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Over the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal. In some ways, however, very little has changed. Ideas about social class whether a person is “working-class” or “middle-class” are one area in which changes have been extremely slow.
In the past, the working-class tended to be paid less than middle-class people, such as teachers and doctors. As a result of this and also of the fact that workers’ jobs were generally much less secure, distinct differences in life-styles and attitudes came into existence. The typical working man would collect his wages on Friday evening and then give them to his wife, leaving a little for drinking or betting.
The type of what a middle-class man did with his money was perhaps nearer the truth. He was and still is likely to take a longer-term view. Not only did he regard buying a house to provide him and his family with security. Only in very few cases did workers have the opportunity (or the education and training) to make such long-term plans.
Nowadays, much has changed. In a large number of cases factory workers earn as much. Social security and laws have made it less necessary than before to worry about “tomorrow”. Working-class people seem slowly to be losing the feeling of inferiority (自卑感) they had in the past. In fact there has been a growing tendency in the past few years for the middle-classes to feel slightly ashamed of their position.
The changes in both life-styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen among younger people. They generally tend to share very similar tastes in music and clothes. They spend their money enjoying themselves, and save for holidays or longer-term plans when necessary. There seems to be much less difference than in previous generations. Nevertheless, we still have a wide gap between the well-paid and the low-paid. As long as this gap exists, there will always be a possibility that new problems will appear between different groups.
1．Which of the following is seen as the main cause of class differences in the past
A．Life style and occupation. B．Attitude and income.
C．Income and job security. D．Job security and hobbies.
2．The writer seems to suggest that _______.
A．the description of middle-class ways of spending money is quite real
B．working-class ways of spending the weekend remain the same
C．working-class drinking habits differ from the past
D．middle-class attitudes towards their positions have changed greatly
3．According to the passage, what was the typical feature of the middle-class in the past
A．They had to save money for security.
B．They couldn’t make long-term plans.
C．They could make as much money as they do now.
D．They didn’t have the sense of inferiority.
4．Working-class people’s sense of security has increased as a result of all the following factors EXCEPT that _______.
A．they are provided with social security
B．they can get much income
C．better jobs are available for all of them
D．the government offers legal protection
5．Which of the following statements is incorrect
A．Changes are slowly taking place in all aspects of the British society.
B．The difference between working-class and middle-class young people is narrowing.
C．The gap in income between the two classes will still remain.
D．Middle-class people may sometimes feel a little inferior.
Dog lovers are well aware of the ability of a dog to communicate with its eyes. Now, scientific research suggests this ability developed over time as dogs learned to live with humans.
Dogs are known in many cultures as ”man’s best friend“, and the eyes can be one of the loveliest things about these animals. But a new study found that dog’s face developed to present ”puppy dog eyes“ as a way to help connect with humans. The study compared the face of dogs and wolves (狼), which share family history. Dogs broke off from wolves after being kept by and living with humans about 33,000 years ago. During that time, dogs changed both in their bodies and actions to fit life with humans.
The researchers checked the heads of six dogs and two wolves for comparison. They found the facial parts of both animals were mostly very similar. But one important difference was found above the eyes.
The dogs were found to have two well-formed muscles (肌肉) around the eyes that were not presented in the wolves. These small muscles allow dogs to raise their inner eyebrows(眉毛) obviously, the study found.
Anne Burrows, a lead researcher on the-study, said ”You don’t typically see such muscle differences in species that are so closely connected“. The team suggests this eyebrow-raising action causes ”a caring“ feeling in humans because it makes the dogs’ eyes appear larger.
This expression also makes the dog look more like a human baby. The eye expression is similar to which humans make when they are sad, the statement said. The researchers suggest that the expression developed over time as a way for dogs to get humans to do things for them. This could include humans giving them food, care or attention. The researchers called the findings ”significant“ for showing that these muscles are likely developed to help in their interactions with people.
Anne Burrows said in the future the work could also be carried out on other animals with which humans have developed close relationships, including horses and cats.
6．What does the new study find about dogs
A．Dogs’ eyes have become more beautiful since they lived with humans.
B．Dogs have developed the ability of using eyes to communicate with humans.
C．Dogs have developed unique skills to make friends with humans.
D．Do’s change their faces to make themselves look differently from wolves.
7．Why did the researchers compare dogs with wolves
A．Because they used to live together with each other.
B．Because they belonged to the same family in earlier times.
C．Because dogs became wolves’ enemy after living with humans.
D．Because wolves were also kept by humans in the history.
8．What is true about the eyebrow raising expression of dogs
A．It is not found in wolves though they have the same facial muscles.
B．It makes the dogs’ eyes look larger so that humans will be frightened.
C．It is presented when dogs want humans to know that they are sad.
D．It makes dogs look like a human baby who needs care from parents.
9．According to Anne Burrows, what would future researches study about
A．How other animals develop interactions with people.
B．Different relations humans have with horses and cats.
C．Whether wolves can be developed to use eyes to connect with humans.
D．Whether people’s relation with dogs are closer than that with other animals.
With the mid-term examinations on the way, are you nervous about your grades These days, I’m always thinking about ．
Started on 10th Nov.2014By Wilson SmithE-mail：Wilsmith16@
Stacey,14 10th Nov.2014 I believe that cheating is wrong, but sometimes school can be so stressful (有压力的) that you have to look at your neighbor’s paper or bring a cheat sheet. Many of your classmates cheat, so when you see them cheat and get good grades, you want to cheat as well．
Crystal,16 10 th Nov.2014 Students should not cheat. It is students’ responsibility (责任) to get knowledge for college and life. People should know that cheating is wrong and feel some kind of guilt when they do it even though they may please their parents and teachers in this way.
Edison,17 11 th Nov.2014 It makes me feel good when I have a chance to cheat but I don’t. In the eighth grade, we were taking a test and everyone got up out of their seats when the teacher left the room. But I didn’t. I’d like to look at my report card and say honestly, “This is my grade.”
