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2023届上海市奉贤区高三一模
英语试题
一、用单词的适当形式完成短文
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Gray Hair Can Return to Its Original Color
Few signs of old age are clearer than the sight of gray hair. ____1____ we grow older, our strands of hair lose their youthful color. Although this may seem like a permanent change, new research reveals that gray hairs ____2____ miraculously regain color — at least temporarily.
In one 1972 paper, the late doctor Stanley Comaish reported an isolated case of a 38-year-old man, with his three strands ____3____(be) light near the ends but dark near the roots. This signaled a reversal in the normal graying process, ____4____ begins at the root.
A new study from researchers at Columbia University is the first ____5____(offer) quantitative evidence linking psychological stress to graying hair in people. Having analyzed individual hairs from 14 volunteers, researchers compared the results with each volunteer’s stress diary, in which individuals’ review of their calendars and each week’s level of stress rated are included.
When hairs were aligned with (与……对照) stress diaries, striking associations between stress and hair graying ____6____(reveal) and, in some cases, there was a reversal of graying when stress was removed. There was one individual who went on a long vacation, and five hairs on that person’s head returned back to dark during the vacation.
Although it may seem easy to understand ____7____ stress can speed up graying, the researchers were surprised to discover that hair color can be restored when stress is eased. We could picture hair as a powerful tool to assess the effects of ____8____(early) life events on aging — because hair provides a kind of physical record of past events, much____9____ the rings of a tree. It’s pretty clear that the hair encodes part of your biological history in some way. Hair grows out of the body, and then it crystallizes into _____10_____ hard and stable that holds the memory of your past.
二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．lonely B．convey C．touches D．inconvenience E. widely F. accompanying G. composition H. captures I. abandon J. sensory K. wearing
An Innovative PainterAlan is a pioneering painter, working with oil paint on canvas in a traditional way. It is only in his use of paint that he differs from the usual practice of using brushes.
Although he does use a brush to draw the main lines of his ____11____, he uses painting knives to apply the paint. Early on he found that paint laid on with painting knives gave him the particular body and texture (质地) he wanted to ____12____ his subjects. The knife is capable of an enormous variety of marks, from delicate ____13____ to fierce sweeping and slices of paint. The knife’s sharp edged marks create their own dynamic of light and shade. Alan possesses many painting knives of different sizes, but tends to favour three or four, which are now ____14____thin with constant use. He is still discovering new possibilities with the knife, driven by the demands of a new subject. Although Alan’s paintings are made in the studio, they are all composed from drawings made outdoors. These drawings are the seed corn on which all his paintings are based. The marks that go down on paper make sure he ____15____not just the actual scene but also the changing light, the direction of the wind and the ____16____ sounds and smells. For the painter, the whole ____17____ experience remains fixed within the drawing long after he has left the scene.
Throughout his life Alan has travelled ____18____for particular places that fuel his creative imagination. He is an adventurous seeker, regardless of the ____19____ or difficulty of some of the locations. Long ago he decided to ____20____the idea of working on large oil paintings out of doors because it involved canvases, oil paints and many other tools around. He now travels light, taking only sketchbooks, pens and a few watercolours with him. This gives him the freedom to draw anywhere and to catch the fleeting moment — the “here-and-now-ness” of the place.
三、完形填空
Bees have evolved to be skilled living builders that can build things many times their size. Bees inspired Mirko Kovac, a roboticist to develop a way to improve the flexibility of 3D printing. A ____21____ 3D printer is limited by the range of its nozzle (喷嘴), and can only make objects smaller than itself. Dr Kovac’s team has removed the ____22____ by giving the printer nozzle wings.
In the latest edition of Nature, Dr Kovac describes a system of flying robots that is composed of two types of drones: builders and scanners. The builders carry the 3D-printing nozzle. The scanners are robots equipped with cameras that are ____23____ for monitoring the progress of the builders.
In the building process, builders and scanners carry out their respective tasks and ____24____ printing and adjusting, layer by layer, until a structure is complete. First, a builder keeps flying over its area of operation and begins to release a jet of the building material. The choice of material is important—it must be lightweight enough for the drones to carry but ____25____ enough to hold the following layers that will be built on top. Once the builder robot has released a layer of material, the scanner robot flies over and ____26____ the progress. The system then computes the next layer that the builder should make, while also correcting for any error that might have been discovered in what has already been built. These could be errors made by the builder-drones or ____27____ in the expansion of the building material. At this point, people can also manually adjust the process, ____28____ and correcting course where necessary.
The researchers tested the system’s ____29____ by building both a large cylinder (圆柱体)and a small cylinder. The tasks were not simple. Making circles on top of other circles would not have worked, because the perfect match required in position would have been impractical to achieve. _____30_____, the builder robot printed winding circles that interleaved with(交错；嵌入) the layers above and below, to ensure maximum stability.
The cylinders built by Dr Kovac’s robots successfully meet the requirements of the British building codes. _____31_____ these robots have been shown to be capable of manufacturing, Dr Kovac says their main task will probably be, initially, in repair.
Because the flying robots can, in theory, operate anywhere, they could fix things in dangerous or otherwise _____32_____ places. Dr Kovac says that his robots could be used to _____33_____and seal leaks in pipelines or fix cracks on tall buildings. These robots could be _____34_____ to work more quickly, cheaply and with less risk to humans. Thinking more long term, Dr Kovac sees a _____35_____ future for his construction robots, building on the surfaces of the Moon or Mars. But what we can say for sure is that it will make a huge difference to construction on Earth.
