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专题05 语法复习二
人教版七年级上册期末复习
本册语法知识总复习
一、一般将来时态
1. 概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
例如：We will go to see him tomorrow.我们明天来看他。
表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。
例如：From now on, I will come every day.从现在起，我每天都来。
一般将来时态最常见的是借助will或着be going to构成
2.由will构成的一般将来时态
①基本句型
肯定句:主语 + will +V原形
否定句:主语 + will +not + V原形
一般疑问句:Will +主语 + V原形
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句
简略回答:Yes, I will. /No, I won’t. (注意缩写形式）
本册语法知识总复习
②. “there be”句型一般将来时的表达:
肯定句: There will be ＋名词(短语)
否定句: There will not / won’t be ＋名词(短语)
一般疑问句:
— Will there be ＋名词(短语) — Yes, there will. / No, there won’t.
例句：Will there be fewer trees
There will be more people.
There won’t be money.
Everything will be free.
③. will 表示将来时态,其后常跟的时间状语。
tomorrow 明天 next week 下周 next year 明年
before 在……之前 next month 下个月 soon 不久
the day after tomorrow 后天 the year after next 后年
the week after next 下下周 in ten years 十年后
本册语法知识总复习
3.由be going to构成的一般将来时态
(1)be going to 后面一般接动词原形，属于将来时态的一种，该句型表示：对于将要发生的事，或打算、计划、决定要做的事。
例如： He is going to be a doctor when he grows up.
They’re going to play chess next week.
常与一些表示将来时间的状语连用。如：tomorrow“明天”, this evening“今天晚上”, next month“下个月”。
【注意】：句型中有be动词， 用is还是am还是are，取决于主语.
(2).be going to的相关句型的构成和用法
①肯定句型: 主语+be going to+动词原形
例如：I am going to play football next Sunday.
He is going to teach in Beijing next year.
They’re going to meet outside the school gate.
It is going to rain.
We’re going home tomorrow.
本册语法知识总复习
②否定句的构成和用法
句型：主语+be not going to +动词原形
例如：We’re not going to have any class next week.
It’s not going to rain this afternoon.
I’m not going to be a teacher.
He isn’t going to see his brother tomorrow.
They aren’t going to watch TV this evening.
③一般疑问句的构成和用法
句型：be+主语+going to +动词原形？
例如：--Are you going to be a doctor in the future
--Yes, I am.(肯定回答）/No, I’m not.(否定回答）
--Is your sister going to bring you lunch
--Yes, she is./No,she isn’t.
本册语法知识总复习
④特殊疑问句的构成和用法：
句型：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
例如：
--How are they going to school tomorrow --By bike.
--What is he going to do next Sunday --He is going to read books.
--When are you going to buy a new bike --Tomorrow.
--Where is the little girl going --She is going to her grandma’s home.
There be 表“将来有……”时用There be going to be
eg. There is going to be a sports meeting tomorrow afternoon.
本册语法知识总复习
二、祈使句的用法
1. 祈使句用来表示请求、命令等，没有主语，动词用原形。否定的祈使句要在动词前加 don’t 构成。
例如：
Peel the apple, please. 请削掉苹果皮。
Don’t wake me up tomorrow morning.明天早上不要吵醒我。
2.有时候吩咐别人做的某件事要分步骤来完成，并且有一个先后顺序，这时候可以适当地使用 first, next, then 和finally，既能使说话人喘口气，又能使听话者感到句子的连贯性。
First...首先……, next...接下来……
then...然后……, finally...最后……
本册语法知识总复习
三、情态动词的用法
情态动词主要有：may/might, can/could, must, have to, shall/should, will/would, ought to, need, dare, used to。
1.情态动词的特点：
(1). 不能独立作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语， 表示说话人的语气和情态。没有人称和数的变化。 (have to除外)
(2).否定形式：在其之后加not (have to除外)
(3). 疑问形式：情态动词提到主语之前(have to除外)。
本单元着重学习情态动词can 以及have to 的用法。
1.情态动词 can 有一定的词义，但不能独立存在，它必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词 can 没有人称和数的变化。其具体用法如下:
(1). 表示“能、会”指脑力或体力方面的“能力”。
例如: I can speak Japanese. 我会讲日语。
Frank can swim but I can’t. 佛兰克会游泳, 但我不会。
本册语法知识总复习
(2). 表示“可能”，常用于否定句或疑问句中，指某种可能性。
例如：My cousin can’t be in this city. He is in Korea now. 我堂兄不可能在这个城市里。他在韩国呢。
Can he come to our club today, please 请问他今天能来我们俱乐部吗？
(3). 表示“可以”，常用于口语中，指许可或请求做某事。
例如：
Can I ask you a question 我可以问你一个问题吗？
You can bring something to eat. 你可以带些吃的。
(4). can为情态动词, 在本单元中表示请求，用于发出邀请，后跟动词原形。当同意接受对方的邀请时，常用Sure, I’d love to. / Certainly. /Of course.等来回答；若不接受，常用Sorry等来有礼貌地拒绝，一般情况下需要说明不能接受邀请的原因以表示歉意。
例如：
—Can you come to my birthday party tomorrow？明天你来参加我的生日聚会，好吗？
—Sorry, I can’t. I am going to visit my grandpa. 很抱歉，我来不了，我要去看我爷爷。
本册语法知识总复习
2.can和may的区别
(1)都可表示“许可” 。may用于较正式场合，can比较口语化。
例如：
You may/can smoke here.
