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普陀区2022学年第一学期高三英语质量调研
英语试卷
考生注意：
1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2. 本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. An agent. D. A businessman.
2. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a supermarket. D. In a museum.
3. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is well decorated.
C. It is disappointing. D. It is inconvenient.
4. A. On July 7th. B. On July 8th. C. On July 9th. D. On July 10th.
5. A. She found no one on the stage. B. She could hardly find her seat.
C. She wasn’t interested in the show. D. She didn’t get a favorable seat.
6. A. The man often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.
C. The man doesn’t eat breakfast. D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve lunch.
7. A. Selling onions. B. Planting vegetables.
C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.
8. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There’s a traffic jam on Broadway Street.
C. The man is reading the news on air. D. A vehicle is polluting the air seriously.
9. A. The movie is good except the bad ending. B. The movie won an award.
C. She agrees with the man’s comments. D. She doesn’t like the special effects.
10. A. Working hard. B. Refusing the job offer.
C. Expecting another chance. D. Finding an ideal job.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following news.
11. A. 13. B. 31. C. 113. D.131.
12. A. More women will win awards than men in the future.
B. Bettozzi is the first woman to win the Nobel Chemistry Prize.
C. Inequality in the Nobel Prize selection process is decreasing.
D. Two Danish scientists have won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry.
13. A. Nobel’s life story. B. Three Nobel Chemistry Prize winners.
C. The Nobel Chemistry Prize. D. The voting process for the Nobel Prize.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. Helping you heal a broken heart. B. Helping you live in your own world.
C. Helping you cure all kinds of diseases. D. Helping you connect others for comfort.
15. A. It is impossible to heal with sad music.
B. Heartache is curable even without sad music.
C. Listening to sad music stimulates the desire to contact others.
D. When you feel sad, listening to sad music will lift your mood.
16. A. Sad people should not listen to sad music.
B. Sad music can help you recover from a broken heart.
C. You can listen to sad music when you are sad.
D. Listening to sad music has great effect on mood.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. Classmates. B. Schoolmates. C. Roommates. D. Brother and sister.
18. A. She has to write an essay at the library.
B. She has to go to the library and meet her teacher there.
C. She has to return her books to the library today.
D. She has to look for some books at the library.
19. A. He’ll be late for the swimming class. B. He hasn’t swum for almost three years.
C. He’ll have a mid-term exam next month. D. He finished his paper three weeks ago.
20. A. His paper needs to be revised. B. The ideas in the essay are very inventive.
C His teacher helped him finish his essay. D. His paper has been done for 3 weeks.
II. Grammar and vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Big Sister’s Wedding
Three days before the wedding, Grand Aunt personally entrusted a special small package for Aunt Baba to hand to Big Sister. On ___1___ (open) the elegant leather case in Aunt Baba’s room, Big Sister found a lovely pendant (吊坠) made of ancient green jade hanging on a heavy gold chain. She immediately put it on and breathed with pleasure while she admired ___2___ in the mirror. Then she begged Aunt Baba and me not to mention Grand Aunt’s gift to a soul, obviously intending to keep the pendant ___3___ telling Niang.
The wedding was a formal and brilliant affair with a ceremonial dinner party for five hundred in the grand ballroom on the ninth floor of the Cathay Hotel, ___4___ (situate) at the border of the Bund and fashionable Nanjing Road and overlooking the Huangpu River. The room ___5___ (fill) with masses of fresh flowers, and the Chinese character for double happiness was outlined in red blooms against the wall. Big Sister was elegantly dressed in a beautiful pink Qipao and silver shoes ___6___ Samuel wore a tuxedo (燕尾服). Two professional radio comedians acted as masters of ceremonies.
I had nothing to wear but an old pink Qipao ___7___ had been handed down by Big Sister when she grew out of it. ___8___ I didn’t look particularly nice, at least I didn’t stand out and no one noticed me. My three older brothers, however, were having a horrible time. For this special occasion, Father ordered them ___9___ (have) fresh hair-cuts. My brothers’ heads were shaved cleanly, so not a trace of hair ____10____ (remain). They were wearing dark-blue, traditional, long Chinese clothes with high collars and cloth buttons. I thought the brothers would make a lot of unexpected things on the Big Sister’s wedding.
【答案】1. opening
2 herself 3. without
4. situated
5. was filled
6. and##while
7. which##that
8. Although##Though
9. to have 10. remained
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要描写了作者大姐举行婚礼前后的情况。
【1题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在爸爸阿姨的房间里，大姐打开优雅的皮箱，发现一个可爱的古青玉挂件挂在一条沉重的金链子上。作介词的宾语，open应用动名词形式。故填opening。
【2题详解】
考查代词。句意：她立刻戴上它，一边欣赏镜子里的自己，一边愉快地呼吸着。此处指欣赏“她自己”应用反身代词herself。故填herself。
【3题详解】
考查介词。句意：然后她求Aunt Baba和我不要提姥姥送给灵魂的礼物，显然是想留着这个吊坠而不告诉Niang。后跟动名词作宾语，表示“不”应用介词without。故填without。
【4题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：婚礼隆重盛大，500人的晚宴在国泰大酒店九层的大宴会厅举行，坐落在外滩和时尚的南京路交界处，俯瞰黄浦江。分析句子结构可知situate与逻辑主语the Cathay Hotel构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。故填situated。
【5题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：房间里摆满了大量的鲜花，“双喜”的汉字在靠墙的红花中被勾勒出来。短语be filled with，结合后文“the Chinese character for double happiness was outlined”可知为一般过去时，谓语用单数。故填was filled。
【6题详解】
考查连词。句意：大姐穿着漂亮的粉色旗袍和银鞋，塞缪尔穿着燕尾服。此处表示并列或对比关系，应用连词and或while。故填and/while。
【7题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：我没有什么可穿的，只有一件粉红色的旧旗袍，那是大姐长大后传下来的。定语从句修饰先行词an old pink Qipao，从句缺少主语，指物，故用which或that。故填which/that。
【8题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：虽然我看起来不是特别好，但至少我不显眼，没有人注意到我。引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”应用although或though，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Although/Though。
【9题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了这个特殊的日子，父亲命令他们重新剪了发型。短语order sb. to do sth.表示“命令某人做某事”。故填to have。
【10题详解】
考查时态。句意：我的哥哥们的头发都被剃得干干净净，一根头发也没有留下。结合上文“My brothers’ heads were shaved cleanly”可知为一般过去时。故填remained。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. generated B. mechanically C. partnership D. reforming E. powered F. efficiency G. growing H. greatly I. sustainable J. revolutionize K. emissions
The Inevitable Plastics Revolution
The Guardian once called plastic “Man’s worst invention”. One of the lesser-known uses of plastic is to reduce carbon emissions. For example, plastics make vehicles lighter thereby increasing their ___11___; it also increases the shelf life of foods, reducing food waste and the need to transport more. So plastics have an important role to play in creating a ___12___ future.
Currently that isn’t the case. Of the 24.5 million tons of plastic waste ___13___ in Europe each year, only 14 per cent is recycled. The rest is burned, buried or lost on land or at sea. Indeed, the European plastics industry emits 95 million tons of CO2 each year, about 3.7 per cent of total ___14___. One-third of this comes from the burning of waste plastics.
That has to change, says Marc, one of the world’s leading chemicals and plastics manufacturers. “With a ___15___ population, we need to find a way to make better use of our resources.” In ___16___ with the recycling technology company, Mura Technology, it wants to ___17___ the plastics economy by dramatically increasing the amount of plastic that is recycled while also reducing carbon emissions. The approach will change the way we make plastic.
Today most plastic is made from petrochemicals, using processes ___18___ by fossil fuels. While a great deal is thrown away, a large proportion of plastics waste can be collected and sent to be ____19____ recycled. This involves washing, drying and grinding the material, then heating and ___20___ it into a new product. But at no stage is the chemical structure of the plastic changed. In order to reduce pollution, the plastics manufacturing sector needs technological innovation.