21．A．typical B．latest C．precise D．popular
22．A．part B．characteristic C．limitation D．shortage
23．A．suitable B．responsible C．famous D．ready
24．A．go on B．work on C．take turns D．contribute to
25．A．massive B．stable C．strong D．flexible
26．A．makes B．improves C．inspects D．continues
27．A．misguidance B．imbalance C．misuse D．imperfection
28．A．changing B．supervising C．arranging D．measuring
29．A．features B．weaknesses C．capabilities D．responses
30．A．Moreover B．Meanwhile C．Otherwise D．Instead
31．A．Because B．While C．If D．After
32．A．remote B．unavailable C．inaccessible D．deserted
33．A．spot B．squeeze C．replace D．remove
34．A．inquired B．intended C．expanded D．assigned
35．A．vague B．demanding C．distant D．potential
四、阅读理解
If I have a goal in life, it isn’t to be driving a Rolls-Royce. It’s to be giving away more than $1,000,000 a year and having an impact on people’s lives. I have the success today because I always had to work for what I wanted. I grew up accustomed to risks and disappointments, so I was used to moving forward, no matter what.
In 2008, I went to Los Angeles where I tried to get hired as an agent, an analyst and a financial broker. Unfortunately, all these doors slammed in my face. The world’s economy was in a bad state, so I knew I would have to do a little spinning of my own.
Youth involves a certain innocence but also perseverance. The word “can’t” wasn’t in my vocabulary. I partnered with a friend buying distressed multifamily properties around Houston. Even though we were enthusiastic and backed with start-up sums, I didn’t make a deal work. My friend moved on to other projects. Alone, I put all my money into the next real-estate project. I put the time in, I dreamed it, but once again the deal fell through. Two months later, though, the deal came back around. That was when the path opened, luck changed, and I was ready to form my own company. I haven’t looked back. Only ahead.
I’m now able to give back to communities and causes. I donate about $500,000 a year, much of that going to research to cure rare diseases. We also support a lot of services for disadvantaged children in Houston and other places.
I have always been someone who can see the big picture and have never been distracted by things that get in the way. There are lessons to be learned, and the biggest of those is to keep going. You may have to change the path, but always keep that vision in front of you.
36．Which of the following about the author is true
A．He donated a lot of money to improve his company’s image.
B．He often encountered difficulties in the process of growing up.
C．He started his own company together with a friend.
D．He changed jobs several times while in Los Angeles.
37．By saying “do a little spinning of my own” in the second paragraph, the author probably means he would_____________.
A．look for a part-time job independently B．make his contributions to the economy
C．give in to the disappointing reality D．be self-employed to develop his career
38．Which quality of the author is not shown in the passage
A．Perseverance. B．Optimism. C．Innocence. D．Kindness.
39．Which one is probably the best title of the passage
A．Saying No to “Turning Back” B．Tips for a Successful Business
C．Jumping over Economic Downturns D．A Life-time Pursuit of Dream
Just a 2-minute walk from the terminals, Short Stay is ideal for meeting or dropping passengers and a great choice for short trips away and business meetings. You can book Short Stay parking in advance for durations over one hour up to two hours prior to your arrival, subject to availability. 2-minute walk from the Terminal doors. LED lighting to help locate your parking spot. Automated Number Plate Recognition and ‘Car Finder’ system. 24/7 security
Heathrow Long Stay Parking is ideal if you’re going away for week-long trips or more. Simply book Long Stay parking for your trip or drive up to any Long Stay car park. At the entry barrier your registration will be recognised and a ticket will be printed showing your registration and Booking Reference. Once the barrier opens, you may proceed to the zone indicated. Use the intercom points at the bus stops to request a pick-up. You won't find our parking cheaper anywhere else. Shuttle buses run every 10-15 minutes to the terminal doors Free Wifi on shuttle buses. 24/7 security
The ideal solution for time-poor business travelers and other passengers who want to travel efficiently and in style. Business parking is available in Terminals 2 & 3 and Terminal 5 with no requirement to hand in your keys. Business-class shuttle buses with minimal wait times. Free Wi-Fi on shuttle buses. 24/7 security.
Meet and Greet parking is one of the most convenient, worry-free ways to park your car at Heathrow. Just drive your vehicle to our Short Stay car park, leave your keys with us and we’ll do the rest! Short walk to terminal. No transfer needed—just drop your car and off you go. 24/7 secure parking. No wait for car on return.
PLEASE NOTE: Heathrow currently doesn’t provide EV (electric vehicle) charging facilities. With this in mind, we recommend that all customers driving EVs to the airport charge them adequately before arrival.
40．Which parking facility may take you the longest travelling time to the terminals A．Short Stay B．Long Stay C．Business D．Meet & Greet
41．Under which circumstance may a passenger choose Business Parking
A．A traveler who would like to enjoy free Wi-Fi at the airport.
B．A student who has an efficient plan on travelling economically.
C．A manager who runs on a tight schedule and may miss his flight.
D．A local who needs to pick up his friend from a long flight.
42．Which one of the following is true according to the advertisement
A．You may use the “Car Finder” system to locate your vehicle at Business Parking.
B．If you leave your car at Meet & Greet, it is up to you to guarantee its safety.
C．If you intend to take a 10-day trip, you’d better park your vehicle at Short Stay.
D．Passengers driving EVs should charge their battery before parking at the airport.
Cognitive Processing Therapy(CPT), a long-term psychological therapy, is a specific type of cognitive behavioral therapy which reduces post-traumatic stress disorder (创伤后应激障碍) symptoms after natural disasters. Typically, CPT is delivered over 12 sessions to help patients learn how to modify negative attitudes and practices related to their trauma. The goal is that the patient then creates a new, more positive view and understanding of the traumatic event, which reduces on-going negative effects on the patient’s current life. It specifically focuses on the core trauma themes of safety, trust, power and control, etc.
