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XB2U1 Reading and Thinking
高中英语新人教版选择性必修二
SCIENCE AND SCIENTIST
Learning objectives
By the end of this class, you will be able to:
express your idea on the given topic through creative thinking.
summarize the significance and contribution of John’s work;
find out the stages of scientific research;
Learn about John Snow’s research process and analyze his characters；
Archimedes
Charles Darwin
Tu Youyou
Gregor Mendel
Leonardo da Vinci
Marie Curie
Thomas Edison
Zhang Heng
Zhong Nanshan
Do you know the scientists
scientist
Lead in
John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”
What does “ King ” imply in the title
The name of cholera
The causes of cholera
Cholera spread fast
Cholera is powerful and hard to cure
John Snow
a famous doctor and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth.
John Snow defeats “King cholera”
Cholera
It begins in the stomach and a severe case can lead to death without immediate treatment.
The victims(患者) died very quickly from a loss of liquid (缺水)after severe vomiting(呕吐) and diarrhea(腹泻).
infectious disease
spread easily
do harm to people
difficult to cure
Pre-Reading:
Cholera
loss of liquid (缺水)
severe vomiting(呕吐)
diarrhea(腹泻)
It begins in the stomach and a severe case can lead to death without immediate treatment.
seven stages in scientific research
Phenomenon
two theories
make an investigation
find
other cases
how
Find supporting evidence
Para1
Para2
Para3
Para4
Para5
Find a problem
Make a question
Think of a method
Collect data
Analyse the results
Draw a conclusion
Solutions and significance
Pre-Reading: Structure of the passage
Read the whole text quickly and match the main ideas.
Para1
Para 2
Para 4
Para 5
John Snow desired to destroy cholera.
John Snow decided to prove the second theory.
Snow began his study by marking on the map
Truth of the infection of cholera
Snow's contributions
Para 3
While Reading: Read for the main idea
collect data
think of a method
analyse the results
ask a question
draw a conclusion
find a problem
find supporting evidence
1
4
2
6
7
3
5
Read the passage again and discuss the following stages of scientific research in groups. What order would you put them in
Understand the questioning mind
句式和词块积累
1.used to do.过去常常做某事
2.one of the most feared diseases最令人恐惧的疾病之一
3.in the early 19th century在19世纪早期
4.an outbreak of xxx hit sp.某地爆发xxx
5.die from 死于 6.in time 经过一段时间之后；及时；
7.rise to become 逐渐成为 8.attend to 照顾；照料
9.give birth 生孩子；产子 10.once and for all最终的；彻底的
Read the Para 1 and find the complex sentences and useful phrases.
标注从句
标注非谓语
and
不同颜色标注并列成分
Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death. In the early 19th century, when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe,millions of people died from the disease. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth.However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.
Para.1
While Reading: Find a problem
Cholera
It's one of ________________________ in the world, because it causes _______________________________.
_______________________(when), an outbreak of cholera hit _______ milions of people ______________________.
However, he had a desire to __________________ once and for all.
Snow
He rose to become _________________ , and even _______________ Queen Victoria when she gave birth..
Snow became ________ because no one knew _________________.
the most feared diseases
severe diarrhoea and dehydration
In the early 19th century
Europe
died from the disease
“King Cholera”
frustrated
how to prevent or
treat cholera
a famous doctor
attended to
destroy cholera
Though being famous, he was still devoted to defeating “King Cholera”
句式和词块积累
1.in general 一般来说
2.sb. have two xxx. One xxx is that. The other is that.一个是…另一个是…
3.cause the disease导致疾病
4.be caused by由…导致
5.subscribe to the second theory 同意；赞成
6. so … that 如此…以至于
7.be determined to do 决定做某事
Read the Para 2 and find the complex sentences and useful phrases.
标注从句
标注非谓语
and
不同颜色标注并列成分
In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. Snow subscribed to the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof. Consequently, when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.
1. What are the two theories
The first suggested that...
The second suggested that...
2. Which theory did John Snow think was reasonable
John Snow ___________________the second theory.
subscribed to
While Reading: make a question
Para.2
句式和词块积累
1.mark on a map the exact places在地图上标记确切的位置2.water pump水泵
3.have no deaths无人死亡
4.be to blame该受责备；承担责任
Read the Para 3 and find the complex sentences and useful phrases.
标注从句
标注非谓语
and
不同颜色标注并列成分
Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40). However, some households (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer, and so had not drunk the water from the pump. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.
句式和词块积累
1.What is more此外；另外
2.die of 死于
3.move away from从…搬走
4.It seemed that似乎；好像
5.have it dellivered to把…运到…
6.as a result of由于 as a result因此
7.be able to do能够做 8.carry germs携带病菌
9.the handle of the pump水泵的把手 10.through the intervention 通过干预
11.be stopped in its tracks从途径上终止
Read the Para 3 and find the complex sentences and useful phrases.
标注从句
标注非谓语
and
不同颜色标注并列成分
What is more,in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.As a result of this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks.
3. Why is there no death at No. 20 and 21 Broad Street as well as at No. 8 and 9 Cambridge Street
4.When Snow _____________________, cholera was at an end.
