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2023届新高考英语综合训练（一）
英 语
（本试卷共8页。全卷满分150分。考试用时120分钟。）
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How does the woman feel about the man’s idea
A. Worried. B. Satisfied. C. Disappointed.
2. What does the man want to be
A. A reporter. B. A lawyer. C. A designer.
3. Where are probably the speakers
A. In the hotel. B. In the office. C. At the hairdresser's.
4. How much does the man charge the woman at first
A. $100. B. $1,050. C. $1,150.
5. Why does Steven refuse Mandy’s invitation
A. He has to prepare for a game.
B. He failed to win a contest.
C. He dislikes doing sports.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Which movie are the speakers going to see
A. Jaws. B. Saving Private Ryan. C. Jurassic Park.
7. How will the speakers go to the cinema
A. By car. B. By subway. C. By bus.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. Where are probably the speakers
A. At home. B. In the office. C. In a store.
9. Which key is the man looking for
A. His office key. B. His house key. C. His car key.
10. What will the man do next
A. Attend a meeting. B. Go to the kitchen. C. Search for his bag.
听第8段材料，回答第10至13题。
11. Which of the following is the man’s favorite chocolate
A. White chocolate. B. Milk chocolate. C. Dark chocolate.
12. Who brought cocoa powder to Europe
A. The Indian. B. The Mexican. C. The Spanish.
13. What does the woman think of chocolate
A. It’s quite tasty. B. It’s too bitter. C. It’s too sweet.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. What does the man want to do at first
A. Borrow something. B. Ask for advice. C. Make an invitation.
15. Why does the woman dress up today
A. To attend a wedding. B. To go to a party. C. To go on a date.
16. What does the man say about the woman’s clothing
A. It’s too formal. B. It’s a bit tight. C. It’s pretty.
17. What will the woman do in the end
A. Try other clothes. B. Date with the man. C. Start to lose weight.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. How do most people go to Glacier Bay National Park
A. By car. B. By ship. C. By plane.
19. What can visitors do if they stay locally at a hotel
A. Take a route from UnCruise.
B. Have a flightseeing trip.
C. Experience Alaska Adventure Sailing.
20. What do we know about Glacier Bay National Park
A. It’s part of the World Heritage Site.
B. It’s home to more than 200 species of butterflies.
C. It’s the world’s second largest internationally protected area.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题; 每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Sometimes it takes a work of art to give the inspiration for advances in science. For example, Elon Musk’s dream of humans living on other planets was first inspired by Isaac Asimov’s Foundation book series. Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos, a massive fan of the Star Trek television series, founded his very own space company Blue Origin. Let’s explore some of the technologies from science fiction that have been brought to life.
Remote control
Frank Herbert’s 1965 novel Dune features a small flying robot device that is piloted remotely, one of the earliest appearances of drones in science fiction. With the first permit for commercial drone use in the US given in 2006, drones became a reality, and can now be found taking on multiple roles in photography, farming and military.
From thin air
The television show Star Trek, first appearing on screens in 1966, inspired science. One of the most unexpected examples may be the 3D printer. In the program, a device can create any object desired within a matter of seconds. Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, US, developed a 3D printer in 2019 that shapes objects using rays of light. The device uses light to alter the density of resin（树脂）, changing the material from a liquid to a solid in order to shape the desired object.
Starting the heart
One of the first sci-fi novels, Frankenstein by Mary Shelley has had a huge impact on science. Earl Bakken, the inventor of the pacemaker（起搏器）, a device placed into the chest that helps the heart to pump blood using small electrical impulses, was inspired by the 1931 movie adaptation of the book. “What impressed me the most... was the creative spark of Dr Frankenstein’s electricity,” Bakken told the Atlantic. Defibrillators（除颤仪）, which restart the heart with an electrical current after a cardiac arrest（心脏停搏）, also resemble the electric shock that gave the monster life.
21．Whose work inspired science
A．Elon Musk’s. B．Jeff Bezos’. C．Frank Herbert’s. D．Earl Bakken’s.
22．Which of the following can create new things from “nowhere”
A．Drones. B．3D printer. C．Pacemakers. D．Defibrillators.
23．Which can be summarized from the passage
A．Science fiction thinks big. B．Technology flies out of our imagination
C．Imagination leads to advanced civilization. D．Scientific development relies on technology.
B
When the sun comes up over the castle of Rocca Calascio, a small mountain village high up in the Italian Apennines, it’s like a silent, magic wonderland. One such sunrise struck Franco Cagnoli with an inside calling that led him to go on a mission that affected both the village and him deeply.
Rocca Calascio has seen no resident since 1957. Depopulation of rural or mountain villages in Italy began in the early 20th century, accelerating（加速）after World War Two when people were attracted to urban jobs.
However, like many places, the area is enjoying a revival（复苏）and now home to some families. “To put it in romantic terms, there is a love story between me and the ancient building,” Cagnoli said as he showed visitors round the castle of Rocca Calascio. The castle, with foundations dating back about 1,000 years, is one of the highest in Europe. It was built as a tower in a line of connected structures to control and protect the land that stretched inland from the Adriatic Sea.
Cagnoli, now 39, first saw Rocca Calascio when he was 16. He was on a road trip to find himself. “I arrived here as the morning sun lit up the castle. I was blinded by the light and since that day something inside me has changed,” he said. “I thought it was the most beautiful place. I felt special energies, deciding to help its rebirth.” He’s now the castle’s caretaker and head of a cooperative whose members guide visitors.
