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高中英语名校精选阅读理解专项训练
专题15.（20套精选含答案）
阅读理解专练281
（2022·辽宁·沈阳市第一二〇中学高三阶段练习）Courage is a highly admired virtue. When asked to describe courage, most people conjure up（脑中浮现）the image of an individual running into a burning building, or maybe a hero saving the world. But there's another form of bravery that's much more important because it comes up more often. It's called moral courage.
Moral courage is the ability that allows us to face our fears and to conquer our darkest fears. It's the ability to face the future without knowing what is certain. It's the ability to stand tall and confront those who oppose us, those who prevent us from realizing who we are and what we are. But most importantly, it's the ability to stand up for what's right, even though there are risks that stand in your way. Sara Anderson once said that “It takes great courage to faithfully follow what we know to be true.”
The potential of showing moral courage has the power of changing the world. It was because of the moral courage that Mahatma Gandhi was able to make India free from British rule. He fought bravely against them without the use of any weapon by presenting great moral courage. In this way, he also became a great example for the people of the whole world. It is not that we remember Gandhi because of his body or beauty. We remember him because of the great ideas and principles of his life.
Moral courage is essential not only for a noble life, but a happy one. Without moral courage, we have no control over our lives. Our fears destroy our spirit and make us trapped in depression. Mark Twain said, “Courage is not the absence of fear but the resistance of fear, the mastery of fear.” If our fears cause us to lose confidence in the power of virtue, we will lose something very precious.
People with moral courage rarely get medals, but it is the best marker of true character and a virtue others can be proud of. We must try to develop the power of moral courage that will surely help in ending injustice and wrong and grant us a better world.
1．What is the main function of paragraph 1
A．To make a comparison. B．To propose a definition.
C．To provide the background. D．To introduce the subject.
2．What does the example of Mahatma Gandhi tell us
A．Moral courage restricts great ideas and principles.
B．Moral courage makes people faithfully follow the truth.
C．Moral courage is essential for leading a happy life.
D．Moral courage can make a difference to the world.
3．What can be inferred from Mark Twain's words
A．Courage is a spirit to overcome the fear. B．Courage is being brave without any fear.
C．Having a fear can limit our future lives. D．Fear can stop us from achieving our goals.
4．What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph
A．To end injustice and wrong. B．To strengthen moral courage.
C．To pursue excellent virtues. D．To create a better world.
阅读理解专练282
（2022·山西运城·高三开学考试）If you’re tired and find yourself with that rare spare chunk of time, should you he using it to swing kettlcbells or get more sleep It’s a question most people have faced. Who isn’t a little sleep-deprived (被剥夺的) Who doesn’t need more exercise Who has time for both
The answer is a bit complicated. Obviously, both sleep and exercise are vital, and ideally, adults should make time for both. Getting the recommended seven hours a night is important for metabolic (新陈代谢的) function, weight regulation and brain health. Inadequate amount or quality of sleep is associated with both short-and long-term poor health measures, increasing the risk for heart disease, memory problems, etc. Consistent physical exercise yields similar benefits and, just like not getting enough sleep, failing to exercise can have serious health consequences. Exercise can improve deep sleep, and sleeping better enhanced the ability to exercise the next day.
Because both are so critical for health, medical experts hesitate to say one is more important than the other. However, there is a key differentiator (区分点) between the two: “We have a biological need to sleep — it’s a behavior we must do every day,” says Christopher. “Physical activity, on the other hand, is definitely beneficial for health, but being less active for a few days here and there doesn’t have the same negative health impact as having stall sleep for days.” In other words, skipping workouts, while not ideal, won’t stop you from operating, whereas being sleep deprived definitely will. Too little sleep or poor-quality sleep can impact mood, au d increase anxiety and depression symptoms.
In order to stay somewhat active without sacrificing sleep, the trick may be to look for non-traditional ways to get physical activity. Washing dishes, making beds, keeping the kid in their baby carriage and going for a quick jog—it all counts, and none of it requires skipping sleep.
5．What’s the first paragraph mainly about
A．Tips on how to balance exercise and sleep.
B．A common problem that occurs in daily life.
C．The relationship between sleep and workout
D．The ways to get more sleep instead of exercise.
6．According to the passage, what risk may adults face if they lack enough sleep
A．Hair loss. B．Lung cancer.
C．Total blindness. D．Heart failure.
7．What can be inferred from paragraph 3
A．Workouts mater more than enough sleep.
B．More physical activities ban lead to health problems
C．Sleeping too little for long can surely cause consequences.
D．Being less active for long has more negative impact than lack of sleep.
8．Which of the following seems to be favored by the author
A．Working out by doing housework.
B．Giving up sleep to go for a quick jog.
C．Getting enough exercise before sleeping.
D．Leaving the baby alone in their baby carriage.
阅读理解专练283
（2022·江苏·泰州中学高三开学考试）Since the early to mid-2010s, social media apps have made a permanent home in many people’s phones, and spending time on social media has become as much of a daily activity as drinking water. Since so many people are on it for much of their days — especially kids, teens, and young adults — there is increased concern over what social media is doing to people.
Many argue that social media is an unhealthy way to pass the time, and that false information from online is causing confusion and panic. This type of thing happens with every generation when something new that people don’t understand comes along. So many people thought rock-and-roll was making teens morally bad, which really wasn’t the case. It is fair to say that the teenage years are hard, and that teens need an escape. Back before phones, teens would listen to rock music as a form of escapism, or they would watch TV, go to the movies, skate around, or dress up in crazy clothes. Unfortunately, all of those things at one point in time were blamed for being a bad influence on young people. Social media is the new tuck-and-roll: it’s a new thing, and people demonize (妖魔化) change.