Delivered both individually and in structured group sessions, it allows for multiple different paths to receive effective treatments. In some studies, it has shown to be helpful in cases where medicine alone has not worked. Because CPT focuses on retraining thoughts and behaviors to form practical strategies that can be applied to everyday pared to other talk-therapies, it has been especially successful, because it can be completed in a brief period of time, allowing for a lower patient dropout rate. It also enhances brain connectivity, which lessens long-term impacts of trauma. This increased connectivity is why cognitive behavioral therapy is often argued to be more effective than medicine.
On the other hand, there are also multiple disadvantages to CPT. Due to its structured nature, it may not be suitable for people with more complex mental health needs or learning difficulties. Additionally, since it involves facing up to emotions and fears, patients may experience initial periods of additional anxiety or discomfort. Some therapists also argue that because it only addresses current problems and specific issues it does not address possible fundamental causes of mental health conditions, and because it focuses on the individual’s capacity to change themselves it does not address wider system problems that have a significant impact on a patient’s health and well-being.
However, focusing mainly on post-natural disasters, regardless of pre-disaster health, CPT has been repeatedly proven to be a rather successful treatment approach. Although there have not been studies generalizing CPT for children, it is an effective treatment for adults. The clear effectiveness of CPT demonstrates the importance of patient-specific therapies that are unique to the experiences of individual patients.
43．According to the passage, CPT is intended to help patients _________.
A．learn how to modify various negative attitudes and practices
B．cultivate a positive view and understanding of the traumatic events
C．minimize on-going negative effects on their previous and current life
D．focus on the core trauma themes of safety, trust, power, control, etc.
44．Compared with other talk-therapies, what feature contributes to the effectiveness of CPT
A．Its multiple treating assignments.
B．Its applicable strategies in daily life.
C．Its higher treatment fulfillment.
D．Its brain connectivity enhancement.
45．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Post-disaster health is not taken into consideration in the CPT.
B．CPT proves to be the most successful treatment approach so far.
C．More researches might be conducted into the effectiveness of CPT in children.
D．CPT addresses the fundamental causes of patients’ mental health conditions.
46．What is the main idea of this passage
A．The application of Cognitive Processing Therapy.
B．An introduction to a long-term psychological therapy.
C．A breakthrough in the psychological medical field.
D．The limitations of Cognitive Processing Therapy.
五、六选四
At a Loss for Words
Imagine a friend is heading out to face a difficult task. As a last word before they disappear, you want to encourage them. What might you say If you are speaking English, the likeliest choice is “good luck”.
If you stop to think about it, that is a little odd. Though you might indeed hope luck smiles on your friend, neither they nor you can do much about the probability. ____47____ That is why the French, in this situation, say “bon courage”, not “good luck”.
English does not allow you to pair any old adjective with any old noun in a fixed expression. You may wish someone “good morning”, “good afternoon” or “good night”, but not “good weekend”. ____48____ However, in other languages it is perfectly usual.
____49____ English-speakers wish each other a happy birthday, but speakers of many other languages say “congratulations” as if the birthday girl had done something impressive merely by surviving another year. The Dutch also say “gefeliciteerd” to members of the family, including the one who really deserves congratulating: the mother. This is close to obligatory(义务的)，while it would come as a strange surprise in English.
It is tempting to draw deep cultural conclusions from the presence of this or the absence of that in a language. ____50____ For example, the English do say the typical French words bon voyage and bon appétit, and there’s no reason to stop there. Congratulate your mother-in-law on your wife’s birthday, and you can prepare for a delighted smile back. It may seem awkward or tricky at first but you can make it stick if you try.
A．Special occasions are another way in which languages differ.
B．It is natural to be critical of languages that lack expressions you think necessary.
C．What you really want to wish them is courage not fortune.
D．Having no English equivalent is annoying for those who are used to it.
E．You can say that phrase if you like, but your neighbour would look at you strangely.
F．But not having a word for something doesn’t mean you can’t coin one—or borrow it.
六、概要写作
51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Why Camping Can Be So Much Fun
When you go on holiday, where do you like to stay If you haven’t tried camping, maybe you should join the increasing number of people who are enjoying the simple pleasures of camping.
By grabbing your tent, and some additional things, it’s easy to head off to the countryside and enjoy a night or two under the stars. Many campers are dumping the trappings of their modern, busy life to do this, encouraged by experts who say a few peaceful nights in the middle of nowhere might be a good way to relax and improve our sleep patterns and well-being. It is also, of course, a good low-budget holiday option.
For the adventurous, wild camping is an ideal way to escape from reality. Armed with just some food and a sleeping bag, you’re free from rules, away from other people, and able to enjoy the back-to-basics experience. But for those who still want some home comforts, a campsite is a more suitable place to fix your tent. Here you have facilities such as washrooms, a shop and maybe even a restaurant. And for the most luxurious camping experience, you could try glamping, a type of camping associated with extreme comforts and luxury.
