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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
重难题型二 阅读理解
一、技能突破
【考情分析】
中考英语“阅读理解”题主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括阅读能力、理解能力、归纳概括能力、逻辑推理能力以及对材料的评估能力等
试题中所选的阅读文章题材多样化，涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史地理、科学技术等各个方面。（这要求学生平时对各方面的知识都有所积累，做个有心人）体裁多样化，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格（要求学生能看懂这类阅读材料尤其是时下出题的趋势）等各种文体。它要求考生阅读理解准确率高、阅读速度快。
【解题策略】
（五）标题归纳
短小精悍，一般多为一个短语；涵盖性强，一般能覆盖全文意思；精确性强，表达范围要恰当，不能随意改变语意程度或色彩。
例一：（2022铜仁）
As a traditional and meaningful board game, Weiqi was invented in China more than 2,500 years ago and it is still played until today.
The playing pieces are called stones. One player uses the white stones and the other, black. The players take turns to play the stones on the game board. As we know, the board surface has 361 cross points. The stones are placed on them.
Weiqi is also called Go in the world. Learning it can not only improve people’s logical thinking ability, but it can also develop their calm character. That’s why it is more and more popular with modern people.
In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Weiqi traveled to Japan, and then to Europe in the 19th century. Now it has grown into an international competition event. So far, people from over 40 countries have played it. Among them, players from China, Japan and South Korea have the highest level of Weiqi.
On February 19, Chinese-English Dictionary of Weiqi Term（术语）came out in Beijing. It’s the first professional dictionary about Weigi in China. As a symbol of Chinese culture, Weiqi has its special language. It also has its own way of thinking and the method of communicating. The dictionary will serve as a necessary tool and bridge for spreading Weiqi culture.
45. What is the best title of the passage
A. The History of Weiqi B. The Development of Weiqi
C. An Introduction of Weiqi D. The Methods of Playing Weiqi
45题详解】
最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了发明于中国的围棋以及其发展，A，B，C只是文章的一部分，C概括的更全面，故选C。
例二：
You speak, write a letter, make a telephone．Your words carry a message．People communicate with words．Do you think you can communicate without words A smile on your face shows you are happy or friendly. Tears（眼泪）in your eyes tell others that you are sad.
When you put up your hands in class, the teacher knows you want to say something or ask questions. You shake your head, and people know you are saying “No”. You nod（点头）and people know you are saying “Yes.” Other things can also carry messages. For example, a sign at the bus helps you to know which bus to take. A sign on the door helps you where to go in or out. Have you ever thought that there are a lot of signs around you and that you receive messages from them all the time People can communicate in many other ways. An artist can use his drawing to tell beautiful mountains, about the blue sea and many other things. Books are written to tell about all the wonderful things in the world and also about people and their ideas. Books, magazines, TV, radio and films all help us communicate with others. They can help us to know what is going on in the world and what other people are thinking about.
55.The best title（题目）for this short passage is .
A.Signs Carry Messages B.The important Communication
C.Words, Signs and Drawing D.Ways of Communication
55题详解】
最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了交流的不同方式和表达，故选D。
跟踪训练
【例1】Once there was a man traveling in a faraway village.As he was passing the elephants，he suddenly stopped.He found that these huge elephants were being held by only a small rope tied to their front leg.No chains(锁链)，no cages.It was clear that the elephants could，at any time，break away from their ropes but for some reason，they did not.
He saw a trainer nearby and asked why these animals just stood there and didn’t try to get away.“Well，”the trainer said，“when they are very young and much smaller we use the same size rope to tie them and，at that age，it’s enough to hold them.As they grow up，they still believe they can not break away.They believe the rope can hold them，so they never try to break free.”
How could it be These animals could at any time break free from their ropes.But because they were always stuck right where they were，they believed they couldn’t.
Just like the elephants，how many of us go through life believing that we cannot do something，just because we failed at it once before
_______.We should never give up the struggle in life.
5.What is the best title for this text
A.A Pleasant Trip.
B.A Cruel Trainer.
C.Elephant Training.
D.The Elephant Rope.
答案：D
解析：全文都在围绕The Elephant Rope来讲述，用大象鼻子上的绳子来比喻失败，告诉我们不要因为过去的失败就止步不前。The Elephant Rope既是本文论述的对象，也是本文主旨与立意的关键所在。因此应选D
【例2】
On April 26, 2017, a big Chinese ship caught the eyes of the whole world. China's first homemade aircraft carrier(航空母舰）hit the water in Dalian, Liaoning.