For example, many believe that everything on social media apps is filtered (加滤镜) and that seeing perfect people and their perfectly edited lives often leads to lots of negative emotions. However, models, magazines and movies have been using retouching (修整) tools for photos and media since Photoshop and other post-production services were invented. Social media has made it easier to see more edited pictures, but social media itself isn’t making people want to look a certain way. People should acknowledge that these pictures aren’t authentic, and the posts are made to look good on purpose. Social media is hot to blame for body confidence issues when the things people want to look like aren’t even real in the first place.
It seems like most issues around social media are user errors, like anyone complaining there are too many people being addicted to social media. However, not everyone is addicted to social media; people who have any grasp on reality wouldn’t spend every waking second on the phone. It is really up to the individual how they use social media. Keeping up with the flood of posts, stories, and photos takes a lot of time — many young people admit that they spend hours on their phones every day. Yet, this seems like an easy problem to solve when the solution is simply clicking off the phone a couple hours early. So it is clear that moderation is the key to dealing with all the issues around social media.
9．Why does the author mention “rock-and-roll” in Paragraph 2
A．To predict the future of social media.
B．To underline the advantages of social media.
C．To analyze why social media is so popular today.
D．To explain why social media is regarded as negative.
10．What does the author think of posting edited photos on social media apps
A．Disturbing. B．Understandable. C．Intolerable. D．Innovative.
11．What does the text suggest people do about social media
A．Make the best use of it.
B．Completely stay away from it.
C．Prohibit young people from using it.
D．Spend reasonable amounts of time on it.
12．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．What makes us so addicted to social media
B．Why is social media so popular among teenagers
C．Should we depend on social media for information
D．Is it right to blame social media for all the problems
阅读理解专练284
（2022·全国·高三开学考试）Diversity has always been a topic that arouses a wide range of reactions, from real enthusiasm (usually among the underrepresented) to eye-rolling or complete unfriendliness. However, over the following few years, not only did the representation of women on FTSE-100(富时100指数) boards more than double but the mindset shifted in the UK. This was no longer a special interest issue but everyone’s issue.
But we’re now at crossroads. The gender issue in particular is a well-worn subject but not yet one we have mastered. Yes, there are more female world leaders and company directors, but many women tell me they feel discouraged about their prospects. They can’t see the link between their own reality and gender equality efforts that often seem targeted at a narrow group of white, privileged and highly educated women, rather than at all women.
I am optimistic that the next breakthrough is within reach. Technology has changed how we work, communicate and mand & control power structures are rapidly breaking down, and emerging instead is a more inclusive notion of power. Leaders today need to be able to connect. This is good news for people who are empathetic, who are collaborative-qualities that are often described as feminine, although obviously men can exhibit them too.
Women of my generation who’ve made it to senior roles had to fit in with past practices to succeed. Today, we have an unprecedented opportunity to reinvent the rules, to create new ways of working, living and bringing up families. We no longer need to give in: instead, we can change the system.
But a new danger comes. The diversity agenda has gone off track and we need to remind ourselves of the basics again. Diversity is about being different, and inclusion is about welcoming those differences. Somehow that has become confused with the opposite notion, that valuing people as equals means preventing our differences.
13．What is people’s attitude towards diversity
A．Indifferent. B．Supportive. C．Negative. D．Divided.
14．Why do many women feel disappointed about their future
A．Because they can not enjoy gender equality.
B．Because the gender issue is a well-worn subject.
C．Because they have not mastered the gender issue.
D．Because there are more female company directors.
15．What can we infer from paragraphs 3&4
A．Ability to connect with others is crucial to leaders.
B．Women of my generations needn’t adapt to past practices.
C．Women instead of men are more empathetic and collaborative.
D．Command & control power structures are replacing inclusive ones.
16．What is the potential risk of gender equality
A．Welcoming differences. B．Lacking diversity.
C．Including unfairness. D．Causing unfriendliness.
阅读理解专练285
（2022·北京·高考真题）Quantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.
For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.
The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”
Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.
17．Regarding Johnson’s concerns, the author feels ________.
A．sympathetic B．unconcerned C．doubtful D．excited
18．What leads to Taylor’s optimism about quantum computing
A．His dominance in physics. B．The competition in the field.
C．His confidence in PyQuantum. D．The investment of tech companies.
19．What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean
A．Open. B．Cool. C．Useful. D．Resistant.
20．Which would be the best title for the passage
A．Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor
B．Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology
C．Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being
D．Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype
阅读理解专练286
（2022·北京交通大学附属中学高三开学考试）For several decades, there has been an extensive and organized campaign intended to generate distrust in science, funded by those whose interests and ideologies are threatened by the findings of modern science. In response, scientists have tended to stress the success of science. After all, scientists have been right about most things.
Stressing successes isn’t wrong, but for many people it’s not persuasive. An alternative answer to the question “Why trust science ” is that scientists use the so-called scientific method. If you’ve got a high school science textbook lying around, you’ll probably find that answer in it. But what is typically thought to be the scientific method — develop a hypothesis (假设), then design an experiment to test it — isn’t what scientists actually do. Science is dynamic: new methods get invented; old ones get abandoned; and sometimes, scientists can be found doing many different things.
If there is no identifiable scientific method, then what is the reason for trust in science The answer is how those claims are evaluated. The common element in modern science, regardless of the specific field or the particular methods being used, is the strict scrutiny (审查) of claims. It’s this tough, sustained process that works to make sure faulty claims are rejected. A scientific claim is never accepted as true until it has gone through a lengthy “peer review” because the reviewers are experts in the same field who have both the right and the obligation to find faults.
A key aspect of scientific judgment is that it is done collectively. No claim gets accepted until it has been vetted by dozens, if not hundreds, of heads. In areas that have been contested, like climate science and vaccine safety, it’s thousands. This is why we are generally justified in not worrying too much if a single scientist, even a very famous one, disagrees with the claim. And this is why diversity in science — the more people looking at a claim from different angles — is important.