“Besides temporary visitors, the complete revival has much to do with permanent residents. People of the previous generation didn’t appreciate the land they lived on,” Valeria Befani, a resident in the village, said. “Today’s teenagers, like my children, are proud of their land and are happy if they can stay here.”
24．What inspired Cagnolito help revive Rocca Calascio
A．His trip to find himself. B．The historical importance of the castle.
C．His love for ancient buildings. D．The impressive scene of the village.
25．How was Rocca Calascio affected by World War Two
A．Its buildings were damaged. B．It got left behind in economy.
C．Its population loss speeded up. D．It was known by more people.
26．Why was the castle built
A．To strengthen coastal defense. B．To reduce attack from waves.
C．To attract people to visit. D．To protect the connected structures.
27．What might Befani agree with
A．Views of different generations vary greatly.
B．The future of Rocca Calascio is full of promise.
C．Reviving Rocca Calascio has a long way to go.
D．Teenagers are not proud of their hometown.
C
ETH Zurich researchers led by Professor Marco Hutter have developed a new control approach that enables a legged robot, called ANYmal, to move quickly and steadily over difficult terrain（地形）.
Thanks to a new controller based on a neural network, the legged robot ANYmal, which was developed by ETH Zurich researchers and commercialized by the ETH spin-off ANYbotics, is now able to combine its visual perception of the environment with its sense of touch for the first time.
Before the robot could put its capabilities to the test in the real world, the scientists exposed the system to numerous obstacles and sources of error in a virtual training camp. This let the network learn the ideal way for the robot to overcome obstacles, as well as when it can rely on environmental data.
“With this training, the robot is able to master the most difficult natural terrain without having seen it before, ” says Hutter. This works even if the sensor data on the immediate environment is ambiguous or vague. ANYmal then plays it safe and relies on its proprioception（本体感觉）. According to Hutter, this allows the robot to combine the best of both worlds: the speed and efficiency of external sensing and the safety of proprioceptive sensing.
Whether after an earthquake, after a nuclear disaster, or during a forest fire, robots like ANYmal can be used primarily wherever it is too dangerous for humans to take action and where other robots cannot cope with the difficult terrain.
To navigate difficult terrain, humans and animals quite automatically combine the visual perception of their environment with the proprioception of their legs and hands. This allows them to easily handle slippery or soft ground and move around with confidence, even when visibility is low. However, until now, the legged robots have been able to do this only to a limited extent. Hopefully, the technological progress in the near future will enable them to play a greater role.
28．What is the passage mainly about
A．A new controller is based on a neural network
B．ETH Zurich researchers have developed a new robot.
C．A new controller enables a legged robot to handle tough terrain.
D．The legged robot is commercialized by the ETH spin-off ANYbotics.
29．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 4 refer to
A．The robot. B．The sensor data.
C．The immediate environment. D．The most difficult natural terrain.
30．How does paragraph 5 emphasize the advantages of this robot
A．By making comparisons. B．By introducing a concept.
C．By using a professor’s words. D．By referring to research.
31．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．The legged robot can be widely used.
B．Humans and animals are better than robots.
C．The legged robot remains to be further improved.
D．Humans and animals can easily handle slippery or soft ground.
D
In the film Inside Out, 11-year-old Riley’s emotions are personified as brightly colored internal figures that drive her behaviors. The same five emotions—anger, fear, disgust（憎恶）, sadness, and joy—appear in every other character’s head as well, functioning in much the same way in each individual. In Western cultures, this is the case, argues psychologist Batja Mesquita in Between Us. Emotions in such contexts, she writes, are considered “MINE,” or “Mental, INside the person, and Essentialist,” the latter defined in the book as always having the same properties.
This conception of emotion is not universal, however. Emotions elsewhere, she argues, are thought of as “OURS”—“OUtside the person, Relational, and Situated.” Using this distinction, Mesquita sets
about contrasting emotions in “the West,” where the individual is the top concern, with “the Rest,” where community is prioritized.
Mesquita describes amae as a central emotion in Japanese culture, where it builds interdependence by encouraging tolerance in parenting process. She describes hasham—which includes shame, embarrassment, and social respectability—as a fundamental emotion for Egyptian Bedouins （游牧人）. Such
observations provide a background for her to explore a range of issues, including childhood socialization, the nature of friendship, the role of language in shaping emotions, and cross-cultural communication in a globalized world.
Despite Mesquita’s emphasis on cross-cultural emotions, there is little discussion of whether
the MINE-OURS dichotomy（二分法）accurately explains global cultural variation. Other scholars have noted, for example, that hunter-gatherer societies at the same time emphasize both individual self-government and social cooperation. And in an apparent contradiction to her earlier arguments, Mesquita herself ultimately concludes that Westerners have OURS emotions.
Taken as a whole, however, the book contributes much to the discussion of the origins of emotions, presenting a remarkable collection of cross-cultural studies intermixed with personal stories about foreign residents’ struggles to reunite diverse emotional and social worlds. In chapter 8, for example,
Mesquita describes an incident where she—a Dutch native living in the United States—bumped
into the famous American psychologist Hazel Markus at a conference Markus helped organize.
Wishing to express understanding of Markus’s workload, Mesquita declared “You look a little tired.” The remark appeared to make Markus nervous and confused but was intended as an expression of sympathy—to sympathize in Dutch is to acknowledge suffering, not offer comfort as in the US.
The book’s take-home message is fundamental: There are no natural emotions, no inborn emotions, no universal emotions. Mesquita argues that emotions are “meaning making” and “a preparation for action” and that the idea of “emotions as inner states” is a Western construct. Instead, she suggests that emotions are a “dance” cocreated between people who live in a specific cultural context at a particular historical moment.
