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2022—2023 学年高三上学期期末考试英语试卷（全国卷）
英语试题
（试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟）
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is the woman worried about
A. Her basketball skills.
B. The result of the last match.
C. Her performance in the Olympics.
2. Where are the speakers
A. At home. B. In a car. C. In a store.
3. What does the woman mean
A. Sophie bought a new apartment.
B. Sophie can be informed at the meeting.
C. Sophie shouldn’t be bothered by anyone.
4. Why does the man complain
A. The car moves too slowly.
B. He dislikes traveling by car.
C. It has been snowing for an hour.
5. How many goals did Mike’s school score in the game
A. 3. B. 2. C. 1.
第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。
6. How does the woman feel now
A. Excited. B. Hungry. C. Exhausted.
7. What does the man want to watch right now
A. A music programme. B. A movie. C. A sports match.
听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。
8. When does the man’s plane take off
A. At 3:30. B. At 4:00. C. At 5:30.
9. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Boss and secretary. B. Tourist and guide. C. Husband and wife.
听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。
10. What is the party for
A. A festival. B. A birthday. C. A vacation.
11. What is the man
A. A singer. B. A teacher. C. A student.
12. What will the headmaster do before the party
A. Sing an English song. B. Share his resolutions. C. Deliver a speech.
听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。
13. What does the man like best about the new supermarket
A. The Foods of the World section.
B. The state-of-the-art design.
C. The natural goods, meat and produce.
14. What does the woman think of the staff in the new supermarket
A. Impatient. B. Great. C. Inexperienced.
15. Where is the toy department
A. In front of the cafeteria.
B. On the third floor.
C. Behind the seafood section.
16. What does the man ask the woman to do tomorrow
A. Wait for him at the bus stop.
B. Give him a morning call.
C. Go shopping with him.
听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。
17. What do we know about the dance studios
A. They are spacious. B. They have big mirrors. C. They offer room for drinks.
18. Where is the Skate Center
A. It’s behind the tennis courts.
B. It’s next to the changing rooms.
C. It’s opposite the swimming pool.
19. What should 16-year-olds do first to join the leisure center
A. Pay an annual fee of $200.
B. Get their parents’ permission.
C. Fill in a form with personal information.
20. How much should you pay each time you attend the classes
A. $40. B. $21. C. $20.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Today’s modern travelers are journeying further to explore Europe off the beaten track, and bringing home new skills and experience. Here are 4 ideas for an unusual holiday in Europe.
Volunteer in Transylvania
Transylvania is a top choice for an unusual European city break, with wonderfully preserved medieval (中世纪的) towns and castles that inspired the famous novel Dracula. In addition, you can take your unusual holiday experience even further by volunteering in Eastern Europe’s largest bear reserve and working with bears.
Teach skiing in Austria
Austria is one of Europe’s top skiing destinations. If you’re looking for a more unusual way to spend a winter holiday, why not consider training to be a ski instructor there You’ll gain a qualification that is recognized worldwide, and this programme includes a guaranteed paid instructor job at a ski resort (旅游胜地) once you have finished your training.
Go diving in Spain
For a European holiday with a difference, take part in a plastic cleanup project based in Barcelona, help to empty plastic waste in the Mediterranean Sea and help protect the environment as you travel. This volunteer project combines diving with collecting plastic or other waste from the water, alongside giving you the chance to explore the city.
Explore Tuscany on horseback
Tuscany, one of the best places in Europe to explore on horseback, has witnessed a sharp increase in travelers. There are various activities that combine sightseeing with basic horse riding lessons and you can stay in Renaissance villas (文艺复兴风格的别墅) and farmhouses. You don’t need to have any experience for horse riding holidays, and they are a brilliant alternative to your typical guided tour.
21. What does the author suggest doing in Transylvania
A. Helping to care for bears. B. Finding a job in the castle.
C. Reading the novel Dracula. D. Visiting its modern buildings.
22. Where can you earn money while traveling
A. In Transylvania. B. In Tuscany.
C. In Spain. D. In Austria.
23. What do we know about horse riding holidays in Tuscany
A. They suit experienced riders.
B. They are unique to Tuscany.
C. They are growing in popularity.
D. They feature a typical guided tour.
B
Overlooking the Davis-Gant Varsity Soccer Field, a bed of overturned soil waits for further development. In a few years, this area will become a natural habitat and a playground for animals and residents. This peaceful area didn’t appear naturally, but through planning and action taken by Catlin Gabel’s Tiny Forest project launched by teacher Patrick Walsh.
Forests typically take hundreds of years to mature, with four stages of growth. “Tiny forests shorten the time through the planting of all four layers,” Walsh explained. The end result is a fast-growing, native forest in about 20 years. Over 600 plants from 43 species will be planted in the tiny forest, the first one in Oregon.