【答案】11. F 12. I
13. A 14. K
15. G 16. C
17. J 18. E
19. H 20. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了塑料的重要作用以及塑料导致的污染问题。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：例如，塑料使车辆更轻，从而提高了效率；它还增加了食品的保质期，减少了食品浪费和运输的需求。作宾语，结合句意表示“效率”应用名词efficiency，不可数。故填efficiency。故选F。
【12题详解】
考查形容词。句意：因此，塑料在创造可持续未来方面发挥着重要作用。修饰后文名词future应用形容词sustainable，作定语。故填sustainable。故选I。
【13题详解】
考查动词。句意：在欧洲每年产生的2450万吨塑料垃圾中，只有14%被回收。其余的则被焚烧、掩埋或丢在陆地或海上。结合句意表示“产生”应用动词generate，此处用过去分词作后置定语，修饰plastic waste，故填generated。故选A。
【14题详解】
考查名词。句意：事实上，欧洲塑料行业每年排放9500万吨二氧化碳，约占总排放量的3.7%。根据句意“排放”可知应填名词emissions，作介词of的宾语，故填emissions。故选K。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：随着人口的增长，我们需要找到一种方法来更好地利用我们的资源。修饰后文名词population，结合句意表示“增长”应用形容词growing，作定语。故填growing。故选G。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：该公司与回收技术公司Mura technology合作，希望通过大幅增加塑料的回收量，同时减少碳排放，从而彻底改变塑料经济。根据后文“with the recycling technology company, Mura Technology”以及句意“合作”可知应填名词partnership，作宾语。故填partnership。故选C。
【17题详解】
考查动词。句意：该公司与回收技术公司Mura technology合作，希望通过大幅增加塑料的回收量，同时减少碳排放，从而彻底改变塑料经济。根据后文“the plastics economy by dramatically increasing the amount of plastic”以及句意“改革”可知应填动词revolutionize，且上文为短语want to do sth.。故填revolutionize。故选J。
【18题详解】
考查动词。句意：如今，大多数塑料都是由石油化工产品制成的，使用的过程由化石燃料提供动力。结合句意表示“提供动力”可知应填powered，过去分词作后置定语。故填powered。故选E。
【19题详解】
考查副词。句意：虽然有很多塑料垃圾被扔掉，但有很大一部分塑料垃圾可以被收集起来，并被大量回收。修饰后文动词recycled应用副词greatly，作状语。故填greatly。故选H。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：这包括清洗、干燥和研磨材料，然后加热并将其转化为新产品。结合句意表示“转化”可知应填reforming。故填reforming，动名词作involve的宾语，故选D。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
What do you know about fashion The fashion industry, which has become one of the most ____21____ to the planet, is having a moment of punishment. But which changes make a difference, and which ones just ____22____ in the wash In fact, the fashion industry is second only to the oil industry, the most environmentally unfriendly industry.
A friend of mine ____23____ an antique clothes store in the north of London. Business has been good for many years, which makes her acquire a large fortune. Every few weeks, she visits a vast storehouse on the edge of the city to go through piles of clothing. Most of it is ____24____, but if you know what you are looking for, there are raw diamonds. The storehouse has a long history. It was once a clearing house for the low-quality wool scraps(碎料) that were used to make cheap clothing for the ____25____ in Victorian Britain. A century on, ____26____ has changed. Nowadays, it is full of modern-day inferior products, all ____27____ cheap clothing made for the masses around the world. Except that this stuff is going to be burned or buried, not being reused.
The items are the products of an industry that, in the past 30 years, has become one of the most successful and also most ____28____ on the planet. Known as fast fashion, it has filled our wardrobes(衣柜) with cheap and cheerful clothes. But after three decades of continuous growth, the model is in ____29____ with fundamental environmental limits and there is widespread agreement – even from within the industry – that it is time to ______30______. Otherwise, “Fast fashion” creates a mountain of unsellable, cheap clothing that ends up in a terrible place.
“The fashion industry represents a key environmental ______31______,” says Kirsi Niinim ki at Aalto University in Espoo, Finland. “Eventually, the long-term stability of the fashion industry ______32______ the total abandonment of the fast-fashion model.” Like fast food, fast fashion is all about instant ______33______ on the cheap.
One wonders: What can we do about it Don’t you have any clothes on It’s not that ______34______. More importantly, don’t waste, learn to control your desires and ______35______ falling into this “Fast fashion” lifestyle. As the guardian columnist Lucy Seagal once said, the “Fast fashion” industry is profit-driven, but consumers who have experienced “over-consumption” will naturally grow tired of it, and the market will have its choice.
21. A. convincing B. interesting C. confusing D. damaging
22. A. carry out B. come out C. set out D. break out
23. A. builds B. runs C. supports D. controls
24. A. expensive B. useless C. worthless D. attractive
25. A. businessmen B. children C. locals D. masses
26. A. little B. few C. much D. many
27. A. on behalf of B. in the form of C. for the sake of D. in terms of
28. A. effective B. destructive C. preventive D. alternative
29. A. quarrel B. argument C. fight D. conflict
30. A. tell the truth B. hit the brakes C. pave the way D. break the ice
31. A. threat B. effect C. problem D. protection
32. A. results from B. consists of C. brings about D. relies on
33. A. ambition B. action C. satisfaction D. attraction
34. A. far B. extreme C. bad D. complex
35. A. enjoy B. imagine C. miss D. avoid
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. B 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了时尚行业已经成为地球上最具有破坏性的行业之一，是仅次于石油行业的最不环保的行业，现在正面临惩罚。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：时尚行业已经成为地球上最具有破坏性的行业之一，现在正面临惩罚。A. convincing说服；B. interesting使感兴趣；C. confusing混淆；D. damaging破坏。根据后文“In fact, the fashion industry is second only to the oil industry, the most environmentally unfriendly industry.”可知时尚行业对地球具有破坏性。故选D项。
【22题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：在这个冲刷的过程中,但是哪些变化会产生影响呢？哪些会脱颖而出？A. carry out执行；B. come out出来；C. set out出发；D. break out爆发。根据上文“The fashion industry, which has become one of the most ____1____ to the planet, is having a moment of punishment. But which changes make a difference”可知时尚行业已经成为地球上最具有破坏性的行业之一，在这个冲刷过程中，要么留下来，站住脚，要么被淘汰。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的一个朋友在伦敦北部经营一家古董服装店。A. builds构建；B. runs经营；C. supports支撑；D. controls控制。根据后文“Business has been good for many years, which makes her acquire a large fortune.”可知这个朋友是经营服装店的。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大部分是毫无价值。A. expensive昂贵的；B. useless无用的；C. worthless没有价值的；D. attractive有吸引力的。根据后文的“but if you know what you are looking for, there are raw diamonds.”可知此处和diamonds形成对比，表示“虽然看起来毫无价值”。故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在维多利亚时代的英国，它曾经是为大众制造廉价服装的劣质羊毛废料的清理场。A. businessmen商人；B. children儿童；C. locals当地人；D. masses群众。根据后文的“all_7_ cheap clothing made for the masses around the world.”可知，此处是the masses同义词再现。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个世纪过去了，已经发生了许多改变。A. little小的；B. few很少的；C. much很多（不可数名词）；D. many许多（可数名词复数）。根据后文的“Nowadays, it is full of modern-day inferior products, all ____7____ cheap clothing made for the masses around the world”可知发生了许多改变，应使用much。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：如今，这里充斥着现代的劣质产品，所有的廉价服装都是为世界各地的大众制造的。A. on behalf of代表；B. in the form of以……的形式；C. for the sake of为了；D. in terms of在……方面。根据上文“Nowadays, it is full of modern-day inferior products”所有的这些服饰都是“以廉价服装的形式”生产出来的。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个行业已经成为世界上最成功也是最具破坏性的行业之一。A. effective有效的；B. destructive破坏性的；C. preventive预防性的；D. alternative可供替代的。根据前文“The fashion industry, which has become one of the most ____1____ to the planet, is having a moment of punishment”以及后文“But after three decades of continuous growth, the model is in ____9____ with fundamental environmental limits”可知虽然服装成功地占据了人们的衣柜，但是对环境造成的影响是破坏性的。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但经过三十年的持续增长，该模式与基本环境限制相冲突，而且业界普遍认为，是时候踩刹车了。A. quarrel争吵；B. argument论点；C. fight战斗；D. conflict冲突。根据后文“there is widespread agreement – even from within the industry – that it is time to ____10____ . Otherwise, “Fast fashion” creates a mountain of unsellable, cheap clothing that ends up in a terrible place”可知时尚行业的快速发展和环境保护有冲突。故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意同上题。A. tell the truth.说实话；B. hit the brakes踩下制动器；C. pave the way铺设道路；D. break the ice打破僵局。根据后文“Otherwise, ‘Fast fashion’ creates a mountain of unsellable, cheap clothing that ends up in a terrible place”可知是时候停止时尚行业这样的快速发展。故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：时尚产业代表了一个关键的环境威胁。A. threat威胁；B. effect效果；C. problem问题；D. protection保护。根据前文“Otherwise, ‘Fast fashion’ creates a mountain of unsellable, cheap clothing that ends up in a terrible place.”可知快时尚产业对环境造成造成的影响已经不仅仅是环境问题那么简单，已经严重到成为一个巨大的威胁。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：最终，时尚行业的长期稳定依赖于对快速时尚模式的彻底抛弃。A. results from由……产生；B. consists of由……组成；C. brings about导致；D. relies on依赖。根据下文“ the total abandonment of the fast-fashion model.”可知，时尚行业的长期稳定依赖于对快速时尚模式的彻底抛弃。故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：和快餐一样，快速时尚也都是廉价的即时满足感。A. ambition野心；B. action动作；C. satisfaction满足；D. attraction吸引力。根据下文“learn to control your desires and _15_falling into this ‘Fast fashion’ lifestyle”可知这种欲望得到廉价的满足。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们能做些什么？你没有穿衣服吗？不是那么糟糕。A. far远的；B. extreme极端的；C. bad坏的；D. complex复杂的。根据前文“Don’t you have any clothes on ”可知不穿衣服很糟糕。故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，不要浪费，学会控制自己的欲望，避免陷入这种“快时尚”的生活方式。A. enjoy享受；B. imagine想象；C. miss错过；D. avoid避免。根据前文“learn to control your desires”可知要控制自己的欲望，避免陷入这种生活方式。故选D项。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Adjusting to a new sleep schedule at the start of the school year can lead to disturbed rest, daytime tiredness and changes in mood and focus for teens. Although they need eight to ten hours of sleep per night to maintain physical health, emotional well-being and school performance, according to the National Sleep Foundation, most adolescents get less than eight.