32．In Between Us, Mesquita indicates that ______.
A．the Japanese build kids’ emotion of shame in parenting
B．MINE-OURS dichotomy is the very cause of cross-cultural emotions
C．emotions outside “the West” are considered community-centred
D．hunter-gatherers have both emotions of “OURS” and “MINE”
33．We can infer from the incident in paragraph 5 that ______.
A．the emotion of sympathy is to offer help in Dutch culture
B．foreign residents from different cultures usually unite as one
C．as Dutch Mesquita shows her personality of warmth and caring
D．cross-cultural emotional exchanges probably cause misunderstanding
34．What is Mesquita’s main argument about emotions in her book
A．Family education hardly influences one’s emotions.
B．Sociocultural contexts largely contribute to emotions.
C．Western people’s emotions have no properties of OURS.
D．Internal factors play a vital role in shaping how we feel.
35．Which of the following is the best title of the passage
A．The cultural landscape of emotions B．The cultural origin of emotions
C．The cultural convention of emotions D．The cultural shock of emotions
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Learning geography can be challenging. ____36____Memorizing names of places can seem boring and difficult. However, mastering geography can give you a sense of achievement and help you know much more about the world you live in.
____37____The approach you take will be determined by your learning goals. If you want to just know more about your world, the requirements are relatively low. If you are planning to take a backpacking trip across many countries and need to know your way around, or if you need to prepare before the final exam, the requirements may be higher.
Study maps. To learn geography, you need access to maps. Many maps are available online, but you can also use printed maps. Maps contain a wealth of information. However, it comes in changing levels of detail.____38____
Examine culture and people. Getting to know the name of a place on a map is somewhat objective, and memorizing just the names of countries may seem somewhat useless to you if you don’t connect them to the people there.____39____Getting to know the character of a place by learning about the culture and the people can make your study of geography come to life.
Use apps and software. There are many apps and software or online program options for learning geography.____40____Technology opens up the world to you, and if you seize the opportunities afforded by various technologies, you can learn about the geography and culture of many different places in the world at once!
A．Set your learning goals.
B．Geography involves many different areas.
C．Remembering all the names of places isn’t easy.
D．Geography reflects the history of a place as well.
E．You can find a list of free geography programs here.
F．Every place consists of people with a unique culture.
G．Ensure to select maps providing what you wish to learn.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My 7-year-old daughter always has her nose in a book. She even continued reading in the car on the long drive to summer camp, where she lost the book. This is the first lost ___41___book in my life. In my childhood, my family had always been expected to be ___42___, but we were poor, and I didn’t own books. I had to borrow books. My library books lived on a ___43___shelf while they were mine, and it ___44___me when I had to return them to the library on the due day.
However, my daughter has more books now than I owned during my whole childhood. So it’s probably my ___45___that she didn’t cherish the books. “Sorry. I can’t find it.” My daughter said with a shrug, “We just pay $ 20 for the book. What’s the big ___46___ ” The missing library book just met with a cold ___47___from her, but it met with nail-biting ___48___from me. I walked into the library in a deep ___49___as if I had lost the book.
Feeling the need to make her feel responsible for the book, I asked her to do the chores. She agreed to clean up all the pets’ houses ___50___my paying the library book. I’d meant the chore to be ___51___!
Surprisingly, she was enjoying herself. I took a picture of her lovely back. So, was I winning or losing at ___52___ Did I teach her the ___53___of keeping a library book if the picture I took shows she is working ___54___
To my ___55___, my little girl knew what matters in her life. She could devote herself to the chores as much as books.
41．A．school B．reference C．story D．library
42．A．powerful B．practical C．academic D．employed
43．A．wasted B．dusty C．present D．specific
44．A．pained B．accompanied C．abandoned D．lost
45．A．work B．reason C．fault D．duty
46．A．worry B．question C．case D．deal
47．A．shoulder B．power C．refusal D．excuse
48．A．impression B．effort C．effect D．concern
49．A．respect B．thought C．shame D．shock
50．A．in need of B．in trade for C．in terms of D．in favor of
51．A．punishment B．recovery C．encouragement D．promise
52．A．studying B．parenting C．arguing D．fighting
53．A．benefit B．method C．commitment D．demand
54．A．seriously B．unwillingly C．professionally D．constantly
55．A．disappointment B．relief C．regret D．sorrow
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Christopher Edward Nolan is a British-American film director, producer and screenwriter known ____56____ making personal, distinctive films within the Hollywood mainstream.
____57____（raise）in London, Nolan developed an interest in filmmaking from a young age. He studied English literature at University College London, gained his screenwriting skills, ____58____ made his first film Following. It was his second work, Memento, a low-cost suspense film made in 2000 with his brother Jonathan Nolan, ____59____ helped him gain international ____60____（recognize）. He then changed his career direction from making independent films, for which he was nominated（提名）for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay, to ____61____（cooperate）with professional studios. Masterpieces like Dark Knight Trilogy (2005), Inception (2010), Interstellar (2014) and Tenet (2020), all of____62____ enjoy great popularity around the globe, ____63____（receive）more than 10 Oscar nominations in the past 20 years.
Nolan’s films are ____64____（type）rooted in profound themes, exploring human morality, the construction of time, and personal identity. Time named him one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2015, and in 2019, he_____65_____（appoint）Commander of the Order of the British Empire for his services to film.