Walsh was inspired to build a tiny forest after hearing about this idea, which emerged in Japan and has taken hold in North America. He shared his vision with seniors in his class. The seniors researched tiny forests and made a proposal resulting in Clean Water Services donating 60 trees and $5,000 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Armed with these resources, Walsh and the students started working. “Something I didn’t really expect was the outpouring of students’ enthusiasm. Seeing students from all grades volunteered to contribute to the ‘dirty work’ really blew me away,” Walsh said.
Senior Megan Cover has been at the school since the first grade. “I’ll graduate after working on this project, which is surely sad, but it’s really rewarding and great to be a part of this project and do my bit. We’re creating this educational space for many young kids,” Cover said.
Walsh summed up his goal of the project, which is to build a place where students can enjoy and learn about nature. “The forest will obviously not solve climate change, but it would deserve the efforts if the kids think about climate change and remember the importance of reforestation (重新造林) and trees when they look at the forest.”
24. What is special about tiny forests
A. They originated in North America.
B. They are usually planted in schools.
C. They contain various types of trees.
D. They become mature in a shorter time.
25. What surprised Walsh in the process of planting the tiny forest
A. The abundance of native tree species.
B. Public concern about the environment.
C. The active participation of students.
D. Support from local organizations.
26. How does Megan Cover feel about the project
A. Proud. B. Hopeful.
C. Excited. D. Grateful.
27. What does Walsh want the forest to function as for the students
A. A source of enjoyment. B. A reminder.
C. A source of inspiration. D. A witness.
C
Lila Gleitman was driving her two-year-old daughter in the car when, going across a sharp turn, she advised her daughter to “hold on tight”. The kid responded, “Isn’t that ‘tightly’ ”
It was a turning point in her career. Realizing that her two-year-old already had an understanding of language made Gleitman want to get into her child’s head. She wondered: What does she know, and when does she know it
Gleitman turned those questions into a research career that helped define psycholinguistics (心理语言学). Her early interest coincided with Noam Chomsky, a frequent visitor to the University of Pennsylvania when she studied there. The two scholars considered that the mental systems which might produce the sentences you hear, are shaped by abstract rules that speakers may not even know that they know.
An early piece of Gleitman’s research, for example, researched small children’s “telegraphic” speech, in which many words are left out: a kid might say “throw ball” rather than “throw me the ball”. This seems to imply that the child’s knowledge is primitive. But she found that children obey instructions better when their parents use adult-style English than when they copy their kids.
So parents do not need to use “motherese” — her husband Henry’s term — with their children. She found that their progressive mastery of language rules had little to do with how much (or little) motherese their caregivers used.
As the learning process goes on, children deploy some remarkable strategies. They often seem to correctly guess what a word means after hearing it just once. The physical environment is an obvious encouragement (as when they hear “dog” and see one at the same time). But how would a child guess the meaning of the verb in “I believed that he lost his keys” Gleitman noticed that the sentence structure is identical to those with other verbs that mean similar things: saw, remembered, worried and doubted. More broadly, it turned out that verbs which are similar in meaning tend to turn up in similar sentence structures. This helps children learn quickly, a process she called “syntactic bootstrapping (语法自举)”.
28. What was the turning point in Gleitman’s career
A. Her husband’s persuasion. B. One suggestion from her professor.
C. One sentence from her daughter. D. Her meeting with Noam Chomsky.
29. When do kids follow their parents’ instructions better
A. When the parents use “motherese”.
B. When the parents use adult-style English.
C. When the parents copy their kids’ languages.
D. When the parents adopt remarkable strategies.
30. What does the underlined word “deploy” in the last paragraph probably mean
A. Use. B. Plan. C. Change. D. Abandon.
31. How does a kid know the meaning of a verb according to Gleitman
A. By looking it up in a dictionary. B. By being told by his or her parents.
C. By learning it in his or her school. D. By guessing it from sentence structures.
D
It’s one of the ultimate tests of willpower: you’ve been wandering around the market for hours and you’re tired and hungry. Then you catch a smell of something fragrant (香的) and delicious, probably fried and almost certainly fattening. Junk food companies are well aware that the smell of their product sets off a desire in your brain and that you’ll pay for that later. It is a response that has been researched, and you’d better believe your favorite fast-food chains have marketing teams that are using that research to their advantage.
Let’s take a closer look at this process. Have you ever noticed that whatever indulgent food (放纵型食品) catches your attention tends to be most appealing just after you first smell it A couple of minutes later you are standing in line, and it isn’t quite as appealing as it was just moments ago, but now you’ve invested time, so you trust your first feeling to treat yourself.
But a recent statement says that this is actually the right moment to walk away. Dipayan Biswas, a marketing professor, found there is a direct connection between how long a person is exposed to indulgent food smells and choosing healthier foods. “The results of a series of experiments show that extended exposure of more than two minutes to junk food smells leads to fewer purchases of unhealthy foods compared with no smell or a non-junk-food-related smell,” reads the summary of his study.
