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初中定语从句知识点总结归纳
知识点1关系词
分类 先行词 句子成分 例句
关 系 代 词 who 人 主语，宾语 A teacher is a person who passes knowledge to students. A teacher is a person, a teacher passes knowledge to students.
whom 人 宾语 The woman whom you met in the street is Kate.
whose 人/物 定语 Please pass me the book whose cover is gw叽
which 物 主语,宾语,定语 This is the room which he lived in last year.
that 人/物 主语，宾语，表语 The girl that I spoke to is my cousin. They arc the people that were seen yesterday. He came back for the book that hy/.v on the desk He came back for the book that he had forgotten.
as 人/物 主语，宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us Such books as / borrowed yesterday arc all here
关 系 副 诃 when 时间 时间状语 1 know the date when Lincoln was horn.
where 地点 地点状语 I would like lo live in a place where there is plenty of sunshine.
why 原因 原因状语 That is the reason why he was late.
知识点2关系代词的用法
关系代词 用法 例句
who/whoni 两者都川于指人,who在定语从句 中作主语、宾语;whom在定语从 句中作宾语 1 have no idea about the man who wrote the article 我不认识写这篇文章的那个人o What is the girl whom(vvho) you talked to .just now 刚才和你说话的那个女孩子是卡 什么的？
whose 指人或物,在从句中作定语，往往 与它所修饰的名词一起构成一个 名词短语在从句中押当成分 He is the man whose car was stolen last nighl他就是昨人晚上乍被偷的那个男子。
which 一般指物，在定语从句屮作主语、 宾语,还町在从句中作介词的宾语 That was a fault which could not be forgiven 那是不能饶恕的错误。 The house in which【used to live has become a shoe.我过去住的房子现在变成 了一家鞋店。
that 指人或物，在从旬中作主语或宾 语，还可作表语,作宾语或表语时 可省略:作介词宾语时，介词不可 提到that前 He is the man that was punished at the meeting.他就是那个在会匕受批评的人。 Shanghai is the place that I visited last year. 上海是我去年参观过的地方。
as nJ以作为关系代词引导定语从句， 常用 T such... as 和 the same... as 等句式中 Such points as you've mentioned are really important in solving the problem.你提到的 这些方面在解决这个问题上的确很重要。
【知识拓展】 1.关系词指物时,只用that不用which的情况: 先行 词是 all, everything, anything, nothing, no one. little, few, much, some none 等不定代词 时。例如： All that can be done has been done.所冇能做的己经做 了。 先行词被 the only, the very ,the just, the right, the last, all, any, some, no, few, little, much 等 修饰时。例如
This is the very book that I am looking fbr.这正是我要找的那本书。
先行诃是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数诃、形容制最高级所修饰时。例如：
This is the best film that I have seen 这是我所看过的最好的电影。
主旬是who或者which引导的特殊疑问句时。例如：
Who is the man that is making a speech 正在演讲的那个人是谁？
2 只用which而不用that的情况：
当关系代词前冇介词.先行词抬物时，例如；
This is the house of which the windows face south 这就是窗户朝南的那座房 f
在非眼制性定语从句中,当关系词表示事物时,只能用whicho例如:
The plane landed safely, which made us very happy. E机安个降落，这使我们很高兴。
知识点3关系副词的用法
关系副词 用法 例句
when 代替表示时间的名词 而这个名词在 从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句 中充当时间状语，常可用on which, in which, during which 等代替 We don't know the exact time when the English evening will be held 我们不知道 英语晚会举行的确切时间。 Do you know the date when Lincoln was murdered 你知道林疔遇刺的日期吗？
when 代替表示地点的名词，而这个名词在 从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句 中充当地点状语,常用in which, on which, to which 等代替 The place where we're to have the Speech Contest has not been decided 州 我们举彳亍 演讲比赛的地点还未定下来。 He did all his research in the room where he lived.他在自己住的房间里做了所有 的研究。
why 代替表示原因的名词，而这个名词在 从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句 中充当状语,常可用for which代替 He didn't tell her the reason why he was happy 他没有告诉她他那么高兴的原因。 Is this the reason why she refiised our offer 这是她拒绝我们帮助她的理山吗？
【知识拓展】关系副词的省略： (1) The time, every time, each time, the moment 等后的关系副词可省略。例如: By the time (when ) he was fourteen years old, Einstein had learnt advanced math all by himself. 到十四岁时，爱因斯坦已经自学了高等数学。 ②在某些表示地点的名词后，关系副词有时也可省略 如theplace等。例如： Tliis is the place( where) we met years ago.这就是我们多年前见面的地方。 (3)先行词the reason后面的关系副词可省略。例如： The reason (why) he did that is quite clear.他那样做的理由是非常清楚的。
知识点4定语从句的注意事项
关系代词的省略 在限制性定语从句中,关系代词which, who, whom或thal在从何中充为 宾语，且前无介词时，关系代词可以省略。例如： The people (whom who) I work with arc all friendly. The children like the bread (which/that) my wife makes
判断关系 词的方法 在判断应使用哪一个关系词来引导定语从句时,首先应该找准定语从句 的先行诃，确定先行词指的是什么，指的是人 指的是物 还是指的一旬 话的内容，等等。其次要确定关系词在从句中所充当的成分。需要注意 的是，先行词往往决定不了关系词的使用，关键是粉关系词在从句中所 起的具体作用。例如： Ill never forget the day when we moved to Beijing.（先行词指的是时间,关 系词在从句作时间状语，故使用关系副词wh.作为引导词）我将永远不会 忘记我们搬到北京的那一天。 VII never forget the days （which/lhat） we spent together t summer.（先彳j： 词尽管指的是时间。但在从旬中作的是宾语，凶此不能使用when作为 引导词）我将水远不会忘记去年夏天我们共同度过的那段时比。
定语从 句的主 谓一致 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的单复数形式应根据先行诃 来确定.即先行词为单数,从句谓语动词为单数;先行词为复数，则从句 谓语动词为复数。例如： He is one of the students who were late for school.（句中的 students 是先仃 词，故从句的谓语动词使用复数形式）他是迟到的学生中的一个。 He is the only one of the students who was laic for school. （ one 之前仔lhe only“或“the very，修饰时,one就是先行词.故从句的谓语动词应该使用单 数形式）他是学生中唯一迟到的一个。
【巧学记忆】关系代词的用法关系词来引定从,它们的用法各不同.Thai可做主宾用,指 人指物它都行. which只能指物用,主宾定语它也能o who和whom指人用,分作主宾要弄清。whose—词 真叫行，指人指物都能用。时间状语when才行，地点状语where能。原因状语why对应,as 用作主和贞"修饰全句或部分，which和as耍分清.固定搭呢应分明，从句当中定功能。

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