Newly published research from RUSH in the journal SLEEP reveals how adolescents can get more shut-eye. “There are a lot of changes a teen goes through,” said Stephanie J. Crowley, PhD. “One specifically is a change to sleep biology that happens during adolescence.” Crowley said, “there are two competing forces: one to go to bed earlier for the school schedule and the other a biological change that happens naturally to a teen’s body.” Because of this complex conflict, RUSH researchers set out to test a two-week intervention that targets the circadian(昼夜节律的) system with different behavioral measures and tries to help the teens figure out a better nighttime routine.
To solve teen sleep shortage, the researchers used bright light therapy on two weekend mornings for a total of 2.5 hours. The bright light helps the internal clock to wake up a little earlier. This shift should make it easier for the teens to fall asleep at an appropriate time. Crowley and her team then helped them make up for sleep problems by providing time management tools and addressing barriers to an earlier bedtime, like limiting certain after-school activities.
Researchers were able to shift the teens’ bedtime by an hour and a half earlier, and their total sleep time increased by approximately an hour. “The interesting thing is that teens with late circadian clocks shifted by up to two hours earlier,” Crowley said. “And the teens who had an earlier circadian clock didn’t need to be shifted any earlier. They just needed the behavioral support of trying to manage their time in the evening and increase their sleep duration.” The researchers also found the teens in the intervention group were less tired, and less angry, and they exhibited better concentration. The students’ morning attention improved as well.
36. According to the author, what’s the major sleeping problem in teens
A. Most teens’ circadian clocks have changed.
B. Most teens get less than eight hours of sleep.
C. Too much sleep affects teens’ academic performance.
D. Teens have to get more sleep in order to go to school.
37. What’s the author’s purpose of mentioning two competing forces
A. To highlight the importance of circadian clock changes in teens.
B. To emphasize the significance of teens’ night-time routine.
C. To show the conflict between sleeping early and not wanting to sleep.
D. To build connection between sleeping earlier and rising earlier.
38. What can we learn about the bright light therapy
A. It makes teens go through many different changes.
B. It makes teens without enough sleep concentrate on their study.
C. It helps teens go to bed three hours earlier every day.
D. It does help teens develop good sleep patterns.
39. What is the best title of the passage
A. Teens’ Sleeping Time B. Helping Teens Get More Sleep
C. Experiment on Teens’ Behavior D. Improving Teens’ Concentration
【答案】36. B 37. A 38. D 39. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了大多数青少年的睡眠时间不够8小时，研究人员为了让青少年获得更多的睡眠，开展了一系列的研究。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Although they need eight to ten hours of sleep per night to maintain physical health, emotional well-being and school performance, according to the National Sleep Foundation, most adolescents get less than eight. (根据美国国家睡眠基金会的数据，尽管青少年每晚需要8到10小时的睡眠来保持身体健康、情绪健康和学业表现，但大多数青少年的睡眠时间不到8小时)”可知，青少年的主要睡眠问题是大多数青少年的睡眠时间少于8小时。故选B。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Newly published research from RUSH in the journal SLEEP reveals how adolescents can get more shut-eye. “There are a lot of changes a teen goes through,” said Stephanie J. Crowley, PhD. “One specifically is a change to sleep biology that happens during adolescence.” Crowley said, “there are two competing forces: one to go to bed earlier for the school schedule and the other a biological change that happens naturally to a teen’s body.”(RUSH在《睡眠》杂志上最新发表的研究揭示了青少年如何获得更多睡眠。“青少年会经历很多变化，” Stephanie J. Crowley博士说。“其中一个特别的变化是发生在青春期的睡眠生物学变化。”克劳利说：“有两种相互竞争的力量：一种是为了学校安排早点睡觉，另一种是青少年身体自然发生的生理变化。”)”可推知，作者提到两种相互竞争的力量的目的是为了强调青少年生物钟变化的重要性。故选A。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“To solve teen sleep shortage, the researchers used bright light therapy on two weekend mornings for a total of 2.5 hours. The bright light helps the internal clock to wake up a little earlier. This shift should make it easier for the teens to fall asleep at an appropriate time. (为了解决青少年睡眠不足的问题，研究人员在周末的两个早晨使用强光疗法，共计2.5小时。明亮的光线有助于生物钟早一点醒来。这种转变会让青少年更容易在适当的时间入睡)”可知，强光疗法确实有助于青少年养成良好的睡眠模式。故选D。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Newly published research from RUSH in the journal SLEEP reveals how adolescents can get more shut-eye.( RUSH在《睡眠》杂志上最新发表的研究揭示了青少年如何获得更多睡眠)”可知，B选项“帮助青少年获得更多的睡眠”最符合文章标题。故选B。
(B)
Top Headlines Layover or Nonstop Unique Pattern of Connectivity Lets Highly Creative People’s Brains Take Road Less Traveled to Their Destination Mar. 28 2022 — A new study shows highly creative people’s brains appear to work differently than others, with an atypical approach that makes distant connections ... Researchers Develop Real-Time Lyric Generation Technology to Inspire Song Writing Aug. 10, 2021 — Music artists can find inspiration and new creative directions for their song writing with ... Latest Headlines Aha! + Aaaah: Creative Insight Triggers a Neural Reward Signal Apr. 9, 2020 — A new neuroimaging study points to an answer of what may have driven the evolutionary development of ... October 14, 2022 _____________ _________________ Mar. 14, 2022 — Researchers have developed a new method for training people to be creative, one that shows promise of succeeding far better than current ways of sparking ... Teaching Pupils Empathy Measurably Improves Their Creative Abilities Feb. 2, 2021 — Teaching children in a way that encourages them to empathize with others measurably improves their creativity, and could potentially lead to several other beneficial learning outcomes, new research ... updated 11:02pm EDT Creativity Assessments for Students Use Your Team’s Emotions to Boost Creativity Measuring Creativity, One Word at a Time Creative Insight Triggers a Neural Reward Signal Where in the Brain Does Creativity Come From Caffeine Boosts Problem-Solving Ability
