资源简介

I often go to the market to watch the birds.我经常去市场观鸟。
go to spl.去某地
to watch the birds去观念，此处是动词不定式表示目的。
watch the birds- birdwatching 观鸟，名词- birdwatcher 观鸟者，名词
I like the birds at the market.我喜欢市场上的鸟。
the birds at the market市场上的鸟，此处是介词短语at the market作后置定语。
a long thin neck一个细长的脖子
a long thin neck=a long and thin neck一个细长的脖子，一个又细又长的脖子
brown and grey feathers棕灰色的羽毛
feather羽毛，可数名词
broad wings 宽大的翅膀
wing翅膀，可数名词
What’s your favorite bird 你最喜欢的鸟是什么？
your favorite bird你最喜欢的鸟
What’s your favorite bird =What bird do you like best ，即... favorite ... = ... like ... best
What do cranes look like 鹤长什么样子？
What do ... look like = What is ... like ...长什么样子？
例如：What does your school look like = What is your school like
How many types of cranes are there in the world 世界上有多少种鹤？
type种类，可数名词 = kind
different types of cranes不同种类的鹤 = different kinds of cranes
all types of cranes各种各样的鹤 = all kinds of cranes
There are only 15 types of cranes.They are rare birds.只有15种鹤。它们是珍稀鸟类。
rare稀有的，形容词
rare birds稀有的鸟
Zhalong Nature Reserve is in Heilongjiang Province in North-east China.扎龙自然保护区位于中国东北地区的黑龙江省。
in Heilongjiang Province在黑龙江省（注意在指特定省份的时候，province首字母要大写）
in North-east China在中国的东北地区（注意north-east首字母要大写）
north-east东北部，名词
It is one of the world’s most important wetlands.它是世界上最重要的湿地之一。
one of the world’s most important wetlands世界上最重要的湿地之一
one of...（省略号处填可数名词复数...之一 例如：one of the students学生之一
one of+形容词最高级+可数名词复数 例如：one of the best students最优秀的学生之一
形容词最高级前可以有以下限定词或修饰词，例如：
the most important wetlands最重要的湿地
the world’s most important wetlands世界上最重要的湿地=the most important wetlands in the world
the second longest river第二长的河
my best friend我最好的朋友
The area provides food and cover for a lot of wildlife.这个地区为许多野生动物提供食物和庇护所。
area区域，地区，可数名词；面积，不可数名词
作“面积”讲，例如：China has/covers an area of 9600000 square kilometers.
=China is 9600000 square kilometers in area/size.
=The area/size of China is 9600000 square kilometers.
provide提供，及物动词
provide food and cover for a lot of wildlife为野生动物提供食物和庇护所
provide sth for sb为某人提供某物=provide sb with sth
例如：provide everything for us=provide us with everything为我们提供一切
provide=offer=give提供，给予
注意区别：offer sb sth=offer sth to sb
give sb sth=give sth to sb
cover庇护所，不可数名词；封面，可数名词；覆盖，及物动词
作“庇护所”讲，例如：The wetland is rare birds’ cover.湿地是珍稀鸟类的庇护所。
作“封面”讲，例如：Write names on the covers of the books.在书的封面写上姓名。
作“覆盖”讲，例如：The heavy snow covers the ground.大雪覆盖了地面。
The shy boy covers his face with his hand.这个害羞的男孩用手遮住了他的脸。
wildlife野生动物，不可数名词=wild animals
It is a perfect place for some rare birds.它是一些珍稀鸟类的最佳生活地。
perfect极好的，完美的，形容词
a perfect place一个极好的地方
a perfect place for sth=a perfect place to do sth一个极好的做某事的地方
例如：a perfect place for shopping=a perfect place to go shopping
rare稀有的，形容词-rarely很少地，副词
He rarely passes an exam.他很少通过考试。
Many birds live in Zhalong all year round,while some go there only for a short stay.许多鸟一整年待在扎龙，而一些鸟只去那里短暂的停留。
all year round一整年=all year=the whole year
while然而，连词，引导一个完整的句子；当...的时候，连词，引导一个完整的句子
例如：I like studying,while（然而）my brother likes playing。我喜欢学习，而我的弟弟喜欢玩。
I watched wonderful opera shows while(=when) I stayed in China.当我待在中国期间，我观看了精彩的戏剧表演。
stay停留，逗留，名词；停留，不及物动词
for a short stay短暂的停留
go there for a short stay=stay there for a short time=stay there for a short while在那里短暂的停留
during my stay in China=when/while I stay in China当我在中国的时候
Most birds are active in the daytime,so you can easily watch them there.大多数鸟在白天的时候是活跃的，因此你可以很轻易地在那里观察它们。
most大多数的，形容词-mostly大多数地，副词
most birds大多数鸟=most of the birds
Most birds are active.=Most of the birds are active.=The birds are mostly active.