What appears to be going on here is that the brain doesn’t necessarily distinguish between a pleasurable smell and a pleasant taste. “Extended exposure to an indulgent food smell brings pleasure in the mind, which in turn reduces the desire for actual consumption of indulgent foods,” he explains. So next time you feel you don’t have the willpower to resist cookies, smell all that sweetness for just a minute or two. To your brain it’s the same as actually eating cookies, and the purchase desire would decrease.
32. What can we learn about junk food smells from the first paragraph
A. They hardly affect people’s food choices.
B. They can make a difference in marketing.
C. They are unlikely to fool wise customers.
D. They finally decrease people’s purchase desire.
33. What does the second paragraph basically serve as
A. An example. B. An argument. C. A comparison. D. A comment.
34. Which statement will Biswas probably agree with
A. The influence of food smells changes over time.
B. The senses of taste and smell are closely linked.
C. The behavior of smelling food doesn’t equal eating it.
D. The brain can’t tell where sensory pleasure is from.
35. Which of the following could the best title for the text
A. Train Your Brain to Resist Junk Food
B. Watch Out for Tricky Marketing Tools
C. Food Addiction Is Never About Willpower
D. Smelling Junk Food Longer Can Keep You Off It
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Some people love a great thunderstorm; others are frightened by the first flash of lightning or sound of thunder. 36 But there are easy steps you can take to protect your home and your life from lightning.
Protect Electronics from Severe Weather
37 It can follow the wires or phone lines into your room — ruining computers, TVs and other electronics. One protection against electronics being “fried” by lightning is simply to unplug them whenever a rain or a storm is coming. Disconnect Internet and satellite connections no matter where they are.
Reduce the Risk of Fire
Lightning rods (避雷针) can protect a building from catching fire. 38 They just provide a path for the electricity to reach the ground more safely. The rods at the top of the building are only the first part of a good system. When lightning strikes, the electricity needs to move to the ground. Wires conduct electricity from the lightning rods to metal rods buried in the ground.
39
Understand Lightning
When lightning hits the ground, a tree, a tower or even a building, it may also spreads along the ground, so being near something that’s struck by lightning is almost as dangerous as being hit directly by lightning. 40 The Empire State Building gets struck by lightning around 20 times every year. Its lightning rod protects the structure, as well as the people inside.
A. It can even strike the same spot more than once.
B. You might want to consider protecting an entire building.
C. When this happens, anything in its path could be in danger.
D. But the chance of lightning striking your house doesn’t change.
E. Each connection must be secure so lightning doesn’t jump to the building.
F. Lightning hitting your roof or nearby power lines is terrible but not worst.
G. Whether you love or hate them, thunderstorms produce dangerous lightning.
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 （共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When I was in primary school, my school had an annual sports day. Usually, girls were
41 in sports like jump rope and boys did the high jump, which I was 42 to take part in. I went to 43 up, but the coach said, “Girls don’t do the high jump.”
I went home and 44 Mom of the coach’s words. She visited the headmaster the next day. “Mr. White, Linda wants to do the high jump.” “Sorry, Mrs. Martinez, but it’s our 45 that girls can’t do it,” he said. “But Mr. White, I have no 46 of any rules saying that.” Finding no such rules, Mr. White, feeling 47 , said “I have to consider it” at last.
When we got home, Mom told me something I would always 48 : This wasn’t just about me. Other girls 49 wanted to do this, too. A week later, Mom went to Mr. White again. Finally, he 50 . As it turned out, I won the high jump competition. To my 51 , some of the cheers I got were from boys! My mother was 52 — it wasn’t about me. It was about making people 53 and see what girls could do. Later, I used this 54 in my career as a building contractor — women weren’t 55 to construct buildings. When I first 56 the business, Mom said, “Go ahead. Start small, but think 57 .” I started with small projects and now my company can handle large ones.
Those experiences taught me though people wouldn’t always 58 us, we should be brave to jump over 59 and take paths few girls and women would take. And this has really made a 60 .
41. A. interested B. involved C. skilled D. gifted
42. A. anxious B. hesitant C. ready D. afraid
43. A. build B. fix C. make D. sign
44. A. reminded B. informed C. convinced D. warned
45. A. convention B. conclusion C. compromise D. criterion
46. A. opinion B. sense C. knowledge D. intention
47. A. concerned B. annoyed C. discouraged D. embarrassed
48. A. remember B. undertake C. consider D. seek
49. A. accidentally B. obviously C. probably D. rarely
50. A. insisted B. agreed C. declined D. quit
51. A. satisfaction B. delight C. relief D. surprise
52. A. certain B. wrong C. right D. realistic
53. A. think about B. argue about C. approve of D. talk of
54. A. rule B. remark C. truth D. lesson
55. A. demanded B. qualified C. supposed D. designed
56. A. made way for B. set foot in C. threw light on D. kept track of
57. A. big B. hard C. long D. deep
58. A. help B. mind C. accept D. need
59. A. poles B. fences C. risks D. boundaries
60. A. point B. difference C. start D. hit
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With about half of the vast country covered in wilderness, China is the world’s third most species-rich country. Therefore, China’s 61 (achieve) in biodiversity conservation and wilderness protection are important to the future of global biodiversity conservation.