Does this process ever go wrong Of course. Scientists are humans. There is always the possibility of revising a claim on the basis of new evidence. Some people argue that we should not trust science because scientists are “always changing their minds.” While examples of truly settled science being overturned are far fewer than is sometimes claimed, they do exist. But the beauty of this scientific process is that it explains what might otherwise appear paradoxical (矛盾的): that science produces both novelty and stability. Scientists do change their minds in the face of new evidence, but this is a strength of science, not a weakness.
21．What can we learn about the so-called scientific method
A．It’s an easy job to prove its existence.
B．It usually agrees with scientists’ ideas.
C．It hardly gets mixed with false theories.
D．It constantly changes and progresses.
22．What does the underlined word “vetted” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Examined B．Explained. C．Repeated. D．Released.
23．According to the passage, the author may agree that________.
A．it is not persuasive to reject those faulty claims
B．a leading expert cannot play a decisive role in a scrutiny
C．diversity in knowledge is the common element in science
D．settled science tends to be collectively overturned
24．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．Apply Your Mind to Science B．Explore A Dynamic Way to Science
C．Defend the Truth in Science D．Put Your Faith in Science
阅读理解专练287
（2022·湖南·高三阶段练习）As many office workers adapt to remote work, cities may undergo fundamental change if offices remain under-utilized. Who will benefit if working from home becomes the norm
Employers argue they make considerable savings on real estate when workers shift from office to home work. However, these savings result from passing costs on to workers.
Unless employees are fully compensated, this could become a variant of parasitic (变异的) capitalism, whereby corporate profits increasingly rely on extracting value from the public- and now personal- realm, rather than on generating new value.
Though employers are backed by a chorus of remote work advocates, others note the loneliness, reduced productivity and inefficiencies of extended remote work.
If working from home becomes permanent, employees will have to dedicate part of their private space to work. This requires purchasing desks, chairs and office equipment.
It also means having private space dedicated to work: the space must be heated, cleaned, maintained and paid for. That depends on many things, but for purposes of illustration, I have run some estimates for Montreal. The exercise is simple but important, since it brings these costs out of the realm of speculation into the realm of meaningful discussion.
Rough calculations show that the savings made by employers when their staff works from home are of similar value to the compensation workers should receive for setting up offices at home.
What does this mean for offices in cities One of two things may happen: Employers pass these costs onto employees. This would be a form of expropriation (侵占), with employees absorbing production costs that have traditionally been paid by the employer. This represents a considerable transfer of value from employees to employers.
When employees are properly compensated, employers’ real estate savings will be modest. If savings are modest, then the many advantages of working in offices-such as lively atmosphere, rapidity of communication, team-building and acclimatization (适应环境) of new employees-will encourage employers to shelve the idea of remote work and, like Yahoo in 2013, encourage employees to work most of the time from corporate office space.
25．What does the author say about working from home
A．It will become the norm sooner or later.
B．It requires employees to adapt promptly.
C．It benefits employers at the expense of employees.
D．It will force cities to transform their infrastructure.
26．Why do some people oppose working from home
A．It discourages team spirit.
B．It undermines traditional values.
C．It invades employees’ privacy.
D．It negatively impacts productivity.
27．Why did the author run the estimates for Montreal
A．To provide convincing data for serious discussion.
B．To illustrate the ongoing change in working patterns.
C．To show the impact of remote working on productivity.
D．To exemplify how remote working affects the economy.
28．What is the author’s opinion on working from home
A．It should be avoided if possible.
B．It is only a temporary measure.
C．It can reduce companies’ real estate costs.
D．It may affect employees’ corporate loyalty.
阅读理解专练288
（2022·江苏·扬州中学高三开学考试）In a classic episode of The Simpsons, Homer’s class reunion ends in shame when one of Homer’s guilty secrets is exposed: he never graduated from high school. To get his diploma, he must pass a science test. As he sits down to retake the exam, he holds one of his trademark dialogues with his brain. “All right, brain. You don’t like me and I don’t like you. But let’s just do this and I can get back to killing you with beer.”
Many a true word is spoken as a joke. Homer Simpson’s Everyman character really is an Everyman. For most people, engaging in the kind of effortful thinking that is required to pass a science test feels too much like hard work. It is so much easier to quit and let the brain’s autopilot take over.
And no wonder. Evolution has blessed the human brain with all kinds of mental shortcuts that make life manageable. If we had to think about every action or weigh up every decision, we would break down. As a result, certain ideas and modes of thinking come naturally to us, such as effortless thinking.
But at huge cost. Our mental shortcuts work fine at the level of individuals and small-scale societies, but in an increasingly interconnected and globalized world, they are a danger to society. Effortless thinking is at the root of many of the modern world’s most serious problems: terrorism, hatred, inequality and religious extremism. All are caused by people disengaging their critical thinking and going with their gut (非理性的) feeling.
Everybody is capable of gut feeling, but also of the critical thinking. Both thinking styles are needed to make the world go round. Unfortunately, the latter requires training that is unavailable or unappealing to many people.
One of the bright spots in 2017 was the start of a movement called the March For Science. Those who believe in the power of science need to keep on marching, or give more power to people who don’t much like their own brains — or other people’s.
29．What does the author want to convey through Homer’s story
A．Feeling is very important.
B．Drinking beer is harmful to one’s brain.
C．High school seniors should work hard.
D．Most people hate effortful thinking like Homer.
30．How do you read between the lines of the underlined sentence according to the passage
A．Most people would rather tell jokes than tell the truth.
B．Most people don’t want to toil through scientific tests.
C．Most people would love to have their brains controlled by a pilot.
D．Most people like Simpson’s ordinary character are willing to think simple.
31．What does the author think of critical thinking
A．It makes the world go round.
B．It needs necessary training.
C．It works fine at the level of personal affairs.
D．It leads to the March For Science in 2017.