Sharon,18 12 th Nov.2014 There’s no doubt that cheating is wrong. Also, it’s unlucky that so many students feel the pressure (压力) to cheat. For me, cheating is just a waste of time because it takes more effort (努力) to cheat than to study. I understand the pressure to cheat, but I don’t agree with it.
Fiona,16 13 th Nov.2014 I think, well, cheating is OK if it’s the teacher’s fault. You know, if a teacher isn’t making the material understandable, you have to do something to keep your grades up. But it’s not OK when the reason is just “I’m lazy,” “I’m tired,” “I don’t like it,” or “I would rather sleep in class.”
10．Which statement is the best to be put into ________ at the beginning of the passage A．whether students have too much pressure
B．what teachers should do to prevent cheating
C．how to help students go to college without cheating
D．whether it is OK to cheat in exams
11．According to Stacey,_________ .
A．it is OK for students to cheat in exams.
B．all students who cheat can get good grades.
C．many students cheat because of pressure.
D．students should cover their paper to prevent cheating.
12．What does Fiona think of cheating
A．It is always wrong to cheat in exams.
B．It is completely OK for students to cheat.
C．Lazy students can cheat in exams now and then.
D．Teachers sometimes should be responsible for students’ cheating.
Food expressions are popular with language learners. They combine two things important to every culture: food and language. Today we are going to talk potatoes!
Whether you like them boiled, baked or fried—potatoes are what we call a staple. This means they are a kind of basic food that you can build on. You can cover them in butter, salt and pepper or sour cream and herbs. And for people who eat pork, you have not lived until you have eaten a baked potato topped with cheese and bacon!
We have a potato expression to describe a person like that: simple, basic, common. If someone is a “meat-and-potatoes” kind of person, they prefer eating simple meals such as—well, meat and potatoes. They are not interested in complex, expensive food. They are unpretentious.
Men are often described by this expression. When I hear about a “meat-and-potatoes” man, I picture a big, beefy-guy. He likes to wear blue jeans and a simple T-shirt. He probably drives a truck and can fix it himself. He is a simple, no-nonsense kind of guy.
It is a little less common, but we can also describe a woman as a “meat-and-potatoes” kind of person. This type of woman not only likes to eat steak and hamburgers, she is also a down-to-earth (实际的) person. She likes simple things and can take care of herself.
People can also be called “small potatoes”. It is a way of saying they are not a danger. If police in a big city do not have enough resources, they probably won’t waste manpower on small potatoes, like bicycle thieves(小偷). Please note that we may say “small potatoes” for unimportant matters, but we do not say “big potatoes” for important ones. English is funny that way!
13．Why does the author mention different ways to cook potatoes in Paragraph 2
A．To recommend his favourite potato dish.
B．To introduce different types of potatoes in different countries’ cooking.
C．To show that potatoes are a main food for most people in their lives.
D．To show that people have not lived until they have eaten a baked potato.
14．What does the underlined word “unpretentious” (Para. 3) mean
A．Special. B．Straightforward. C．Rich. D．Lazy.
15．What kind of woman can be described by “meat-and-potato”
A．Women who like to wear blue jeans. B．Women who can look after themselves well.
C．Women who do not like to eat hamburgers. D．Women who like expensive things.
16．What can we learn from this passage
A．Women are not willing to be described as “meat-and-potatoes”.
B．A boy who stole a piece of bread might be called a “small potato” by the police.
C．People often use “big potatoes” to describe very important things.
D．If someone is in danger, he can be called “meat-and-potatoes”.
In the city I live in, we have a small local national park full of trees. I like that place very much, although I do wish it was bigger.
One day, I was walking around in the park along a path (小路) when I saw a beautiful squirrel (松鼠) lying in the middle of the path. I stopped and found that there was something wrong with one of its legs.
Just at that time, a man with two little kids was behind me. They were my neighbors. They were going up the same path. I said hello to them. The dad asked me, “Why are you standing still here ” I said,“Look! Here is a beautiful squirrel, but....” Noticing the squirrel, one of the kids shouted, “Quickly dad, catch it for me. I want to put it in my birdcage.” His brother nodded, asking their dad to catch the squirrel.
Then I stopped them.“Please wait. Do you really want to catch it and put it into the birdcage ” My neighbor said, “Yes. I will catch it and take it home.” I said angrily, “Animals are our friends and this is the last place in our city that the squirrel can live in. We must protect them. If we are kind to this tiny animal then we can start to be kind to bigger ones.” My neighbor smiled and said,“You misunderstood me. I will take it home and cure (治疗) it and when it is well, I will take it back to the park and set it free. Do you come long with me ”After hearing his words, I became happy. I followed him with the injured squirrel to his home. A few days later, when the squirrel was well, we took it back to the park and sent it free.
I felt glad that we did a good thing. We should protect animals.
17．Where did the author see the squirrel
A．In his back yard. B．In a small birdcage.
C．In a local park. D．In his neighbor’s home.
18．What do you know about the squirrel
A．It was injured. B．It was lost.
C．It was dead. D．It was dirty.
19．How did the author feel when hearing the neighbor’s words at first
A．Doubtful. B．Excited. C．Anxious. D．Angry.
20．What happened to the squirrel in the end
A．It was killed.
B．It was sold.
C．It was sent back to the park.
D．It was kept in the birdcage.
21．The story inspires people to ________.
A．treat animals friendly
B．communicate with kids sometimes
C．go to local parks more often
D．get along well with neighbors
Common Sense Media(媒体),a group that helps children, parents and teachers better understand media and technology, did a study. It paid attention to all kinds of activities about media, from old ways like reading and listening to the radio, to new favorites like using social media and video chatting. More than 2,600 teens were surveyed. Here are some truths and myths(荒诞的说法) the study found:
Truth 1: Some teens spend too much time looking at screens.
One in five teens use more than six hours of screen media each day, and 18% of teens are looking at their screens for more than 10 hours a day. Often they watch television on one while chatting with friends on another.
Myth 1: This is the end of reading.
The average (平均的)time young people spend reading, either in print or on a screen, is only 30 minutes a day. However, teens who took the survey say reading is one of their favorite activities.