40. What’s the passage mainly about
A. News on teaching. B. News on creativity.
C. News on technology. D. News on caffeine.
41. Which headline as follows is suitable for Mar. 14, 2022
A. More Methods Help You Creative B. Many Ways Help You Succeed
C. Anyone Can Be Creative D. Everyone Can Be Stimulated
42. Which of the following is true according to the passage
A. Highly creative people work differently than others.
B. Anyone can find inspiration and new ways to create.
C. Encouraging kids to help others is a way to improve their creativity.
D. A new neuroimaging study leads to human creativity.
【答案】40. B 41. C 42. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文中主要介绍了一项关于创造力的研究。
【40题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文中“A new study shows highly creative people’s brains appear to work differently than others, with an atypical approach that makes distant connections ... (一项新的研究表明，极具创造力的人的大脑似乎与其他人的工作方式不同，他们采用了一种非典型的方法来建立遥远的联系……)”可知，这篇文章的主要内容是关于创造力的新闻。故选B。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据October 14, 2022部分中“Researchers have developed a new method for training people to be creative, one that shows promise of succeeding far better than current ways of sparking ...(研究人员已经开发出一种新的方法来训练人们的创造力，这种方法显示出比目前激发创造力的方法更好的成功前景)”可知，人们的创造力是可以通过训练的来的。故“人人都可以创造力”标题适合2022年3月14日。故选C。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中“Teaching children in a way that encourages them to empathize with others measurably improves their creativity, and could potentially lead to several other beneficial learning outcomes, new research ... (新的研究表明，以一种鼓励他们与他人共情的方式教育孩子，可以显著地提高他们的创造力，并可能导致其他几种有益的学习结果……)”推知，鼓励孩子帮助他人是提高他们创造力的一种方式。故选C。
(C)
Wildlife populations around the world are facing dramatic declines, according to new figures that have led environmental campaigners to call for urgent action to rescue the natural world. The 2022 Living Planet Index (LPI), produced by the Zoological Society of London (ZSL), reveals that studied populations of mammals, birds, reptiles (爬行动物) and fish have seen an average decline of 69 per cent since 1970, faster than previous predictions. The LPI tracked global biodiversity between 1970 and 2018, based on the monitoring of 31,821 populations of 5230 vertebrate (脊椎动物) species. Mark Wright of WWF says the degree of decline is destructive and continues to worsen. “We are not seeing any really positive signs that we are beginning to bend the curve of nature,” he says.
Freshwater vertebrates have been among the hardest-hit populations, with monitored populations showing an average decline of 83 per cent since 1970. The Amazon pink river dolphin, for example, has experienced a 65 per cent decline in its population between 1994 and 2016. Meanwhile, some of the most biodiverse regions of the world are seeing the steepest falls in wildlife, with the Caribbean and central and south America seeing average wildlife population declined by 94 per cent since 1970. Habitat loss and reduction is the largest driver of wildlife loss in all regions around the world, followed by species overexploitation by hunting, fishing or poaching (偷猎).
In December, governments from around the world will gather in Montreal, Canada, for the COP15 Biodiversity Framework, a much-delayed summit that aims to agree on a set of new targets intended to prevent the loss of animals, plants and habitats globally by 2030. “This is a once-in-a-decade opportunity that’s coming up,” says Robin Freeman of ZSL. He says it is vital that governments use the summit to agree on “meaningful, well measurable targets and goals”. “We need governments to take action to ensure that those goals deal with the complicated combined threats of climate change and biodiversity, in order for us to see a meaningful action,” says Freeman. But some researchers are critical of the LPI’s use of a headline figure of decline, warning it is easy to be misunderstood.
The findings don’t mean all species or populations worldwide are in decline. In fact, approximately half the populations show a stable or increasing trend, and half show a declining trend. “I think a more appropriate and useful way to look at it is to focus on specific species or populations,” says Hannah Ritchie at Our World in Data. But Wright says the LPI is a useful tool that reflects the findings of other biodiversity indicators. “All of those show they all scream there is something going really very badly wrong,” says Wright.
43. What does the underlined phrase in the first paragraph mean
A. Loving and protecting nature. B. Preserving the diversity of nature.
C. Underestimating the benefits of nature. D. Destroying and changing nature.
44. In paragraph 2, the author mentions the Amazon pink river dolphin to show ______.
A. the number of Amazon dolphins is on the rise
B. freshwater vertebrates are at risk of extinction
C. there are no positive measures to protect nature
D. some of the world’s wild animals are in decline
45. What can we learn about people’s response to the issue mentioned in the passage
A. It makes sense to focus on a particular species.
B. Preventing the loss of habitats by 2030 is certain to happen.
C. New agreement on the prevention of habitat loss will be in vain.
D. The Caribbean wildlife has been well protected in recent decades.
46. Which of the following is the best title of the passage
A. The COP15 Biodiversity Framework
B. Wildlife Population Declining Sharply
C. Urgent Action to Save the Earth
D. Correct Interpretation of LPI
【答案】43. B 44. B 45. A 46. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了世界各地的野生动物数量正面临急剧下降，世界各国政府将齐聚加拿大蒙特利尔，集思广益，制订计划救自然世界。
【43题详解】
词句猜测题。由第一段中的“The 2022 Living Planet Index (LPI), produced by the Zoological Society of London (ZSL), reveals that studied populations of mammals, birds, reptiles (爬行动物) and fish have seen an average decline of 69 per cent since 1970, faster than previous predictions. The LPI tracked global biodiversity between 1970 and 2018, based on the monitoring of 31,821 populations of 5230 vertebrate (脊椎动物) species. Mark Wright of WWF says the degree of decline is destructive and continues to worsen. “We are not seeing any really positive signs that we are beginning to bend the curve of nature,” he says. (伦敦动物学会（ZSL）发布的2022年活星球指数（LPI）显示，自1970年以来，哺乳动物、鸟类、爬行动物和鱼类的研究种群平均下降了69%，比之前的预测更快。根据对5230种脊椎动物的31821个种群的监测，LPI在1970年至2018年间追踪了全球生物多样性。世界自然基金会（WWF）的马克·赖特表示，下降的程度是破坏性的，而且还在继续恶化。“我们没有看到任何真正积极的迹象表明我们正在开始bend the curve of nature,”他说)”可知，上文谈及地球生物多样性丧失的问题，且马克·赖特表示他没有看到人类有真正拯救地球生物多样性的积极迹象。由此推知，划线短语意为“保护自然的多样性（Preserving the diversity of nature）”。故选B项。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。由第二段中的“Freshwater vertebrates have been among the hardest-hit populations, with monitored populations showing an average decline of 83 per cent since 1970. The Amazon pink river dolphin, for example, has experienced a 65 per cent decline in its population between 1994 and 2016. (淡水脊椎动物一直是受影响最严重的种群之一，监测到的种群数量自1970年以来平均下降了83%。例如，1994年至2016年间，亚马逊粉红河海豚的种群数量下降了65%)”可推知，作者提到亚马逊粉红河海豚是为了表明淡水脊椎动物一直是受影响最严重的种群之一，一些淡水脊椎动物面临灭绝的危险。故选B项。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。由最后一段中的““I think a more appropriate and useful way to look at it is to focus on specific species or populations,” says Hannah Ritchie at Our World in Data. (“我认为更合适和有用的方法是关注特定物种或种群，”Hannah Ritchie在《我们的数据世界》中说道)”可知，关注某一特定物种是有意义的。故选A项。
【46题详解】
主旨大意题。由第一段中的“Wildlife populations around the world are facing dramatic declines, according to new figures that have led environmental campaigners to call for urgent action to rescue the natural world. (根据新的数据，世界各地的野生动物数量正面临急剧下降，这一数字已导致环境活动家呼吁采取紧急行动拯救自然世界)”及第二段中的“Freshwater vertebrates have been among the hardest-hit populations, with monitored populations showing an average decline of 83 per cent since 1970. (淡水脊椎动物一直是受影响最严重的种群之一，监测到的种群数量自1970年以来平均下降了83%)”和最后一段中的“But Wright says the LPI is a useful tool that reflects the findings of other biodiversity indicators. “All of those show they all scream there is something going really very badly wrong,” says Wright. (但赖特表示，LPI是反映其他生物多样性指标结果的有用工具。“所有这些都表明它们都在尖叫，有些事情真的非常严重，”赖特说)”可知，文章讲述了世界各地的野生动物数量正面临急剧下降，人们要采取措施拯救自然世界。由此可知，B项“野生动物数量急剧下降”适合作本文最佳标题。故选B项。
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Engaging in Family Meals
Engaging in family meals may be a matter of improving communication and support at home. A new study in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, published by Elsevier, connects less family discouragement and better family communication with a higher likelihood to eat evening family meals and family breakfasts together, and not in front of a television. The researchers surveyed 259 patients who participated in weight management and weight loss programs at the Ohio State University or Wake Forest University. ______47______
“It’s important to note all family members in the home have influence,” lead study author Keeley J. Pratt, PhD, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA, said of the findings that any family member can influence the adoption and maintenance of healthy patterns and behaviors in the home. ______48______ The study also found parents who perceived their child to be overweight were more than four times as likely to talk to them about the kid’s weight, also called “weight talk.”