32．What is the best title for the text
A．Critical Thinking Is Urgently Needed
B．Effortless Thinking Is Out of Date
C．We Need to March Towards Science
D．Thinking Contributes to Social Problems
阅读理解专练289
（2022·江西·贵溪市实验中学高三开学考试）The secret to happiness is keeping busy, research has found.Keeping the mind occupied with tasks—no matter how meaningless—keeps off negative emotions, the study found.
However, the bad news is that humans are seemingly born to be lazy in order to save energy, according to Professor Christoper Hsee, a behavioral scientist at Chicago University.
In a study, 98 students were asked to complete two surveys. After they had completed the first, they were made to wait 15 minutes to receive the next one. They were given a choice of either banding in the first survey nearby or at a more distant location they had to walk to. No matter which choice they made, they received a chocolate bar. It turned out that about two-thirds (68 students) chose the lazy option. Those who had taken the walk reported feeling happier than those who had stayed put (呆在原处).
Prof. Hsee concluded that keeping busy helped keep people happy. He said the findings, reported in the journal Psychological Science, might have an effect on policies.
“Governments may increase the happiness of idle citizens by having them build bridges that are actually useless,” he suggested.
As for ordinary people, he advised, “Get up and do something. Anything. Even if there really is no point to what you are doing, you will feel better for it.” He added, “Thinking deeply or engaging in self-reflection can be regarded as keeping busy, too.”
“You do not need to be running around, You just need to be engaged, either physically or mentally.”
33．Keeping busy can make people happy because ________.
A．it can help people get rid of laziness
B．it can make people sleep better
C．it can help get rid of negative emotions
D．it can give people a sense of achievement
34．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage
A．Policies may be influenced by the findings.
B．The officials have taken Prof. Hsee’s advice.
C．In the study half students handed in the first survey nearby.
D．Governments can increase citizens’ happiness by building bridges.
35．What can we infer from the passage
A．Everybody is born to be happy.
B．Only by keeping working all the time can you gain happiness.
C．Prof. Hsee’s finding was published in Psychological Science.
D．Keeping busy goes against human nature.
36．What is the best title for the passage
A．What is Happiness
B．The Secret of Happiness: Keeping Busy
C．The Finding of Research: Do What You Like
D．Take Life correctly
阅读理解专练290
（2022·浙江省淳安中学高三开学考试）When you buy something for yourself, you probably spend hours shopping around for the best deal on the highest quality product. Some of you may even desire to know how a brand operates as a company. However, when we donate money to one of the countless charities out there, most of us don’t conduct such research. We have absolutely no idea about where that money goes to, what it buys or who it helps. At least that is the case for the majority of charities. Perhaps you should start to take a greater interest in the winding path that your charitable donations take, because many of them may lead to dead ends.
You really should ask the question: will my donation to this charity actually help the people or cause Sometimes it makes matters worse. For example, many charities help African people install water pumps to deliver clean water to their communities. Money has been invested over the past 20 years to install a total of 60, 000 pumps across sub-Saharan Africa. However, today 40% of those have failed to work at some point. They have been left there, like expensive but useless decorations.
One of the least effective means of giving is when charity sends endless shipping containers full of material goods to underdeveloped nations. For instance, Kenya imports more than 100, 000 tons of clothes from global charities each year. The issue is that these mountains of regularly imported clothes have completely destroyed local textile industries, which have previously supported local economies.
Ultimately, to whom and how much you give is your choice. It is important to provide highly specialized services instead of material goods. As a general rule of thumb, the more your donation matches the need of the receivers, the better it will be for the long-term prosperity of those you want to help.
37．What do most people do when they donate
A．They keep track of their donations.
B．They neglect the process of charities.
C．They select products of highest quality.
D．They do research on application of funds.
38．Why is the example of water pumps mentioned in paragraph 2
A．To stress effective giving. B．To illustrate a fault investment.
C．To confirm a charitable failure. D．To complain the pumps' quality.
39．Which view will the author most probably agree with
A．Donations should meet local demands.
B．Ineffective charities must be abandoned.
C．Material goods can boost textile industry.
D．Specialized services turn out satisfactory.
40．Which is the best title for the passage
A．Has your donation hit a dead end
B．Why should you make a donation
C．Where does my donation take its way
D．Will my donation to charity really help
阅读理解专练291
（2022·广东·高三阶段练习）On January 1st, 2018, “gaming disorder” — in which games are played uncontrollably, despite causing harm — gained recognition from the World Health Organization (WHO). Last year, China, the world’s biggest gaming market, announced new rules limiting children to just a single hour of play a day. Clinics are appearing around the world, promising to cure patients of their habit.
Are games really addictive Psychologists have different opinions. The case for the defence is that this is just another moral panic. Similar warnings have been given about television, rock’ n’ roll, jazz, comic books, and even novels. As the newest form of mass media, gaming is merely enduring (忍受) its own time before it finally stops being controversial.
However, some argue that unlike rock bands or novelists, games developers have both the motive and the means to engineer their products to make them addictive. For one thing, the business-model has changed. In the old days games were bought once and for all. But these days, games are free and money is earned from purchases of in-game goods, which ties playtime directly to developers’ income. For another, games makers combine psychological theory and data, which helps them maximize the playtime. Smartphones and modern video game machines use their permanent Internet connections to send gameplay data back to developers. That allows products to be constantly adjusted to increase spending on games.
The gaming industry should realize that, in the real world, it has a problem, and that problem is growing. Now that gaming addiction comes with an official WHO recognition, diagnoses (诊断) become more common. Clinics are already reporting booming business, as lockdowns have given gamers more time to spend with their hobby. And being put together in the public mind, fairly or not, with gambling will not do the industry any favours.
41．What is the function of Paragraph 1
A．To arouse the readers’ interest about the topic.
B．To inform the readers of the harmful effects of games.
C．To discuss whether it is necessary to panic about games.
D．To show growing public concern about the problem of games.
