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2023年高考英语语法：被动语态详解及巩固练习
一、被动语态的构成与用法
英语的语杰有主动语态和被动语态两种。决定动词用主动语态还是被动语态主要看动词和主语的关系。如果主语是动作的执行者，也就是说它们是主动关系，此时动词用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者，也就是说它们是被动关系，此时动词则用被动语态。英语的被动语态由
“助动词be+过去分词”构成，其中be有时态、人称和数的变化。如:
English is taught in most schools.大多数学校都教英语。
The children are not allowed (permitted) to play on the grass.孩子们不允许在草地上玩耍。
After the accident. the injured were taken to hospita1.事故发生之后受伤的人被送往医院急救。
二、九种时态的被动语态
请看以下用例:
We are given a lot of homework to do. 我们有很多作业要做。
They were given a warm send-off.他们受到热烈的欢送。
I think we are being followed. 我想有人在跟踪我们。
They told me that the case was being investigated.他们告诉我案子正在调查。
The documents for which they were searching have been recovered.他们找寻的文件已找到了。
He asked ifMary had been sent to hospital他问玛丽是否已被送进医院。
Check carefully, so any mistakes will be caught.仔细检查一遍，把所有错误都找出来。
He knew he would be punished for it.他知道他会为此受到惩罚。
三、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成。如:
You might be asked to speak at the meeting. 可能请你在会上发言。
Whenever(they are)known, such facts should be reported. 这类情况一旦发现就要报告。
All the above items can be obtained from our office.所有上述资料可向我们办公室索取。
Something must be done to stop these accidents.必须采取某种措施以防止这些事故。
These books may be appreciated better by older children.年龄稍大的孩子可能更会欣赏这些书。
四、短语动词的被动语态
“动词+介词或副词”构成的短语动词，以及“动词+名词+介词”构成的短语动词，在被动语态中不要漏掉后面的介词或副词。如:
Good use is made of the library. 这图书馆的利用率很高。
Aman who is muchtalked about is always veryattractive.被人谈论多的人经常是很有吸引力的人。
Many interesting experiments are carried out in our laboratory我们实验室做了许多有趣的实验。
五、关于“get+过去分词”
在英语口语中，有时可用“get+过去分词”构成被动语态。如:
I got dressed as quickly as 1 could.我尽快穿一衣服。
I wasn't surprised she get elected ater all the efforts she made.地尽了一切力量之后，当选了，这不使我感到奇怪。
We got delayed because of the holiday traffic.因为节日交通阻塞，所以我们被耽误了。
I tried to find my way round London without a map and got lost.我试图不带地图在伦敦寻路，结果迷路了。
注:这样结构比较常见的搭配有get arrested,get caught, get confused, getdelayed, get divorced, get dressed, get drowned, get drunk, get elected, ge
tengaged. get hit. get killed, get lost, get married. get stuck等。
六、不用于被动语态的三种典型情况
1.不及物动词没有被动语态
因为不及物动词没有宾语，所以若将其用干被动语态则没有主语，故不能用干被动语态。但是值得注意的是，有些英语中的不及物动词。
译成汉语时却可能是“及物”的，很容易出错，这类动词如take place(发生)，happen(发生)，come about(发生)，break out(爆发)，appear(出
现)，disappear(消失)，last持续)，arise(出现，发生)，date from/date back to(回溯至)等。如:
The storm has lasted for three hours.暴雨已经持续了二个钟头了。
The bov disappeared round the corner. 男孩在拐弯处消失了。
Everything seemed quite regular when the fire broke out.起火的当时，一切似乎都很正常。
2.某些静态动词不用于被动语态
英语有些静态动词(如have.lack,fit, hold.suit, resemble 等)通常不用于被动语态，如以下各句均不能变为被动语态:
The hall holds 2,000 people.大厅可容纳2.000人。
Her chiefworry was that she lacked experience.她的主要忧虑是她缺乏经验。
3.宾语为相互代词和反身代词时不用于被动语态
由于相互代词和反身代词通常不能用作主语，所以当它们用作动词宝语时，句子不能转换成被动语态。如:
He always considers himselfin the right. 他老认为自己是对的。
Newton found that all masses attract each other牛顿发现一切物质都互相吸引。
被动语态专项训练
1.He was angry your work. He said that heat all.
A. at, didn't satisfy
B. to. didn't satisfy
C. at. wasn't satisfied
D. to, wasn't satisfied
2.The computer company aoina from bad to worse. the worker shardly enough to make a living
A. are paid
D. are paying
C. have paid
D. paid
3. The new dictionaries are very useful. They well and already
A. sold: have been sold
B. sold, had sold out
C.sell; sell out
D. are sold. have been sold out
4. -Did you see Sandy in the manager's office
-Yes, she by the manager.
A. is questioned
B. was being questioned
C. had been questioned
D. was questioned
5.A great number of trees in the past few vears in the citv
A. have planted
B. have been planted
C. will plant
D. Planted
6.Ths is ed's photo. we miss him a lot.He trving to save a child in the earthguake
A. killed
B. was killed
C. is killed
D. was killing
7.Shortly after we a waiter came over to our table with a smile
A. seated
B. were seated
C. sat ourselves
D. took places
8.All the preparations for the task , and we're ready to start
A.complete
B.completed
C.had been completed
D. have been completed
9.The new school has been completed. It very beautiful
A. is looked
B. looked
C.has looked
D. looks
10.The things talked about in their repor tover a year ago
A. had taken place
B.took place
C.was taken place
D. have taken place.
11. -Look! Everything here is under construction.
-What's the pretty small house that for
A. is being built
B. has been built
C. is built
D.is building
答案解析
1.C。be angry at (about) sth 意为“对某事生气”;satisfy在现代英语中只用作及物动词，其意不是“满意”而是"使(人)满
意”，所以其后不能没有宾语，除非本身是被动语态(或是系表结构)。
2.A。pay与the workers是动宾关系，要用被动语态。
3.A。sell well指“销路好”，用主动形式表示被动含义;sell out 指"卖完”，用现在完成时表示结果。
4.B。“见到”是过去;见到时，经理“正在询问她”;因此用过去进行时的被动语态。
5.B。树显然是被种，且in the past few years常与现在完成时连用，故用现在完成时被动语态。
6.B。由Ted的照片，回想起他遇难的经过，即在地震中为救小孩而was killed
7.B。seat一词的用法:seat sb/oneself或be seated被动式作表语。
8.D。preparations与 complete之间显然存在被动关系，又后半句的时态为一般现在时，故前半句不可能是过去完成
时。
9.D。look 为连系动词，没有被动语态，只能用主动形式表示被动意义。(因为连系动词为不乃物动词，均没有被动语
态形式)
10 B。不及物动词(短语):take nlace/hannen/helona to / hreak out / last / ao out/ run out 笔均无被动形式
11.A。由第一句可知在建设中，且house 与build之间有被动关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态。

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