active活跃的，形容词-actively活跃地，副词-inactive不活跃的，形容词-inactively不活跃地，副词
take part in参加=join in
take an active part in积极参加=take part in actively
answer the teacher’s questions actively积极地回答老师的问题
easily容易地，轻易地，副词-easy容易的，形容词
Only 40 per cent of them live in Zhalong.只有百分之四十的鸟生活在扎龙。
per cent百分之...=percent
Some people want to make the wetlands smaller in order to have more space for farms and buildings.一些人想要让湿地变得更小来拥有更多的空间开垦农田和建造高楼。
make the wetlands smaller让湿地更小-make sth adj.-make me better让我更好
make the wetlands smaller=make the wetlands become smaller(make sth do)
in order to=to为了，表示目的
order次序，顺序，可数名词；命令，及物动词；订购，及物动词
作“次序”讲，例如：put the sentences in the right order把句子按照正确的顺序排列
作“命令”讲，例如：order me to finish homework on time命令我准时完成作业
作“订购”讲，例如：order some tickets订购了一些票
space空间，不可数名词=room空间，不可数名词
have more space有更多的空间
make space for为...腾出空间
This will lead to less and less space for wildlife.这回导致野生动物的空间会越来越少。
lead to导致（to是介词）
Too much homework leads to little sleep.太多的作业导致很少的睡眠。
Sleeping late leads to getting up late.睡得晚导致起床晚。
Moreover,fishermen keep fishing there.此外，渔民一直在那里捕鱼。
moreover此外，副词
fisherman渔民-fishermen复数形式
keep doing一直做某事
fish钓鱼，动词；鱼的条数，可数名词，单复同形，复数是fish；鱼的种类，可数名词，复数是fishes；鱼肉，不可数名词
As a result,the birds do not have enough food to eat.结果，鸟儿们没有足够的食物吃。
result结果，可数名词
The result of the exam is not so good.考试的结果不太好。
as a result因此，表示结果=so
Now the Chinese government has made laws to prevent all these things in Zhalong.现在中国的政府已经制定了法律来阻止扎龙里面发生的这些事情。
has made laws-have+动词的过去分词，现在完成时的基本形式，表示过去完成的事情对现在的影响
make laws制定法律
prevent阻止，及物动词
prevent sb (from) doing sth阻止某人做某事=stop sb (from) doing sth=keep sb from doing sth
例如：prevent hunters (from) hunting wildlife=stop hunters (from) hunting wildlife=keep hunters from hunting wildlife
Once a year,the members of our Birdwatching Society go to study the birds in Zhalong.观鸟协会的成员一年一次去扎龙研究鸟。
once一次，表示次数-one一，基数词-first第一，序数词，表示顺序
once a year一年一次=every year
study the birds研究鸟
the Birdwatching Society观鸟协会，是一个组织。
加入观鸟协会：join the Birdwatching Society
We record their types and changes in their numbers.我们记录它们的种类和数量上的变化。
record记录，动词-recorder录音机，记录员，可数名词
change变化，可数名词；变化，动词；找零，不可数名词
作“变化，名词”讲，例如：Great changes took place in Taizhou in the past few years.
作“变化，动词”讲，例如：change one’s mind/ideas改变某人的想法
作“找零，名词”讲，例如：Here is your change.
