资源简介

unit 4-section C -重点单词+短语
1. (be) based on... 以······为基础／根据
an economy based on farming. 以农业为基础的经济
（be） based on fact. 以事实为基础
base...in... 以···为据点；把（总部等）
*base还可用作名词，意为“底部；基础；基地”。
at the base of 在······底部；在······基础上
have a broad base of the masses 有广泛的群众基础
return to the air base 返回空军基地
2.brief .adj.短暂的 → briefly .adv.简要地；短暂地
make a brief speech 作简短的演说
a brief visit 短暂的访问
a brief stay短暂的停留
a brief silence暂时的沉默
a brief title一个简短的标题
a brief description 简要的描述
拓展：
briefly speaking ＝ to be brief＝ in brief 简言之
--In brief／To be brief／Briefly speaking，he was happy with the result.
-简言之，他对结果很满意。
in short 总之，简言之
in summary 总之，概括来说
in general 总的来说
in a word 总之，简言之
all in all 总的说来
on the whole 总的来说
3．all too often 时常，经常是
*all too often 又作 only too often。
--All too often， doctors are too busy to explain the treatment to their patients.
-有很多时候，医生忙得没时间对他们的病人解释治疗方法。
拓展：
quite／very often 经常
every so often 有时，偶尔
as often as not (= more often than not) （口语） 通常，往往，一贯
It’s not often（that）... ······不是常事。
4.result in 结果为；导致
as a result 结果，因此
as a result of 由于······
·He made one big mistake. As a result, he lost his job.-他犯了一个大错，结果丢了工作。
·He lost his job as a result of making one big mistake.-他由于犯了一个大错而丢了工作。
·His illness resulted from the cold weather.-他的病是天气寒冷所致。
·The cold weather resulted in his illness. -天气寒冷致使他生病了。
5.escape .v.（从危险或糟糕的处境中）逃离，逃避，摆脱 n.逃脱；逃走
escape from／to 逃离／逃往
escape from prison 越狱逃跑
escape out of a burning house 从燃烧着的房子里逃出来
narrowly escape 差点没逃脱
escape being punished 逃脱被惩罚
escape death 死里逃生
escape one's attention/notice 逃过某人的注意；被某人忽视
have a narrow escape 死里逃生
make one’s escape 逃跑
*熟词生义：escape .vi.（气体、液体等）漏出 .vt.被忘掉，被忽视，未被注意（不用于被动语态）
prevent heat escaping 阻止热气跑掉
6.disappointed .adj.失望的，沮丧的→Disappoint .vt.使失望→disappointing .adj.令人失望的→Disappointment .n.失望
be disappointed at／by sth. 对某事感到失望
be disappointed with/in sb. 对某人感到失望
be disappointed to do sth. 因做某事而感到失望
be disappointed that... 因······而感到失望
bitterly/deeply/terribly disappointed 极为失望
a disappointing result/performance 一个令人失望的结果／演出
to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是
in disappointment 失望地
7.live up to 符合（标准），不负（盛名）
live up to one's expectations 不辜负某人的期待
live up to one’s promise 履行诺言
live through 经历······而幸存
live with 忍受
live a（n）...life 过着······的生活
live on 继续活着或存在；仅以······为主食
8.extent .n.程度
to some extent (=to a certain extent/to an extent） 在某种程度上
to what extent 在多大程度上
to a great／large extent 在很大程度上
to a greater extent 在更大程度上
to such an extent that.../to the extent that... 达到如此程度，以至于······／达到······的程度
9. in one's own right 凭借自身，靠自己 in one's own right= on one's own
be in the right （在别人的争论中）有理
have the right to do sth. 有权利做某事
have no right to do sth. 无权利做某事
have a right to be angry/concerned 有理由生气／担心
10.original .adj.原先的,最初的；原作的；新颖的；独创的；独特的→origin .n.起源；起因；出身；来历→originally .adv.起初
the original plan 原先的计划
the original owner 原主人
the original work 原著
the original meaning of the word 这个单词的本义
an original idea 独到的见解
a highly original design 非常独特的设计
in origin 在来源上
place of origin 原产地
11．turn to 转向；求助于；致力于
turn to sb.for help/advice 向某人求助／寻求建议
turn to improving air quality 致力于提高空气质量
turn to the left／right 向左／右拐
turn around／round 转身；扭头
turn up 调高（音量等）；出现，到来
turn down 调低（音量等）；拒绝
turn on 打开（水、煤气、电灯等）
turn off 关掉（水、煤气、电灯等）
turn out 结果是，证明是
turn one’s back on 对······置之不理，对······撒手不管
turn against （使）与······为敌，（使） 反对
turn in 上交······
12.awkward .adj.紧张的；不舒适的→awkwardly .adv.令人尴尬地；笨拙地→awkwardness . n.难堪
an awkward child 笨拙的孩子
an awkward excuse 拙劣的借口
an awkward situation 尴尬的境遇
an awkward question 棘手的问题
an awkward instrument 使用不便的工具
an awkward customer难对付的家伙
feel awkward 感到尴尬
be awkward with 与······一起感到不自在
be awkward at／in 在······方面技巧拙劣
13.behave .v.表现behaviour → .n. (=behavior）行为；举止→well-behaved adj.举止良好的
behave（very）badly towards／to 对······（很）不礼貌
behave well 举止良好
behave properly 举止得体
behave like＋n.／pron. 表现得像······
behave as if／though＋从句 表现得好
behave oneself 举止得体，行为规矩
拓展：
social behaviour 社会行为
consumer behaviour 消费者行为
14.normal .adj.正常的，平常的 n.通常标准；常态→normally .adv.正常地；通常→abnormal adj.不正常的，反常的
It is normal (for sb.) to do sth. （对某人来说）做某事是正常的。
above/below normal 正常标准之上／之下
return to／be back to normal 恢复正常
under normal circumstances 一般情况下
比较：common/ordinary/usual/normal/regular
·common指“共有的，公共的；共同的；常见的”。反义词为rare。common作“普通的”讲时可与ordinary换用。如 ordinary people“普通人”也可以说成 common people。common还可用作名词，have...in common with sb.意为“与某人有······共同之处”；
·ordinary 意为“普通的，平淡无奇的”，指没有什么特别的地方；
·usual 意为“平常的，通常的，一向的”，含惯例之意；
·normal意为“正常的”；
·regular意为“有规律的，定期的”。
15. responsibility .n.责任→responsible .adj.有责任的，负责的→responsibly .adv.负责地→irresponsible .adj.不负责任的
a sense of responsibility 责任感
have responsibility for (doing) sth. 有（做）某事的责任
take responsibility for(doing)sth. 对（做）某事负责；承担（做）某事的责任
take full responsibility for 承担······的全部责任
the responsibility to do sth. 做某事的责任
be responsible for 对······负责；是······的原因
对比：be responsible for/be responsible to
·be responsible for sth.／sb. 对······负责
·be responsible to sb. 向（主管者或上级）承担责任
It is one＇s responsibility to do sth. 做某事是某人的职责。
16.absence .n.缺乏，没有→absent .adj.缺席的；心不在焉的
in／during one’s absence 在某人不在时
in the absence of 因缺乏······
absence from 缺乏，没有；不在······
拓展：
intelligent adj.→intelligence n.
different adj.→difference n.
confident adj.→confidence n.
present adj. → presence n.
be absent from 缺席······
absent-minded .adj. 心不在焉的

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