第四部分 写作（共两节；满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
66、北京时间12月4日晚，随着一顶巨型降落伞打开，神舟十四号飞船返回舱缓缓降落于我国东风着陆场，护送陈冬、刘洋、蔡旭哲3名航天员平安回到地球家园。为使学生了解更多的航天知识，你校决定举行一次关于航天科学的讲座。假设你是国际学校的学生会主席李华，请用英语写一则书面通知，内容包括：1.讲座的时间、地点; 2.讲座的目的及内容;
注意：1.词数80左右; 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：飞船spacecraft 发射launch 航天科学 Space Science
Notice
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第二节（满分25分）
67、阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Cathy, my mom, whose pet phrase（口头禅）was “Never give up”, was our family’s beacon of positivity. It was not a title she earmed without concerted（一致的）effort, however. When she was only thirty years old, her husband was killed in a car accident and she was left to raise me alone.
My mom could have lived under a black cloud. Instead, she challenged herself to find joy every day. Leading by example, Mom taught me just how much one could accomplish with a positive attitude. She has taken the same approach in her relationship with her grandchildren-Max and Charley.
One hot summer afternoon, my mom and her two grandsons, having spent two hours building sand castles and collecting sea shells on the beach, sank into their beach chairs to have a rest. How they longed for delicious ice cream to cool themselves, especially the two kids!
Suddenly, my mom heard the familiar loud clang（叮当声）of the ice-cream man’s bell from her beach chair. She turned quickly and saw him briefly, spotting his distinctive green shirt and catching the gleam of his waving bell before he turned and disappeared over the dunes（沙丘）.
Happily, the ice-cream man’s visit was a daily occurrence at the beach, although the lag time between the sound of his bell and the departure of his truck was not long. One must be quick enough to catch him to buy the ice cream.
Max and Charley were in great disappointment when they didn’t catch him in time that day because they really wanted to have a taste of those cool ice-creams. That was until my mom’s eyes sparkled and she said to the kids, “Never give up!” She explained to the kids that the truck might be gone, but they should be able to catch him up at its next stop. And the kids agreed immediately.
注意：续写词数应为150左右；
So Max and Charley, accompanied by my mom, began their mission.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Max and Charley, encouraged by my mom, ran another three blocks.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2023届新高考英语综合训练（一）参考答案
1—5 BACCB 6—10 CAACB 11—15 BCAAC 16—20 CABBA
21．C 22．B 23．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章讲述了三个灵感来自于科幻作品的技术发明。
21．细节理解题。根据“Remote control(远程控制)”下文的详细介绍“Frank Herbert’s 1965 novel Dune features a small flying robot device that is piloted remotely, one of the earliest appearances of drones in science fiction. With the first permit for commercial drone use in the US given in 2006, drones became a reality, and can now be found taking on multiple roles in photography, farming and military.(Frank Herbert 1965年的小说《沙丘》讲述了一个可以远程操控的小型飞行机器人装置，这是科幻小说中最早出现无人机的例子之一。随着2006年美国第一个商用无人机使用许可证的发放，无人机成为现实，现在可以在摄影、农业和军事中承担起多种作用。)”可知Frank Herbert的作品给科学带来了灵感。故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据“From thin air”以及下文的详细介绍“The television show Star Trek, first appearing on screens in 1966, inspired science. One of the most unexpected examples may be the 3D printer. In the program, a device can create any object desired within a matter of seconds. Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, US, developed a 3D printer in 2019 that shapes objects using rays of light.(1966年首次在荧屏上播出的电视节目《星际迷航》启迪了科学，其中让人最意想不到的一个例子也许是3D打印机。在这个节目中，有一种设备可以在几秒钟内创造任何想要的物体。2019年，美国加州大学伯克利分校的研究人员开发了一种利用光线塑造物体形状的3D打印机。)”可知在《星际迷航》有一种设备可以在几秒钟内创造任何想要的物体，而3D打印机就是以此为灵感开发的可以用光线塑造物体形状的打印机，所以说3D打印机可以“无中生有，凭空（From thin air）”地创造新的东西。故选B。
23．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段的最后一句“Let’s explore some of the technologies from science fiction that have been brought to life.(让我们来探究一下一些由科幻小说变为现实的技术。)”以及下文三项技术灵感来源的详细阐述，可知文章主要介绍了灵感来自科幻作品的一些发明，选项B“Technology flies out of our imagination(技术来自我们的想象)”可以概括全文，故选B。
24．D 25．C 26．A 27．B