More recently, sales of camping equipment have jumped as more people have chosen a vacation spent at hometown due to travel restrictions caused by the pandemic. One camping retailer, Halfords, reported a sharp rise in demand for products such as stoves, cool boxes and camping chairs. With the addition of soft pillows, powerful torches and lamps to light up your tent and a better selection of easy-to-cook food, you can almost guarantee a comfortable and enjoyable camping expedition. So maybe it’s time to give camping a try.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
七、汉译英（整句）
52．她又把相册摊开在桌上未收，这是常有的事。 (leave)(汉译英)
53．不久又会有一颗用于监测气象的卫星发射升空。(it) (汉译英)
54．在中国传统文化中，红灯笼象征生活美满和生意兴隆，通常在春节等节日悬挂。(symbolize) (汉译英)
55．在偏远山区，空气很纯净，庄稼也不受污染，人们远离城市的喧嚣，过着简单而闲适的生活。(free) (汉译英)
八、其他应用文
56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假如你是明启中学高三学生李华，你校学生会正在征集志愿者活动方案，请在以下三项活动中选择一项：一、深入社区宣传环保知识；二、担任“奉贤博物馆”义务讲解员；三、去孤儿院为孩子们上兴趣课。请你给学生会写封邮件，内容须包括：
1. 你的选择及理由
2. 你准备如何做
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6
试卷第!异常的公式结尾页，共11页
10第
页
参考答案：
1．As 2．can##could##may##might 3．being 4．which 5．to offer 6．were revealed 7．that 8．earlier 9．like 10．something##the
【导语】这是一篇说明文。新的研究表明，白发可以奇迹般地恢复颜色——至少是暂时的。文章介绍了这项研究的具体开展情况以及研究发现。
1．考查状语从句。句意：随着年龄的增长，我们的头发失去了青春的颜色。此处引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”应用as，句首单词首字母要大写。故填As。
2．考查情态动词。句意：虽然这似乎是一个永久性的改变，但新的研究表明，白发可以/可能奇迹般地恢复颜色——至少是暂时的。后跟动词原形，表示“可以”或“可能”，应用情态动词can/could/may/might。故填can/could/may/might。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：在1972年的一篇论文中，已故医生斯坦利·科迈什报告了一个38岁男子的孤立病例，他的三股发丝末端较浅，但发根附近较深。此处为with的复合结构，strands与be构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作宾补。故填being。
4．考查定语从句。句意：这标志着从根开始的正常变灰过程的逆转。此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词process，从句缺少主语，指物，应用which引导。故填which。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：哥伦比亚大学研究人员的一项新研究首次提供了心理压力与人们头发变白之间的定量证据。序数词后跟不定式，作后置定语。故填to offer。
6．考查时态语态。句意：当头发与压力日志对照时，压力和头发变白之间的显著关联被揭示出来，在某些情况下，当压力消失时，头发变白的情况会逆转。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文was可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为striking associations，谓语用复数。故填were revealed。
7．考查宾语从句。句意：虽然压力会加速头发变白似乎很容易理解，但研究人员惊讶地发现，当压力缓解时，头发的颜色可以恢复。此处引导宾语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，应用that引导。故填that。
8．考查比较级。句意：我们可以把头发描绘成一个强有力的工具，来评估早期生活事件对衰老的影响，因为头发提供了一种过去事件的物理记录，就像树木的年轮一样。结合语境表示“更早的”，应用比较级。故填earlier。
9．考查介词。句意：我们可以把头发描绘成一个强有力的工具，来评估早期生活事件对衰老的影响，因为头发提供了一种过去事件的物理记录，就像树木的年轮一样。后跟名词作宾语，表示“像”，应用like。故填like。
10．考查不定代词或冠词。句意：头发从身体里长出来，然后结晶成坚硬而稳定的东西，保存着你过去的记忆。此处表示“坚硬的某物”应用不定代词something或用定冠词+形容词，表示一类事物。故填something或the。
11．G 12．B 13．C 14．K 15．H 16．F 17．J 18．E 19．D 20．I
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。艾伦是一位先锋画家，他以传统的方式在画布上作画。他只是在使用颜料方面不同于通常使用画笔的做法。文章对这位画家进行了介绍。
11．考查名词。句意：虽然他确实用毛笔来画他作品的主要线条，但他使用绘画刀来作画。根据“he uses painting knives to apply the paint”可知，此处是指用毛笔来画他作品的主要线条，所以应用名词composition表示“作品”作宾语。故选G。
12．考查动词。句意：早期，他发现用画刀涂上的颜料给了他想要传达主题的特殊主体和纹理。根据“his subjects”可知，此处是指表达画的主题，所以应用动词convey表示“传达”。故选B。
13．考查名词。句意：这把刀可以留下各种各样的痕迹，从精致的修饰到激烈的横扫和油漆的切片。根据“to fierce sweeping and slices of paint”可知，此处是指精致的修饰，所以应用名词touch表示“修饰”作宾语。故选C。
14．考查动词。句意：艾伦有许多不同大小的绘画刀，但他更喜欢三到四把，因为经常使用，这些刀现在都磨薄了。根据“with constant use”可知，此处是指这些刀现在都磨薄了。所以应用动词wear表示“磨损”。故选K。
15．考查动词。句意：纸上的标记确保他不仅捕捉到了真实的场景，还捕捉到了变化的光线、风的方向以及伴随的声音和气味。根据“not just the actual scene but also the changing light”可知，此处是指他不仅捕捉到了真实的场景，还捕捉到了变化的光线，所以应用动词capture表示“捕捉”。故选H。
16． 考查形容词。句意：纸上的标记确保他不仅捕捉到了真实的场景，还捕捉到了变化的光线、风的方向以及伴随的声音和气味。根据“the direction of the wind”和“sounds and smells”可知，此处是指伴随的声音和气味。所以应用形容词accompanying表示“伴随的”作定语。故选F。
17．考查名词。句意：对于画家来说，在他离开现场很久之后，整个感官体验仍然固定在画中。根据“the changing light, the direction of the wind”和“sounds and smells”可知，此处是指整个感官体验仍然固定在画中，所以应用名词sensory表示“感官”作定语。故选J。
18．考查副词。句意：在他的一生中，艾伦广泛游历了许多特别的地方，这些地方激发了他的创造性想象力。根据“for particular places”可知，此处是指艾伦广泛游历了许多地方，所以应用副词widely表示“广泛地”作状语。故选E。
19．考查名词。句意：他是一个冒险的探索者，尽管有些地方很不方便或很困难。根据“or difficulty of some of the locations”可知，此处是指有些地方很不方便，所以应用名词inconvenience表示“不方便”作宾语。故选D。
20．考查动词。句意：很久以前，他决定放弃在户外创作大型油画的想法，因为这涉及画布、油画颜料和许多其他工具。根据后文“He now travels light, taking only sketchbooks, pens and a few watercolours with him.”(他现在轻装旅行，只带速写本、钢笔和几幅水彩画。)可知，此处是指他决定放弃在户外创作大型油画的想法。所以应用动词abandon表示“放弃”。故选I。
