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图说英语： 分类总结字母字母组合发音
学好英语的前提是掌握足够的词汇，而对学习英语的人来说，记忆单词是一件枯草乏
味的事，而且记了忘，再记再忘，使学习者倍受打击。本文用表格形式列举了字母及字母组
合与发音的关系，并附有例词，对个别例外的发音也有详细的说明，简单实用。如果你能认
真阅读我总结的《字母及字母组合与发音的规律》，相信你不会再为记单词发愁。本文能有
效地帮助你迅速扩大你的词汇量。
一、元音及 48 个音标对照表:
音标有 48个，其中元音 20个，20个元音音标中又分 12单元音和 8个双元音；辅音音
标 28个；其中又分 11个清辅音和 17个浊辅音。
单元音：根据发音部位的不同又分前元音、中元音、后元音
前元音：[i:] [ i ] [e] [ ]；
中元音 [ ] [ :] [ ]；
后元音 [α:] [ ] [ :] [u] [u:]
双元音：合口双元音[ei] [ai] [au] [ i] [ u]； 集中双元音[i ] [e ] [u ]
元音、辅音对照表
长元音 5 [i:] [ :] [ :] [u:] [α:]
12 个单元音
元音 短元音 8 [i] [ ] [ ] [u] [ ] [ ] [e]
8 个双元音 [ei] [ai] [au] [ i] [ u] [i ] [e ] [u ]
清辅音 10对 [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ] [∫] [t ] [tr] [ts]
浊辅音 [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [ ] [ ] [d ] [dr] [dz]
辅音 3 个鼻音 [m] [n] [ ]
3 个似拼音 [h](清辅音) [r] [l]
2 个半元音 [w] [j]
注：[h]、 [r]、 [l]，由于它们三个的发音非常相似，所以称之为似拼音。
二、字母组合及发音
字母和 读音 说明 例词
及组合
[ei] 在重读开音节中 a, same, labour
[ ] 在重读闭音节中 cat, pack, plan
a [ ] 在非重读音节中 about, again, woman, China
[ ] 前面是辅音[w] wash, what, want
[α:] 后面是 ss, st, sk, th, f, n class, fast, ask, bath, staff, dance
[ei] 在重读音节中 afraid, gain, wait, day, play, way
ai/ay
[ i ] 在非重读音节中 mountain, portrait, Sunday, holiday
air [e ] air, chair, hair
al [ ] 但在 f, m前发[α:] wall, call, talk, walk, half, palm
[α:] 在重读音节中 car, farm, party
ar
[ ] 在非重读音节中 grammar, sugar, particular
are [e ] care, dare, rare
au(gh) [ :] cause, August, fault; daughter, caught, taught
aw [ :] law, claw, saw
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[b] bed, book, club
b
[/] 前面是字母 m comb, tomb, climb
后面是 a, o, u cap, cool, cut
[k]
c 后是辅音字母 clean, class, cream
[s] 后面是字母 e, i, y centre, nice, city, bicycle
[t ] child, change, teach, check
ch
[k] 在某些单词中 school, chemistry, headache, stomach
ck [k] back, clock, pocket
d [d] desk, red, hard
dge [d ] bridge, fridge, judge
[i:] 在重读开音节中 we, he she, these
[e] 在重读闭音节中 pen, best, well
e
[ ] 在非重读音节中 silence, open
[i] 在前缀或后缀中 decision, behind, careless
[i:] beat, meat, sea, breathe
ea [e] head, breakfast, peasant, breath
[ei/e] 两个单词中 great, steak（肉排，牛排）
[i ] hear, clear, dear, near
[ :] heard, early, learn, pearl
ear
[α:] heart
[e ] pear, bear, wear swear
[t] 前面是清音([t]除外) worked, jumped, washed
-ed [d] 前是元/浊音([d]除外) lived, stayed, closed
[id] 前面是[t]或[d] wanted, needed
ee [i:] three, need, green
eer [i ] deer, beer, engineer
ei [i:] receive, ceiling
[ :] 在重读音节中 term, serve, verb
er
[ ] 在非重读音节中 teacher, paper, perform
[i ] here, mere
ere
[e ] there, where
eu [ju:] feudal（封建的）, neutral（中立的）
ew [ju:/u:] new, few, newspaper; flew, blew, jewelry
f [f] fast, wife, leaf
g [g] girl, great, big
[g] 在词首或词尾多发[g] guest, guide, league, dialogue
gu
[gw] 在词中间 language