The vital biodiversity, 62 (combine) with a large population, has led the government to reconsider its protected area system and transform some wilderness areas such as the rainforest in Hainan 63 formal national parks. The new national park system will make it more practical
64 (preserve) habitats and species. The aim is to preserve biodiversity and ensure a
65 (harmony) relation between humans and nature.
The national parks cross China’s vast ecosystems, from the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park in the south 66 the Hainan gibbon — a critically endangered species live, the Giant Panda National Park, the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park, the Wuyi Mountain National Park to the Sanjiangyuan National Park on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau — 67 source of the Yellow River, the Yangtze River and the Lancang River. The diversity of species and habitats under protection 68 (reflect) in these parks’ names.
The national parks are open to all. Visitors can make reservations online in advance 69 book on the spot. They should acquire a little local knowledge to get 70 (they) ready for the amazing trip and maximize their enjoyment.
写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
To enrich students’ school life, an excited competition was held on last Saturday on the school playground. Ten boys and ten girls selected by each class lined beside the rope and grasped it, eager waiting for the start. With the whistle blowing, the participants tried their best to pull the rope, while those standing by cheered desperately for him. Eventually, every students of the class won the competition was awarded a delicate notebook.
The competition was highly thought by students. Not only did it build up their bodies, but also strengthen their teamwork. Plus, the competition received positive response from parents and teachers, what made a hit in the circle of WeChat.
书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是李华，你校将举办主题为“My dream of becoming a scientist”的演讲比赛。请给你校的交换生Eric写封邮件，邀请他一起参加，内容包括：
1. 发出邀请；
2. 比赛信息；
3. 表达期待。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2022—2023 学年高三上学期期末考试英语试卷（全国卷）
英 语 答 题 卡
第Ⅰ卷 选择题
第一部分：听力
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
[ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ]
[ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ]
[ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ]
第二部分：阅读理解
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[ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ]
[ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ]
[ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ]
[ D ] [ D ] [ D ] [ D ] [ D ] [ D ] [ D ] [ D ] [ D ] [ D ] [ D ] [ D ] [ D ] [ D ] [ D ] [ D ] [ D ] [ D ] [ D ] [ D ]
[ E ] [ E ] [ E ] [ E ] [ E ]
[ F ] [ F ] [ F ] [ F ] [ F ]
[ G ] [ G ] [ G ] [ G ] [ G ]
第三部分：语言知识运用（第一节）
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
[ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ] [ A ]
[ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ] [ B ]
[ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ] [ C ]
[ D ] [ D ] [ D ] [ D ] [ D ] [ D ] [ D ] [ D ] [ D ] [ D ] [ D ] [ D ] [ D ] [ D ] [ D ] [ D ] [ D ] [ D ] [ D ] [ D ]
第Ⅱ卷 非选择题
第三部分：语言知识运用（第二节）
请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！
第四部分：写作
第一节 短文改错
To enrich students’ school life, an excited competition was held on last Saturday on the school playground. Ten boys and ten girls selected by each class lined beside the rope and grasped it, eager waiting for the start. With the whistle blowing, the participants tried their best to pull the rope, while those standing by cheered desperately for him. Eventually, every students of the class won the competition was awarded a delicate notebook.
The competition was highly thought by students. Not only did it build up their bodies, but also strengthen their teamwork. Plus, the competition received positive response from parents and teachers, what made a hit in the circle of WeChat.