Borrowers may not take out of the library more than two books at a time.
The policeman says you can’t park here.
(2) May/Can I/we… 表示征询对方许可。 Can you… 表请求。
— May I use your phone
— Yes, you may./Yes, please. /No, you may not. /No, you mustn’t.
/No, you’d better not. /I’m afraid not. /I’m sorry. I’d rather you didn’t.
② — Can I go out and play, Mum
—Yes/Certainly, you can. /No, you can’t.
③ — Can you help me with this bag
—With pleasure./Sorry, I can’t.
本册语法知识总复习
(3) 都可表示“可能性”
例如：Mr. Reed looks pale. He may be ill.
Mr. Read is in poor health.He can be ill at any time.
This news may be true.
Wang Wei can be really stubborn.
Wang Wei can be really stubborn.
(4) can 还可表示“能力”、“能够”
—You can swim, can’t you
—No, I can’t.
I can’t promise anything, but I’ll do what I can.
Tickets can be bought from the Tourist Information Center.
本册语法知识总复习
3.have to 的用法
(1). have (has) to + 动词原形，当主语为第三人称单数时用 has to，当句子是过去时用 had to。
例句：We have to go home now. 我们不得不现在就回家。
He has to work on Sunday. 他不得不在周日工作。
I had to do much housework last Sunday. 上周日我不得不做很多作业。
(2). have to 的否定句句型：
主语 +don’t/didn’t/doesn’t won’t +have to + 动词原形
You don’t have to walk so fast. 你不必走那么快。
He will not have to buy a new coat next year. 明年他没必要买新外衣了。
(3). have to 的疑问句句型：
Do/Does/Did/Will + 主语 + have to + 动词原形
Did he have to ask the question 他非要问那个问题吗？
Yes, he did. 是的。/No, he didn’t (have to). 不。
本册语法知识总复习
4.must和have to 的用法区别
must 表示主观“必须”；have to表示客观客观需要，必须做某事，即“不得不” 。
have to有人称、数和时态的变化, 其疑问形式和否定形式要借助于助动词do或does来完成。
例如：
We have to look after our sister at home.我们不得不在家照顾我们的妹妹。
Does he have to get up early tomorrow morning 明天早上他必须早起吗？
I don’t have to stay at home today. 今天我不必待在家里。
You must get up at five tomorrow.
We (will) have to get up early tomorrow.
I had to leave early because I wasn’t feeling well.
She said she must/had to see the manager.
本册语法知识总复习
四、if 引导条件状语从句
1. 条件状语从句的概念：在句子中作条件状语的从句称为条件状语从句，作用就是用来说明主句在什么条件下才会发生。
例句：
If you study, I’ll be happy. （you study是I’ll be happy发生的条件或前提）
If you wear jeans to school, you’ll be sorry. （you wear jeans to school是you’ll be sorry发生的条件或前提）
If you get up late, you’ll be late. （you get up late是you’ll be late发生的条件或前提）
If you eat too much, you’ll be fat.（you eat too much是you’ll be fat发生的条件或前提）
2. 要注意的问题：
主将从现原则：在英语里, 当句子的主句为将来时态时, 它所引导的时间状语从句
和条件状语从句都使用一般现在时来表示将来时。
主句的将来时态并不仅限于will＋动词原形构成的一般将来时,还包括be going to＋动
词原形、be doing所表示的一般将来时以及我们以后会学到的其它的将来时态。
本册语法知识总复习
例如:What is he going to do when he grows up 他长大了想干什么？
We are leaving for Xiamen tomorrow if it doesn’t rain. 如果明天不下雨, 我们就去厦门。
We will buy that microwave next week if its price keeps going down. 如果价格持续下降,
下个礼拜我们就买那台微波炉。
3. if引导的条件状语从句
引导条件状语的词有很多，最常见的是if
结构：If +从句, 主句。
用法(1)if引导条件状语从句, 意为“如果、假如”, 主句不能用be going to表示将来, 而应该用shall, will。
e.g. If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. (错误)
If you leave now, you will never regret it. (正确)
(2) if “如果”, 引导条件状语从句, 主句用一般将来时, 从句则用一般现在时，如：
If it rains tomorrow, I shan’t climb the hills.
本册语法知识总复习
【注意】 宾语从句中的if与条件状语从句if的区别。
宾语从句中的if意思是“是否”，相当于whether, 引导宾语从句, 时态需根据语境确定。
I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. 我不知道明天是否会下雨。
(3)有时，我们可以使用并列结构的祈使句来表达if引导的条件句。
例如：
If you set your alarm clock, you won’t oversleep.如果你上闹钟, 你就不会睡过头了。
=Set your alarm clock, and you won’t oversleep.