ge [d ] 在词尾 large, page, village
[h] hope, hard, help
h
[/] 在有些词中 hour, honour
[ai] 在重读开音节中 I, like, nine, fine
i [i] 在重读闭音节和非重读 hit, think, habit
音节中
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[i:] field, niece, piece, believe
ie
[ai] 在词尾 die, lie, pie
igh [ai] night, fight, right, light
ir [ :] 在重读音节中 girl, first, dirty, bird
ire [ai ] fire, tire, hire
j [d ] jacket, job, July
kn [n] 在词首 know, knife, knock
l [l] love, silk, fool
m(n) [m] maid, name, film; autumn
[n] line, neck, fan
n
[ ] 后面是[k]或[g] think, English, finger
ng [ ] thing, wrong, young
在重读开音节中 no, note, over
[ u]
在某些词中 piano, photo, potato, tomato
o
[ ] 在重读闭音节中 not, shop, commune
[ ] 在非重读音节中 second, kingdom, propose /pr `p uz/
oa [ u] boat, coat, road
oar [ :] board, roar
oi/oy [ i] oil, voice, boy, joy
[u] 教室、卧室、好、脚、 classroom, bedroom（长词发短音）, good, foot,
站在木毛上，遇到老 K stood (understood), wood, wool, took, book,
oo 发短音 look, cook, cookie
[u:] too, school, root, food, room（短词发长音）
[ ] 在两个单词中 blood, flood
[ :] 在重读音节中 horse, sport, northern
or
[ ] 在非重读音节中 actor, doctor, tractor
ore [ :/ ] more, store, before
ough [ :] fought, bought, thought
[au /u ] our, sour, flour; tour/u /
[ :] 在重读音节中 four, course, your
our
[ :] journey, journal, journalist
[ ] 在非重读音节中 labour, colour, favour
[au] how, down, now
ow
[ u] show, follow, know, window
p [p] pig, sleep, spring
ph [f] physics, phrase, telephone
qu [kw] quake, queen, quick, question（但 queue/kju:/）
r [r] rose, run, grow
在词首 six, seat, secret
[s]
在清辅音之后 works, lamps, months
s
在两个元音之间 those, Chinese, season
[z]
在元音和浊辅音之后 boys, has, rooms
sc [s] 在元音字母 e, i之前 scene, science, scissors
3
[sk] 在元音字母 a, o, u之前 scarf, scold, sculpture
sh [∫] she, shall, finish
[∫ n] version说法，译文, discussion, impression
sion
[ n] 前面是元音字母 television, decision, occasion
sure [ ] pleasure, treasure, measure
t, tt [t] tell, meet, letter
tch [t∫] catch, fetch, watch
[θ] 在实词中 three, youth, method
th
[ ] 在虚词和部分代词中 with, the, this
[∫ n] liberation, nation, production
tion
[t∫ n] 前面是 s question, suggestion
ture [t∫ ] picture, lecture, culture
[ju:] 在重读开音节中 student, use, mule
[ ] 在重读闭音节中 sun, but, bus, uncle
u
[u] 在某些词中 full, pull, put, bush
[ ] 在某些非重读音节中 autumn, suppose, difficult
[ :] 在重读音节中 hurt, turn, nurse, Thursday
ur
[ ] 在非重读音节中 Saturday, murmur
[ju ] 在重读音节中 pure, cure, endure忍受
ure
[ ] 在非重读音节中 figure, injure
v [v] very, seven, travel
[w] wake, sweat, wide
w
[/] 在某些词中 sword, answer, write
[w] what, white, wheat
wh
[h] 在字母 o之前 who, whose, whole
[ks] fox, six, expert
x
[gz] 后面是元音且重读 exam, exact, exist
[ai] 在词尾或中，元音字母， my, shy, sky, sly
y [i] 与 i的读音规则相同 city, system, bicycle
[j] 在词首，作为辅音字母 yes, yellow, yard
z [z] zero, zoo, amaze
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