Every year,a lot of tourists go to Zhalong to watch the birds.每年，很多游客去扎龙观鸟。
tourist游客，可数名词=traveller=visitor
tourist-tour旅行，名词
We are now inviting them to help us.现在我们正在邀请他们来帮助我们。
invite邀请，及物动词-invitation邀请，名词
invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事
invite sb to spl.邀请某人去某地
an invitation letter一封邀请信
We need more people to count and describe the birds.我们需要更多的人来数鸟和描述鸟。
need sb to do sth需要某人做某事
count数，及物动词 例如：count the birds数鸟
describe描述，及物动词-description描述，不可数名词
describe the birds描述鸟
We hope this will help people understand the importance of the wetlands.我们希望这会帮助人们理解湿地的重要性。
this引导的句子放在hope后面作宾语，因此被叫做宾语从句。
understand理解，及物动词-understanding理解，名词
understand...better=get a better understanding of...更好地理解
importance重要性，名词-important重要的，形容词
the importance of......的重要性 例如：the importance of studying学习的重要性
Take a notebook with you in order to write down what you see.随身携带一个笔记本去写下你所看到的内容。
take带去
take...with...随身携带
in order to为了，表示目的=to
write down写下
write down what he says=write what he says down写下他说的话
write it down把它写下来
what you see你看到的内容
类似：what you say你说的话 what you hear你听到的内容
They should read about the birds first to learn more about them.他们应当先读一读鸟相关的内容去学习更多关于它们的内容。
read about...读关于...的内容
first首先，副词
learn about...学习，了解关于...的内容
Most people take a camera to take photos of the birds.大多数人带一个照相机去拍鸟儿的照片。
most people=most of the people大多数人
take photos of...=take pictures of...给...拍照，拍...的照片
take photos of oneself=take pictures of oneself自拍
We ask people not to catch birds for any reason.我们要求人们不要因为任何原因捕鸟。
ask sb to do sth要求某人做某事
ask sb not to do sth要求某人不做某事
catch birds捕鸟
for因为，介词
for any reason因为任何一个原因
the reason for......的原因
Mr Wu agreed to let me join their school trip.吴老师同意让我们加入他们的校游。
agree to do sth同意做某事
let sb do sth让某人做某事
join+机构，组织，团体
join their school trip加入他们的校游
Mr Wu asked us to wear a pair of comfortable shoes because we would have to walk a long way.吴老师要求我们要穿一双舒适的鞋因为我们将必须步行很长一段路。
a pair of comfortable shoes一双舒适的鞋
would do sth表示过去将来时，在过去描述将来将要发生的事情。
would have to说明have to可以有时态的变化
walk a long way步行很长一段路
He advised us not to shout in the wetlands.他建议我们不要在湿地大喊。
advise sb to do sth建议某人做某事
advise sb not to do sth建议某人不做某事
advise建议，动词
advice建议，不可数名词
a piece of advice一条建议
The cold weather made some birds fly south for the winter.寒冷的天气使得一些鸟儿飞往南方过冬。
weather天气，不可数名词
What bad weather!多糟糕的天气啊！
make sb do sth让某人做某事
fly south飞往南方=fly to the south
The trip helped us (to) learn more about wildlife.这次旅行帮助我们学习到更多关于野生动物的内容。
learn more about...学到更多关于...的内容
integrated skills语言点
be in Jiangsu Province in East China在中国东部的江苏省
east东部，名词-eastern东部的，形容词
in East China=in the east of China=in the eastern part of China
a perfect place to watch the birds一个观鸟的极好的地方
The reserve covers an area of over 4530 square kilometers.保护区覆盖面积超过4530平方公里。
=The reserve has an area of over 4530 square kilometers.
=The reserve is over 4530 square kilometers in area/size.
=The area of the reserve is over 4530 square kilometers.
square平方，名词；正方形，可数名词；广场，可数名词；正方形的，形容词
作“正方形”讲，例如：a square一个正方形
作“广场”讲，例如：the People’s Square人民广场
作“正方形的”讲，例如：a square kite一个正方形的风筝
Yancheng is the second largest home to red-crowned cranes in China.盐城是中国丹顶鹤第二大的故乡。
the second largest第二大
the home to......的故乡
red-crowned cranes丹顶鹤
fly to Yancheng Nature Reserve every year to spend the winter每年飞往盐城自然保护区过冬
fly to Yancheng Nature Reserve飞往盐城自然保护区
fly to spl飞往某地
fly飞，飞往，不及物动词；放飞，及物动词
作“放飞”讲，例如：fly a kite放风筝
spend the winter过冬，度过冬天
spend度过，及物动词；花，花费，及物动词
作“花，花费”讲，可以是花费时间，例如：I spend an hour watching birds.我花了一个小时观鸟。也可以是花费金钱，例如：I spend much money buying binoculars.我花了很多前买望远镜。
become one of the world’s most important wetlands成为世界上最重要的湿地之一
become成为，及物动词
People celebrate the World Wetlands Day on 2 February every year.人们每年都在2月2日庆祝世界湿地日。
celebrate庆祝，动词-celebration庆祝活动，可数名词
During the Spring Festival,people all over China have different celebrations.春节期间，中国各地的人们有不同的庆祝活动。
on 2 February在2月2日，在具体某一天用介词on
We should protect the wetlands not only because they are home to many plants,birds and animals,but also because they are important to the health of people all over the world.我们应该保护湿地不仅仅是因为它们是许多植物、鸟和动物的故乡，而且还因为它们对全世界人们的健康很重要。
protect保护，及物动词-protection保护，名词
not only...but also...=not only...but...连接主语时，要注意遵循就近原则。
Not only Mr Wu but also his students go to watch the birds.