42．Why is television, together with other media forms, mentioned in Paragraph 2
A．To prove that the panic over games will fade away.
B．To show that they are as highly addictive as games.
C．To compare the differences among these media forms.
D．To argue that these media forms are not harmful at all.
43．How do games developers make games addictive
A．They don’t charge players for in-game goods.
B．They adjust products based on received data.
C．They reward top players with more playtime.
D．They keep players’ video game machines updated.
44．In the last paragraph, the author aims to ______.
A．offer a suggestion B．make a prediction
C．give a warning D．put forward a solution
阅读理解专练292
（2022·贵州遵义·高三开学考试）Print newspapers dominated the early 1900s, but in November 1922, the dawn of radio news arrived when the BBC launched its first daily radio service. It marketed itself as news by and for social elites (精英), and broadcasters were required to use “received pronunciation”. News shifted to television broadcasting in the 1950s.
The creation of the WorldWideWeb in the 1990s changed things again. The internet has become a key site for sharing information, and news is more accessible than it has ever been before. Crises can be reported from on the ground by people who directly understand them. Stories can be shared with the click of a button which can be dangerous. In the time it takes for a story to move from a news site to Facebook to your WhatsApp group chat, context lost and facts go unchecked.
In 2016, we witnessed a BBC watershed moment for the news landscape. Negative coverage was the order of the day in the general election. Clinton was criticized for everything from her speaking style to her use of emails. As Clinton was being attacked in the press, Donald Trump was attacking the press, claiming that it is was trying to “influence” the election in her favor. The news is not about what’s ordinary or expected, but what’s new and different, better yet when filled with anger and conflict. Following the election troubled by dishonesty and misinformation spread largely on social media, Oxford Dictionaries announced “post-truth” as its international word of the year. Frequency of the word’s usage rose by 2,000 percent that year.
With so much information at our fingertips, the massive volume news can be ovenwhelming. Couple this with the increasing uncertainty about what is true and what is not, it is perhaps no wonder that recent years have seen the birth of the “slow journalism” movement. First coined in 2007 by Susan Greenberg, it invites us to slow down and really pay attention to what’s happening around us.
45．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．The target audience of BBC, B．The key to News’ development.
C．The transformation in news reporting. D．The qualifications of BBC’s reporters.
46．What can we learn about the creation of WorldWideWeb
A．It marks what good news is about.
B．It provides people with the best choice.
C．It fails to satisfy people’s sharing demand.
D．It contributes much to ungoverned information.
47．What can be inferred from Paragraph3
A．BBC news gained wide popularity.
B．Negative news sells and travels wide.
C．Facts are more influential than emotion appeals.
D．More supervision should be added in the election.
48．Which statement will the author probably agree with
A．Negative news also bears value just as the positive news.
B．Great importance should be attached to news’ truthfulness.
C．The information on social media is uncertain and unreliable.
D．People are overwhelmed with massive volume news nowadays.
阅读理解专练293
（2022·重庆巴蜀中学高三阶段练习）A picture may be worth a thousand words, but thanks to an artificial intelligence program called DALL-E 2, you can have a professional-looking image with far fewer.
Open Al researchers built DALL-E 2 from an enormous collection of images with captions. They gathered some of the images online and licensed others. Using DALL-E2 looks a lot like searching for an image on the web: you type in a short phrase into a text box, and it gives back six images.
But instead of selecting pictures from the web, the program creates six brand-new images, each of which reflects some version of the entered phrase. Nearly all of them could probably pass for professional photographs or drawings.
It’s easy to imagine this tool transforming the way people make images and communicate, whether via memes, greeting cards, advertising – and, yes, art.
You might say there’s little artistic merit in an image produced by a few keystrokes. But this line of thinking echoes the classic take that photography cannot be art because a machine did all the work. Today the human authorship and craft involved in artistic photography are recognized, and critics understand that the best photography involves much more than just pushing a button.
Some artists, like Ryan Murdoch, have advocated for prompt-based (基于提示的) image-making to be recognized as art. ‘They argue that the art, in using a system like DALL-E 2, comes not just from the final text prompt, but in the entire creative process that led to that prompt. Different artists will follow different processes and end up with different results that reflect their own approaches and skills.
It’s too early to judge the significance of this art form. The first films by the Lumiere brothers in the1890s were novelties, not cinematic masterpieces; it amazed people to see images moving at all.
Al art software develops so quickly that there’s continual technical and artistic novelty. It seems as if, each year, there’s an opportunity to explore an exciting new technology – each more powerful than the last, and each seemingly ready to transform art and society.
49．What can DALL-E 2 do for you
A．It edits your photographs.
B．It reproduces your paintings.
C．It collects images from the web.
D．It turns your words into pictures.
50．Why does the author mention photography in Paragraph 5
A．To explain a rule. B．To illustrate a point.
C．To present a finding. D．To define a concept.
51．What does the author think of Al art software
A．lt is promising. B．It is risky. C．It is unreliable. D．It is superior.
52．What is a suitable title for the text
A．DALL-E 2 Has Arrived. Are Artists in Trouble
B．DALL-E 2:What Exactly Is“ AI-generated Art”
C．DALL-E 2 Can Produce an Incredible Image ---- But Is It Art
D．DALL-E2:Why Is the AI Program a Revolutionary Invention
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（2022·河南·郑州四中高三阶段练习）“Girls are weak, and boys are strong. This is what is being subconsciously communicated to hundreds of millions of young boys and girls all over the world, just like it was with me,” said American actor Justin Baldoni. As a boy, all he wanted was to be accepted by other people. That acceptance meant he had to pretend to be strong when he was weak, confident when he felt insecure, and tough when he was actually hurting.
Is that a healthy lifestyle A member of the CPPCC Standing Committee might say “yes”. In his proposal, he spoke of a need to “prevent the feminization of male youths”. In response to his call, China’s Ministry of Education has recently demanded that schools should hire more physical education teachers and improve teaching methods to cultivate masculinity in students.