Truth 2: Boys prefer video games; girls prefer social media.
Among teen boys, 71% enjoy playing video games, twice as many as teen girls. And while more than 25% of teen boys list playing video games as their favorite media activity,only 2% of teen girls do. What’s more, teen girls spend about 40 minutes more each day on social media than boys do.
Myth 2: TV and music have been muscled out(强行逐出)
For teens,TV is still the top media activity.They enjoy it the most and watch it every day. In fact, 47% of teens have TV sets in their bedrooms. For teens, music is the main form of amusement. However,only about a third listen to music on the radio. Most teens listen on their smartphones.
22．What can we learn from Truth 1
A．Teens prefer to watch TV rather than chat with friends
B．Teen boys spend more time on screens than teen girls.
C．20% of teens spend more than 6 hours on screens a day
D．Teens spend too much time chatting with friends online.
23．As for reading in the survey, teens ________.
A．think it is enjoyable
B．prefer to read at school
C．think it is a cheap hobby
D．prefer to read on a screen
24．What percent of teen girls enjoy playing video games
A．About 2%. B．About 25%. C．About 35%. D．About 70%.
25．What can we learn from Myth 2
A．TV and music have been muscled out.
B．Most teens hope to have their own smartphones.
C．More than half teens have TV sets in their bedrooms.
D．It’s popular for teens to listen to music on smartphones.
26．What is the subject of the survey
A．Teens’reading activities.
B．Teens’ interests and hobbies.
C．Media and technology in teens’life.
D．The influence of social media on teens.
At the age of 60 Chen Lie suffered a stroke(中风). As part of her recovery, she had to relearn how to do everything with her left hand, resulting in much annoyance. One day, for the first time in her life, she picked up one of her grandchild’s paintbrushes and just started putting color on the paper.
Happiness dawned on Chen as she suddenly could paint lovely natural scenery. “I had nothing else to do, so I just picked up the paintbrush and had a try,” Chen said.
After her stroke, Chen completed in-patient therapy(治疗)in Texas. Then she moved to New York to enroll in an experimental robotic-assisted therapy program. With the robotic arm, she could complete more tasks that were impossible before. “Every time I recovered something, I would tell the good news to the program members,” Chen said. “They thought it was a wonder that I could do something like painting.”
Chen has completed about 500 paintings to date. During the month of May, which is National Stroke Awareness Month, she was painting one every day and posting a picture of it on her Facebook page, Stroke of Hope, to help raise awareness.
“I often read about how to paint,” said Chen. “I’ve gained a lot of knowledge, so besides the hand painting, the brain keeps thinking. That’s good for stroke patients to keep the brain working.” Chen’s daughter Liana said, “It’s nice to see Mom doing something she loves.”
Stroke Awareness Oregon had contacted the family to see if it was possible to include some of her paintings in an auction (拍卖) to raise money for awareness and rapid response programs for stroke patients in the state. “They go to a good cause, which is what Mom wants to achieve with stroke of Hope—really putting the word out there that it’s not over once you have a stroke,” said Liana.
27．What caused Chen Lie to start painting
A．The anxiety and boredom during her illness
B．The encouragement from her grandchild.
C．Her determination to overcome illness
D．Her wish to be a well-known artist.
28．What is Paragraph 3 intended to tell us
A．The stroke greatly influenced Chen’s life
B．Chen helped improve a stroke therapy program
C．Chen was unwilling to use the robotic arm at first
D．The therapy allowed Chen to gain abilities gradually
29．Why did Chen post her paintings on social media
A．To develop her talent for painting.
B．To raise more money for her treatment
C．To draw public attention to the stroke.
D．To report her condition to her followers.
30．What does Chen most probably inspire other stroke patients to do
A．Receive timely treatment and seek expert advice.
B．Keep their minds active and stay positive
C．Feel energetic by getting close to nature.
D．Take up new hobbies related to art
31．What lesson can we get from Chen’s story
A．bad beginning makes a bad ending.
B．All things are difficult before they are easy.
C．When life gives you lemons, make lemonade.
D．Knowledge without practice makes but half an artist.
Many people love gum(口香糖). Delicious as it is, the dirty waste can be a problem for humans. The main material for gum cannot break down naturally. Lots of gum waste ends up being thrown away into the rivers and grounds each year.
Now thanks to the company, Gumdrop Ltd., there may be a way to deal with this problem. The UK-based company has come up with a clever idea that enables easy disposal of gum waste using pink boxes they’ve produced. Passers-by can simply throw any unwanted gum into the pink boxes set up across London. Once full, they are mailed to the factory where the gum is used to create more pink boxes. The company said that gum waste could be changed into other useful things like shoes as well.
Bullus, who founded the company, said she decided to create the clever boxes after observing the mess caused by gum waste on the streets of London. She had spent many months studying how to use gum waste as a material for the clever boxes. After hundreds of failures, she finally succeeded.
To know whether people would like to throw gum waste into the pink boxes, she did two tests. She set up two boxes inside a men’s restroom at Southampton Airport. Bullus said they had to pick up the full boxes just 5 times a year, an effort that cost the company $300. But airport officials would have spent $4,600 over the same period cleaning up the mess left behind by carelessly thrown gum waste. A similar test at London’s famous Villiers Street resulted in a 40% decrease(减少)in gum waste.
Their success has led to the rapid setting-up of the pink boxes across London. Bullus now hopes the pink boxes can help not only London, but also many other places. There are many countries and cities where gum is a problem. The company has also introduced the pink boxes that can be easily carried by people.
32．The introduction to gum in the first paragraph is mainly to show ______.
A．it’s a kind of unhealthy food
B．it’s environmentally unfriendly
C．it needs improvement in quality
D．it becomes popular all over the world
33．What do we know about the pink boxes made by Gumdrop Ltd.
A．They can break down gum waste
B．They can change people’s views on gum
C．They are used for recycling gum waste.