第二节 书面表达
请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！
11
准 考 证 号
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[ 1 ] [ 1 ] [ 1 ] [ 1 ] [ 1 ] [ 1 ] [ 1 ] [ 1 ] [ 1 ]
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注 意 事 项
1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名，准考证号填写清楚，并认真核准条形码上的姓名、准考证号，在规定位置贴好条形码。
2.选择题必须用2B铅笔填涂；填空题和解答题必须用0.5mm黑色签字笔答题，不得用铅笔或圆珠笔答题；字体工整、笔迹清晰。
3.请按题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。
4.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破。
姓 名 　　　　　 　　
贴 条 形 码 区
考生 缺考考生，监考员用2B
禁填 铅笔填涂左面的缺考标记
填涂样例 正确填涂
61. ________________________________ 62. ________________________________
63. ________________________________ 64. ________________________________
65. ________________________________ 66. ________________________________
67. ________________________________ 68. ________________________________
69. ________________________________ 70. ________________________________2022—2023 学年高三上学期期末考试英语试卷参考答案详解（全国卷）
英语试题
第一部分 听力
1—5 CABAA 6—10 CBCCA 11—15 BCABA 16—20 CBBCB
第二部分 阅读理解
第一节
A篇
本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了欧洲的四个不同寻常的旅游度假胜地。
21. A 细节理解题。根据题干中的Transylvania可将解题信息定位至Volunteer in Transylvania部分。根据该部分中的“you can take your unusual holiday ... working with bears”可知，作者建议游客在特兰西瓦尼亚旅行时去东欧最大的熊保护区做志愿者，帮忙照顾熊。故选A。
22. D 细节理解题。根据Teach skiing in Austria部分中的“this programme includes a guaranteed paid instructor job ... finished your training”可知，游客在奥地利可以接受培训成为一名滑雪教练，一旦培训结束就可得到有报酬的教练工作。因此如果你想在旅行的同时挣一些钱，你可以去奥地利。故选D。
23. C 推理判断题。根据Explore Tuscany on horseback部分中的“Tuscany ... has witnessed a sharp increase in travelers.”可知，托斯卡纳是骑马度假的胜地之一，来这个地区游玩的游客数量激增。由此可推知，托斯卡纳的骑马度假越来越受欢迎。故选C。
B篇
本文是一篇记叙文。在老师Patrick Walsh的带领下，Catlin Gabel学校的学生合力种下了俄勒冈州的第一片小森林。若干年后，这片小森林将成为动物的自然栖息地和当地居民的乐园。
24. D 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Forests typically take hundreds of years to mature ... forest in about 20 years.”可知，森林通常需要数百年才能成熟，但是人工种植缩短了小森林的生长时间，使其在大约20年内就能长成。故选D。
25. C 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Something I didn’t really expect was the outpouring of students’ enthusiasm ... really blew me away”可知，Walsh没有预料到学生们的热情会如此高。各个年级的学生都主动加入种植小森林的活动中，这让他震惊。故选C。
26. A 推理判断题。根据第四段中Megan Cover的话尤其是“it’s really rewarding and great”和“We’re creating this educational space for many young kids”等关键信息可推断出，虽然Megan Cover要毕业了，但她为自己能够参与到小森林项目中为孩子们创造一片具有教育意义的园地感到自豪。故选A。
27. B 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“but it would deserve the efforts if the kids think about climate change and remember the importance of reforestation (重新造林) and trees when they look at the forest”可知，Walsh认为如果孩子们看到小森林时能想到气候变化问题，牢记重新造林和树木的重要性，那他们付出的努力就值得。由此可推断，Walsh希望小森林能够对学生们起到提醒作用。故选B。
C篇
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Lila Gleitman因女儿的一句话改变了职业生涯，创立了心理语言学以及她和另外一位学者随后在儿童语言学习方面进行的一些研究。
28. C 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句孩子的话“Isn’t that ‘tightly’ ”和第二段第一句“It was a turning point in her career.”可知，女儿的一句话成了Gleitman事业的转折点。故选C。
29. B 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“But she found that children obey instructions better when their parents use adult-style English than when they copy their kids.”可知，Lila Gleitman发现当父母使用成人式英语时，孩子们能更好地听从他们的指示。故选B。
30. A 词义猜测题。根据最后一段第二句“They often seem to correctly guess what a word means after hearing it just once.”可知，孩子们似乎经常会在听到一个词一次后立刻猜出这个词的正确含义。结合画线词所在句可推知，孩子们会运用一些策略。因此，deploy应意为“利用”，与A项意思相近。故选A。