Not only the students but also Mr Wu goes to watch the birds.
What should we take with us when we go birdwatching 当我们去观鸟的时候，我们应该随身携带什么？
take...with sb随身携带
with介词，其后接人称代词的宾格形式，不接反身代词。
go birdwatching-go doing去做某事，例如：go dancing去跳舞
We should take binoculars with us when we go birdwatching.
=We should take binoculars with us when going birdwatching.
上面第一个句子中，when是连词，引导一个完整的句子，叫做时间状语从句。而第二个句子中when是介词，后面接动名词going作宾语。只有当第一个句子中主句的主语和从句的主语一致时，才可以转变成第二个句子。
You’d better take a pair of binoculars.你最好带一副望远镜。
They’ll help you see the birds more clearly.它们会帮助你看鸟看得更加清楚。
see the birds more clearly看鸟看得更加清楚
clearly清楚地，副词-more clearly
What else should we take 我们还要带什么？
what else=what other things
What else should we take =What other things should we take
else其它地，副词
other其它的，形容词-other things其它的东西-other people其它人
Usually it takes hours to watch the birds.通常观鸟要花费数小时。
在上面这个句子中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式to watch the birds。因此，上面的句子还可写成：Usually to watch the birds takes hours.或者Usually watching the birds takes hours.
it takes time to do sth=to do sth takes time=doing sth takes time做某事花了多少时间
take花，花费（时间），及物动词；乘坐，及物动词
作“乘坐”讲，例如：take a bus乘坐公交车
You may get thirsty.你可能会口渴。
may可能，表示不太确定的推测
get thirsty口渴
get变得，系动词；到达，不及物动词；去取，及物动词
作“到达”讲，例如：get to the station到达车站
作“去取”讲，例如：get the book for me为我去取那本书
study skills语言点
Birds are singers.鸟儿们是歌唱家。
singer歌唱家，歌手，可数名词-sing唱歌，动词
They can make beautiful sounds.它们能够发出美妙的声音。
make beautiful sounds发出美妙的声音
make发出，及物动词；制作，及物动词；使得，及物动词
作“制作”讲，例如：make a square kite制作一个正方形的风筝
作“使得”讲，例如：make me feel happy让我觉得快乐
make me happy让我快乐
sound声音，可数名词；听起来，系动词
作“听起来”讲，例如：sound beautiful听起来很动听
Some actors can make different bird sounds.一些演员可以发出不同的鸟的声音。
actor男演员，可数名词-act表演，行动，不及物动词
作“表演，行为”讲，例如：act on the stage在舞台上表演
act to protect the birds行动起来保护鸟儿们
There are many visitors at bird shows too.有很多游客也看鸟展。
visitor游客，可数名词-visit参观，拜访，及物动词
作“参观，拜访”讲，例如：visit the Palace Museum参观故宫
visit old people’s home拜访敬老院
bird shows鸟展-flower shows画展-art shows艺术展等等
at bird shows在鸟展上
There are many visitors at bird shows.=Many visitors are at bird shows.=There are many visitors visiting bird shows.=Many visitors are visiting bird shows.
There be sb doing sth.=Sb be doing sth.某人正在做某事。
Some artists like to paint birds.一些画家喜欢画鸟。
art艺术，不可数名词-artist艺术家，画家，可数名词
paint画，动词；油漆，颜料，不可数名词-painting画作，可数名词-painter油漆匠，画家，可数名词
作“画”讲，例如：paint birds画鸟
作“油漆”讲，例如：There was paint everywhere.到处都是油漆。
作“画作”讲，例如：Chinese paintings中国画
作“画家”讲，例如：an excellent painter一个卓越的画家
The birds in their pictures are really beautiful.他们的画里面的鸟真的很漂亮。
the birds in their pictures他们的画里面的鸟
really真的，副词-real真的，形容词
Some writers like to include birds in their poems too.一些作家也喜欢把鸟写进他们的诗歌里面。
include包括，动词-including包括，介词
include...in...把...包括进...，把...写进...=write about...in...