The new big ship is China's second aircraft carrier. It was designed in China and built in China, too. It is about 315 meters long and 75 meters wide. That is a bit larger than three soccer fields.
An aircraft carrier is like an airport on the sea. It can carry planes and troops to war. Planes fly from the carrier and land back on it, and soldiers work and live on it, too. But building an An aircraft carrier is like an airport on the sea. It can carry planes and troops to war. Planes fly from the carrier and land back on it, and soldiers work and live on it, too. But building an aircraft carrier is so hard and expensive. It costs a lot of money and needs a large amount of steel and other special materials. For example, a basic aircraft carrier is made of 60,000 tons of steel. It also uses complex（复杂的）technologies, including radar, electrics, mechanics and weapons. Finally, it takes years to build one. Today, not many countries own an aircraft carrier or have the ability to build one. China has become the seventh country in the world that can build an aircraft carrier by itself, after the USA, Russia, England, France, Italy and Spain.
67. What's the best title of this passage
A. An Airport on the Sea
B. China Has Bought the Second Aircraft Carrier
C. China's Homemade Aircraft Carrier
D. The Sixth Country to Build an Aircraft Carver
67题详解】
最佳标题题。本文讲述了中国成为第七个自主研发出行航空母舰的国家的故事，故选C。
【例3】
In the town of Lampang in northern Thailand， there is an unusual group of musicians. They play many different kinds of music-from traditional Thai songs to music by Beethoven. Both children and adults love this group. What makes them so popular？ Is it their music？ Their looks？ Yes， it's both of these things， but it's also something else：they're elephants.
These musical elephants are from the Thai Elephant Conservation Center （TECC）in Lampang. The TECC protects elephants. It teaches people to understand and care for these huge， but gentle， animals. And， like many zoos around the world， the TECC encourages elephants to paint.
Richard Lair works with the TECC. He knew that elephants hear better than they see. So he had an idea：if elephants are intelligent and they have good hearing， maybe they can play music. To test his idea， Lair and a friend started the Thai Elephant Orchestra. During a performance， the elephants play a variety of instruments， including the drums and the xylophone. The animals also use their voices and trunks to make sounds.
But can elephants really make music properly？Yes， says Lair. they're very creative. Humans may encourage the animals to play instruments， but the elephants make their own songs； they don't just copy their trainers or other people. There are now CDs of the group's music， which make money for the TECC. And the music these artists create is pretty amazing.
76. What can be the best title for the passage？
A. Musical Elephants
B. An Introduction to the TECC
C. Richard Lair's Achievements
76题详解】
最佳标题题。本文讲述了学者发现大象在音乐方面有天赋，并对此进行实验研究，证明大象可以演奏音乐，故选A。
（六）数字推算
（方法：审题→带着问题找细节→对比、分析、计算）
可直接找到相关细节，但需经过计算方可找到答案。
例一：（2022铜仁）
Date: August 27, 2022
Time: 7:30 a. m-9:30 p. m
Place: Children’s Palace in Tongren
Price: Adults: ￥50/per; Students: ￥10/per; Kids under 6: Free
How to book:
Online: www.tongren.
Tel: 0856-5210481 from Monday to Friday, 10:00 a. m-4:00 p. m
For more information, please call 0856-5210482
You can enjoy landscape paintings, figure paintings, flower-and-bird paintings.
37. A couple with a 5-year-old kid will pay ______ for the art show.
A. 50 B. 60 C. 100 D. 110
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Adults: ￥50/per; Students: ￥10/per; Kids under 6: Free”可知成人50元，“a couple”表示夫妻是2人；6岁以下孩子免费。故选C。
例二：
BEIJING TRAVEL COMPANY
Beijing-Singapore Best tour days in Singapore
Website：WWW. Beijingtour．com
Telephone：010—62617788
MIRAMBER HOTEL
Restaurant& Cafe，Swimming pool，KTV，Clothing store，Reading room Day 1：
Morning：land at Singapore Changi Airport Afternoon：take a bus tour of the island Evening：have a party in the KTV
Day 2：
Morning：visit the Handicraft Center and the National Museum Afternoon：take the cable car to Sentosa Island
Day 3：
Morning：take a walking tour of old Singapore，including Chinatown Afternoon：take a boat trip around the island
Day 4：
Daytime：free for shopping Evening：return by air
Date of Departure
August 16，2012 ￥5，220 August 17．2012 ￥5，100
August 18，2012 ￥4，950 August 19，2012 ￥5，150
55．If you only want to spend less than 5，000 yuan，you can choose____ as your departure date．
A．August 16 B．August 17 C．August 18 D．August 19
【55题详解】
推理判断题。由题目可知想要花低于5000元，再根据文章中的线索得出4950小于5000，故选C。
跟踪训练
【例1】Trip 1 One Week In The Mountains
Bring your strong shoes and warm clothes for this walk in a beautiful area of the Green Mountains.You may go hiking or have a try of rock climbing.This is also a protection area for wild animals.You can find many kinds of animals in this area.