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Franco Cagnoli看到太阳从罗卡卡拉西奥的城堡升起时深受震撼，于是决定并着手帮助复兴这个意大利小山村。
24．推理判断题。结合文章第一段内容“When the sun comes up over the castle of Rocca Calascio, a small mountain village high up in the Italian Apennines, it’s like a silent, magic wonderland. One such sunrise struck Franco Cagnoli with a spiritual calling that led him to go on a mission that affected both the village and him deeply.(当太阳从意大利亚平宁山脉高处的小山村罗卡·卡拉西奥城堡上空升起时，这里就像一个寂静而神奇的仙境。一次这样的日出给了弗兰科·卡格诺利一种精神上的召唤，促使他去执行一项对村庄和他自己都产生了深刻影响的使命。)”和倒数第二段中Franco Cagnoli的话““I arrived here as the morning sun lit up the castle. I was blinded by the light and since that day something inside me has changed,” he said. “I thought it was the most beautiful place. I felt special energies, deciding to help its rebirth.”(“我到达这里时，早晨的阳光照亮了城堡。从那天起，我的内心发生了变化。”他说，“我认为这是最美丽的地方。我感受到了特殊的能量，决定帮助它重生。”)” 可知，第一段中的“a mission that affected both the village and him deeply（这个使命深深地影响了村子和他自己）”指帮助复兴罗卡卡拉西奥。因此太阳从罗卡卡拉西奥的城堡升起的壮观一幕激励他去帮助复兴该村庄。故选D。
25．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Depopulation of rural or mountain villages in Italy began with the resettlement of villagers in the early 20th century, accelerating after World War Two when people were attracted to urban jobs.(20世纪初，随着村民的重新安置，意大利农村或山村的人口减少开始了。二战后，人们被吸引到城市工作，这一现象加速。)”可知，20世纪，早期意大利的乡村和山村人口剧减，第二次世界大战后，许多人离开了农村地区前往城市，人口减少加剧。故选C。
26．细节理解题。根据第三段的“It was built as a tower in a line of connected structures to control and protect the land that stretched inland from the Adriatic Sea.(它是作为一排连接的建筑中的一座塔，用来控制和保护从亚得里亚海延伸到内陆的土地。)”可知，这座城堡是一排相连的建筑中的一个塔，其目的是控制和保护从亚得里亚海延伸到内陆的土地。故选A。
27．推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容““Besides temporary visitors, the complete revival has much to do with permanent residents. People of the previous generation didn’t appreciate the land they lived on,” Valeria Befani, a resident in the village, said. “Today’s teenagers, like my children, are proud of their land and are happy if they can stay here.”(“除了临时游客，完全的复兴与永久居民有很大关系。上一代人并不珍惜他们赖以生存的土地，”村里的居民瓦莱里娅·贝法尼(Valeria Befani)说。“今天的青少年和我的孩子一样，为自己的土地感到骄傲，如果能留在这里，他们也很高兴。”)”可知，Befani认为，罗卡卡拉西奥的彻底复兴与长期居住的居民有很大联系，如今的青少年为罗卡卡拉西奥感到骄傲，如果他们能留在这里，他们会很高兴。由此可知，罗卡卡拉西奥有了真正热爱它的居民，它的未来充满希望。故选B。
28．C 29．D 30．A 31．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍苏黎世联邦理工学院的研究人员开发了一种新的控制方法，使足式机器人能够在复杂多变的地形上快速稳定地移动。
28．主旨大意题。根据第一段“ETH Zurich researchers led by Professor Marco Hutter have developed a new control approach that enables a legged robot, called ANYmal, to move quickly and steadily over difficult terrain(地形).(由Marco Hutter教授领导的苏黎世联邦理工学院的研究人员开发了一种新的控制方法，使一个名为ANYmal的腿部机器人能够在困难的地形上快速稳定地移动。)”开门见山，直接点出了主题：一种新的控制方法使足式机器人能够应对恶劣的地形条件。文章接下来的内容也是围绕这个主题所展开的详细描述。故选C项。
29．词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句 ““With this training, the robot is able to master the most difficult natural terrain without having seen it before, ” says Hutter.(“通过这种训练，机器人能够在以前从未见过的情况下掌握最困难的自然地形，”Hutter说。)”可知，代词it指的就是前面出现的the most difficult natural terrain。故选D项。
30．推理判断题。根据第五段“Whether after an earthquake, after a nuclear disaster, or during a forest fire, robots like ANYmal can be used primarily wherever it is too dangerous for humans to take action and where other robots cannot cope with the difficult terrain.(无论是在地震、核灾难还是森林火灾之后，像ANYmal这样的机器人都可以主要用于人类无法采取行动的危险地带，以及其他机器人无法应对复杂地形的地方。)”由此可知，文章是通过对比的方式，突出了这种机器人的优势。故选A项。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“However, until now, the legged robots have been able to do this only to a limited extent. Hopefully, the technological progress in the near future will enable them to play a greater role. (然而，到目前为止，足式机器人只能在有限的程度上做到这一点。希望在不久的将来，技术的进步将使它们发挥更大的作用。)”由此推断，这款机器人有待进一步改进。故选C项。
32．C 33．D 34．B 35．B
【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章通过对书籍“In Between Us”中关于情感的描述，介绍了作者——心理学家Mesquita对于情感的概念和产生原因的理解，体现了社会文化背景对情感的影响。
32．细节理解题。根据第二段“Using this distinction, Mesquita sets about contrasting emotions in “the West,” where the individual is the top concern, with “the Rest,” where community is prioritized.”（利用这一区别，Mesquita开始对比“西方”和“其他国家”的情感，“西方”的个人是最受关注的，“其他国家”的社区是优先考虑的。）可知，Mesquita表明了在“西方”之外的情感被认为是以社区为中心的。故选C。
