资源简介

上海市徐汇区
2020-2022届（三年）高三一模英语试题分类汇编
阅读理解
上海市徐汇区2022届高三一模英语试卷
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
The older of two sisters, Jane Goodall was born on April 3, 1934, in London, England, into a middle-class British family. When Goodall was about two years old, her mother gave her a toy chimpanzee, which Goodall still possesses to this day. She was a good student, but she had more interest in being outdoors and learning about animals. Once she spent five hours in a hen-house so she could see how a hen lays an egg. She loved animals so much that by the time she was ten or eleven she dreamed of living with animals in Africa. Her mother encouraged Goodall’s dream, which eventually became a reality.
When Goodall was eighteen she completed secondary school and began working. She worked as a secretary, as an assistant editor in a film studio, and as a waitress, trying to save enough money to make her first trip to Africa.
Jane Goodall finally went to Africa when she was twenty-three years old. In 1957 she sailed to Mombasa on the east African coast, where she met anthropologist (人类学家) Louis Leakey (1903–1972), who would become her mentor, or teacher. In Africa, Leakey and his wife, Mary, had discovered what were then the oldest known human remains. These discoveries supported Leakey’s claim that the origins of the human species were in Africa, not in Asia or Europe as many had believed.
Leakey hoped that studies of the primate (灵长目动物的) species most closely related to human beings—chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans — would shed（散发） light on the behavior of the human animal’s ancestors. He chose Goodall for this work because he believed that as a woman she would be more patient and careful than a male observer, and that as someone with little formal training she would be more likely to describe what she saw rather than what she thought she should be seeing.
Later Goodall turned her attention to the problem of captive (被囚禁的) chimpanzees. Because they closely resemble humans, chimpanzees have been widely used as laboratory animals to study human diseases. Goodall used her knowledge and fame to work to set limits on the number of animals used in such experiments and to convince researchers to improve the conditions under which the animals were kept. She also worked to improve conditions for zoo animals and for conservation of chimpanzee habitats. In 1986 she helped found the Committee for the Conservation and Care of Chimpanzees, an organization dedicated to these issues. She has even written children’s books, The Chimpanzee Family Book and With Love, on the subject of treating animals kindly.
For her efforts Goodall has received many awards and honors. In 2000 she accepted the third Gandhi/King Award for Non Violence at the United Nations. She does not spend much time in Africa anymore; rather, she gives speeches throughout the world and spends as many as three hundred days a year traveling.
56. What is Jane Goodall’s major achievements
A. Her books for children to learn about nature. B. Her observation of how the hen lay an egg.
C. Her study of the chimpanzee behaviour. D. Her finding of the origins of the human species.
57. Where does this passage probably come from
A. Science fiction B. A biography book.
C. A handbook about animal protection. D. A travel brochure
58. Which one is not the reason for Leakey’s choosing Goodall as an assistant
A. She would be more patient and careful than a male observer.
B. She helped found the Committee for the Conservation and Care of Chimpanzees.
C. She was more likely to record what really happens though lacking formal training.
D. She had more interest in being outdoors and learning about animals.
59. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about Goodall
A. She went to Africa when she was twenty-three years old.
B. She accepted the third Gandhi/King Award for Non Violence.
C. Her discoveries supported Leakey’s claim of the origins of the human species.
D. She worked to improve conditions for zoo animals.
B
The Fifth C
Cut, Color, Carat, Clarity…Chemistry
Is it possible hat the mind of a scientist can create more beauty and romance than Mother Nature The Ultimate Diamond Alternative , DiamondAura , was created with one mission in mind: Create brilliant cut jewelry that allows everyone to experience more clarity, more brilliance and larger carat weights than they have ever experienced. So, we’ve taken 2 carats of our Ultimate Diamond Alternative DiamondAura and set them in the most classic setting—the result is our most stunning, fiery, faceted design yet! In purely scientific measurement terms, the refractory(耐火) index of these stones is very high, and the color dispersion（色散） is actually superior to mined diamonds.