21．A 22．C 23．B 24．C 25．C 26．C 27．D 28．B 29．C 30．D 31．B 32．C 33．A 34．D 35．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个机器人专家受到了蜜蜂的启发，建造机器人的过程以及这个机器人对地球的影响。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：典型的3D打印机受到喷嘴范围的限制，只能打印出比自身更小的物体。A. typical有代表性的；B. latest最新的；C. precise精确的；D. popular流行的。根据下文“limited by the range of its nozzle, and can only make objects smaller than itself”可知，3D打印机会受其自身的限制，只能打印比自身小的物体，这是现在市场上有代表性的3D打印机的通病。故选A项。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：科瓦克博士的团队通过给打印机喷嘴插上翅膀，消除了这一限制。A. part部分；B. characteristic特征；C. limitation限制；D. shortage短缺。上文“A typical 3D printer is limited by the range of its nozzle”提到3D打印机的限制，所以下文才要移除该限制，C项limitation“限制”是原文limit的派生词复现。故选C项。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：扫描仪是装有摄像头的机器人，负责监控建造者的进度。A. suitable适合的；B. responsible负责的；C. famous有名的；D. ready准备好的。下文“In the building process, builders and scanners carry out their respective tasks”提到建造者和扫描仪需要各司其职，故空处需要填与“carry out their respective tasks”的近义表达。B项“负责的”带入为固定短语be responsible for表示“对某事负责”符合文意。故选B项。
24．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在建造过程中，建造者和扫描仪执行各自的任务，轮流打印和调整，一层一层，直到结构完成。A. go on继续；B. work on影响；C. take turns轮流；D. contribute to做贡献。根据后文“First, a builder keeps flying over its area of operation and begins to release a jet of the building material.”和“Once the builder robot has released a layer of material, the scanner robot flies over and ____6____ the progress.”可知，两部分不光需要各司其职，还需要轮流合作。故选C项。
25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：材料的选择很重要，它必须足够轻，无人机可以携带，但也要足够坚固，可以在上面建造下面的层。A. massive大的；B. stable稳定的；C. strong强的、坚固的；D. flexible灵活的。空前有but表示转折，所以空处需要填一个和上文“lightweight(轻的)”意义相反或相斥的词；C项“坚固的”符合句意。故选C项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦建造机器人释放了一层材料，扫描机器人就会飞过并检查进度。A. makes做；B. improves提高；C. inspects检查；D. continues继续。结合上文“The scanners are robots equipped with cameras that are responsible for monitoring the progress of the builders.”可知，扫描仪是监控进度的；故空处需要填“monitor”的近义词，C项“检查”为近义替换。故选C项。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些可能是建筑工人的错误，也可能是建筑材料膨胀时的缺陷。A. misguidance误导；B. imbalance不平衡；C. misuse误用；D. imperfection缺陷。空前有or表并列选择，并列的是前文的“errors(错误)”，故空处需要填近义词。D项“缺陷”符合句意。故选D项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这一点上，人们还可以手动调整过程，在必要时监督和纠正过程。A. changing改变；B. supervising监督；C. arranging安排；D. measuring测量。根据上文“Once the builder robot has released a layer of material, the scanner robot flies over and inspects the progress.”可知，监督一般来说是扫描仪的工作，而在这一点上，人们也可以进行人工的监督和纠正，其中inspects和supervising为近义词替换。故选B项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员通过建造一个大圆柱体和一个小圆柱体来测试系统的能力。A. features特征；B. weaknesses缺点；C. capabilities能力；D. responses回答。根据下文“The tasks were not simple. Making circles on top of other circles would not have worked, because the perfect match required in position would have been impractical to achieve.”可知，这个测试并不简单，想要通过这个测试，系统必须能力非常强，由此推出，是为了测试系统的能力水平。故选C项。
30．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，建造机器人打印的缠绕圈与上下层交错，以确保最大程度的稳定性。A. Moreover此外；B. Meanwhile同时；C. Otherwise否则；D. Instead反之。结合句意可知，这个测试的难度非常大，且上文提到“The tasks were not simple.”可以推出，空处为D项“相反”，表示这个测试一点也不简单，相反，是非常难。故选D项。
31．考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管这些机器人已被证明具有制造能力，但科瓦奇博士表示，它们最初的主要任务可能是维修。A. Because因为；B. While尽管；C. If如果；D. After在……后。从句提到机器人有制造能力，主句提到它们的任务主要还只停留在维修阶段，由此可以推出，前文为让步状语从句表示“尽管”、“虽然”。故选B项。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为从理论上讲，飞行机器人可以在任何地方操作，它们可以在危险或无法到达的地方修理东西。A. remote遥远的；B. unavailable不可用的；C. inaccessible到不了的；D. deserted废弃的。上文“Because the flying robots can, in theory, operate anywhere,”提到机器人可以随便飞去任何地方进行修理工作，所以空处应指人类很难或几乎无法到达的地方。故选C项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：科瓦克博士说，他的机器人可以用来发现和密封管道的泄漏，或者修复高层建筑的裂缝。A. spot发现；B. squeeze挤压；C. replace代替；D. remove祛除。结合常识可知，管道泄露应该是先发现、后密封。故选A项。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些机器人的工作速度更快，成本更低，对人类的风险也更小。A. inquired询问；B. intended打算；C. expanded拓展；D. assigned分配。固定短语be assigned to do表示“被安排去做某事”，结合句意，机器人被安排去工作，符合文意。故选D项。