Some writers like to include birds in their poems.=Some writers like to write about birds in their poems.=Some writers like to write about poems including birds.
poem诗歌，可数名词-poet诗人，可数名词-poetry诗集
Birds are part of our lives.鸟是我们生活的一部分。
part部分，名词
part of......的一部分
I would like to join the Birdwatching Society.我想要加入观鸟协会。
society协会，可数名词；社会，可数名词-societies（复数形式）
join加入（某个组织，团体或者协会），及物动词
First,let me introduce myself.首先，让我介绍一下我自己。
first首先，副词；第一，序数词（表示顺序）-one一，基数词
first=first of all
introduce介绍，及物动词-introduction介绍，名词
introduce sb/oneself介绍某人/某人自己
introduce A to B把A介绍给B
I am a Grade 8 student at Sunshine Middle School.我是阳光中学八年级的一名学生。
a Grade 8 student一个八年级的学生=a Year 8 student=a student in Grade 8=a student in Year 8=a student in the 8th year=a student in the 8th grade
at Sunshine Middle School在阳光中学
My favourite subject is Biology.我最喜欢的学科是生物。
my favorite subject我最喜欢的学科
类似：my favorite animal我最喜欢的动物
学科：Biology生物 History历史 Chemistry化学 Geography地理 Physics物理 Politics政治
I am very interested in learning about different kinds of plants,birds and animals.我对学习不同种类植物，鸟和动物的知识很感兴趣。
interested感兴趣的，形容词-interest兴趣，名词-interesting有趣的，形容词
be interested in对...感兴趣=feel interested in=show interest in=have interest in
Different people have different interests.不同的人有不同的兴趣。
It’s interesting to do sth.做某事是有趣的。=To do sth is interesting.=Doing sth is interesting.
It’s interesting for sb to do sth.对某人而言做某事是有趣的。=To do sth is interesting for sb.=Doing sth is interesting for sb.
It’s interesting for me to have outdoor activities.=To have outdoor activities is interesting for me.=Having outdoor activities is interesting for me.
plant植物，可数名词；种植，及物动词
作“种植”讲，例如：plant trees种树
I enjoy the natural world.我喜欢自然世界。
the natural world自然世界
natural自然的，形容词-nature大自然，名词
Wildlife is part of the nature.野生动物是大自然的一部分。
I would like to become a member of the Birdwatching Society and take part in activities.我想要成为观鸟协会的一员并且参加活动。
become成为，及物动词；变得，系动词
作“变得”讲，例如：I hope our country will become stronger and stronger.我希望我们的国家会变得越来越强大。
I think it is important for me to do something to protect them.我认为做一些事情来保护它们对我而言很重要。
I think it is important for me to do something to protect them.=I think that it is important for me to do something to protect them.
上面的句子中that引导的句子作动词think后的宾语，因此被叫做宾语从句。概括为think+that引导的句子。
think it adj. for sb to do something
如果用上面这个结构，I think it is important for me to do something to protect them.=I think it important for me to do something to protect them.
两个句子意思一样，但it所作的成分不同。在I think it is important for me to do
something to protect them.中从it到最后是从句，it在从句中作形式主语，真正的主语是to do something to protect them。可还原成I think to do something to protect them is important for me.而在I think it important for me to do something to protect them.中，it作think后面的形式宾语，真正的宾语是to do something to protect them。可还原成I think to do something to protect them is important for me.
因此，思考I think it was important for me to do something to protect them.是否=I think it important for me to do something to protect them. 答案是不等于，因为第一个句子的时态是一般过去时，而第二个句子应该体现的是一般现在时。
important重要的，形容词-importance重要性，不可数名词
例如：It is very important to study hard.=It is of great importance to study hard.
be very important=be of great importance
I can take part in activities from 2 p.m. to 5 p.m. on Sundays.我可以在每周日的下午两点到五点参加活动。
on Sundays在每一个星期天=every Sunday
I will be happy if I can become a member of the Birdwatching Society.如果我能够成为观鸟协会的一员，我会很高兴。
这个句子中if意思是“如果”，引导的是条件状语从句，那么另一个句子就是主句。这两个句子要遵循主将从先的原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。
You can call me on 010-55586390 or email me at Amy@.你可以打电话给我，电话号码是010-55586390或者给我发邮件，邮件地址是Amy@.
call sb给某人打电话=give sb a call
call sb on...打某个号码给某人
email sb给某人发邮件=give sb an email
email sb at...按照某个邮箱地址给某人发邮件
Yours sincerely.你的真诚的（字面）/谨启(信的结尾语)。

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