Perfection from science. We named our brilliant cut diamond alternative stones DiamondAura because “they dazzle just like natural diamonds but without the outrageous cost. ” We will not bore you with the incredible details of the scientific process, but will only say that it involves the use of rare minerals heated to an incredibly high temperature of nearly 5000 F. This can only be accomplished inside some very modern and expensive laboratory equipment. After several additional steps, scientists finally created a clear marvel that looks even better than the vast majority of mined diamonds. According to the book Jewelry and Gems–the Buying Guide, the technique used in our diamond alternative DiamondAura offers, “The best diamond simulation to date, and even some jewelers have mistaken these stones for mined diamonds. ”
The 4 C’s. Our 3-Stone Classique Ring retains every jeweler’s specification: color, clarity, cut, and carat weight. The transparent color and clarity of our diamond alternative DiamondAura imitate the most perfect diamonds—D Flawless, and both are so hard they will cut glass. The brilliant cut maximizes the fire and radiance of the stone so that the light disperses into a delicate rainbow of colors.
Rock solid guarantee. This . 925 sterling silver ring is prong-set with a 1 carat round brilliant stone in the center, showcased between two round brilliants stones of carat each. Adding to your 4 C’s, we will include our Ultimate Diamond Alternative DiamondAura stud earrings for FREE! Try the DiamondAura 3-Stone Classique Ring at $39 for 30 days. If for any reason you are not satisfied with your purchase, simply return it to us for a full refund of the item purchase price and keep the stud earrings as our gift.
60. What do we learn from the passage
A. The DiamondAura stone has been the best substitute for diamond ever.
B. To get a full refund, you need to return the sterling silver ring and the stud earrings.
C. Common people, but experts, can hardly distinguish the DiamondAura stone from diamond.
D. After several steps of process, the DiamondAura stone is heated at an extremely high temperature.
61. The original price of the DiamondAura 3-stone Classique Ring and stud earrings in total is___________.
A. $299 B. $260 C. $138 D. $398
62. You can get the DiamondAura 3-stone Classique Ring at $39 only by .
A. shopping on the website www.
B. using the offer code via teleshopping
C. going to the physical store in Burnsville, Minnesota
D. paying $99 for the stud earrings first
C
China’s digital economy is expected to provide a strong boost to global economic recovery, but more efforts should be made to bridge the digital divide and promote data flow, said industry experts and top company officials on Friday.
“China’s digital economy, which is indeed in the fast lane, has become a new growth driver of the country’s economic growth amid the COVID-19 pandemic. It has and will play an important role in driving economic recovery globally,” said Gong Ke, president of the World Federation of Engineering Organizations and executive director of the Chinese Institute for the New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Strategies.
“While data is an important factor of digital economy, more effort should be made to bridge the digital divide to benefit more user groups. To be specific, we need to improve infrastructure （基础设施）construction and the sharing of computing power from leading companies to smaller ones,” Gong said.
He made the remarks at a sub-forum of the fourth Hongqiao International Economic Forum during the ongoing China International Import Expo in Shanghai.
Liu Jun, president of Bank of Communications, said that a winner-takes-all phenomenon is happening during the development of the platform-based economy because the country’s digital economy has developed at an unparalleled speed with insufficient supervision over the past decade.
“Therefore, it is necessary to break down the existing information barriers to promote the free flow of data. The value of data cannot be maximized if a certain company uses it exclusively. Data from various departments, fields and industries must be fully combined and correlated,” Liu said.
China’s digital economy reached $5. 4 trillion last year in terms of market size, which grew 9. 6 percent year-on-year, the fastest worldwide, said the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, a government think tank.
Such rapid development of the digital economy has attracted companies from abroad to participate.
They are also expected to explore more new opportunities in the Chinese market.
To embrace the trend, Omron Healthcare said it will leverage its technological competence to develop more digital innovations for the Chinese market.
The Japanese industrial automation giant displayed a series of digitalized products, including smart healthcare management terminals and glucose (葡萄糖) meters at the ongoing expo.