31. D 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“More broadly, it turned out that verbs which are similar in meaning tend to turn up in similar sentence structures. This helps children learn quickly, a process she called ‘syntactic bootstrapping (语法自举)’.”可推知，孩子们会从相似的句子结构中猜测单词的含义。故选D。
D篇
本文是一篇说明文。长时间闻垃圾食品的气味会降低消费者的购买欲望。
32. B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Junk food companies are well aware that the smell of their product sets off a desire in your brain ... using that research to their advantage.”可知，垃圾食品公司知道他们产品的气味会激起人们的购买欲望，在营销中也会利用这一特点谋利。故选B。
33. A 推理判断题。根据第二段首句“Let’s take a closer look at this process.”和下文内容可知，本段以人们自身的经历为例，具体说明垃圾食品的气味对人们的购买行为产生的影响。故选A。
34. A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“extended exposure of more than two minutes to junk food smells leads to fewer purchases of unhealthy foods”和第四段中的“Extended exposure to an indulgent food smell ... actual consumption of indulgent foods”可知，Biswas发现闻垃圾食品的气味的时间变长，人们购买的欲望就降低。故选A。
35. D 标题概括题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍的是长时间闻垃圾食品的气味会降低消费者的购买欲望，因此D项作本文标题最佳。故选D。
第二节
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们在雷雨天气如何确保自己和财产安全。
36. G 空前提到有些人喜欢雷雨天气，有些人却害怕闪电或雷声。空后又提到可采取一些简单的措施来保护你的家和你的生活免受闪电的伤害。G项中的“Whether you love or hate them”与上文相呼应，“thunderstorms produce dangerous lightning”说明了人们为什么需要采取措施以防受到伤害，与下文呼应。因此G项符合语境。故选G。
37. F 空后提到它会顺着电线或电话线进入你的家，毁坏电脑、电视和其他电子设备。由此可推断，空处应介绍闪电发生时的一种情况。F项“闪电击中了你家的屋顶或附近的输电线，这很糟糕但不是最坏的”，与空后一句描述的更糟糕的情况衔接。故选F。
38. D 空前提到避雷针能保护建筑物使其避免着火，空后提到它们只是为闪电提供了一条更安全地到达地面的通道。再根据空后的just可推断，空处应指出了避雷针不能起到的作用。D项“但是闪电击中你的房子的概率不会改变”与上下文相衔接。故选D。
39. E 空前提到避雷针只是一个良好的安全系统的首要环节；电缆将电从避雷针导入埋在地下的金属棒。由此可知，空处应与用电缆导电可能会带来的危险及应对措施有关。E项“每处接头都必须是牢固的以防闪电移动至建筑物上”承接上文。故选E。
40. A 根据本段的小标题和空后内容可知，空处应与同一个地方可能多次被闪电击中有关。A项是对下文现象的概括描述，选项中的“more than once”与下文的“around 20 times”相照应，因此A项符合语境。故选A。
第三部分 语言知识运用
第一节
本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己参加学校运动会和创业的经历告诉我们：要勇于打破界限，胸怀大志，从小事做起。
41. B 根据语境可知，通常情况下，女生参加诸如跳绳这样的运动项目，男生跳高。be involved in“参与”，符合语境。be interested in“对……感兴趣”；be skilled in“擅长”；be gifted in“在……方面有天赋”。
42. A 根据下文中的“Linda wants to do the high jump”可知，作者想参加跳高项目。anxious“渴望，非常希望”，符合语境。hesitant“犹豫的”；ready“准备好的”；afraid“害怕的”。
43. D 根据下文中的“but the coach said, ‘Girls don’t do the high jump.’”可知，作者去报名参加，但是教练却告诉她，“女生不能跳高。”sign up“报名”，符合语境。build up“建立”；fix up“修理；解决”；make up“组成，构成；弥补”。
44. B 作者回家，告诉了母亲教练说的话。inform“通知，告知”，符合语境。remind“提醒”；convince“使确信”；warn“使警惕”。
45. A 根据上文中的“Usually, girls ... boys did the high jump”可知，此处指校长说女生不能跳高是学校的惯例。convention“传统做法，惯例”，符合语境。conclusion“结论”；compromise“妥协（或折中）方案”；criterion“标准，原则”。
46. C 根据语境可知，此处指作者的母亲说她不知道有任何规则有这样的要求。knowledge“知晓，知悉，了解”，符合语境。opinion“意见；看法”；sense“理解力，见识，良好的判断”；intention“目的，意图”。
47. D 校长找不到这样的规则（来进行反驳），感到很尴尬，最后（只能）说“我必须考虑一下”。embarrassed“尴尬的”，符合语境。concerned“担心的，忧虑的”；annoyed“恼怒的”；discouraged“沮丧的”。
48. A 回家后，母亲告诉了作者一些她一直会记在心中的东西。remember“记得”，符合语境。undertake“承担”；consider“仔细考虑，细想”；seek“谋求，争取”。
49. C 根据上文提到的作者想参加跳高的内容及“This wasn’t just about me”可知，此处指其他女生可能也想参加跳高。probably“可能”，符合语境。accidentally“偶然地”；obviously“显然”；rarely“很少”。
50. B 根据下文中的“I won the high jump competition”可知，校长最终同意了。agree“同意”，符合语境。insist“坚持”；decline“拒绝”；quit“放弃”。
51. D 根据上文内容及下文中的“some of the cheers I got were from boys”可知，跳高通常是男生参加的项目，作为女生的作者在参加跳高比赛获胜时有男生为其欢呼，这令作者感到惊讶。surprise“惊讶”，符合语境。satisfaction“满意，满足”；delight“高兴”；relief“宽慰，轻松”。