33．推理判断题。根据第五段“Wishing to express understanding of Markus’s workload, Mesquita declared “You look a little tired.” The remark appeared to make Markus nervous and confused but was intended as an expression of sympathy--to sympathize in Dutch is to acknowledge suffering, not offer comfort as in the US.”（为了表达对Markus工作量的理解，Mesquita说:“你看起来有点累。”这句话似乎让Markus感到紧张和困惑，但这是一种同情的表达——在荷兰，同情是承认痛苦，而不是像在美国那样提供安慰。）可知，Mesquita的话引起了Markus的误解，说明跨文化的情感交流可能会造成彼此之间的误解。故选D。
34．推理判断题。根据最后一段“ she suggests that emotions are a “dance” cocreated between people who live in a specific cultural context at a particular historical moment.”（她认为，情感是生活在特定文化背景下、特定历史时刻的人们共同创造的“舞蹈”。）可知，Mesquita在书中的主要观点是社会文化背景在很大程度上导致了情感的产生。故选B。
35．主旨大意题。根据第五段“Taken as a whole, however, the book contributes much to the discussion of the origins of emotions,”（然而，从整体上看，这本书对情感起源的讨论做出了很大贡献）和最后一段“ she suggests that emotions are a “dance” cocreated between people who live in a specific cultural context at a particular historical moment.”（她认为，情感是生活在特定文化背景下、特定历史时刻的人们共同创造的“舞蹈”。）并结合全文内容可知，文章主要是通过Mesquita在她的书中的观点讨论了情感的文化起源。故选B。
36．B 37．A 38．G 39．F 40．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学习地理是一件有挑战的事，但是把地理学好是很有用的，不仅给你成就感，也让你更好了解你所生活的世界。文章介绍几种方法来更好地学习和了解地理。
36．根据前文“Learning geography can be challenging.(学习地理很有挑战性。)”以及后文“Memorizing names of places can seem boring and difficult.(记住地名似乎既枯燥又困难。)”可知，选项内容应与前后文内容是顺承关系，都在说明学习地理不容易，选B“Geography involves many different areas.(地理涉及许多不同的领域。)”符合语意。故选B项。
37．根据后文“The approach you take will be determined by your learning goals. If you want to just know more about your world, the requirements are relatively low. If you are planning to take a backpacking trip across many countries and need to know your way around, or if you need to prepare before the final exam, the requirements may be higher.(你采取的方法将由你的学习目标决定。如果只是想多了解自己的世界，要求相对较低。如果你打算进行一次跨越多个国家的背包旅行，需要熟悉周围的路，或者需要在期末考试前准备，要求可能会更高。)”可知，本段讲述的是设立的目标会影响你所采取来学习地理的方法。目标简单，要求就简单，目标高，要求也高。故选项A“Set your learning goals.(设定你的学习目标。)”符合语意。故选A项。
38．根据前文“Many maps are available online, but you can also use printed maps. Maps contain a wealth of information. However, it comes in changing levels of detail.(许多地图都可以在网上找到，但是你也可以使用印刷地图。地图包含大量信息。然而，它的细节层次在不断变化。)”可知，本段告知你如何选择地图，因为地图众多，包含的信息量也大，不同地图细节的把握也不一，所以你要根据你想要了解的来选择地图。故选项G“Ensure to select maps providing what you wish to learn.(确保选择能提供你想要了解的信息的地图。)”符合语意。故选G项。
39．根据前文“Getting to know the name of a place on a map is somewhat objective, and memorizing just the names of countries may seem somewhat useless to you if you don’t connect them to the people there.(在地图上了解一个地方的名字是比较客观的，如果你不把国家和那里的人联系起来，仅仅记住国家的名字对你来说似乎没有什么用处。)”以及后文“Getting to know the character of a place by learning about the culture and the people can make your study of geography come to life.(通过了解一个地方的文化和人们来了解这个地方的特点，可以使你的地理学习变得生动。)”可知，了解一个地方的文化和人对地理学习很重要，也有很大帮助，因为不同地方的人和文化是不尽相同的。故选项F“Every place consists of people with a unique culture.(每个地方都由具有独特文化的人组成。)”与前后文之间是顺承关系，符合语意。故选F项。
40．根据前文“Use apps and software. There are many apps and software or online program options for learning geography.(使用应用程序和软件。有许多应用程序、软件或在线项目可供选择。)”以及后文“Technology opens up the world to you, and if you seize the opportunities afforded by various technologies, you can learn about the geography and culture of many different places in the world at once!(技术为你打开了世界，如果你抓住了各种技术所提供的机会，你可以一下子了解世界上许多不同地方的地理和文化！)”可知，有很多的应用程序和软件供你选择，你能找到许多帮助你学习地理的课程，它们将整个世界展现在你面前，让你更好地了解整个世界。因此，此处选项表达内容应与选择应用软件来学习地理相关。选项E“You can find a list of free geography programs here.(你可以在这里找到一系列的免费地理课程。)”符合语意。故选E项。
41．D 42．C 43．D 44．A 45．C 46．D 47．A 48．D 49．C 50．B 51．A 52．B
53．C 54．A 55．B
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议的记叙文。讲述了作者想起自己小时候买不起书，对图书馆借来的书的珍惜和渴望，而自己的女儿却不在意丢失了图书馆的书。作者通过让女儿做家务的方式惩罚女儿丢书，并希望可以教会她懂得责任和承诺的重要性。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是我一生中遗失的第一本书。A. school学校；B. reference参考；C. story故事；D. library图书馆。由上文“ where she lost the book.”可知，女儿借来的书丢了，也算是作者人生中第一次丢书。故选D。
42．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我的童年时代，我的家人总是被期望学习，但是我们很穷，我没有自己的书。A.powerful强大的；B. practical实际的；C. academic学术的；D. employed被雇佣的。根据后文“but we were poor, and I didn’t own books (但我们很穷，我没有书)”but表示转折，可知，作者的家人总是被期望学习。故选C。