These families had not drunk the water from the Broad Street pump.
had the handle of the pump removed
Para.3
While Reading: Collect data & Analyse the results
句式和词块积累
1.The truth is that xxx 事实是……
2.be infected by被……感染
3.a link between A and B. A和B之间的联系
4.be polluted by raw waste被未经处理的垃圾污染
5.be(much more) likely to do(更)有可能做某事
6.drink pure or boiled water.喝纯净水或开水
Read the Para 4 and find the complex sentences and useful phrases.
The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.
标注从句
标注非谓语
and
不同颜色标注并列成分
1. How did John Snow further confirm that cholera was spread by germs
2. What’s the conclusion of John’s research
3.How were people infected with the virus of cholera
Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.
The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste.
Para.4
While Reading：Find supporting evidence & Draw a conclusion
The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.
Through Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.However, cholera is still a problem. Each year, millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it. Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera,thanks to the work of John Snow. Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.For this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.
句式和词块积累
1.through one’s tireless efforts经过某人不懈努力
2.a sustanitial decrease大幅减少
3.xxx is still a problem……仍然是个问题
4.thanks to幸亏；由于
5. in use of在使用…时
6.for this reason 为此，由于这个原因
7.the father of modern epidemiology.现代流行病学之父
Read the Para 5 and find the complex sentences and useful phrases.
标注从句
标注非谓语
and
不同颜色标注并列成分
Read Para 5 carefully and fill in the blanks.
The result:
Through Snow’s tireless __ , water companies began to sell , and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial . , cholera is still a problem. Each year, __ of people around the world get cholera and many _ it.
efforts
clean water
decrease
However
millions
die from
Snow's contribution:
Fortunately, we now know how to cholera， the work of John Snow. , in his use of maps and statistics, Snow the way scientists study diseases.
Snow's achievement:
Snow is considered .
prevent
thanks to
Moreover
transformed
the father of modern epidemiology
Para.5
While Reading：Solutions and significance
1. Q: What ______________________________
A: Snow thought that cholera was caused by
germs in food or water.
2. Q: Why ________________________________
______________________
A: Snow had the handle from the pump
removed so that it could not be used.
3. Q: How _______________________________
A: The cholera threat was defeated thanks to
the work of John Snow.
did Snow think cholera was caused
did Snow have the handle from the pump removed
was the cholera threat defeated
Ask questions
One way to approach a reading passage is to ask questions about it. Asking questions can help you understand the content. It can also help you think more deeply about the topic.
What questions would you ask to get the following answers
In order not to get infected with disease, what should we pay attention to in our daily life.
Drink boiled water.
Remember to wear a mask when going out.
Heat the food left overnight
Wash your hands frequently.
Cook raw food thoroughly.
Deal with rubbish timely and properly.
As a doctor,
he helped us to prevent cholera.
As a scientist,
he found out what caused cholera.
Evaluation of John Snow
In time，he rose to become a famous doctor，and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth.后来，他成为一名著名的医生，甚至在维多利亚女王分娩时照顾她。
1
?in time及时；终于；迟早
in time作“终于；迟早”讲时，常单独使用，作状语。
in time作“及时”讲时，后常跟for sth. 或to do sth. 。
Snow subscribed to the second theory.斯诺赞同第二个理论。
2
?subscribe to同意；赞成；捐助；订阅(杂志或报纸)
[一词多义]　写出下列句子中subscribe to的汉语意思
(1)He subscribes to the view that children can benefit from being independent.__________
(2)This is the school your father subscribed to generously in the past. ____
(3)Using the money I earned in the holiday，I have subscribed to several magazines recently. ____
赞成；同意
捐助
订阅
Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。
3
?suspect vt.怀疑；认为 n.被怀疑者；犯罪嫌疑人
suspect that... 怀疑……；觉得……
suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做过)某事
suspect sb. to be...怀疑某人是……
Moreover，Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.此外，斯诺后来证明了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同的供水公司之间的联系。
4
?link vt.& n.连接；联系
link...to...将……和……联系或连接起来
link up with与……联合；使与……衔接
Cholera is an infectious disease caused by germs. People who 1._______ (infect）with this disease will suffer from severe diarrhoea，dehydration and even death. As a young doctor，John Snow felt a little 2.__________(frustrate)at first，but he was determined to defeat “ King Cholera” once and for all. There were then two contradictory theories to explain 3._____ cholera spread. Snow subscribed 4._____ the correct theory that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. But Snow needed proof and findings. It happened 5._______ cholera broke out in London in 1854，and Snow began to investigate. He discovered that there were multiple 6._______(die) in some households near the water pump in Broad Street. This showed there was a link between the cases of cholera 7.________ the water.
Read the Para 3 and find the complex sentences and useful phrases.
are infected
frustrated
how
to
that
deaths
and
Snow suspected that the water pump was 8._________ (blame)，so he had the handle of the water pump 9.________(remove). Thanks to Snow’s intervention，people began to drink pure water instead of raw water. Thus，there was a substantial decrease in the threat of cholera. Furthermore，in 10._____(he) use of maps and statistics，Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. His thinking and concept on disease were quite novel at that time. Therefore，Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.
Read the Para 3 and find the complex sentences and useful phrases.
to blame
removed
his
homework
1. Write a short passage in 80 words to introduce him/her and the reason why you admire him/her.
2. Think about what qualities a great scientist should have.
3. According to seven steps of scientific research, work in groups to make a presentation about how our country fight against the COVID-19.

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