“The rapid growth of China’s trade, including digital trade, has produced a strong spillover effect for the world, and it will enable China’s economy to maintain a long-term positive trend and thus make a contribution to global economic growth,” said Zhao Yao, general manager of Omron Healthcare China.
The CAICT report also pointed out that China and the United States are leading global development of the digital economy. The two economies also ranked first and second in terms of the market size of digital economy last year.
63. According to what Gong Ke said, we may learn that __________.
A. China’s digital economy takes full advantage of the COVID-19 pandemic.
B. Global economic recovery will benefit from China’s digital economy the most.
C. Despite COVID-19, China’s digital economy pushes global economic growth ahead.
D. Improving infrastructure construction will benefit Chinese people more from the growth.
64. What can be done to break down the barriers on the way to a further development in digital economy
A. All tech companies should be put under stricter supervision.
B. It is necessary to stop the free flow of data, which is the existing information barrier.
C. To maximize the value of data tends to be applied exclusively.
D. Sharing and free flow of data should be guaranteed through efficient supervision.
65. What does the underlined word “leverage” mean
A. discover B. employ C. improve D. study
66. What’s the main idea of the passage
A. China’s digital economy is now enhancing the world’s economic growth.
B. Nothing can block China’s digital economy development but over strict supervision.
C. Breaking information barriers with supervision can further China’s digital economy healthily.
D. China’s fast development in digital economy attracts more international investments.
上海市徐汇区2021届高三一模英语试卷
A
The semi-finals for the League of Legends (LOL) World Championship 2020 ended on Sunday with Chinese team Suning finally defeating another Chinese team Top Esports to earn a ticket to the final against Damwon Gaming from South Korea. The result has captured the attention of Chinese netizens, showing the huge influence of esports in China.
Several hashtags（推文话题） such as “LOL Worlds semi-finals” and “Suning gets to the final” have earned more than a billion views on China’s Twitter-like Sina Weibo as of Monday.
Top Esports was one of favorites to win in the semi-finals, while Suning was commonly seen as a loser, but the latter finally broke through to win 3-1.
After the game, one member of the defeated team, Karsa, shed tears at the event, which quickly became a hot topic on Sina Weibo.
In a message posted to Sina Weibo after the competition, Top Esports said that they regret not making it to the final and that they felt sorry for their fans, “but our pursuit of victory will never stop. We will carry on with this regret.”
Instead of blaming them for their failure, most netizens encouraged them to try again in 2021.
While many media outlets are calling Suning’s win a surprise, but a commentator for an esports team based in Shanghai surnamed Zhang told the Global Times on Monday that the result is not surprising.
“After Top Esports barely defeated Fnatic with a 3-2 score, I felt that the entire team, except for Karsa, performed worse than before. The middle lane and bottom lane of the team were off line when playing against Suning and did not play to their usual level,” Zhang said.
He praised Suning, saying their skills were improving, “but the team still has a gap with Damwon Gaming. I hope they can lose as gloriously as possible.”
Suning, which was formed by Chinese commercial retail enterprise Suning, also posted on Sina Weibo on Sunday to thank everyone who supported the team, saying that they will try their best to guard the glory of the League of Legends Pro League.
Li, a Suning fan living in Shanghai, was glad to see the team she supports win.
“The team has constantly grown during the Worlds this year, although all members of the team are freshmen,” she said.
Li was also a little regretful for Top Esports as the team is the only one that has all Chinese members.
“Making the impossible possible through hard work is the charm of esports. I think it is full of passion,” Li said, explaining why she loves esports.