D．They are made from the same materials as shoes
34．What may best describe Bullus according to Paragraph 3
A．Creative and hardworking. B．Funny and smart
C．Kind and courageous. D．Careful and trustful
35．We can learn from the two tests that the pink boxes ______.
A．lead to a decrease in gum sales
B．can be too costly for some airports
C．are less helpful in busy places
D．reduce the pressure to deal with gum waste
36．What’s probably Bullus’s future plan
A．Applying the pink boxes in more places.
B．Encouraging people to avoid buying gum.
C．Making it more convenient to carry the pink boxes.
D．Improving London’s relationship with other cities.
So you’re trying to cut back on spending. Congratulations. You’ve made a wise decision but it is not necessarily a path that is easy to follow. The temptation to over-spend is an ever-present, inviting itch that you’ll need to avoid scratching. But, armed with the right set of principles. you can keep it at bay.
Step 1
If you are going shopping, make sure you only take enough money with you to buy what you need. Extra money is often an excuse for extra spending. If you shop with charge cards, be sure that credit limit is only high enough to keep you from making impulsive purchases.
Step 2
Separate necessary spending and indulgence spending. It’s a good way to keep that money from flying out of your wallet. If you always pay for necessities first then you won’t have the cash flow for the extras that, while you’d love to have them, you don’t really need them.
Step 3
Take another person along who understand your goal of keeping spending down. They can be your second conscience when you see that cute purse on sale and are attempting to justify the purchase. A frown and a shake of the head from your shopping buddy might be the extra signal that persuades you to leave it behind.
Step 4
Don’t spend more than you have to, even on necessities. Shopping around you’ll find that many everyday items that you do have to buy can be bought for less. Try the store brand instead of the name brand, and shop where you can find bargains. Saving a little money in this area may allow you a bit of self-indulgent spending now and then, as long as you have to “earn” that extra spending by saving.
37．What can we infer from the first paragraph
A．The customers are traveling on the sea. B．The customers are trying to spend less.
C．The customers can’t help spending more. D．There are principles about spending.
38．What can we do to stop ourselves from spending impulsively
A．Avoid a company going to shop with you. B．Limit the amount of money you take
C．Spend less on what you need most D．Pay for what you need most first
39．According to the passage, _________.
A．using charge cards encourages extra spending B．people often buy things that they don’t want
C．the shopping buddy may help you spend more D．you should buy whatever you want
40．The purpose of the author writing this article is _________.
A．to give advice on how to shop B．to help customers shop wisely
C．to guide people in using credit cards when shopping D．to offer advice on how to keep spending down
41．What does the word “it” in the first paragraph refer to
A．Scratching B．Itch C．Spending D．Over spending.
My mother and sister had gone through Grandma’s belongings after her memorial service and decided on the sewing machine for me. I wasn’t sure if I was the right person for it, though. I hadn’t sewn since taking a class in high school. This would take some experimenting.
I opened the built-in drawer to find Grandma’s old pieces of thread. I held her tomato-shaped pincushion(针垫)and thought of all the memories wrapped up in this machine. Grandma had become a tailoress(女裁缝) out of necessity. With four small children to clothes, he’d quickly learned how to sew almost everything they needed. For over 30 years, Grandma kept up with her sewing. She made matching Easter dresses for my sister and me and costumes for our school festivals. She was always in search of a new project, whether it was teaching our neighbors or sewing dresses for the homeless. But for the last several years of her life, dementia(痴呆) had left a shy and silent woman in place of the strong opinionated loving grandmother I’d known.
To honor Grandma’s memory, I wanted a project to help people the way she had. With the stay-at-home order in place because of Covid-19, I certainly had the time. So I dug out Grandma’s machine to sew masks, and read up on how to sew. I turned on my computer to research how to get the machine going again. After hours of digging through old black-and-white handbooks and sewing lessons online, I operated the machine on more time. I held my breath and pressed down on the pedal. Hurrah! It worked! In no time, my fingers were flying, steadily moving material under the very cooperative needle. When I sewed enough masks for my family, I kept going. I delivered nearly 500 masks to a hard-hit hospital in the area. Quite a big job for an old sewing machine.
A staff member met me outside to receive the donation. “Thank you,” she said, not knowing that any thanks for my efforts belonged to Grandma, who provided the inspiration.
42．Why did the author doubt herself about accepting the sewing machine
A．She was not fond of it.
B．She didn’t usually sew much.
C．She had no interest in sewing.
D．She hoped to donate it to charities.
43．What can be inferred about the author’s grandma
A．She dreamed of being a tailor
B．She kept sewing as a hobby.
C．She was ready to help others.
D．She had always been optimistic.
44．What does the underlined phrase “read up on” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．Studied a lot about.
B．Thought of slowly.
C．Noticed or observed.
D．Lost one’s heart to.
45．How to describe the author’s success with sewing machine
A．It is a long tiring process for her.
B．She overcame many difficulties.
C．She received a lot of help from others.
D．It just took her a few hours to operate it skillfully.
46．Which of the following would be best title for this text
A．I Have Donated Nearly 500 Masks.
B．My Grandmother Inspired Me to Help Others.
C．I Finally Learned to Use a Sewing Machine.
D．Making Masks For Others Is Such a Pleasure.