43．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我从图书馆借来的书，在属于我的时候，都放在特定的书架上，当我不得不在到期的那一天把书还给图书馆时，我感到很痛苦。A.wasted浪费的；B. dusty有灰尘的；C. present目前的；D. specific特定的。根据本句“My library books (我从图书馆借来的书)”以及“while they were mine (在属于我的时候)”可知，此处特指作者的书放在特定的架子上。故选D。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. pained刺痛；B. accompanied陪伴；C. abandoned抛弃；D. lost丢失。根据上句“My library books lived on a 　　3　　shelf while they were mine,(我从图书馆借来的书，在属于我的时候，都放在特定的书架上)”可知，作者非常喜欢书，因此每次归还书的时候都会让作者感觉痛苦。故选A。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她不珍惜书籍可能是我的错。A.work工作；B. reason理由；C. fault错误；D. duty义务。根据上句“However, my daughter has more books now than I owned during my whole childhood(然而，我女儿现在拥有的书比我整个童年拥有的书还多)”可知，女儿拥有很多的书却不知道珍惜，作者认为是自己的过错。故选C。
46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这有什么大不了的？A. worry担心；B. question问题；C. case情况；D. deal交易。根据上句“We just pay $ 20 for the book. (我们只花了20美元买这本书)”可知，作者的女儿认为这没有什么大不了的。固定句式：What’s the big deal “有什么大不了？”故选D。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她对图书馆丢失的那本书不理不睬，但我却对此忧心忡忡。A. shoulder肩膀；B. power力量；C. refusal拒绝；D. excuse借口。根据上文““Sorry. I can’t find it.” My daughter said with a shrug (对不起。我找不到它了。女儿耸耸肩说)”可知，女儿找不到书只是耸了耸肩，故此空对应上文女儿的反应，故选A。
48．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. impression印象；B. effort努力；C. effect影响；D. concern关心。根据后句“I walked into the library in a deep 　　9　　as if I had lost the book.( 我带着深深的羞愧走进图书馆，好像我把书丢了)”可知，图书馆丢失的那本书遭到了女儿的冷漠对待，但却引起了作者的极大关注。对于女儿丢书的不在意，作者却非常关心，故选D。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我带着深深的羞愧走进图书馆，好像我把书丢了。A. respect尊重；B. thought想法；C. shame羞耻；D. shock震惊。根据后句“as if I had lost the book(好像我把书丢了)”可知，作者非常在意图书馆丢失的书，因此带着仿佛是自己丢失了书的深深的羞愧感走进图书馆，故选C。
50．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：她同意把所有宠物的房子都打扫干净，以作为我付图书馆书钱的交换。A.in need of需要；B. in trade for以……换得；Cin terms of依据；D. in favor of支持。根据上句“Feeling the need to make her feel responsible for the book (觉得有必要让她觉得自己对这本书有责任)”以及本句“my paying the library book (作为我付图书馆书钱的交换)”可知，作者让女儿把所有宠物的房子都打扫干净，以作为付图书馆书钱的交换。故选B。
51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我以为做家务是一种惩罚！A.punishment惩罚；B. recovery恢复；C. encouragement鼓励；D. promise承诺。根据上文“Feeling the need to make her feel responsible for the book (觉得有必要让她觉得自己对这本书有责任)”可知，作者是将做家务作为女儿的惩罚。故选A。
52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那么，我在养育孩子这件事上到底是赢还是输呢 ？A. studying学习；B. parenting父母对子女的养育；C. arguing争执；D. fighting打架。根据上文“She agreed to clean up all the pets’ houses 　　10　　my paying the library book. (她同意把所有宠物的房子都打扫干净，以作为我付图书馆书钱的交换)”以及上文“Surprisingly, she was enjoying herself.(令人惊讶的是，她做家务很开心)”可知，作者本想惩罚女儿做家务，结果发现女儿还很喜欢做家务。因此作者反问自己在育儿上到底是赢了还是输了。故选B。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我拍的照片显示她在认真地工作，我教会了她承担义务，保存图书馆书籍了吗？A. benefit 利益；B. method方法；C. commitment承诺；承担义务；D. demand要求。根据上文“Feeling the need to make her feel responsible for the book (觉得有必要让她觉得自己对这本书有责任)”可知，作者想要教会女儿承担责任义务。故选C。
54．考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A.seriously认真地；B. unwillingly不愿意地；C. professionally专业地；D. constantly持续地。由上文“Surprisingly, she was enjoying herself.(令人惊讶的是，她做家务很开心)”可知女儿喜欢做家务，做得很认真。故选A。
55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：让我欣慰的是，我的小女儿知道什么是她生命中最重要的。A. disappointment失望；B. relief 安慰；C. regret后悔；D. sorrow悲伤。根据下文“my little girl knew what matters in her life. (我的小女儿知道什么是她生命中最重要的)”可知，女儿已经认识到生活中重要的事情，很让作者安慰。故选B。
56．for 57．Raised 58．and 59．that 60．recognition 61．cooperating 62．which
63．have received 64．typically 65．was appointed
【分析】本文是一篇人物传记。文章介绍了Christopher Edward Nolan，一位英美电影导演、制片人和编剧。介绍了他的学习经历和代表作以及获得的荣誉，他以在好莱坞主流电影中制作个性鲜明的电影而闻名。
56．考查介词。句意：Christopher Edward Nolan是一位英美电影导演、制片人和编剧，以在好莱坞主流电影中制作个性鲜明的电影而闻名。考查固定搭配be known for表示因…而出名。故填for。
57．考查非谓语动词。句意：在伦敦长大，Nolan从小就对电影制作产生了兴趣。放在句首作状语，和主语Nolan之间是逻辑被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填Raised。
58．考查连词。句意：他在伦敦大学学院（University College London）学习英国文学，获得了编剧技能，并拍摄了他的第一部电影。本句话有三个谓语动词：studied, gained和made，需要在最后一个动词前加表示并列的连词and。故填and。
59．考查强调句式。句意：这是他的第二部作品《Memento》，这是一部2000年与他的兄弟乔纳森·诺兰合作拍摄的低成本悬疑电影，帮助他获得了国际认可。分析可知，去掉空处和it was句子依然完整，故本句考查强调：it be +强调部分+ that，强调的是主语 “his second work”。故填that。