Which team is the Chinese team Suning ready to fight against next
A. League of Legends B. Top Esports C. Damwon Gaming D. Fnatic
What did Mr. Zhang, the commentator, think of the failure of Top Esports
A. He thought that there was still a gap between Top Esports and Damwon Gaming.
B. He thought that the result was not beyond his expectation.
C. He believed that every one of the team had performed worse than ever before.
D. He believed that Sunning’s winning was just a lucky thing.
Which of the following statements about the team Suning is correct
A. The team is to fight against Damwon Gaming from South Korea in the semi-final.
B. The team is financed by a commercial retail enterprise.
C. The team consists of all Chinese members.
D. The team is now equivalent to Damwon Gaming.
B
People climbing Mount Everest are two times as likely to reach the top and less likely to die on the climb than 20 years ago, a new study finds. Everest, high in the Himalayans, is the tallest mountain above sea level on Earth. It reaches 8,848 meters into the sky.
Between 2006 and 2019, around two thirds of climbers were successful in their attempt to reach the top. In the 15 years before that, only about one-third went all the way to the top.
The number of attempts to reach the top of Everest has risen sharply over the years, leading to a 300 percent increase in overcrowding. In 2019, 955 climbers tried to reach the mountaintop. Only 222 people did so in 2000.
The study noted that on a single day in May of last year, 396 climbers had gathered at the narrow path just below the top. The area, known as the “death zone,” is so narrow that only a small number of climbers can pass through, one directly behind another.
Nine climbers died on Everest in May 2019. It was the deadliest Everest climbing season since 2015 when an earthquake killed at least 18 people on the mountain.
A picture of climbers waiting their turn to go up and down through the death zone became famous as it was shared online. Yet researchers say the crowds were not the main reason for the deaths last year.
“Surprisingly crowding has no evident effect on success or death” of Everest climbers, the study said.
However, overcrowding does make the climb more dangerous.
“If crowding slows climbers (as is expected), this increases their exposure to the elements, which should increase risk of an accident or illness,” said Raymond B. Huey, lead writer of the report.
An unexpected storm, earthquake, or landslide could be disastrous, he told Reuters by email.
Climbers have expressed concern that was giving anyone willing to pay the government $11,000 permission to climb Everest. Nepal plans to change its policy to require climbers to use guides, and meet physical fitness and experience qualifications, said tourism department official Mira Acharya.
Nepal temporarily closed its mountains to climbers because of the coronavirus health crisis. Now they are open again. However, Acharya noted that flights into and within Nepal have not restarted.
More than 6,000 people have climbed Mount Everest since 1953, when New Zealander Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay became the first climbers known to reach the top. At least 311 climbers have died trying.
59. Supposing 900 people took part in the climbing Mount Everest between 1990 and 2005, how many of them reached the top
A. 300. B. 400. C. 500. D. 600
60. Why does overcrowding make the climbing more dangerous
A. Because it surprisingly leads to death for those climbers.
B. Because it stopped the climbers from reaching the top at the area called “death zone”.
C. Because it exposes climbers to increasing risk of an accident or illness.
D. Because it gets climbers stranded in “death zone” and unable to get further supplies.
61. According to the report, what is the possible reason for overcrowding
A. More people want to experience the climbing to the top of Mount Everest.
B. A picture of climbers waiting to reach the top inspires more people to give it a try.
C. Nepal government gives climbers permission without restrictions.
D. More people want to climb the Mount Everest before Nepal takes restrictions.
62. What is the general idea of this passage
A. Climbers are more likely to lose their lives before Reaching Top of Mount Everest.
B. More climbers need to be trained before climbing Mount Everest.
C. Enough experience in climbing mountains matters so much.
D. Climbers are twice as likely to reach top of Mount Everest than in Past.
C
The State-Of-The-Art-Tech Behind Fighting Fires
How are today’s firefighters dealing with massive wildfires They’re doing it by using the most advanced technology. Whether it’s with a modified jumbo jet or innovative thermal(热的) imaging cameras, we take a look at the tech behind fighting some of the world’s most overwhelming fires.
Teams fighting against the California wildfires used the Global SuperTanker – a modified jumbo jet that carries almost 73,000 liters (19,200 gallons) of fire retardant(阻燃剂) – alongside the S-64 Aircrane heavy-lifting helicopter, which carries 10,000 liters (2,200 gallons) of water.