Time:July 8-July 14 Tel:84639818
Adult :$110 Child:$55
Trip 2 Three Days In The Country
There are many beautiful gardens. Take your camera and enjoy the wonderful sights in Hunter Valley.It is a good place for fishing and horse riding.You can also find different kinds of flowers here.This is also a great walk for bird-lovers.
Time:July 20-July 22 Tel:83986432
Adult:$50 Child:$25
Trip 3 Flashlight(手电筒)Adventure(冒险)
Put on your warm clothes，bring a flashlight and come for a night walk along the Dungog Valley.It is a trip full of adventure.A guide will lead the tour.Many of the plants on this trip can only be seen at night.
Time:July 16-July 18 Tel:83875629
Adult:$30 Not for children
Trip 4 Five Days By The Sea
Wear your sun hat and enjoy wonderful sunshine all the time from morning to evening. Our hotel is next to the sea. We have our own boats，too. You can swim in the sea or in the swimming pool. Every day our boat will take you to different places for swimming.
Time: July 13-July 17 Tel:87549679
Adult:$80 Child:$40
Sam stayed in Hunter Valley with his wife，his five-year-old daughter. How much did it cost
A.$25. B.$50.
C.$100. D.$125.
答案：D
解析：根据“Each adult is 50 dollars；each child is 25 dollars.”可知山姆和他的妻子，他五岁的女儿住在猎人谷需要50×2+25=125美元，故选D
【例2】
Many large cities in the United States have an area called Chinatown．Each of them was set up by people who came from China．For example，Chinatown in San Francisco，California， began in the l840s．The Chinese immigrants came to America to look for gold．Then the area they lived in later became known as Chinatown．
Chinatowns were also set up in cities in the western states of Oregon and Washington during the middle of the l9th century．Many Chinese immigrants in these areas helped build the first railroad system across the United States．However，after the work ended in l869，many Chinese moved to the eastern and middle parts of the United States．
Chinatowns can also be found in cities outside the United States．For example，the first Chinese immigrants in London arrived in the late l8th century．They were men who worked for the East India Company．Later，the Chinese immigrants opened small stores and restaurants there．
Today，many people visit Chinatown．It has special Chinese gates and walking areas for visitors．Chinatowns around the world are not only places where Chinese people live and work．They are also places where visitors can learn more about Chinese culture and traditions．
According to the passage，the earliest Chinatowns in Oregon were set up about _____years ago.
A.200 B.160 C.100 D.300
【58题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Chinatowns were also set up in cities in the western states of Oregon and Washington during the middle of the l9th century．”可知，在俄勒冈州最早的中国城建立于19世纪中期，即1850年左右，故可知建立初期为距现在的160年前左右，故选B。
【例3】
For many years, sales of garlic in California had been little because of the much cheaper garlic from China. This year, however, California garlic sales are rising because American government increases tariffs（关税）on Chinese
products.
Christopher, a garlic grower in California, is manager of his company and he said, "In a perfect world, we would love to see the tariffs on China."
Tariffs on Chinese garlic rose from 10% to 25% on May 9,2019,and the reason is that U.S President Donald Trump increased tariffs on Chinese products worth of $200 billion. Since then, Chinese buyers have almost stopped buying soybeans from the United States and American soybean farmers are now getting worried.
Not everyone likes the garlic tariffs in the U.S. Last July Christopher expressed his support on Trump's policy（政策）. However, officials from McCormick and Company Inc. didn't agree with the policy. McCormick's CEO, Lawrence told Reuters（路透社）that without Chinese garlic America can't go. Actually ,the trade war（贸易战）between China and America is a sign of American hegemony（霸权）,and it will destroy American economy and U.S government will
lose its trust from other countries in the world.
74. How much tariff did American government increase on Chinese garlic On May 9,2019 A. 15％ B.25％ C. 10％ D. 35％
【74题详解】
推理判断题。根据”Tariffs on Chinese garlic rose from 10% to 25% on May 9,2019,”可知2019年5月9日美方对中国商品加征的关税从10%上调到25%，故选A。
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