参考答案
1．C
2．A
3．D
4．C
5．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是在过去的25年里，英国社会发生了很大的变化。然而，关于一个人是“工人阶级”还是“中产阶级”的社会阶层观念却几乎没有发生变化。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In the past, the working-class tended to be paid less than middle-class people, such as teachers and doctors. As a result of this and also of the fact that workers’ jobs were generally much less secure, distinct differences in life-styles and attitudes came into existence.(在过去，工人阶级的收入往往低于中产阶级，如教师和医生。由于这一点，也由于工人的工作普遍缺乏保障，生活方式和态度出现了明显的差异。)”可知收入和稳定性被看做是阶级不同的主要原因。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The type of what a middle-class man did with his money was perhaps nearer the truth. He was and still is likely to take a longer-term view. Not only did he regard buying a house to provide him and his family with security.(中产阶级的人是如何处理他的钱的也许更接近事实。他过去和现在都很可能有更长远的眼光。他认为买房子不仅是为了给他和他的家人提供保障。)”可知中产阶级处理钱财的方式在过去和现在没有区别，所以作者在向我们表明文章对于中产阶级花钱方式的描述是相当真实的。故选A项。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“In fact there has been a growing tendency in the past few years for the middle-classes to feel slightly ashamed of their position.(事实上，在过去几年里，中产阶级对自己的地位感到有点羞愧的趋势越来越大。)”可知中产阶级现在对自己的地位有时会感到自卑，所以可以推断在过去中产阶级的典型特点是他们对于自己没有自卑感。故选D项。
4．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Nowadays, much has changed. In a large number of cases factory workers earn as much. Social security and laws have made it less necessary than before to worry about “tomorrow”. Working-class people seem slowly to be losing the feeling of inferiority (自卑感) they had in the past.(如今，情况发生了很大变化。在很多情况下，工厂工人的收入和中产阶级一样多。社会保障和法律使人们不再像以前那样担心“明天”。工人阶级似乎正在失去他们以往的自卑感。)”可知收入的增加，法律保障以及社会保障的提供都让工人阶级的安全感增加了，而C项的better jobs are available for all of them文章中没有提到。故选C项。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“In fact there has been a growing tendency in the past few years for the middle-classes to feel slightly ashamed of their position.(事实上，在过去几年里，中产阶级对自己的地位感到有点羞愧的趋势越来越大。)”可知中产阶级有时会感到自卑，依据最后一段“The changes in both life-styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen among younger people. They generally tend to share very similar tastes in music and clothes. They spend their money enjoying themselves, and save for holidays or longer-term plans when necessary. There seems to be much less difference than in previous generations. Nevertheless, we still have a wide gap between the well-paid and the low-paid.(生活方式和态度的变化可能在年轻人中最为明显。他们通常在音乐和服装方面有着非常相似的品味。他们把钱花在享受上，并在必要时为度假或长期计划攒钱。与前几代人相比，现在的差异似乎要小得多。然而，我们在高收入和低收入之间仍然有很大的差距。)”可知工薪阶层和中产阶级年轻人之间的差距正在缩小，但是两个阶级之间的收入差距仍然存在，依据第一段“Over the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal. In some ways, however, very little has changed. Ideas about social class whether a person is “working-class” or “middle-class” are one area in which changes have been extremely slow.(在过去的25年里，英国社会发生了很大的变化。然而，在某些方面，几乎没有什么改变。关于一个人是“工人阶级”还是“中产阶级”的社会阶层观念是一个变化极其缓慢的领域。)”可知在英国社会阶层观念几乎没有发生改变，所以选项A Changes are slowly taking place in all aspects of the British society.不正确。故选A项。
6．B
7．B
8．D
9．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述一项研究表明狗狗可以用眼睛同人类建立关系，并说明了这项研究的过程及意义。
6．细节理解题。根据第一段“Dog lovers are well aware of the ability of a dog to communicate with its eyes. Now, scientific research suggests this ability developed over time as dogs learned to live with humans. (爱狗人士很清楚狗狗用眼睛交流的能力。现在，科学研究表明，这种能力是随着狗学习与人类一起生活的时间而发展起来的。)”可知这项关于狗的新研究发现了狗已经发展出了用眼睛与人类交流的能力。故选B。
7．细节理解题。根据第二段“The study compared the face of dogs and wolves (狼), which share family history. Dogs broke off from wolves after being kept by and living with humans about 33,000 years ago. (该研究比较了狗和狼的脸，它们有相同的家族史。大约3.3万年前，狗被人类饲养并与人类生活在一起后，从狼身上分离出来。)”可知研究人员要比较狗和狼，是因为它们在早期属于同一个家族。故选B。
8．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“This expression also makes the dog look more like a human baby. The eye expression is similar to which humans make when they are sad, the statement said. The researchers suggest that the expression developed over time as a way for dogs to get humans to do things for them. This could include humans giving them food, care or attention. (这个表情也让狗看起来更像人类的婴儿。该声明称，这种眼神与人类悲伤时的表情相似。研究人员认为，随着时间的推移，这种表达是狗狗让人类为它们做事的一种方式。这可能包括人类给它们食物、照顾或关注。)” 可知狗狗抬眉毛的表情让狗狗看起来像一个需要父母照顾的人类婴儿符合题意，D项是正确的。故选D。
9．推理判断解题。根据最后一段“Anne Burrows said in the future the work could also be carried out on other animals with which humans have developed close relationships, including horses and cats. (Anne Burrows说，未来这项工作还可以在其他与人类有密切关系的动物身上进行，包括马和猫。)”可推断Anne Burrows认为未来将研究其他动物是如何与人互动的。故选A。
10．D
11．C
12．D
【导语】本文是说明文。文章列举了五个人对考试作弊问题的观点。