These air tankers are used to put out flames and monitor fire spread through sensors and video feeds coupled to GPS data. Fed into hi-tech computer modelling software, they can help predict the fire’s behavior and possible spread puter models are able to provide small area coverage only meters wide, mapping territory and airflow. Fires are especially responsive to wind conditions and these tools allow firefighters to determine the passage of flames at ground level.
But manned aircrafts need a large investment in maintenance and crew mand and control centers are turning to unmanned aircraft to keep costs down and provide additional capabilities. Small quadcopters(四旋翼机) and larger fixed-wing aircraft can fly over fires for much longer periods.
Smoke can cover the ground for days at a time or pose a severe breathing risk to air crews – However, this is not a problem for drones. Onboard high definition, infrared(红外辐射的) and thermal imaging cameras can provide direction to ground teams, spot vital infrastructure (including power or water lines), and identify dangerous or flammable objects.
Infrared and thermal cameras can see through smoke to monitor ground teams and let them know when conditions change. Unmanned aircraft can provide aerial images, heat maps, and temperature scales of fire zones. Specialist drones can even carry hoses to less accessible areas. In the future, swarms of autonomous drones could be used to track wildfires and spot fire spread.
Thermal imaging technology has become widespread and less expensive to use. Handheld cameras and devices that attach to smartphones allow firefighters to see through smoke and find active fire hotspots, or undergrowth that is burning without producing smoke.
Identifying these hotspots allows crews to target the most active and dangerous parts of a wildfire and divert manpower to tackle it more effectively.
Augmented reality helmets that include breathing appliance alongside computer vision-aided displays are adding to the ground team’s capabilities. Thermal cameras inside the helmets mean that firefighters can operate in environments completely obscured by smoke. At the same time, they can wirelessly transmit information on what is happening at the frontline to command and control points.
Robots are also making a difference. The Smokebot was developed by a Swedish university to assist fire and rescue services. It collects data in environments with reduced visibility using radar, a laser scanner, a thermal camera and gas sensors. Smokebot can help in forest fire situations mapping large areas filled with dust or smoke, where it is too risky to send in rescue personnel.
Earth-observing satellites commonly detect wildfires in wilderness areas. Their cameras and remote sensors are used to estimate the fire’s evolution and provide situational awareness that saves lives.
The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard the Suomi NPP satellite gives near real-time data to NASA’s Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS) on active fires across the world.
Finally, to get the bigger picture on fire tracking and monitoring, the US Forest Service and US Geological Survey uses data from the Landsat Earth-observing satellites. Data gathered from every major fire in the country since 1984 has been fed into computer models to help predict and prevent wildfires.
63. What does the underlined “they”, in the third paragraph, refer to
A. Current firefighters tackling massive wildfires.
B. The modified jumbo jets and art thermal imaging cameras.
C. The data gained from sensors and video feeds, plus GPS information.
D. The air tankers used to put out flames and monitor fire spread.
64. Which of the following is not the advantages of drones over manned aircrafts in tackling massive wildfires
A. Drones don’t need much fuel when putting out wildfires and identifying the causes of fires.
B. Less money is needed in training crews when drones are available.
C. Drones won’t come across any breathing problems when in work.
D. Drones needs much less investment in maintenance.
65. Which of the following advanced technologies is not mentioned in the passage
A. Swarms of autonomous drones used to extinguish wildfires from air.
B. AR helmets with breathing appliance alongside computer vision-aided.
C. Drones with high definition, infrared and thermal imaging cameras onboard.
D. Earth-observing satellites equipped with cameras and remote sensors.
66. Which of the following statements about Smokebot is true
A. It was created by a Swiss university to assist fire and rescue services.
B. It can help to send rescue personnel to a fire spot.
C. It can help draw a map of large areas and fill the regions with dust or smoke.
D. It collects data using advanced technology where visibility is reduced due to fires.
上海市徐汇区2020届高三一模英语试卷
(A)
Agnes de Mille was a dancer and a choreographer (编舞). Early in her career, de Mille had created the choreography for a ballet called Three Virgins and a Devil. She thought it was good work, but nobody made much of it.