52. C 母亲是对的，这不仅是为了作者。right“正确的，对的”，符合语境。certain“确定的，肯定的”；wrong“错误的”；realistic“实际的，实事求是的”。
53. A 根据语境可知，此处指让人们思考并见证女生能做什么。think about“考虑，思考”，符合语境。argue about“因……争论”；approve of“赞成，同意”；talk of“谈及”。
54. D 后来，作者将这一经验应用在自己的职业生涯中。lesson“经验，教训”，符合语境。rule“规则”；remark“评论”；truth“真理”。
55. C 根据语境可知，女性通常被认为不应该去建造建筑物。be supposed to do sth.“（按规定、习惯、安排等）应当，应，该”，符合语境。be demanded to do sth.“被要求做某事”；be qualified to do sth.“能胜任做某事”；be designed to do sth.“被设计用来做某事”。
56. B 作者最初涉足这一行业时，母亲对她说，“去做吧！从小事开始，但要胸怀大志”。set foot in“踏上；进入”，符合语境。make way for“给……让路，让出位置”；throw light on“使（问题等）较容易理解”；keep track of“了解……的动态”。
57. A 参见上题解析。big“大地，给人印象深地”，符合语境。hard“努力地”；long“长期地；长久地”；deep“深地”。
58. C 这些经历让作者明白尽管人们不会总是能接受我们，但是我们要勇于跳出界限。accept“接受”，符合语境。help“帮助”；mind“介意”；need“需要”。
59. D 参见上题解析。boundary“界限”，符合语境。pole“杆子；棍子”；fence“栅栏”；risk“风险，危险”。
60. B 根据语境可知，此处指这真的有很大影响。make a difference“有作用，有关系，有影响”，符合语境。make a point“提出观点”；make a start“着手，开始”；make a hit“给（某人）留下很好的第一印象”。
第二节
本文是一篇说明文。中国是全球物种第三丰富的国家。为了更好地保护生态多样性，保持人与自然的和谐关系，中国政府建立了国家公园系统。
61. achievements 考查词性转换及主谓一致。句意：因此，中国在生物多样性保护和荒野保护方面的成就对全球生物多样性保护的未来有重要意义。空处应填名词作句子主语，根据谓语动词are可知，主语为复数。故填achievements。
62. combined 考查非谓语动词。句意：极其重要的生物多样性再加上人口众多，促使中国政府重新考虑其保护区系统，并将像海南的雨林这样未开发的地区转变为正式的国家公园。空处所在部分作后置定语，combine“使……结合”与biodiversity有逻辑上的动宾关系，因此应用过去分词形式。故填combined。
63. into 考查固定搭配。句意同上。分析句子结构可知，此处应用介词into构成transform sth. into sth.结构，表示“将……转变为……”。故填into。
64. to preserve 考查非谓语动词。句意：这一新的国家公园系统将使得保护栖息地和物种更切实可行。分析句子结构可知，it为形式宾语，空处所在部分为真正的宾语，故用动词不定式形式。故填to preserve。
65. harmonious 考查词性转换。句意：其目的是保护生物多样性并确保人与自然之间的和谐关系。空处应用形容词作定语修饰名词relation。harmonious“友好和睦的，和谐的”。故填harmonious。
66. where 考查定语从句。句意：从南部的海南热带雨林国家公园——极度濒危物种海南长臂猿生活的地方、大熊猫国家公园、东北虎豹国家公园、武夷山国家公园到位于青藏高原（黄河、长江和澜沧江的发源地）的三江源国家公园，国家公园跨越中国广阔的生态系统。空处引导定语从句修饰the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park，从句结构完整，空处在句中作地点状语。故填where。
67. the 考查冠词。句意：青藏高原是黄河、长江和澜沧江的发源地。发源地只有一个，此处表特指。故填the。
68. is reflected 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这些公园的名字反映出了受保护的物种和栖息地的多样性。句子主语为The diversity，表示单数概念，且reflect与The diversity之间是被动关系，且此处描述客观情况。故填is reflected。
69. or 考查连词。句意：游客可以在网上提前预约或者在现场订票。空处前后是选择关系。故填or。
70. themselves 考查代词。句意：他们应学习一些当地知识，为美妙的旅行做好准备，并最大限度地享受旅行的乐趣。此处所描述动作的发出者和承受者相同，故应用反身代词。故填themselves。
第四部分 写作
第一节 短文改错
第一处（第一句）：excited改为exciting。分析句意可知，这里指的是一场激动人心的比赛。修饰“competition”，用形容词exciting。故将excited改为exciting。
第二处（第一句）：删掉last之前的on。表示“上周六”，直接用last Sunday。故删除on。
第三处（第二句）：eager改为eagerly。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰动词waiting，应使用其副词形式。故将eager改为eagerly。
第四处（第三句）：blowing改为blown。结合句意并分析句子结构可知，这里指当哨子被吹响的时候，whistle和blow构成逻辑上的动宾关系。故将blowing改为blown。
第五处（第三句）：him改为them。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，这里指站在两边的同学为他们（也就是参加拔河比赛的同学们）加油。故将him改为them。
第六处（第四句）：students改为student。every修饰可数名词的单数形式。故将students改为student。
第七处（第四句）：won改为winning。分析句子结构可知，“won the competition”作后置定语，和“every student of the class”是逻辑上的主动关系。故将won改为winning。
第八处（第五句）：在thought和by之间加上of。本句考查sth. is highly thought of by sb.结构，意为“某事被某人给予很高评价”。故在thought和by之间加上of。
第九处（第六句）：strengthen改为strengthened。通读全文可知，文章叙述的是过去的事情，用一般过去时。根据“Not only did it build up their bodies”，此处也应用一般过去时。故将strengthen改为strengthened。
第十处（第七句）：what改为which。分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，指代前面的整句话，应该用which引导。故将what改为which。
第二节
参考范文：
Dear Eric,
I’m writing to invite you to take part in the speech contest to be held in our school.