10．推理判断题。根据下面五个人对考试作弊的观点推知，文章开头应提出考试作弊是否可以这个问题。故选D。
11．细节理解题。根据第一人Stacey描述“I believe that cheating is wrong, but sometimes school can be so stressful (有压力的) that you have to look at your neighbor’s paper or bring a cheat sheet. Many of your classmates cheat, so when you see them cheat and get good grades, you want to cheat as well.”（我相信作弊是错误的，但有时学校的压力太大了，你不得不看你的邻桌的试卷或带小抄。你的许多同学作弊，所以当你看到他们作弊并取得好成绩时，你也想作弊）可知，Stacey的说法，许多学生因为压力而作弊。故选C。
12．细节理解题。根据最后一行Fiona描述“I think, well, cheating is OK if it’s the teacher’s fault. You know, if a teacher isn’t making the material understandable, you have to do something to keep your grades up. But it’s not OK when the reason is just ‘I’m lazy,’ ‘I’m tired,’ ‘I don’t like it,’ or ‘I would rather sleep in class.’”（我认为，如果是老师的错，作弊是可以的。你知道，如果老师没有使材料（被）理解，你必须做些什么来保持你的成绩。但如果只是因为“我懒”、“我累了”、“我不喜欢上课”或“我宁愿在课堂上睡觉”，那就不好了）可知，Fiona认为老师有时应该对学生的作弊负责。故选D。
13．C
14．B
15．B
16．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了potato（土豆）以及与其相关的一些短语。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段“Whether you like them boiled, braked or fried—potatoes are what we call a staple. This means they are a kind of basic food that you can build on. You can cover them in butter, salt and pepper or sour cream and herbs. And for people who eat pork, you have not lived until you have eaten a baked potato topped with cheese and bacon! (不管你是喜欢煮的、烤的、还是油炸的，土豆是我们所谓的主食。这意味着它们是一种基础食物，你可以在此基础上发挥。你可以在上面涂上黄油、盐、胡椒或酸奶油和香草。对于那些吃猪肉的人来说，如果你没有吃过涂有奶酪和培根的烤土豆，你就不算活着！)”可知作者提到不同的烹饪土豆的方法，是为了表明土豆是大多数人生活中的主要食物。故选C。
14．词义猜测题。根据第三段“We have a potato expression to describe a person like that: simple, basic, common. If someone is a ‘meat-and-potatoes’ kind of person, they prefer eating simple meals such as—well, meat and potatoes. They are not interested in complex, expensive food. They are unpretentious.(我们有一个土豆短语来描述这样的人：简单、基本、普通。如果一个人是‘meat-and-potatoes’类型的人，他们喜欢吃简单的食物，比如——嗯，肉和土豆。他们对复杂、昂贵的食物不感兴趣。他们是unpretentious。)”中的“they prefer eating simple meals”以及“They are not interested in complex, expensive food.”可知unpretentious指喜欢简单，对复杂昂贵的东西不感兴趣，与B选项Straightforward(简单的，不复杂的)意思相近，故选B。
15．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“It is a little less common, but we can also describe a woman as a ‘meat-and-potatoes’ kind of person. This type of woman not only likes to eat steak and hamburgers, she is also a down-to-earth (实际的) person. She likes simple things and can take care of herself.(虽然这个表达用来形容女人不常见，但我们也可以把一个女人描述为‘meat-and-potato’类型的人。这种类型的女性不仅喜欢吃牛排和汉堡包，而且还是一个接地气的人。她喜欢简单的东西，能照顾好自己。)”可知“meat-and-potato”类型的女人喜欢牛排和汉堡包，脚踏实地，喜欢简单的事物，且能够很好地照顾自己。故选B。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“People can also be called ‘small potatoes’. It is a way of saying they are not a danger. If police in a big city do not have enough resources, they probably won’t waste manpower on small potatoes, like bicycle thieves(小偷). Please note that we may say ‘small potatoes’ for unimportant matters, but we do not say ‘big potatoes’ for important ones.(人们也可以被称为‘small potatoes’。这是说他们不构成威胁的一种说法。如果一个大城市的警察没有足够的资源，他们可能不会把人力浪费在‘small potatoes’上，比如像自行车贼。请注意，对于不重要的事情，我们可能会说‘small potatoes’，但对于重要的事情，我们不会说‘big potatoes’。)”可知如果一个大城市的警察没有足够的警力，像偷车贼之类的小偷会被称作“small potatoes”，警方不会在他们身上花太多人力。故选B。
17．C
18．A
19．D
20．C
21．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述作者和邻居救助受伤的松鼠的故事。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段中“One day, I was walking around in the park along a path (小路) when I saw a beautiful squirrel (松鼠) lying in the middle of the path.(一天，我沿着一条小路在公园里散步，这时我看到一只漂亮的松鼠躺在路中间)”可知，作者是在当地的一个公园里看到松鼠的。故选C。
18．细节理解题。根据第二段中“I stopped and found that there was something wrong with one of its legs.(我停下来，发现它的一条腿有问题)”可知，松鼠受伤了。故选A。
19．细节理解题。根据第四段中“I said angrily…(我生气地说……)”可知，听到邻居说要把松鼠抓回家，作者很生气。故选D。
20．细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“A few days later, when the squirrel was well, we took it back to the park and sent it free.(几天后，松鼠好了，我们把它带回了公园，把它送走了)”可知，最后松鼠被送回公园。故选C。
21．推理判断题。根据文章内容，结合最后一段“I felt glad that we did a good thing. We should protect animals.(我很高兴我们做了一件好事。我们应该保护动物)”可知，文章主要讲述作者和邻居救助受伤的松鼠的故事，鼓励人们平等对待动物。故选A。
22．C
23．A
24．C
25．D
26．C
【导语】本文为一篇应用文。Common Sense Media做了一项对孩子们生活中的传播媒介使用情况的调查，得出的一些事实和错误观念。
22．细节理解题。根据文章Truth 1: Some teens spend too much time looking at screens.中的“One in five teens use more than six hours of screen media each day, and 18% of teens are looking at their screens for more than 10 hours a day.(五分之一的青少年每天使用超过6小时的屏幕媒体，18%的青少年每天看屏幕的时间超过10小时。)” 可知，五分之一（20%）的青少年每天花在屏幕上的时间超过六个小时，故C项正确。
23．细节理解题。根据Myth 1: This is the end of reading.中的“However, teens who took the survey say reading is one of their favorite activities.(然而，参加调查的青少年表示，阅读是他们最喜欢的活动之一。)”可知，在这项分析中，关于阅读，青少年认为是令人愉快的。故A项正确。