If you give him an inch, he will take a mile. 他会得寸进尺。=Give him an inch, and he will take a mile.
If you don’t give him some food, he will starve.如果你不给他一点吃的, 他就会饿死。=Give him some food, or/else he will starve.
在阅读英文文章时, 我们有可能看到这样的句子：
If you will take the trouble to read his letter carefully, you will see what he means. 如果你肯花一些时间来认真读他的信，你就会明白他是什么意思了。
本册语法知识总复习
在if-分句中用“will＋动词原形”并不单纯表示将来意义，这里的will是个表示“意愿”的情态动词, 相当于be willing to(愿意)。
要注意这种带“will＋动词原形”的if-分句在某些场合是不可以随便用的, 比如我们可以说：
If he gets my letter in time, he’ll be able to change his plans. 如果他及时收到我的信, 他就能改变他的计划。
却不可以说成：
If he will get my letter in time, he’ll be able to change his plans.
be＋doing形式: 用现在进行时态表达将来，主要意义是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常用于位置转移的动词, 如go、come、leave、start、arrive等, 也可用于其它动态动词。如：
The president is coming to the UN this week. 总统这周将到联合国来。
We are moving to a different hotel the day after tomorrow. 我们后天将换一家宾馆。
在英语中, 有相当多的动态动词都可以用现在进行时表示将来。例如：
Dinner is ready. We’re having fish for dinner. 晚饭好了, 今晚我们吃鱼。
I’m spending my holidays in Singapore this year. 今年我要去新加坡度假。
Tom isn’t finishing his high school until next year. 汤姆明年才高中毕业。
本册语法知识突破练习
一、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.The boys _____________ (go) play soccer this afternoon.
2. _____ you _____________(play) basketball with me next week
3.The actor ___ going to ________(move) New York.
4. He admires actors very much. He’s going to take________ (act) lessons every day.
5. Lucy ________________(not stay) at home next weekend.
are going to
Are
going to play
is
move to
acting
is not going to stay
本册语法知识突破练习
6、I’m sure he would love ________ (come) .
7、Are the boys _________ (listen) to the radio
8、I’m sorry _______ (make) you ________ (cry) .
9、Can you come to _______(Lucy) birthday party
10、Jack went home after he finished ________ (read).
to come
listening
to make
cry
Lucy’s
reading
本册语法知识突破练习
二、单项选择。
1. —There________a football match on TV this evening.
—Yeah, that’s great.
A. is going to be B. are going to be C. will have
2. ---Why are you in such a hurry, Mike
---There _________ an NBA basketball game in ten minutes.
A. will have B. will be C. is going to be D. are going to be
3. _______I see your ID card, sir We have to check your information.
A. May B. Must C. Should D. Need
4. I think she _____ be a doctor in 5 years.
A. / B. would C. likes D. will
5. I think _______ be more tall buildings and cars in five years.
A. there are B. there is C. there will D. there
本册语法知识突破练习
6. Kids _____ go to school in the future.
A. don’t B. didn’t C. won’t D. wouldn’t
7. —Will kids study at home on computers in the future
—________.And they can do as well as at school.
A．Yes, they will B．No, they won't C．Yes, they won't D．No, they will
8.—________ bread would you like
—Three pieces of ________.
A.How many; breads B.How many; bread C.How much; breads D.How much; bread
9.There________ two slices of turkey on the table an there________ some relish on the slices
A．are; are B．are; is C．is; is　 D．is; are
10.—Do you know if they________to play football with us tomorrow
—I think they will come if they________ free
A. will come; will be B. will come; are C. come; are D. come; will be
11. We must be late________we take a taxi there.
A. but B．and C. unless D. if
【答案】1-5 ACADC 6-10 CADBB 11.C
本册语法知识突破练习
三、把下列各句译成英语。
1.我叔叔今晚要来。
My uncle ______ _______ _______．
2．他没有打算住那座小屋
He ____ _______ _______ _______ in the small house.
3．我们要读这本书。
We ______ __________ _____ ______ this book．
4．—你爸爸要去钓鱼吗？
—不，他要去游泳。
—______your father ________ __________？
—No，he is __________ __________．
will come tonight
isn’t going to live
are going to read
Is going fishing
going swimming
本册语法知识突破练习
四、句型转换
1. They need yogurt. (改为否定句)
They _______ _______ yogurt.
2. We need one teaspoon of butter. (对画线部分提问)
_______ _______ ________ do you need
3. I can help you with your English. (改为祈使句)
_______ _______ help you with your English.
4. Play the piano like this. (改为否定句)
_______ _______the piano like this.
5. Please use the knife to cut up the apple. (改为同义句)
Please _______ _______ the apple ______ the knife.
don’t need
How much butter
Let me
Don’t play
cut up with
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