“While open communication with children about health is beneficial, it’s important to ensure communication directly about children’s weight is not harmful in their development of a healthy body image and behaviors. That includes older children and adolescents who are at greater risk of developing eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors,” Professor Pratt said. ______49______ Families with younger children, regardless of gender, were more likely to eat family dinners and breakfasts together, and parents of older children were more likely to talk about their own weight with the child. As kids grow up, the relationship between kids and their parents becomes better.
______50______ “Understanding these associations will provide essential evidence needed to design future family-based interventions for these patients to help in their behavior change and weight loss, prevent the beginning of obesity in children, and enhance positive family meal practices and healthy communication about weight,” Professor Pratt said.
A. The study shows parents of older children were more likely to talk about their own weight with the child.
B. They found parents with better family communication were more likely to participate in family meals.
C. There was no significant difference between male and female children in this study.
D. This was the first study specifically to examine the home eating habits of adult patients.
E. Previous study has shown parental obesity (肥胖) is the strongest risk for children’s obesity.
F. Someone has no power to influence the family, but they are influencing each other.
【答案】47. B 48. E 49. C 50. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了参与家庭聚餐可能会改善家庭沟通和支持的方式。
【47题详解】
上文“The researchers surveyed 259 patients who participated in weight management and weight loss programs at the Ohio State University or Wake Forest University. (研究人员调查了259名在俄亥俄州立大学或维克森林大学参加体重管理和减肥项目的患者。)”说明研究人员调查了患者，由此推知，空处陈述研究人员的发现。选项B“他们发现，家庭沟通更好的父母更有可能参与家庭聚餐。”承接上文，说明调查的结果。故选B项。
【48题详解】
上文“‘It’s important to note all family members in the home have influence,’ lead study author Keeley J. Pratt, PhD, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA, said of the findings that any family member can influence the adoption and maintenance of healthy patterns and behaviors in the home. (‘重要的是要注意家庭中的所有家庭成员都有影响力，’该研究的主要作者、美国俄亥俄州哥伦布市俄亥俄州立大学的Keeley J. Pratt博士谈到研究结果时说，任何家庭成员都可能影响家庭中健康模式和行为的采用和维持。)”谈到任何家庭成员都有影响力，可能影响家庭其他成员的健康模式。选项E“先前的研究已经表明，父母肥胖是儿童肥胖的最大风险。”承接上文，说明家庭成员父母对孩子有极大的影响，且与下文“The study also found parents who perceived their child to be overweight were more than four times as likely to talk to them about the kid’s weight, also called “weight talk.”(该研究还发现，认为孩子超重的父母与他们谈论孩子体重的可能性是他们的四倍多，也称为“体重谈话”)”构成并列关系。故选E项。
【49题详解】
下文“Families with younger children, regardless of gender, were more likely to eat family dinners and breakfasts together, and parents of older children were more likely to talk about their own weight with the child. (有年幼孩子的家庭，无论性别，都更有可能一起吃家庭晚餐和早餐，年龄较大孩子的父母更有可能与孩子谈论自己的体重。)”说明无论性别，都有同样的规律，选项C“在这项研究中，男女儿童之间没有显著差异。”概括下文，说明研究发现，男女儿童没有差异。故选C项。
【50题详解】
以上几段介绍了该项研究发现的内容，选项D“这是第一个专门调查成年患者家庭饮食习惯的研究。”作为最后一段的首句，承接以上段落，介绍该项研究的意义，说明该研究的首创性。引出下文“Understanding these associations will provide essential evidence needed to design future family-based interventions for these patients to help in their behavior change and weight loss, prevent the beginning of obesity in children, and enhance positive family meal practices and healthy communication about weight. (了解这些联系将提供必要的证据，为这些患者设计未来以家庭为基础的干预措施，以帮助他们改变行为和减肥，防止儿童肥胖的开始，并加强积极的家庭饮食习惯和关于体重的健康沟通。)”说明该研究能帮助家庭加强积极的饮食习惯和健康沟通，具有积极的意义。故选B项。
IV. Summary Writing
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Graduates Turn to Teaching
China has witnessed a 66-fold increase in the number of applicants for teaching qualification tests over the past decade, and experts say the popularity has mainly been driven by more graduates chasing stable jobs. According to the latest figures from the Ministry of Education, the number of applicants for teaching exams each year has grown from 172,000 to 11.44 million in the past decade.
Experts said the sharp increase corresponds with the increase in teachers’ salaries and status within society, and it is expected to bring about an overall improvement in quality teaching. However, another big reason for the enthusiasm for teaching posts is that the challenging and complicated employment situation is driving graduates toward stable jobs such as working as teachers and government officials.
Chu Zhaohui, a senior researcher at the National Institute of Education Sciences, said the popularity of teaching posts is closely associated with people’s changing perception of the economic situation, job stability and security, which are major concerns for graduates.
In view of the coronavirus epidemic in recent years, many college graduates just want a stable job, so teaching suddenly becomes a very popular profession, and many students from well-known universities have joined the competition. Of course, everyone has their own ideas. Take Wang Lin for example. Wang Lin, who graduated from a famous university, said she had wanted to be a history teacher since middle school, inspired by her own history teacher. She added she had a good impression of her teachers from an early age and was grateful to those who had taught her. In fact, there are many such cases.
While passing the teaching qualification test is the first step to becoming a teacher in China, landing a post at schools in big cities can be very competitive.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】China has witnessed a tremendous increase in the number of applicants for teaching qualification tests over the past decade. The sharp increase is expected to bring about an overall improvement in quality teaching. What’s more practical reason is the challenging and complicated employment situation. Passing the teaching qualification test is the first step to becoming a teacher in China.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，在过去的十年里，中国参加教师资格考试的人数有了巨大的增长。预计这一急剧增长将带来教学质量的全面提高。更现实的原因是就业形势的挑战和复杂。在中国，通过教师资格考试是成为一名教师的第一步。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①China has witnessed a 66-fold increase in the number of applicants for teaching qualification tests over the past decade, and experts say the popularity has mainly been driven by more graduates chasing stable jobs.
②Experts said the sharp increase corresponds with the increase in teachers’ salaries and status within society, and it is expected to bring about an overall improvement in quality teaching.
③However, another big reason for the enthusiasm for teaching posts is that the challenging and complicated employment situation is driving graduates toward stable jobs such as working as teachers and government officials.
④While passing the teaching qualification test is the first step to becoming a teacher in China, landing a post at schools in big cities can be very competitive.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
China has witnessed a tremendous increase in the number of applicants for teaching qualification tests over the past decade.
The sharp increase is expected to bring about an overall improvement in quality teaching.
What’s more practical reason is the challenging and complicated employment situation.
Passing the teaching qualification test is the first step to becoming a teacher in China.
【点睛】[高分句型1] What’s more practical reason is the challenging and complicated employment situation.运用主语从句对原文第二段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Passing the teaching qualification test is the first step to becoming a teacher in China.用动名词作主语对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 今天的香肠炒饭闻起来很香, 我都流口水了。(smell) (汉译英)
【答案】Today’s sausages fried rice smells so delicious that my mouth is watering.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词，名词和固定搭配。“今天”可译作today’s；“香肠炒饭”可译作sausages fried rice；“闻起来很香”可译作 smell so delicious，因为主语“米饭”为不可数名词，故smell使用第三人称单数；“我流口水”即“我的嘴巴流口水”可译作my mouth is watering使用现在进行时表示状态；因为“闻起来香”导致了“我流口水”这一结果，故可以用so+adj.+that 引导结果状语从句的结构将前后连接起来。故译作Today’s sausages fried rice smells so delicious that my mouth is watering.
53. 公司做出了一些重大决定，可能直接影响到员工的经济收入。(which) (汉译英)
【答案】Companies made some big decisions, which can directly affect employees' financial earnings.