24．细节理解题。根据Truth 2: Boys prefer video games; girls prefer social media.中的“Among teen boys, 71% enjoy playing video games, twice as many as teen girls.(在青少年中，71%的男孩喜欢玩视频游戏，是女孩的两倍。)”可知在十几岁的男孩之中，有71%喜欢玩视频游戏，是女孩的两倍，因此喜欢玩视频游戏的女孩大约35%。故C项正确。
25．细节理解题。根据Myth 2: TV and music have been muscled out(强行逐出)中的“For teens, TV is still the top media activity. They enjoy it the most and watch it every day. In fact, 47% of teens have TV sets in their bedrooms. For teens, music is the main form of amusement. However, only about a third listen to music on the radio. Most teens listen on their smartphones.( 对于青少年来说，电视仍然是他们最喜欢的媒体活动。他们最喜欢看，每天都看。事实上，47%的青少年在卧室里有电视机。对青少年来说，音乐是主要的娱乐形式。然而，只有大约三分之一的人在收音机上听音乐。大多数青少年用智能手机听音乐。)”可知，音乐是主要的娱乐形式。只有三分之一用收音机听音乐。大多数青少年用智能手机听音乐。故D项正确。
26．细节理解题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段第一句“Common Sense Media(媒体),a group that helps children, parents and teachers better understand media and technology, did a study.( Common Sense Media是一个帮助儿童、家长和教师更好地理解媒体和技术的组织，他们做了一项研究。)”可知，Common Sense Media做了一项研究，帮助孩子，家长和老师更好地理解媒体和技术，由此可知，本文主要是对孩子们生活中的传播媒介使用情况的调查得出的几种结论，研究的主题是青少年生活中的媒体和科技。故C项正确。
27．A
28．D
29．C
30．B
31．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了一位女士在中风后偶然拿起画笔之后竟意外发现自己在绘画方面的天赋，并且有可能鼓舞到其他中风病人们有信心继续积极乐观地生活。
27．细节理解题。根据第一段“As part of her recovery, she had to relearn how to do everything with her left hand, resulting in much annoyance.( 在康复过程中，她不得不重新学习如何用左手做事情，这给她带来了很多烦恼)”可知，她中风后右手偏瘫，学习用左手笨拙地做事情，很焦虑烦闷，及第二段“I had nothing else to do, so I just picked up the paintbrush and had a try,(我没有其他事情可做，所以我就拿起画笔试了一下)”可知，也是没找到自己喜欢的事情，很无聊，所以无意间拿起孙子的画笔画画。由此可知，Chen Lie是因为患病期间的焦虑和无聊开始画画。故选A项。
28．细节理解题。根据第三段“Then she moved to New York to enroll in an experimental robotic-assisted therapy program. With the robotic arm, she could complete more tasks that were impossible before.( 后来，她到了纽约，参加了一个实验性的机器人辅助治疗项目。有了机械臂，她可以完成更多以前不可能完成的任务)”可知，这个疗法使她逐渐有了一些能力。故选D项。
29．细节理解题。根据第四段“During the month of May, which is National Stroke Awareness Month, she was painting one every day and posting a picture of it on her Facebook page, Stroke of Hope, to help raise awareness.(五月是全国中风宣传月，她每天都画一幅，并把其中一张发布在她的Facebook主页“Stroke of Hope”上，以帮助提高人们的意识)”可知，她把画作发在媒体上是为了帮助提高人们对中风的认识，引起公众对中风病人的关注。故选C项。
30．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“I often read about how to paint,..I’ve gained a lot of knowledge, so besides the hand painting, the brain keeps thinking. That’s good for stroke patients to keep the brain working.( 我经常阅读关于如何绘画的书籍，我学到了很多知识，所以除了手在画画，大脑也一直在思考。保持大脑工作对中风患者是有好处的)” 可知，她的做法有可能会鼓励到其他中风病人保持大脑活跃并保持积极乐观心态。故选B项。
31．推理判断题。根据第一段“At the age of 60 Chen Lie suffered a stroke(中风). As part of her recovery, she had to relearn how to do everything with her left hand, resulting in much annoyance.( 60岁时，陈烈中风了。在康复过程中，她不得不重新学习如何用左手做事情，这给她带来了很多烦恼)”，倒数第二段“I often read about how to paint,..I’ve gained a lot of knowledge, so besides the hand painting, the brain keeps thinking. That’s good for stroke patients to keep the brain working.( 我经常阅读关于如何绘画的书籍，我学到了很多知识，所以除了手在画画，大脑也一直在思考。保持大脑工作对中风患者是有好处的)”以及最后一段的““They go to a good cause, which is what Mom wants to achieve with stroke of Hope—really putting the word out there that it’s not over once you have a stroke,” said Liana.(莉安娜说：“它们会去做一个好的事业，这是妈妈希望通过“希望之中风”来实现的，这真的让人知道，一旦你中风，一切都不会结束。”)”可知，陈遭遇了不幸，后面她开始了画画，并发在网上，鼓励中风病人，积极生活，并拍卖作品为公益组织筹钱。C项“当生活给了你酸柠檬时，就把它做成酸甜的柠檬汁吧”寓意是 ：在不利的状况下积极面对，符合文章内容。故选C项。
32．B
33．C
34．A
35．D
36．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文，本文主要介绍了Bullus为解决口香糖对环境的不利影响而研制出来的粉红盒子。
32．推理判断题。根据第一段“Many people love gum(口香糖). Delicious as it is, the dirty waste can be a problem for humans. The main material for gum cannot break down naturally. Lots of gum waste ends up being thrown away into the rivers and grounds each year.(许多人喜欢口香糖。虽然它很美味，但这脏的垃圾对人类来说可能是一个问题。口香糖的主要原料不能自然分解。每年都有大量的口香糖垃圾被丢弃到河里和地上。)”以及第二段第一句“Now thanks to the company, Gumdrop Ltd., there may be a way to deal with this problem. (现在多亏了Gumdrop有限公司，也许有办法解决这个问题。)”可知第一段介绍口香糖是为了说明口香糖所带来的问题，口香糖垃圾不能分解，会造成环境污染。故选B。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“Once full, they are mailed to the factory where the gum is used to create more pink boxes. The company said that gum waste could be changed into other useful things like shoes as well.(一旦满了，它们就会被邮寄到工厂，在那里，口香糖被用来制造更多的粉色盒子。该公司表示，口香糖垃圾也可以变成其他有用的东西，比如鞋子。)”可知，粉红色盒子被用来回收利用口香糖垃圾，故选C。