35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从长远来看，科瓦克博士认为他的建筑机器人有一个潜在的未来，可以在月球或火星表面做建造工作。A. vague模糊的；B. demanding要求高的；C. distant遥远的；D. potential潜在的。结合后文“But what we can say for sure is that it will make a huge difference to construction on Earth.”可知，能够肯定的是建筑机器人对地球上的建筑产生巨大的影响，由此推出，对于在月球和火星上做建筑工作是有可能的；D项表示“潜在的”、“有可能的”，符合文意。故选D项。
36．B 37．D 38．C 39．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在成长过程中经常遇到困难，所以无论发生什么，都习惯了勇往直前。
36．细节理解题。根据第一段中“I grew up accustomed to risks and disappointments, so I was used to moving forward, no matter what.(我从小就习惯了冒险和失望，所以我习惯了勇往直前，无论发生什么)”可知，B选项“他在成长过程中经常遇到困难”正确。故选B。
37．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“In 2008, I went to Los Angeles where I tried to get hired as an agent, an analyst and a financial broker. Unfortunately, all these doors slammed in my face.(2008年，我去了洛杉矶，试图在那里找到一份代理、分析师和金融经纪人的工作。不幸的是，这些门都在我面前关上了)”可知，当时世界经济状况很糟糕，所以作者要自主创业来发展自己的事业。由此推知，划线部分意思是“自主创业来发展自己的事业”。故选D。
38．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Youth involves a certain innocence but also perseverance. The word “can’t” wasn’t in my vocabulary.(青春既有一定的天真，也有一定的毅力。我的字典里没有“不能”这个词)”以及倒数第二段中“I’m now able to give back to communities and causes. I donate about $500,000 a year, much of that going to research to cure rare diseases.(我现在能够回馈社区和事业。我每年捐赠大约50万美元，其中大部分用于治疗罕见疾病的研究)”可知，作者单纯的品质在文章中没有表现出来。故选C。
39．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“There are lessons to be learned, and the biggest of those is to keep going. You may have to change the path, but always keep that vision in front of you.(我们要吸取教训，其中最大的教训就是坚持下去。你可能不得不改变道路，但始终保持愿景在你面前)”结合文章主要讲述了作者在成长过程中经常遇到困难，所以习惯了勇往直前，无论发生什么。由此可知，A选项“拒绝‘回头’”最符合文章标题。故选A。
40．B 41．C 42．D
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了英国希思罗机场的三个停车场以及注意事项。
40．细节理解题。根据文章第一部分中 “Just a 2-minute walk from the terminals,(距航站楼仅2分钟步行路程，)”可知，Short Stay离航站楼步行两分钟；根据文章第三部分“Business parking is available in Terminals 2 & 3 and Terminal 5 with no requirement to hand in your keys.(2、3号航站楼和5号航站楼设有商务停车场，无需上交钥匙。)”可知，Business商务停车场就在一些航站楼里。而根据文章第二部分中“Shuttle buses run every 10-15 minutes to the terminal doors.(每10-15分钟就有班车开往航站楼门口)”可知，Long Stay停车场到航站楼需要坐班车，由此可以推出，从Long Stay到航站楼路程最长。故选B项。
41．细节理解题。根据文章第三部分中“The ideal solution for time-poor business travelers and other passengers who want to travel efficiently and in style.(对于时间紧迫的商务旅行者和其他想要高效、时尚旅行的乘客来说，这是理想的解决方案。)”可知，商务旅行者时间安排紧，最理想的就是选择商务停车场。故选C项。
42．细节理解题。根据文章最后一部分中“PLEASE NOTE: Heathrow currently doesn’t provide EV (electric vehicle) charging facilities. With this in mind, we recommend that all customers driving EVs to the airport charge them adequately before arrival.(请注意：希思罗机场目前不提供电动汽车充电设施。考虑到这一点，我们建议所有驾驶电动汽车前往机场的客户在到达之前都要充分充电。)”可知，机场没有电动汽车充电桩，所以驾驶电动汽车的旅客最好在停车前把车充好电。故选D项。
43．B 44．C 45．C 46．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种长期心理疗法——认知加工疗法。它能够帮助患者改变消极态度和行为，减少对患者生活的负面影响，但同时也存在一些缺点，患者在初始阶段可能会更加焦虑或不适。
43．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The goal is that the patient then creates a new, more positive view and understanding of the traumatic event, which reduces on-going negative effects on the patient’s current life.(这样做的目的是让病人对创伤事件有一个新的、更积极的看法和理解，从而减少对病人当前生活的持续负面影响。)”可知，认知加工疗法是为了帮助病人培养对创伤性时间的积极看法和理解。故选B项。
44．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Compared to other talk-therapies, it has been especially successful, because it can be completed in a brief period of time , allowing for a lower patient dropout rate. It also enhances brain connectivity, which lessens long-term impacts of trauma. This increased connectivity is why cognitive behavioral therapy is often argued to be more effective than medicine.(与其他谈话疗法相比，它特别成功，因为它可以在很短的时间内完成，允许较低的患者退出率。它还能增强大脑的连通性，从而减少创伤的长期影响。这种增强的连通性就是为什么认知行为疗法经常被认为比药物更有效。)”可知，认知加工疗法成功是因为它完成时间短，增强大脑的连通性，所以它比其他的疗法要更加有效。故选C项。
45．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“However, focusing mainly on post-natural disasters, regardless of pre-disaster health, CPT has been repeatedly proven to be a rather successful treatment approach. Although there have not been studies generalizing CPT for children, it is an effective treatment for adults. The clear effectiveness of CPT demonstrates the importance of patient-specific therapies that are unique to the experiences of individual patients.(然而，认知加工疗法主要侧重于自然灾害后，而不考虑灾前健康，已多次被证明是一种相当成功的治疗方法。虽然还没有研究将认知加工疗法推广到儿童，但它对成人是一种有效的治疗方法。认知加工疗法的明确有效性证明了患者特异性治疗的重要性，这是个体患者独特的经历。)”可知，认知加工疗法多次被证明是一种相当成功的治疗方法，并且对于成年人来说已经是有效的方法；由此可以推出，下一步很有可能就是将其应用于儿童身上，研究它的有效性。故选C项。