The response has been widely debated online, with many people saying that it reinforces gender stereotypes. The state broadcaster CCTV wrote on its Weibo account, “Education is not simply about cultivating men and women. It’s more important to develop a willingness to take responsibility.” You might be wondering now: What is masculinity, and why is this so controversial
Well, by itself, “masculinity” refers to the qualities traditionally considered to be typical of men. While there is not really a single “correct” set of qualities, the term is often associated with strength, courage, assertiveness, and emotional control. Sometimes, however, these seemingly admirable qualities can be extended in unrealistic ways. But boys are also human. Blindly asking them to control their feelings “like a man” can only increase their stress when they grow up.
As an educator who has spent years teaching in China, I agree that attaching more importance to physical education would definitely benefit students. Sports provide opportunities for physical fitness. More importantly, they can help develop lifelong skills, such as leadership and communication skills. However, putting the emphasis on masculinity is far from a sound reason for which to do so.
It is unnecessary for all boys to build up their muscles, but it is essential that they all learn how to be strong inside. It is also fine for boys to cry and to show their weakness. Schools should work on equipping students with the skills and values they will need to be successful in life, not reinforcing stereotypes of masculinity borrowed from a bygone age.
53．The underlined expression “masculinity” in Paragraph 2 most probably means “________”
A．manly qualities B．potential abilities
C．self-centredness D．steady strength
54．What is the argument against the demand of China’s Ministry of Education
A．It is necessary to prevent the feminization of male youths.
B．Physical education should be paid more attention to.
C．We should teach students according to their individual qualities.
D．Importance should be attached to developing students’ sense of responsibility.
55．What can we learn from the passage
A．Masculinity is out of date.
B．Masculinity is overstated.
C．Masculinity shows physical strength.
D．Masculinity only focuses on physical fitness.
56．What does the author want to say in the article
A．We should do everything we can to guarantee students’ health.
B．Schools should differentiate between boys and girls while educating them.
C．It is important to prepare students with necessary skills and right values.
D．It is time to weaken stereotypes of masculinity.
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（2022·全国·高三课时练习）People often ask which is the most difficult language to learn, and it is not easy to answer because there are too many factors to take into consideration. Firstly, in a first language the difficulties are unimportant as people learn their mother tongue naturally, so the question of how hard a language is to learn only makes more sense when learning a second language.
A native speaker of Spanish, for example, will find Portuguese much easier to learn than a native speaker of Chinese because Portuguese is very similar to Spanish, while Chinese is very different, so first language can affect learning a second language. The greater the differences between the second language and our first language, the harder it will be for most people to learn. Many people answer that Chinese is the hardest language to learn, possibly influenced by the thought of learning the Chinese writing system, and the pronunciation of Chinese does appear to be very difficult for many foreign learners. However, for Japanese speakers, who already use Chinese characters in their own language, learning writing will be less difficult than for speakers of languages using the Roman alphabet.
Some people seem to learn languages easily, while others find it very difficult. Teachers and the circumstances in which the language is learned also play an important role, as well as each learner’s motivation for learning. If people learn a language because they need to use it professionally, they often learn it faster than people studying a language that has no direct use in their day to day life.
Obviously, British diplomats and other embassy staff have found that the second hardest language is Japanese, which will probably come as no surprise to many, but the language that they have found to be the most problematic is Hungarian, which uses a similar alphabet to English but has 35 cases (forms of a nouns according to whether it is subject, object, genitive, etc). This does not mean that Hungarian is the hardest language to learn for everyone, but it causes British diplomatic personnel, who are generally used to learning languages, the most difficulty. However, Tabassaran, a Caucasian language has 48 cases, so it might cause more difficulty if British diplomats had to learn it.
Different cultures and individuals from those cultures will find different languages more difficult. Therefore, it is impossible to say that there is one language that is the most difficult language in the world.
57．What can we infer from the first paragraph
A．The question of how hard a language is to learn is only applicable to first language acquisition.
B．The question of how hard a language is to learn is only applicable to second language acquisition.
C．The question of how hard a language is to learn is applicable to both first and second language acquisition.
D．There are too many languages in the world so it’s difficult to say which one is the most difficult to learn.
58．Which language will a native Portuguese speaker probably find easier to learn
A．Chinese, because Portuguese use Chinese characters in their own language .
B．Japanese, because it is similar to their own language.
C．Spanish, because it also uses Roman alphabet.
D．Anyone but Chinese, because its pronunciation is very difficult.
59．What does the underlined word “circumstances” mean in Paragraph 3
A．A particular situation or environment. B．The degree of education that somebody has obtained.
C．Teachers’ encouragement. D．Professional training.
60．The author is most likely to agree ____
A．many British diplomats learn Tabassaran.
B．Hungarian’s grammatical complexity causes problems for native British speakers.
C．Tabassaran is the hardest language to learn in the world for native European speakers.
D．learning a different writing system is very easy for British speakers.
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The Chinese women’s soccer team rekindled their famous fighting spirit to end a 16-year wait to lift the Asian Cup. Having trailed (落后) 2-0 in the final in Navi Mumbai, India, on the night of February 6, 2022, the team summoned all of their determination and resolve to battle back and tie the game before Xiao Yuyi fired home a dramatic 93rd-minute goal from Wang Shanshan’s assist to secure the title.
The victory earned China a record ninth Asian Cup title, which atoned for their disappointing performance at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics. China’s Tokyo 2020 participation ended with a shocking 8-2 defeat at the hands of the Netherlands, showing just how far Chinese women’s soccer had fallen behind the game’s elite nations. The huge turnaround in fortunes made the win extra special for fans.
“Although the players come from different cities, we need to come together. We never let our heads drop when we were 0-2 down. The players overcame both their opponents and themselves,” said the head coach Shui Qingxia.