60．考查名词。句意：这是他的第二部作品《Memento》，这是一部2000年与他的兄弟乔纳森·诺兰合作拍摄的低成本悬疑电影，帮助他获得了国际认可。形容词 international后应该用名词recognition作gain的宾语。故填recognition。
61．考查非谓语动词。句意：随后，他改变了自己的职业方向，从拍摄独立电影，并因此获得奥斯卡最佳原创剧本奖提名，转向与专业制片厂合作。此处to为介词，和前面的from搭配，from…to…，意为：从……到……，其后用动名词作宾语。故填cooperating。
62．考查非限定性定语从句。句意：《黑暗骑士三部曲》（2005年）、《盗梦空间》（2010年）、《星际》（2014年）和《特尼特》（2020年）等名著在全球广受欢迎，在过去20年中获得了10多项奥斯卡提名。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词Masterpieces like Dark Knight Trilogy (2005), Inception (2010), Interstellar (2014) and Tenet (2020)，在从句中作介词of的宾语，用which引导符合题意。故填which。
63．考查时态。句意：《黑暗骑士三部曲》（2005年）、《盗梦空间》（2010年）、《星际》（2014年）和《特尼特》（2020年）等名著在全球广受欢迎，在过去20年中获得了10多项奥斯卡提名。根据时间状语in the past 20 years可知句子时态是现在完成时，主语materpieces是复数。故填have received。
64．考查副词。句意：Nolan的电影通常植根于深刻的主题，探索人类道德、时间建构和个人身份。空格处修饰动词rooted，应该填副词形式。故填typically。
65．考查时态和被动语态。句意：2019年，他被任命为大英帝国教团司令，以表彰他在电影方面的贡献。短语appoint sb (as) sth表示把某个职务委任给某人，因此appoint和主语he应为被动关系，且时间发生在2019年，故为一般过去时的被动语态。故填was appointed。
66． Notice
In order to let students learn more about Space Science, a lecture about it will be held in the school hall at 2 o’clock this Friday afternoon and will last two hours.
The lecture mainly involves 2 parts, the first of which is a brief introduction of our recent launch. The second part will be given by the same experts and will be about the scientific benefits of space flight. It will be given in such a way that you will understand it. So you will learn a lot from the lecture and have a better understanding of space.
Everyone who is interested in the lecture is welcome.
The Students’ Union
【详解】1.词汇积累
简洁的：concise →brief讲座：talk→ lecture益处：advantage →benefit持续：continue→ last
2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句
原句：The second part will be given by the same experts and will be about the scientific benefits of space flight.
拓展句：The second part will be given by the same experts which is about the scientific benefits of space flight.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The lecture mainly involves 2 parts, the first of which is a brief introduction of our recent launch.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Everyone who is interested in the lecture is welcome.（运用了who引导的定语从句）
67．参考范文：
So Max and Charley, accompanied by my mom, began their mission. Max tried his best to lead this running team. Again, they heard a slight clang of the ice-cream man’s bell! “Be quick, Charley! The ice-cream might be over there!” Max yelled happily. Unfortunately, as they kept running, the sound gradually disappeared. So exhausted as they were, the two grandsons stopped, wiping the sweat from their faces. “Dear, never give up! Maybe the man who heard our yell is waiting for us at the square!”, my mom kept running.
Max and Charley, encouraged by my mom, ran another three blocks. Just as my mom had predicted, the truck was parked at the square, where several kids were queueing for ice-cream. When it was in their turn, Max said loudly, “Three ice-cream Sir!” Later, they sat down under the shade of a tree. Scoop by scoop, they enjoyed the most delicious ice-cream in the world. Also, it was from this experience that Max and Charley were taught the lesson of persisting and never giving up.
【导语】本文以故事发展线索展开，讲述了从小教育孩子要秉承“不要放弃”原则的作者母亲把这一原则延续到孙子的教育上来的故事。有一次带着两个外孙在沙滩上玩，听到卖冰淇淋的车来了，炎热难耐决定去买。但因为车子很快就离开而没有赶上。于是这个祖母鼓励孙子去追冰淇淋车。在两个孩子追了许久想要放弃时再次鼓励孩子，最终成功买到冰淇淋，一起品尝了永不放弃的美味。
【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“于是，Max和Charley在我妈妈的陪同下开始了他们的任务。”可知，第一段可描写他们如何去追赶买冰淇淋的车子和作者母亲的不断鼓励。②由第二段首句内容“Max和Charley在我妈妈的鼓励下又跑了三个街区。”可知，第二段可描写在祖母的鼓励下，两个孩子没有放弃，最终吃到了美味的冰淇淋。
2.续写线索：开始追冰淇淋车的任务—跑着去追冰淇淋车—想要放弃—祖母鼓励—成功吃到冰淇淋
3.词汇激活
行为类①.尽力做某事：try one’s best to do sth./spare no effort to do sth.②.排队：queue/line up
情绪类①.开心地：happily/joyfully②.疲惫不堪的：exhausted/very tired
【点睛】[高分句型1]. Maybe the man who heard our yell is waiting for us at the square! (由关系代词who引导的定语从句)
[高分句型2]. Just as my mom had predicted, the truck was parked at the square, where several kids were queueing for ice-cream. (由关系副词where引导的非限定性定语从句)

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