46．主旨大意题。文章第一段主要讲了认知加工疗法的定义，它是一种长期的心理疗法；第二段讲了它为何如此有效，其原理是什么；第三段讲了认知加工疗法的缺点；第四段讲了它的应用范围。综合全文可知，文章主要介绍了一种长期心理疗法——认知加工疗法。故选B项。
47．C 48．E 49．A 50．F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章对比了语言之间的区别，例如在给人加油鼓劲时和过生日时，各个语言说的话反应出了不同的文化背景。
47．下文“That is why the French, in this situation, say “bon courage”, not “good luck”.(这就是为什么法国人在这种情况下说“要有勇气”，而不是“祝你好运”)”提到法国人常说“bon courage”，指的是要有勇气，表示鼓励、加油等含义，关键词为courage“勇气”，空处位于段中，为承上启下，也需要提到courage。C项“你真正想祝福他们的是勇气而不是好运。”中courage为原词复现。故选C项。
48．上文“English does not allow you to pair any old adjective with any old noun in a fixed expression. You may wish someone “good morning”, “good afternoon” or “good night”, but not “good weekend”.(英语不允许你在固定表达中把任何旧形容词和任何旧名词搭配在一起。你可能会对某人说“早上好”、“下午好”或“晚安”，但不是“周末好”)”提到英文中的表达习惯；下文“However, in other languages it is perfectly usual.(然而，在其他语言中这是非常常见的。)”对上文内容进行转折，表示在其他语言中说“周末好”等是很常见的现象。由此推知，空处应该表达上文提到的事情是不常见的。E项“如果你愿意，你可以说那句话，但是你的邻居会奇怪地看着你。”符合逻辑，因为所提事情不常见，所以如果你违反英文表达习惯说英语，你的邻居会用奇怪的眼神看着你。故选E项。
49．空处为本段主旨句，起总述作用。下文“English-speakers wish each other a happy birthday, but speakers of many other languages say “congratulations” as if the birthday girl had done something impressive merely by surviving another year.(说英语的人互相祝对方生日快乐，但说其他许多语言的人说“祝贺”，好像寿星女仅仅是又活了一年就做了什么了不起的事似的。)”提到一个特定场合——生日，所以本段主要内容为不同语言在特定的场合下的不同之处。A项“特殊场合下的语言又会有其他的不同之处。”符合段意。故选A项。
50．下文“For example, the English do say the typical French words bon voyage and bon appétit, and there’s no reason to stop there.(例如，英国人确实会说典型的法语单词bon voyage和bon appétit，而且没有理由在那里停下来。)”提到英国人有时会借鉴法语单词，由此可以推出，有时候我们可以借用外国的词汇。F项“但是没有表达某事的词并不意味着你不能创造一个词或者借用一个词。”符合前后逻辑。故选F项。
51．Nowadays, a growing number of people choose to camp outdoors in that it’s easy to access and with low-budget. Moreover, various types of camping cater to our different needs, such as adventurous wild camping, cozy campsite camping and luxurious camping, which brings us peace and benefits our health. With the travel restrictions during the pandemic, sales of camping equipment soar. (60字)
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了露营的意义和露营的种类，以及在疫情的影响下，露营装备销量暴增的现象。
【详解】1. 要点摘录
①If you haven’t tried camping, maybe you should join the increasing number of people who are enjoying the simple pleasures of camping.
②By grabbing your tent, and some additional things, it’s easy to head off to the countryside and enjoy a night or two under the stars.
③It is also, of course, a good low-budget holiday option.
④For the adventurous, wild camping is an ideal way to escape from reality. But for those who still want some home comforts, a campsite is a more suitable place to fix your tent.
⑤Here you have facilities such as washrooms, a shop and maybe even a restaurant. And for the most luxurious camping experience, you could try glamping, a type of camping associated with extreme comforts and luxury.
⑥More recently, sales of camping equipment have jumped as more people have chosen a vacation spent at hometown due to travel restrictions caused by the pandemic.
2. 缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4、5、6要点进行整合。
3. 遣词造句
It might be fun to consider joining others and enjoy the simple pleasure of camping.
It’s easy and also cheap to head off to the countryside and have a holiday.
Wild camping can be fun the adventurous while different types of campsites can also be found if you’re looking for a more comfortable environment.
Due to the pandemic, the sales of camping equipment have increased a lot.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Nowadays, a growing number of people choose to camp outdoors in that it’s easy to access and with low-budget.(运用中in that引导原因状语从句)
【高分句型2】Moreover, various types of camping cater to our different needs, such as adventurous wild camping, cozy campsite camping and luxurious camping, which brings us peace and benefits our health.(用which引导了非限制性定语从句)
52．She left the album open on the table again, which is quite often.