The Steel Roses’ victory completely dominated discussion on Chinese social media. The topic “Chinese women’s team wins Asian Cup” was viewed over 1.1 billion times by February 7, but that was just one of 10 trending topics related to the women’s team on Weibo. Countless thrilled people commented that “The whole team is worthy of every praise.” After their victory, media and experts urged for greater support for the development of the women’s game. A number of Chinese companies have already taken it upon themselves to reward them, with dairy giant Mengniu Group gifting the team 10 million yuan after its heroics.
Now the work is to continue to revive past glories, as well as improve the standard of the domestic leagues and youth training to give the country a better chance of producing more great players. This victory certainly showed that such targets can be realized. The women’s soccer team has great spirit and skill. They are our role models!
1．What do we know about the Chinese women’s soccer team from paragraph 1
A．They won the Asian Cup for the first time.
B．They turned defeat into victory in the game.
C．They made a miracle at the Tokyo Olympics.
D．They earned China a leading role in world soccer.
2．What do the underlined words “atoned for” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．replied to. B．resulted from.
C．made up for. D．took the place of.
3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．The public response to the Steel Roses’ victory.
B．The development of the Chinese women’s soccer.
C．Effects of Chinese social media on soccer athletes.
D．Companies’ support for the Chinese women’s team.
4．What does the author think of the goal of producing more great players
A．It is ambitious. B．It is achievable.
C．It is impractical. D．It is controversial.
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【2】
（2022·山东临沂·二模）A small new NASA instrument may be able to help predict volcanic eruptions and monitor air quality.
Nicknamed NACHOS, which is short for the Nanosat Atmospheric Chemistry Hyperspectral Observation System, was launched from Virginia on Feb.19 aboard a NG resupply mission to the International Space Station. NACHOS will soon then be placed aboard a tiny CubeSat satellite positioned about 480 km above Earth, where NASA hopes it will be able to detect traces of gases like SO2 and NO2 in the atmosphere.
“A volcano just waking up may emit SO2 before there is any detectable seismic (地震的) activity, “Los Alamos National Laboratory remote sensing researcher Steve Love explained in a news release. “That gives us a chance to identify a potentially erupting volcano before it actually blows.”
If successful, NACHOS will be the smallest and highest-resolution instrument of its kind in orbit. NASA says that could lead to new space-based systems that are able to monitor air quality for harmful gases in neighborhoods and individual power plants. “When we recognize that these gases are present and can localize their sources, we have the opportunity to take action and minimize negative health outcomes, ” said Love, who is a task lead on the NACHOS project.
In the past, NASA has created satellites to observe these kinds of gases. But Love said those traditionally required high-resolution images and sensitive instruments that were costly to produce and operate. Smaller devices, like NACHOS, could enable a wider use of the technology at a much lower cost. If it proves successful, the technology could also be used in Earth-based systems, NASA says. Love and his team expect NACHOS to orbit our planet for about a year. “That will give us enough time to test our instrument design and gather enough test data to ensure our technology concept is reasonable,” Love said. “More power and less weight set NACHOS apart and make it an excellent candidate for future atmospheric trace gas missions.”
5．Why was the instrument NACHOS launched
A．To control emission of SO2 and NO2.
B．To orbit our planet for about a year.
C．To help predict the volcano eruptions.
D．To resupply the International Space Station.
6．What does the underlined word “That” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．The launch of NACHOS.
B．The detectable seismic activity.
C．The gas emissions of volcanoes.
D．The technology concept of the design.
7．What will be done once the harmful gases are detected
A．To collect the harmful gases.
B．To find a shelter in power plants.
C．To change the orbit of the instrument.
D．To try to reduce the bad effect on health.
8．Which of the following might Love agree with about NACHOS
A．It is highly cost.
B．It needs more power.
C．It is a promising instrument.
D．It has proved the technology successful.
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【3】
（2022·安徽淮南·二模）Anyone watching the Winter Olympics in Beijing, China over the last few days has seen man-made snow. Since the area gets little natural snow, the Winter Olympics took place on almost 100% man-made snow for the first time. This year’s Winter Olympics were held in Beijing, China, and in two areas northwest of Beijing, Yanqing and Zhangjiakou. The areas get cold in the winter, but they don’t get a lot of snow. That’s because they’re not far from the Gobi Desert, and are generally very dry.
China took water from a reservoir (水库) which helped supply Beijing’s drinking water and sent it to a nearby river. To carry the water to the mountains for making snow, China ran miles and miles of pipes. China says making the snow took about 49,000 gallons ( 185,500 liters ) of water. China hired a company called TechnoAlpin to create the snow. TechnoAlpin created man-made snow at several earlier Winter Olympics. For the snow in this year’s Olympics, TechnoAlpin laid over 40 miles ( 64 kilometers ) of pipes and brought in hundreds of snow-making machines. With all equipment, making the snow for this year’s Games took seven weeks.
Man-made snow isn’t the same as natural snow, which has more air and less water. Still, the advanced machines can make several different kinds of snow depending on what’s needed for each sport. China says that the snow at this year’s Winter Olympics was produced by using wind and solar energy.
Man-made snow was used in the Winter Olympics in 2010 and 2014 because of warm weather. In the 2018 Games in PyeongChang, South Korea, approximately 90% of the snow was also made by machine.
9．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．The classification of skiing. B．The necessity of creating artificial snow.
C．The significance of the Olympics. D．The characteristics of the Gobi Desert.
10．What is needed for transporting water
A．Reservoirs. B．Machines. C．Equipment. D．Pipes.
11．What can we infer about man-made snow
A．Its types vary in every sport.
B．It has no difference from natural snow.
C．It became uncommon in winter sports events.
D．It can’t be made in environment-friendly ways.