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句和固定短语。此处主语为companies，表示“做出一些重大决定”可知短语为make some big decisions；后跟which引导的非限制性定语从句；表示“可能直接影响到员工的经济收入”翻译为can directly affect employees' financial earnings，为一般过去时。故翻译为Companies made some big decisions, which can directly affect employees' financial earnings.
54. 我们党带领人民攻克了许多长期没有解决的难题，办成了许多事关长远的大事。(accomplish) (汉译英)
【答案】Our Party has led the people in overcoming many difficult problems that have remained unsolved for a long time, and in accomplishing many important tasks concerning the long term.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。主语为party，表示“带领人民攻克了许多长期没有解决的难题”翻译为lead the people in overcoming many difficult problems that have remained unsolved for a long time；表示“办成了许多事关长远的大事”翻译为accomplish many important tasks concerning the long term，accomplish作介词的宾语应用动名词。句子应用现在完成时。故翻译为Our Party has led the people in overcoming many difficult problems that have remained unsolved for a long time, and in accomplishing many important tasks concerning the long term.
55. 电影《万里归途》(10,000 Miles Back)改编自真实事件，首次揭秘手无寸铁的中国外交官是如何用智慧和沟通扭转局面，带领华侨安全回家的故事。(base) (汉译英)
【答案】Based on a true story, the film “10,000 Miles Back” reveals for the first time how unarmed Chinese diplomats used their intelligence and communication to turn the tide and bring overseas Chinese home safely.
【解析】
【详解】考查不定式、宾语从句和时态。表示“改编自真实事件”为based on a true story，在句中作状语，过去分词（已转化为形容词）短语based on“以……为依据”是固定搭配；表示“电影《万里归途》(10,000 Miles Back)”为the film “10,000 Miles Back”作主语，为单数；描述电影内容，用一般现在时，表示谓语动词“揭秘”，主谓一致，为reveals；表示“首次”为介词短语for the first time；用宾语从句表示“手无寸铁的中国外交官是如何用智慧和沟通扭转局面，带领华侨安全回家”为how unarmed Chinese diplomats used their intelligence and communication to turn the tide and bring overseas Chinese home safely，讲述过去故事用一般过去时，引导词为连接副词how，从句中用陈述语序，其中不定式短语to turn the tide and bring overseas Chinese home safely在从句中作目的状语。句首字母大写，故翻译为Based on a true story, 10,000 Miles Back reveals for the first time how unarmed Chinese diplomats used their intelligence and communication to turn the tide and bring overseas Chinese home safely.
VI. Guided Writing
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是启明中学高三学生王华，你校学生会将组织一次“品上海”的活动，已在学校官网上发布方案，征求全体学生的意见。你需要写一封邮件，包含以下两点：
1. 提出你觉得需要改进的地方;
2. 需要改进的原因。
主题 品上海
时间 2023年1月2日上午7:00–下午18:00
路线 从人民广场坐旅游巴士前往青浦，参观“陈云故居”“朱家角古镇”“青西郊野公园”，然后返回人民广场。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Sir/Madam,
I’m really excited to hear that an activity named “Taste Shanghai” will be held from 7:00 am to 18:00 pm on January 2nd, 2023. However, there may be further improvement of the scheme you’ve posted on the campus website, as I’d like to point out.
First of all, as participants, we need to know where should we meet . In the mean time, we are willing to have a clearer picture of security precautions and necessary medical support for the activity. Only by doing so are you likely to make it a success. What’s more, in addition to visiting the “former Residence of Chen Yun”, “Zhujiajiao Ancient Town” and “Qingxi Suburban Wild Park”, I suggest that the activities of tasting special food and tasting special culture can be included. By appreciating the local culture, we can gain a deeper insight into the prosperity of our city.
I hope that my voice above can be heard and considered and wish the activity a great success.
Yours sincerely,
Wang Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给学校工作人员写一封信件，针对学生会即将组织的“品上海”的活动提出相关意见。内容包括：提出你觉得需要改进的地方，以及需要改进的原因。
【详解】1.词汇积累
举办：hold→launch
此外： what’s more→besides
建议：suggest→advise
希望：hope→expect
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句： In the mean time, we are willing to have a clearer picture of security precautions and necessary medical support for the activity.
拓展句： In the mean time, we are willing to have a clearer picture of security precautions and necessary medical support for the activity, which is of great importance.
【点睛】【高分句型1】However, there may be further improvement of the scheme you’ve posted on the campus website, as I’d like to point out.（运用了省略引导词that/which引导的限制性定语从句，以及as引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】I hope that my voice above can be heard and considered and wish the activity a great success.（运用了that引导的宾语从句以及情态动词的被动语态）普陀区2022学年第一学期高三英语质量调研
英语试卷
考生注意：
1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2. 本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. An agent. D. A businessman.
2. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a supermarket. D. In a museum.
3. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is well decorated.
C It is disappointing. D. It is inconvenient.
4. A. On July 7th. B. On July 8th. C. On July 9th. D. On July 10th.
5. A. She found no one on the stage. B. She could hardly find her seat.
C. She wasn’t interested in the show. D. She didn’t get a favorable seat.
6. A. The man often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.
C. The man doesn’t eat breakfast. D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve lunch.
7. A. Selling onions. B. Planting vegetables.
C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.
8. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There’s a traffic jam on Broadway Street.
C. The man is reading the news on air. D. A vehicle is polluting the air seriously.
9. A. The movie is good except the bad ending. B. The movie won an award.
C. She agrees with the man’s comments. D. She doesn’t like the special effects.
10. A. Working hard. B. Refusing the job offer.
C. Expecting another chance. D. Finding an ideal job.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following news.
11. A. 13. B. 31. C. 113. D.131.
12. A. More women will win awards than men in the future.
B. Bettozzi is the first woman to win the Nobel Chemistry Prize.
C. Inequality in the Nobel Prize selection process is decreasing.
D. Two Danish scientists have won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry.
13. A. Nobel’s life story. B. Three Nobel Chemistry Prize winners.
C. The Nobel Chemistry Prize. D. The voting process for the Nobel Prize.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. Helping you heal a broken heart. B. Helping you live in your own world.
C. Helping you cure all kinds of diseases. D. Helping you connect others for comfort.
15. A. It is impossible to heal with sad music.
B. Heartache is curable even without sad music.
C Listening to sad music stimulates the desire to contact others.
D. When you feel sad, listening to sad music will lift your mood.
16. A. Sad people should not listen to sad music.
B. Sad music can help you recover from a broken heart.
C. You can listen to sad music when you are sad.
D. Listening to sad music has great effect on mood.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. Classmates. B. Schoolmates. C. Roommates. D. Brother and sister.
18. A. She has to write an essay at the library.
B. She has to go to the library and meet her teacher there.
C. She has to return her books to the library today.
D. She has to look for some books at the library.
19. A. He’ll be late for the swimming class. B. He hasn’t swum for almost three years.
C. He’ll have a mid-term exam next month. D. He finished his paper three weeks ago.
20. A. His paper needs to be revised. B. The ideas in the essay are very inventive.
C. His teacher helped him finish his essay. D. His paper has been done for 3 weeks.
II. Grammar and vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Big Sister’s Wedding
Three days before the wedding, Grand Aunt personally entrusted a special small package for Aunt Baba to hand to Big Sister. On ___1___ (open) the elegant leather case in Aunt Baba’s room, Big Sister found a lovely pendant (吊坠) made of ancient green jade hanging on a heavy gold chain. She immediately put it on and breathed with pleasure while she admired ___2___ in the mirror. Then she begged Aunt Baba and me not to mention Grand Aunt’s gift to a soul, obviously intending to keep the pendant ___3___ telling Niang.
The wedding was a formal and brilliant affair with a ceremonial dinner party for five hundred in the grand ballroom on the ninth floor of the Cathay Hotel, ___4___ (situate) at the border of the Bund and fashionable Nanjing Road and overlooking the Huangpu River. The room ___5___ (fill) with masses of fresh flowers, and the Chinese character for double happiness was outlined in red blooms against the wall. Big Sister was elegantly dressed in a beautiful pink Qipao and silver shoes ___6___ Samuel wore a tuxedo (燕尾服). Two professional radio comedians acted as masters of ceremonies.