The contest whose theme is “My dream of becoming a scientist” is scheduled to start in the school lecture hall next Friday afternoon. It’s aimed at arousing students’ interest in science and encouraging students to show their talents. Five professors will be invited to be judges and the first six winners will be given awards, some of which are artworks featuring traditional Chinese culture.
Come and join us! Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
听力材料
Text 1
M: You were mainly responsible for the victory of our team in basketball. That’s great.
W: But, sir, I am anxious about playing for the Olympics.
Text 2
M: Honey, do you know what time Katie will be home
W: Uh, she should be here any minute. She drove the car to pick something up from the store.
Text 3
M: I’m going to Sophie’s apartment to give her the good news.
W: Why bother She’ll be at the meeting this afternoon.
Text 4
M: It gets worse every year.
W: Why are you complaining We’re going almost 30 miles an hour.
M: The speed limit is 65!
W: Can’t you see there is a lot of snow on the road
Text 5
W: Hello, Mike! How was the game yesterday
M: My school scored the first goal and won the game by three goals to one.
Text 6
M: So what are you going to do now
W: I’m not going to do anything. I’m too tired.
M: Yeah, me too. I think we’re just going to watch TV and relax in our room.
W: What’s on
M: Let me see. Channel 3 is the sports channel. Channel 5 is the music channel. Channel 7 is the movie channel.
W: Then, which channel do you want to watch right now
M: Channel 7.
Text 7
W: You’ve reached 834-6482. No one’s in right now. But if you leave your name and number, we’ll get back to you as soon as possible. Bye-bye.
M: Hi, Sandy, honey, it’s me. I’m just about to rush into a meeting and I wonder if you could do a few final things for the trip. Can you call the airline and confirm the flight They close at 3:30. We’re on the 5:30 flight to Miami — Flight 562. And could you put my new sweater in my bag I packed most things, but I might just need a sweater. And could you book a taxi to take us to the airport I guess we need the taxi to pick us up at 4:00. I think that’s about it. Oh, and one last thing. Could you call my mom, and tell her I’ll give her a call from Florida when we arrive Well, you know since we last saw her she hasn’t been feeling too well. Bye-bye.
Text 8
W: Hi, Mr. Smith. I wonder if you’re free on New Year’s Eve. We’d like you to come to our New Year’s party.
M: Thank you. I’d love to come. Where will it be
W: In our classroom at 6:00 pm. By the way, could you sing a song for us at the party
M: I’m afraid I’m not that good at singing, but I’ll try. How about an English folk song
W: That would be wonderful. Our monitor has been wanting to ask you to sing. We’ll also invite several other teachers to the party. Each of them will perform something for us, and I think the headmaster will give a speech before the party.
M: Sounds great. I hope there will be some fun games at the party.
W: Oh, of course, and we’ll all share our New Year’s resolutions at the end of the party.
M: I’m sure it’ll be a great party.
W: Yes, I hope we’ll all have a wonderful time.
Text 9
W: Hi, Steve, have you been to that new supermarket yet
M: Oh, yes. I particularly like the Foods of the World section. It looks so colorful with all those flags from around the world and it has so many interesting products. It’s the best supermarket for any kind of seafood. Their selection of seafood goes as far as you can think.
W: I like it too. They even let you taste some of the food. And the supermarket is with state-of-the-art design, sells only natural goods, meat and produce, and has friendly staff everywhere. Is this heaven
M: Yeah. I can’t get over how clean and bright the place is. It’s much more pleasant than our old supermarket in town, isn’t it
W: I agree. What’s the cafeteria like I didn’t have time to go in there.
M: It’s on the second floor, just behind the toy department. It’s very reasonably priced. Look. I’ve got to go again tomorrow and pick up some groceries. Why don’t we go together
W: That’s a great idea. I’ll call you in the morning and we can meet at the bus stop.
Text 10
M: Let me tell you a little about Park Leisure Center. As you can see, the reception area here is very spacious, and there is plenty of room to meet your friends and have a drink. We also have new dance studios with floor-to-ceiling mirrors. The dance studios are to the left of the reception area, opposite the swimming pool. Both the roller skating and skateboarding classes will be held in the Skate Center. The center is beside the changing rooms, which you can see behind us, between the gym and tennis courts. Now, the next thing I want to talk about is how to join the Park Leisure Center. First you need to complete a form with your address and telephone number and the name of your school. If you’re under sixteen years old, please ask one of your parents to sign the form. You can pay an annual fee of $200, or you can pay $20 each time you attend the classes. There is a one dollar admission fee in this case. Whether you decide to pay in one go or with each visit, you still need your membership card to your home address. All you need to do is show this card every time you come to the center, and if you want to book a class, you just need your membership number.

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