12．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．The Dry Conditions B．Snow-making Methods
C．The Artificial Snow D．China’s Winter Olympics
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（2022·湖南·二模）Educational products are important to the toy industry. In recent years, parents have shown an interest in STEM-related toys—ones that help teach Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics.
But now, toymakers are working to create products for improving a child’s emotional intelligence. These toys reportedly not only help raise intelligence in children, but also their emotional quotient, or EQ. Intelligence includes intrapersonal skills—processing information within one’s mind—and interpersonal skills, or dealing with other people. Some toys have been made with the purpose of having a child act as a teacher or guide to a companion character.
There is an educational robot called Woobo. If you ask the hairy green robot, “Hi, what’s your name ” With a childlike voice, the toy will answer, “Are you trying to trick me My name is Woobo.” The robot comes programmed with educational games and activities. Children use its touchscreen face to get them started. Toys that work as companions also aid in social development. Woobo can help a child who has autism spectrum disorder (自闭症谱系障碍). The child can communicate with Woobo and he can follow some of the instructions Woobo is giving because he thinks of this as a companion instead of a parent or someone else telling him to do certain things.
A more low-tech companion is a toy animal called Manimo. The manufacturer says this toy can help reduce hyperactivity in children and improve their ability to pay attention to a subject. Whether it’s a snake, dolphin or other animal, Manimos can be placed across a child’s arm, chest or neck.
The manufacturer explained that adding deep pressure to the body can help calm a child before bedtime. “The purpose of all of our products is to develop emotional and social intelligence,” he said.
It remains to be seen whether a game or toy can improve emotional intelligence. But toymakers are doing what they can to help parents in their efforts to raise well-rounded (多才多艺的) children.
13．According to the passage, STEM-related toys are helpful in ______.
A．raising a child’s intelligence
B．making a child become a teacher
C．increasing a child’s interest in Science
D．developing a child’s ability to process information
14．What can educational robots be used to
A．Work as a companion to teach a child to be well-rounded.
B．Play tricks on the children and make them happy.
C．Help a child overcome his behavioral problems.
D．Work as a parent to look after a child at home.
15．What does the underlined word “hyperactivity” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．The desire to play with toys. B．The chance to get a companion.
C．The potential for keeping calm. D．The difficulty in staying focused.
16．What can we know from the passage
A．The function of an educational robot needs to be proved.
B．Toymakers are doing great business to meet parents’ demand.
C．Many types of toy robots have been invented to help children grow.
D．With the help of toy robots, children can develop all kinds of skills.
阅读理解专练300
【5】
（2021·辽宁·东北育才学校二模）Why build a house when you can print one instead Startups around the world are now using 3D printing technology for home construction. They say it’s faster, cheaper and more sustainable than traditional methods. Printing houses can also save huge amounts of scrap wood, metal and other construction materials that would otherwise be wasted by ending up in landfills.
Currently, 3D printing systems can equal the work output of 10 to 20 workers in five or six different trades, said Jason Ballard, CEO and co-founder of ICON, a 3D printing construction startup, according to AP News. The machines can work 24 hours a day as well, saving developers both time and money.
So how do these 3D printers “print” a house anyway Machines deposit thin layers of material — such as concrete, metal and plastic — until the three-dimensional house is built from the ground up. And a house can be completed within 120 hours, as was the case in the recent completion of the Netherlands’ first 3D printed house, according to CNN.
“The benefits that automation and digitization had brought to so many other industries regarding speed and affordability were completely missing from the construction industry,” Ballard said, adding that 3D printing “was like the most powerful of all the automations we could discover.”
This powerful automation has the potential to combat rising prices in the housing market, homelessness and overcrowding. ICON has even teamed up with nonprofit group New Story to develop the first 3D printed neighborhood in the world in Mexico. But the technology behind 3D printing houses is still in its early stages of development. For example, ICON alone has only printed 24 houses in the US and Mexico.
That isn’t stopping futurists from dreaming of larger applications of this technology. AI Space Factory, a New York-based architectural and technology design agency, has set out to design a Mars habitat to be printed from the ground up Martian rocks and a plant-based polymer, according to CNET.
But before we live on other planets, 3D printed houses will change things here on Earth.
“With the 3D printed home, we’re now setting the tone for the future: the rapid realization of affordable homes with control over the shape of your own house,” said Yasin Torunoglu, alderman for housing in the community of the Netherlands’ first 3D printed house.
17．What is an advantage of printing houses
A．It is cheaper and less wasteful. B．It helps create manufacturing jobs.
C．Its construction materials are safer. D．It improves the cleanliness of construction sites.
18．What is the meaning of the underlined phrase in the third paragraph
A．crazily B．rapidly C．completely D．perfectly
19．What’s Yasin Torunoglu’s attitude toward the future of 3D printed houses
A．Cautious. B．Optimistic. C．Pessimistic. D．Suspicious.
20．What’s the main purpose of the article
A．To predict the development of 3D printing.
B．To compare different construction technologies.
C．To encourage the use of 3D printing technology.
D．To report on 3D printing technology for construction.
专题15.答案
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1．D 2．D 3．A 4．B
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5．B 6．D 7．C 8．A
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9．D 10．B 11．D 12．D
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13．D 14．A 15．A 16．B
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17．A 18．C 19．A 20．D
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21．D 22．A 23．B 24．D
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25．C 26．D 27．A 28．A
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29．D 30．D 31．B 32．A
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33．C 34．A 35．D 36．B
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37．B 38．C 39．A 40．D
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41．D 42．A 43．B 44．C
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45．C 46．D 47．B 48．B
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49．D 50．B 51．A 52．C
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53．A 54．D 55．B 56．C
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57．D 58．C 59．A 60．B
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1．B
2．C
3．A
4．B
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5．C
6．C
7．D
8．C
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9．B
10．D
11．A
12．C
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13．A
14．C
15．D
16．B
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17．A
18．C
19．B
20．D
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