
which指New York, 在从句作宾语，不可省略
which指前面的整个主句, 在从句作主语
which指前面的整个主句，在从句作主语
as 可以像which 一样引导一个定语从句修饰整个先行主句，而不是某一个单词，常常可以译为“正如，正像；这”，而which 一般译为“这”；
as是关系词中唯一可以置于句首的关系词。
(1) Taiwan belongs to China, as is known.
众所周知，台湾是属于中国的。
(2) Things will turn out contrary to one's wishes, as/which is often the case.
事与愿违，这是常有的事。
(3) As the saying goes, “A year's work begins with Spring.”
正如俗语所说，一年之计在于春。
2. 介词+ 关系代词也可引导非限制性定语从句
但在这种定语从句中，介词通常前置，关系代词也不可省略。
(1) The car, for which I paid a lot of money, is now out of date.
(2) I suggest you go to a specialist, from whom you can get answers to most of your questions.
(3) In this chapter, one of our problems is to discover the principles on which these tests are based.
3. 名词/代词/ 数词+ of + whom/which引导的非限制性定语从句。
注：whose+ n. (人/物)
= the + n. + of whom/which
= of whom/which + the + n.
(1) Many young people, most of whom were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. (2016江苏，23)
(2) This is the house, the window of which broke last night.
(3) The people, all of whose homes had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.
(= whose window = of which the window)
(1) I saw the guy who delivers my mail in town yesterday.
(2) I'll always remember the river where we learned to swim.
(3) Do you know the reason why the sky is blue
(4) She's the person whose daughter goes to Harvard.
Group 1: Defining Attributive Clauses
Group 2: Non-defining Attributive Clauses
(1) Paris, where I spent six months studying, is the most beautiful city in the world.
(2) The woman down the street, whose children are the same age as yours, invited us over for dinner next week.
(3) The movie, which is my favorite comedy of all time, is being shown on TV tomorrow night.
which guy
which river
the reason for what
which person
若去掉，句子含义不明确
若去掉，不影响句子含义
无逗号与主句隔开
有逗号与主句隔开
Read and Discuss
What's the differences between defining attributive clauses and non-defining attributive clauses
(1) This is the photo_____________ I took.
(2) This is the pen ______________ he bought yesterday.
(3) She is the woman _______________ I know.
(4) This is the book _____________ you asked for.
(5) That's the reason _______ he is leaving so early.
(6) The shed in our garden, _________ my father built many years ago, has lasted for a long time.
(7) She married Joe, ________ surprised everyone.
(8) The river, ________ is now clean enough to swim in, was polluted several years ago.
(9) The author of the book, ________ I met at a party last week, proved to be a well-known journalist.
Fill in the blanks and compare.
(which/that)
(which/that)
(who/whom/that)
(that/which)
why
which
which
which
whom
(1) This is the photo_____________ I took.
(2) This is the pen ____________ he bought yesterday.
(3) She is the woman ______________ I know.
(4) This is the book _____________ you asked for.
(5) That's the reason _______ he is leaving so early.
(which/that)
(which/that)
(who/whom/that)
(that/which)
why
(6) The shed in our garden, ________ my father built many years ago, has lasted for a long time.
(7) She married Joe, ________ surprised everyone.
(8) The river, ________ is now clean enough to swim in, was polluted several years ago.
(9) The author of the book, ________ I met at a party last week, proved to be a well-known journalist.
which
which
which
whom
引导词对比小结
1)关系代词that不能引导非限制性定语从句；
2)非限制性定语从句的关系代词在任何情况下都不可省略；
3)关系副词why不引导非限制性定语从句。
Fill in the blanks and compare.
Translate the following sentences and compare.
(1) Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
Charles Smith 去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
(2) They rely on themselves, which is much better.
他们依靠自己，这样好的多。
(3) My sister who works in Shanghai sends me an email almost every day.
我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。
(4) He is the man whose car was stolen.
他就是汽车被窃的那个人。
Translate the following sentences and compare.
(1) Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
Charles Smith 去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
(2) They rely on themselves, which is much better.
他们依靠自己，这样好的多。
(3) My sister who works in Shanghai sends me an email almost every day.
我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。
(4) He is the man whose car was stolen.
他就是汽车被窃的那个人。
翻译对比小结
1)非限制性定语从句通常译成主句的并列句；
2)限制性定语从句译成先行词的定语：“……的 ”。
, where
2
P5
Check your answers!
, which will
, where / through which
you can learn a lot.
, where you've
Read the passage and rewrite the tips using non-defining attributive clauses. Add more tips to the list if you can.
has lost his patience by now
he thinks will impress Holmes
is lying next to him
he finds annoying
3
P5
Complete the joke with the sentence parts in the box using who / which and commas where appropriate.
Check your answers!
, who is lying next to him.
, which he finds annoying
, which he thinks will impress Holmes. But
, who has lost his patience by now, shouts,
Complete the following sentences with correct words.
1. (2019全国卷Ⅱ)Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, _______ she opened with her late husband Les.
2. (2018北京卷)She and her family bicycle to work, ____ helps them keep fit.
A. which B. who C. as D. that
which
直击高考
A Reflection from a Teenager
What's yours
1. The famous basketball star, ____ is an American, came to China yesterday.
2. They are always smoking, _____, of course, will do harm to their health.
3. I bought a car yesterday, _____ cost me a lot.
which
which
who
Quiz I: Fill in the blanks with proper
relative words.
4. Xi'an, ______ I visited last year, is a nice old city.
5. He will come to see me next July, _____ he won't be so busy.
6. The school, ______ I once studied, was built thirty years ago.
which
where
when
Quiz II: Complete the passage with relative pronouns and adverbs.
where
whose
which
whose
which
which
who
which
when
why
1. What do you know about the use of non-defining attributive clauses
2. Can you tell the differences between the defining and non-defining attributive clauses Can you use them properly
Self-evaluation
各个击破
Homework
Complete your own mind map about the attributive clauses.
2. Finish the exercises
of the Grammar
part in Learning
English.

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