I had nothing to wear but an old pink Qipao ___7___ had been handed down by Big Sister when she grew out of it. ___8___ I didn’t look particularly nice, at least I didn’t stand out and no one noticed me. My three older brothers, however, were having a horrible time. For this special occasion, Father ordered them ___9___ (have) fresh hair-cuts. My brothers’ heads were shaved cleanly, so not a trace of hair ____10____ (remain). They were wearing dark-blue, traditional, long Chinese clothes with high collars and cloth buttons. I thought the brothers would make a lot of unexpected things on the Big Sister’s wedding.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. generated B. mechanically C. partnership D. reforming E. powered F. efficiency G. growing H. greatly I. sustainable J. revolutionize K. emissions
The Inevitable Plastics Revolution
The Guardian once called plastic “Man’s worst invention”. One of the lesser-known uses of plastic is to reduce carbon emissions. For example, plastics make vehicles lighter thereby increasing their ___11___; it also increases the shelf life of foods, reducing food waste and the need to transport more. So plastics have an important role to play in creating a ___12___ future.
Currently that isn’t the case. Of the 24.5 million tons of plastic waste ___13___ in Europe each year, only 14 per cent is recycled. The rest is burned, buried or lost on land or at sea. Indeed, the European plastics industry emits 95 million tons of CO2 each year, about 3.7 per cent of total ___14___. One-third of this comes from the burning of waste plastics.
That has to change, says Marc, one of the world’s leading chemicals and plastics manufacturers. “With a ___15___ population, we need to find a way to make better use of our resources.” In ___16___ with the recycling technology company, Mura Technology, it wants to ___17___ the plastics economy by dramatically increasing the amount of plastic that is recycled while also reducing carbon emissions. The approach will change the way we make plastic.
Today most plastic is made from petrochemicals, using processes ___18___ by fossil fuels. While a great deal is thrown away, a large proportion of plastics waste can be collected and sent to be ____19____ recycled. This involves washing, drying and grinding the material, then heating and ___20___ it into a new product. But at no stage is the chemical structure of the plastic changed. In order to reduce pollution, the plastics manufacturing sector needs technological innovation.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
What do you know about fashion The fashion industry, which has become one of the most ____21____ to the planet, is having a moment of punishment. But which changes make a difference, and which ones just ____22____ in the wash In fact, the fashion industry is second only to the oil industry, the most environmentally unfriendly industry.
A friend of mine ____23____ an antique clothes store in the north of London. Business has been good for many years, which makes her acquire a large fortune. Every few weeks, she visits a vast storehouse on the edge of the city to go through piles of clothing. Most of it is ____24____, but if you know what you are looking for, there are raw diamonds. The storehouse has a long history. It was once a clearing house for the low-quality wool scraps(碎料) that were used to make cheap clothing for the ____25____ in Victorian Britain. A century on, ____26____ has changed. Nowadays, it is full of modern-day inferior products, all ____27____ cheap clothing made for the masses around the world. Except that this stuff is going to be burned or buried, not being reused.
The items are the products of an industry that, in the past 30 years, has become one of the most successful and also most ____28____ on the planet. Known as fast fashion, it has filled our wardrobes(衣柜) with cheap and cheerful clothes. But after three decades of continuous growth, the model is in ____29____ with fundamental environmental limits and there is widespread agreement – even from within the industry – that it is time to ______30______. Otherwise, “Fast fashion” creates a mountain of unsellable, cheap clothing that ends up in a terrible place.
“The fashion industry represents a key environmental ______31______,” says Kirsi Niinim ki at Aalto University in Espoo, Finland. “Eventually, the long-term stability of the fashion industry ______32______ the total abandonment of the fast-fashion model.” Like fast food, fast fashion is all about instant ______33______ on the cheap.
One wonders: What can we do about it Don’t you have any clothes on It’s not that ______34______. More importantly, don’t waste, learn to control your desires and ______35______ falling into this “Fast fashion” lifestyle. As the guardian columnist Lucy Seagal once said, the “Fast fashion” industry is profit-driven, but consumers who have experienced “over-consumption” will naturally grow tired of it, and the market will have its choice.
21. A. convincing B. interesting C. confusing D. damaging
22. A. carry out B. come out C. set out D. break out
23. A. builds B. runs C. supports D. controls
24. A. expensive B. useless C. worthless D. attractive
25. A. businessmen B. children C. locals D. masses
26. A. little B. few C. much D. many
27. A. on behalf of B. in the form of C. for the sake of D. in terms of
28. A. effective B. destructive C. preventive D. alternative
29. A. quarrel B. argument C. fight D. conflict
30. A. tell the truth B. hit the brakes C. pave the way D. break the ice
31. A. threat B. effect C. problem D. protection
32. A. results from B. consists of C. brings about D. relies on
33. A. ambition B. action C. satisfaction D. attraction
34. A. far B. extreme C. bad D. complex
35. A. enjoy B. imagine C. miss D. avoid
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Adjusting to a new sleep schedule at the start of the school year can lead to disturbed rest, daytime tiredness and changes in mood and focus for teens. Although they need eight to ten hours of sleep per night to maintain physical health, emotional well-being and school performance, according to the National Sleep Foundation, most adolescents get less than eight.
Newly published research from RUSH in the journal SLEEP reveals how adolescents can get more shut-eye. “There are a lot of changes a teen goes through,” said Stephanie J. Crowley, PhD. “One specifically is a change to sleep biology that happens during adolescence.” Crowley said, “there are two competing forces: one to go to bed earlier for the school schedule and the other a biological change that happens naturally to a teen’s body.” Because of this complex conflict, RUSH researchers set out to test a two-week intervention that targets the circadian(昼夜节律的) system with different behavioral measures and tries to help the teens figure out a better nighttime routine.
To solve teen sleep shortage, the researchers used bright light therapy on two weekend mornings for a total of 2.5 hours. The bright light helps the internal clock to wake up a little earlier. This shift should make it easier for the teens to fall asleep at an appropriate time. Crowley and her team then helped them make up for sleep problems by providing time management tools and addressing barriers to an earlier bedtime, like limiting certain after-school activities.
Researchers were able to shift the teens’ bedtime by an hour and a half earlier, and their total sleep time increased by approximately an hour. “The interesting thing is that teens with late circadian clocks shifted by up to two hours earlier,” Crowley said. “And the teens who had an earlier circadian clock didn’t need to be shifted any earlier. They just needed the behavioral support of trying to manage their time in the evening and increase their sleep duration.” The researchers also found the teens in the intervention group were less tired, and less angry, and they exhibited better concentration. The students’ morning attention improved as well.
36. According to the author, what’s the major sleeping problem in teens
A. Most teens’ circadian clocks have changed.
B. Most teens get less than eight hours of sleep.
C Too much sleep affects teens’ academic performance.
D. Teens have to get more sleep in order to go to school.
37. What’s the author’s purpose of mentioning two competing forces
A To highlight the importance of circadian clock changes in teens.
B. To emphasize the significance of teens’ night-time routine.
C. To show the conflict between sleeping early and not wanting to sleep.
D. To build connection between sleeping earlier and rising earlier.
38. What can we learn about the bright light therapy
A. It makes teens go through many different changes.
B. It makes teens without enough sleep concentrate on their study.
C. It helps teens go to bed three hours earlier every day.
D. It does help teens develop good sleep patterns.
39. What is the best title of the passage
A. Teens’ Sleeping Time B. Helping Teens Get More Sleep
C. Experiment on Teens’ Behavior D. Improving Teens’ Concentration
(B)
Top Headlines Layover or Nonstop Unique Pattern of Connectivity Lets Highly Creative People’s Brains Take Road Less Traveled to Their Destination Mar. 28, 2022 — A new study shows highly creative people’s brains appear to work differently than others, with an atypical approach that makes distant connections ... Researchers Develop Real-Time Lyric Generation Technology to Inspire Song Writing Aug. 10, 2021 — Music artists can find inspiration and new creative directions for their song writing with ... Latest Headlines Aha! + Aaaah: Creative Insight Triggers a Neural Reward Signal Apr. 9, 2020 — A new neuroimaging study points to an answer of what may have driven the evolutionary development of ... October 14, 2022 _____________ _________________ Mar. 14, 2022 — Researchers have developed a new method for training people to be creative, one that shows promise of succeeding far better than current ways of sparking ... Teaching Pupils Empathy Measurably Improves Their Creative Abilities Feb. 2, 2021 — Teaching children in a way that encourages them to empathize with others measurably improves their creativity, and could potentially lead to several other beneficial learning outcomes, new research ... updated 11:02pm EDT Creativity Assessments for Students Use Your Team’s Emotions to Boost Creativity Measuring Creativity, One Word at a Time Creative Insight Triggers a Neural Reward Signal Where in the Brain Does Creativity Come From Caffeine Boosts Problem-Solving Ability
40. What’s the passage mainly about
A. News on teaching. B. News on creativity.
C. News on technology. D. News on caffeine.
41. Which headline as follows is suitable for Mar. 14, 2022
A. More Methods Help You Creative B. Many Ways Help You Succeed
C. Anyone Can Be Creative D. Everyone Can Be Stimulated
42. Which of the following is true according to the passage
A. Highly creative people work differently than others.
B. Anyone can find inspiration and new ways to create.
C Encouraging kids to help others is a way to improve their creativity.