【详解】考查固定短语、动词时态、介词、定语从句、副词。结合句意，主句为已经发生了的事情，故用一般过去时态，从句指经常发生的动作，故用一般现在时态；表示“相册”为名词album，结合语境可知，为“摊开在桌上未收”的相册，属特指，故需要用定冠词the修饰；表示“使某物保持某状态”为固定短语leave sth. +adj.，故表示“把相册摊开在桌上”可译为leave the album open；表示“在……上”用介词on；后句中用非限制性定语从句，which作主语，指代上文提到的事情，故谓语动词用单数即可；表示“常有的”为quite often，副词修饰形容词常放形容词前。故翻译为She left the album open on the table again, which is quite often.
53．It won’t be long before another satellite used to monitor the climate is launched to space.或It won’t be long before another satellite which is used to monitor the climate is launched to space.
【详解】考查固定句型、固定短语、名词、定语从句、冠词。表示“不久后……”为固定句型it won’t be long before，位于句首需要大写字母“I”；表示“又会有一颗”，即“另一颗”，可用another表达；“用于监测气象的”为定语，客观陈述卫星的作用，故用一般现在时，可用used to monitor the climate，过去分词作后置定语，也可用定语从句which is used to monitor the climate；表示“发射”为launch to，主语为“卫星”，故需要用被动语态be launched to；表示“太空”为space，抽象名词前用零冠词。故翻译为It won’t be long before another satellite used to monitor the climate is launched to space.或It won’t be long before another satellite which is used to monitor the climate is launched to space.
54．In traditional Chinese culture, red lanterns which symbolize a happy life and good business, usually are hung during festivals like the Spring Festival.或In traditional Chinese culture, red lanterns which symbolize a happy life and flourishing business, usually hang during festivals like the Spring Festival.
【详解】考查介词、名词、定语从句、形容词、动词的时态和语态。结合句意可知，为陈述一个客观现象，故句子用一般现在时即可。表示“在……中”用介词in，位于句首大写字母“I”；表示“红灯笼”为red lantern，此处为泛指且不止一个红灯笼，故用复数形式；“象征生活美满和生意兴隆”可用作定语从句修饰先行词“红灯笼”，“象征”用提示词symbolize，which作主语代指前文的复数名词red lanterns，故谓语动词用单数；“生意兴隆”可用good修饰business也可用形容词flourishing；hang作及物动词时意为“悬挂”，“红灯笼”和“悬挂”为动宾关系，故用被动语态are hung，而hang作不及物动词时，可表示“（使）挂在墙上”，用原型即可；表示“春节”为固定短语Spring Festival。故翻译为In traditional Chinese culture, red lanterns which symbolize a happy life and good business, usually are hung during festivals like the Spring Festival.或In traditional Chinese culture, red lanterns which symbolize a happy life and flourishing business, usually hang during festivals like the Spring Festival.
55．In remote mountainous areas, where the air is pure and the crops are free of pollution, people live a simple and relaxing life, away from the hustle and bustle of city life.或In remote mountainous areas, where the air is pure and the crops are free from pollution, people lead a simple and relaxing life, away from the hustle and bustle of city life.
【详解】考查形容词、名词、定语从句、固定短语、动词时态。结合句意可知，为陈述一个客观事实，故句子用一般现在时态；表示“偏远的”为形容词remote；表示“山区”为mountainous area，结合句意可知此处为泛指，而山区不止一个，故用复数；表示“空气”为air，不可数名词，但句中表示“山里的空气”，故需要用定冠词限定，同理“庄稼”crops前也需要用定冠词the；表示“纯净”为形容词pure；表示“不受污染”可用free of pollution，也可以用free from pollution；并且“空气很纯净，庄稼也不受污染”都是在分述山区的情况，故用where引导定语从句表示即可；表示“远离”为副词短语away from，在句中作状语，可以后置；表示“喧嚣”为固定短语hustle and bustle；表示“简单而闲适”为并列形容词短语simple and relaxing；表示“过着……样的生活”可以用live/lead a... life。故翻译In remote mountainous areas, where the air is pure and the crops are free of pollution, people live a simple and relaxing life, away from the hustle and bustle of city life.或In remote mountainous areas, where the air is pure and the crops are free from pollution, people lead a simple and relaxing life, away from the hustle and bustle of city life.
56．Dear Sir/Madam
Our school will hold a volunteer activity, which may be chosen from the following three programmes: publicizing knowledge of environmental protection to communities, being a volunteer guide for the Fengxian Museum and conducting interesting lessons to kids in the orphanage. In my opinoin, being a volunteer guide for the Fengxian Museum is suitable for students.
There are two reasons why I choose the second activity. To start with, it’s a valuable opportunity for students to have a better knowledge of the Fengxian Museum, during which they can broaden their horizons. Besides, it’s beneficial for students to improve their communication skills especially English speaking because there are many foreigners visiting it.
If I’m lucky enough to be chosen as one guide, I will cherish the golden opportunity and make full preparations, such as searching materials on the Internet and asking teachers for help.
Sincerely
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给校学生会写封邮件在三个志愿者活动策划中选择某一项活动，并阐述选择的理由和要如何做。
【详解】1.词汇积累
项目：programme→project
除此之外：besides→moreover
珍惜：cherish→treasure
寻求某人的帮助：ask sb for help→seek sb’s help
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：In my opinoin, being a volunteer guide for the Fengxian Museum is suitable for students.
拓展句：In my opinoin, being a volunteer guide for the Fengxian Museum is suitable for students, from which students can learn a lot.
【点睛】【高分句型1】To start with, it’s a valuable opportunity for students to have a better knowledge of the Fengxian Museum, during which they can broaden their horizons.（运用了“介词+which”引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】If I’m lucky enough to be chosen as one guide, I will cherish the golden opportunity and make full preparations, such as searching materials on the Internet and asking teachers for help. （运用了if引导的条件状语从句和主将从现）
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