34．推理判断题。根据第三段“Bullus, who founded the company, said she decided to create the clever boxes after observing the mess caused by gum waste on the streets of London. She had spent many months studying how to use gum waste as a material for the clever boxes. After hundreds of failures, she finally succeeded.(创立这家公司的Bullus说，她在伦敦街头观察到口香糖垃圾造成的脏乱后，决定制作这种精巧的盒子。她花了好几个月的时间研究如何将口香糖垃圾用作制作精巧盒子的材料。经过数百次失败，她终于成功了。)”可知 Bullus有创造力且工作努力。故选A。
35．细节理解题。根据第四段中“She set up two boxes inside a men’s restroom at Southampton Airport. Bullus said they had to pick up the full boxes just 5 times a year, an effort that cost the company $300. But airport officials would have spent $4,600 over the same period cleaning up the mess left behind by carelessly thrown gum waste. A similar test at London’s famous Villiers Street resulted in a 40% decrease(减少)in gum waste.(她在Southampton机场的一个男洗手间里放了两个箱子。Bullus说，他们一年只需要捡5次装满的盒子，这项工作花费了该公司300美元。但在同一时期，机场官员将花费4600美元清理不小心扔掉的口香糖垃圾留下的烂摊子。在伦敦著名的Villiers Street进行的一次类似测试使口香糖垃圾减少40%。)”可知这两次测试中粉红色的盒子存在可以减轻处理口香糖垃圾的压力，故选D。
36．推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“Bullus now hopes the pink boxes can help not only London, but also many other places.(Bullus现在希望这些粉色盒子不仅能帮助伦敦，还能帮助许多其他地方。) ”可知Bullus未来计划是把粉红盒子应用到其他城市。故选A。
37．C
38．B
39．A
40．D
41．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四个花钱的原则，可以避免过度消费。
37．推理判断题。根据第一段“So you’re trying to cut back on spending. Congratulations. You’ve made a wise decision but it is not necessarily a path that is easy to follow. The temptation to over-spend is an ever-present, inviting itch that you’ll need to avoid scratching. But, armed with the right set of principles. you can keep it at bay.(所以你想削减开支。祝贺你。你已经做了一个明智的决定，但这并不一定是一条容易遵循的道路。过度消费的诱惑是一个永远存在的诱惑，你需要避免去挠它。但是，有了正确的原则。你可以控制住它)”可推知，顾客忍不住多花钱。故选C。
38．细节理解题。根据第二段“If you are going shopping, make sure you only take enough money with you to buy what you need. Extra money is often an excuse for extra spending.(如果你要去购物，确保你带的钱只够买你需要的东西。额外的钱常常是额外消费的借口)”可知，我们能限制带的钱的数量，来阻止自己冲动消费。故选B。
39．细节理解题。根据第二段中“If you shop with charge cards, be sure that credit limit is only high enough to keep you from making impulsive purchases.(如果你用信用卡购物，要确保信用额度只高到足以防止你冲动购物)”可知，使用信用卡会鼓励额外消费。故选A。
40．推理判断题。根据第一段“So you’re trying to cut back on spending. Congratulations. You’ve made a wise decision but it is not necessarily a path that is easy to follow. The temptation to over-spend is an ever-present, inviting itch that you’ll need to avoid scratching. But, armed with the right set of principles. you can keep it at bay.(所以你想削减开支。祝贺你。你已经做了一个明智的决定，但这并不一定是一条容易遵循的道路。过度消费的诱惑是一个永远存在的诱惑，你需要避免去挠它。但是，有了正确的原则。你可以控制住它)”可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是就如何减少开支提供建议。故选D。
41．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“The temptation to over-spend is an ever-present, inviting itch that you’ll need to avoid scratching.(过度消费的诱惑是一个永远存在的诱惑，你需要避免去挠它)”以及画线词后文“is not necessarily a path that is easy to follow”可知，过度消费并不一定是一条容易遵循的道路。故it指的是“过度消费”。故选D。
42．B
43．C
44．A
45．D
46．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了我在外婆的激励下学会缝纫，帮助他人。
42．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“I wasn’t sure if I was the right person for it, though. I hadn’t sewn since taking a class in high school. This would take some experimenting. (但我不确定我是不是合适的人选。自从高中上过一门缝纫课后，我就再也没做过缝纫了。这需要一些实验)”可知，作者怀疑自己是否应接受缝纫机，因为她通常不怎么缝东西。故选B。
43．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“She was always in search of a new project, whether it was teaching our neighbors or sewing dresses for the homeless. (她总是在寻找新的项目，无论是教我们的邻居，还是为无家可归的人缝制衣服)”可知，作者的外婆乐于助人。故选C。
44．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段划线处后句“I turned on my computer to research how to get the machine going again. (我打开电脑，研究如何使机器重新运转起来)”可知，学习了很多关于缝纫的知识。划线处和A项：Studied a lot about(研究了很多关于)含义接近。故选A。
45．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“I turned on my computer to research how to get the machine going again. After hours of digging through old black-and-white handbooks and sewing lessons online, I operated the machine on more time. (我打开电脑，研究如何使机器重新运转起来。在翻阅了几个小时的黑白旧手册和在线缝纫课程后，我延长了操作机器的时间)”以及“I held my breath and pressed down on the pedal. Hurrah! It worked! In no time, my fingers were flying, steadily moving material under the very cooperative needle. (我屏住呼吸，踩下踏板。好哇!它起作用了! 不一会儿，我的手指就飞了起来，在非常配合的针下平稳地移动着材料)”可知，她只花了几个小时就熟练地操作了。故选D。
46．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“A staff member met me outside to receive the donation. “Thank you,” she said, not knowing that any thanks for my efforts belonged to Grandma, who provided the inspiration.(一名工作人员在外面迎接我接受捐赠。“谢谢你”她说，她不知道我的努力应该得到奶奶的感谢，是她给了我激励)” 可知，文章主要讲述了我在外婆的激励下学会缝纫，帮助他人。故选B。

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