D. A new neuroimaging study leads to human creativity.
(C)
Wildlife populations around the world are facing dramatic declines, according to new figures that have led environmental campaigners to call for urgent action to rescue the natural world. The 2022 Living Planet Index (LPI), produced by the Zoological Society of London (ZSL), reveals that studied populations of mammals, birds, reptiles (爬行动物) and fish have seen an average decline of 69 per cent since 1970, faster than previous predictions. The LPI tracked global biodiversity between 1970 and 2018, based on the monitoring of 31,821 populations of 5230 vertebrate (脊椎动物) species. Mark Wright of WWF says the degree of decline is destructive and continues to worsen. “We are not seeing any really positive signs that we are beginning to bend the curve of nature,” he says.
Freshwater vertebrates have been among the hardest-hit populations, with monitored populations showing an average decline of 83 per cent since 1970. The Amazon pink river dolphin, for example, has experienced a 65 per cent decline in its population between 1994 and 2016. Meanwhile, some of the most biodiverse regions of the world are seeing the steepest falls in wildlife, with the Caribbean and central and south America seeing average wildlife population declined by 94 per cent since 1970. Habitat loss and reduction is the largest driver of wildlife loss in all regions around the world, followed by species overexploitation by hunting, fishing or poaching (偷猎).
In December, governments from around the world will gather in Montreal, Canada, for the COP15 Biodiversity Framework, a much-delayed summit that aims to agree on a set of new targets intended to prevent the loss of animals, plants and habitats globally by 2030. “This is a once-in-a-decade opportunity that’s coming up,” says Robin Freeman of ZSL. He says it is vital that governments use the summit to agree on “meaningful, well measurable targets and goals”. “We need governments to take action to ensure that those goals deal with the complicated combined threats of climate change and biodiversity, in order for us to see a meaningful action,” says Freeman. But some researchers are critical of the LPI’s use of a headline figure of decline, warning it is easy to be misunderstood.
The findings don’t mean all species or populations worldwide are in decline. In fact, approximately half the populations show a stable or increasing trend, and half show a declining trend. “I think a more appropriate and useful way to look at it is to focus on specific species or populations,” says Hannah Ritchie at Our World in Data. But Wright says the LPI is a useful tool that reflects the findings of other biodiversity indicators. “All of those show they all scream there is something going really very badly wrong,” says Wright.
43. What does the underlined phrase in the first paragraph mean
A. Loving and protecting nature. B. Preserving the diversity of nature.
C. Underestimating the benefits of nature. D. Destroying and changing nature.
44. In paragraph 2, the author mentions the Amazon pink river dolphin to show ______.
A. the number of Amazon dolphins is on the rise
B. freshwater vertebrates are at risk of extinction
C. there are no positive measures to protect nature
D. some of the world’s wild animals are in decline
45. What can we learn about people’s response to the issue mentioned in the passage
A. It makes sense to focus on a particular species.
B. Preventing the loss of habitats by 2030 is certain to happen.
C. New agreement on the prevention of habitat loss will be in vain.
D. The Caribbean wildlife has been well protected in recent decades.
46. Which of the following is the best title of the passage
A. The COP15 Biodiversity Framework
B. Wildlife Population Declining Sharply
C. Urgent Action to Save the Earth
D. Correct Interpretation of LPI
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Engaging in Family Meals
Engaging in family meals may be a matter of improving communication and support at home. A new study in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, published by Elsevier, connects less family discouragement and better family communication with a higher likelihood to eat evening family meals and family breakfasts together, and not in front of a television. The researchers surveyed 259 patients who participated in weight management and weight loss programs at the Ohio State University or Wake Forest University. ______47______
“It’s important to note all family members in the home have influence,” lead study author Keeley J. Pratt, PhD, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA, said of the findings that any family member can influence the adoption and maintenance of healthy patterns and behaviors in the home. ______48______ The study also found parents who perceived their child to be overweight were more than four times as likely to talk to them about the kid’s weight, also called “weight talk.”
“While open communication with children about health is beneficial, it’s important to ensure communication directly about children’s weight is not harmful in their development of a healthy body image and behaviors. That includes older children and adolescents who are at greater risk of developing eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors,” Professor Pratt said. ______49______ Families with younger children, regardless of gender, were more likely to eat family dinners and breakfasts together, and parents of older children were more likely to talk about their own weight with the child. As kids grow up, the relationship between kids and their parents becomes better.
______50______ “Understanding these associations will provide essential evidence needed to design future family-based interventions for these patients to help in their behavior change and weight loss, prevent the beginning of obesity in children, and enhance positive family meal practices and healthy communication about weight,” Professor Pratt said.
A. The study shows parents of older children were more likely to talk about their own weight with the child.
B. They found parents with better family communication were more likely to participate in family meals.
C. There was no significant difference between male and female children in this study.
D. This was the first study specifically to examine the home eating habits of adult patients.
E. Previous study has shown parental obesity (肥胖) is the strongest risk for children’s obesity.
F. Someone has no power to influence the family, but they are influencing each other.
IV. Summary Writing
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Graduates Turn to Teaching
China has witnessed a 66-fold increase in the number of applicants for teaching qualification tests over the past decade, and experts say the popularity has mainly been driven by more graduates chasing stable jobs. According to the latest figures from the Ministry of Education, the number of applicants for teaching exams each year has grown from 172,000 to 11.44 million in the past decade.
Experts said the sharp increase corresponds with the increase in teachers’ salaries and status within society, and it is expected to bring about an overall improvement in quality teaching. However, another big reason for the enthusiasm for teaching posts is that the challenging and complicated employment situation is driving graduates toward stable jobs such as working as teachers and government officials.
Chu Zhaohui, a senior researcher at the National Institute of Education Sciences, said the popularity of teaching posts is closely associated with people’s changing perception of the economic situation, job stability and security, which are major concerns for graduates.
In view of the coronavirus epidemic in recent years, many college graduates just want a stable job, so teaching suddenly becomes a very popular profession, and many students from well-known universities have joined the competition. Of course, everyone has their own ideas. Take Wang Lin for example. Wang Lin, who graduated from a famous university, said she had wanted to be a history teacher since middle school, inspired by her own history teacher. She added she had a good impression of her teachers from an early age and was grateful to those who had taught her. In fact, there are many such cases.
While passing the teaching qualification test is the first step to becoming a teacher in China, landing a post at schools in big cities can be very competitive.
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V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 今天的香肠炒饭闻起来很香, 我都流口水了。(smell) (汉译英)
53. 公司做出了一些重大决定，可能直接影响到员工的经济收入。(which) (汉译英)
54. 我们党带领人民攻克了许多长期没有解决的难题，办成了许多事关长远的大事。(accomplish) (汉译英)
55. 电影《万里归途》(10,000 Miles Back)改编自真实事件，首次揭秘手无寸铁的中国外交官是如何用智慧和沟通扭转局面，带领华侨安全回家的故事。(base) (汉译英)
VI. Guided Writing
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是启明中学高三学生王华，你校学生会将组织一次“品上海”的活动，已在学校官网上发布方案，征求全体学生的意见。你需要写一封邮件，包含以下两点：
1. 提出你觉得需要改进的地方;
2. 需要改进的原因。
主题 品上海
时间 2023年1月2日上午7:00–下午18:00
路线 从人民广场坐旅游巴士前往青浦，参观“陈云故居”“朱家角古镇”“青西郊野公园”，然后返回人民广场。
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