A few years later, de Mille choreographed a ballet named Rodeo. Again, she thought her work was solid, but it resulted in little commercial fame.
Then, in 1943, de Mille choreographed Oklahoma!, a musical show that enjoyed nearly instant success. In the coming years, Oklahoma! would run for an incredible 2,212 performances, both around the nation and abroad. In 1955, the film version won an Academy Award.
But the success of Oklahoma! didn’t bring her much happiness. She thought that her work on Oklahoma! was only average compared to some of her other creations. She later said, “After the opening of Oklahoma!, I suddenly had unexpected success for a work I thought was only fairly good, after years of neglect for work I thought was fine. I began to think that perhaps my entire scale of values was untrustworthy. I talked to Martha.”
Martha was Martha Graham, perhaps the most influential dance choreographer of the 20th century. (Although not as well-known by the general public, Graham has been compared to other creative geniuses like Picasso or Frank Lloyd Wright.)
During their conversation, de Mille told Martha Graham about her frustration. “I confessed that I had a burning desire to be excellent, but no faith that I could be.”
Graham responded by saying,
“There is a vitality, a life force, an energy, a quickening that is translated through you into action, and because there is only one of you in all of time, this expression is unique. And if you block it, it will never exist through any other medium and it will be lost. The world will not have it. It is not your business to determine how good it is nor how valuable nor how it compares with other expressions. It is your business to keep it yours clearly and directly, to keep the channel open.”
56. What can be learned about de Mille’s ballet named Rodeo
A. It earned her a large fortune. B. It made her rise to fame overnight.
C. It didn’t enjoy much success. D. It laid a solid foundation for her career.
57. How did de Mille feel about the great success of the musical Oklahoma!
A. Relieved. B. Ashamed. C. Confused. D. Proud.
58. Picasso and Frank Lloyd Wright were mentioned in the passage to suggest that Martha Graham ___________.
A. was outstanding in visual arts and architecture
B. enjoyed the same popularity as them
C. had been influenced greatly by them
D. was the most influential artist in her field
59. Which of the following statements best represents Graham’s words in this passage
A. Comparing with others prevents you from maintaining uniqueness.
B. You should always keep yourself open to the urges that motivate you.
C. Your action reveals the inner landscape, which is the soul of music.
D. Choosing to be positive is going to determine how you live your life.
(B)
Shipping containers are gaining popularity as an alternative to traditional houses. These 20-or 40-foot containers can be obtained for a little as several hundred US dollars apiece, and it’s not surprising that some industry professionals and even city planners consider them the future of home building. Below are details of some amazing homes made out of shipping containers. London Container City(I and II) London’s Container City first sprang up in the heart of the docklands in 2001. It took just five months to complete the original 12 work studios. Shortly after that, a fourth floor of studios and living apartments was built on top of these. The first container city was so successful that another — Container City II — was added to it. Los Angeles Redondo Beach house With its modern lines and appealing spaces, the award-winning Redondo Beach House is a luxury beachside showpiece built from eight recycled steel shipping containers, along with some traditional building materials. According to the architects, the modified containers are “nearly indestructible”. Amsterdam Keetwonen Amsterdam’s massive Keetwonen complex houses 1,000 students and it is the largest container city in the world. The housing project is a roaring success and features units that are quiet and comfortable. Each resident enjoys a bathroom, kitchen and separate sleeping and studying quarters. The complex even has central heating and high-speed internet as well as areas for parking bikes. Mexico M2ATK Container House M2ATK designed this unique container house for an artist. It’s fully equipped with heating and cooling, a kitchen and bathroom. On the bottom floor of the house are ‘‘public spaces” such as the kitchen and living room. The second floor is the bedroom, and the top floor is a studio space in which to work, read and “let fly the imagination”.
pared to traditional houses, container houses are _________.
A. easier to maintain B. less expensive to build
C. more comfortable to live in D. more fashionable in style
61. What can be learned about Amsterdam’s Keetwonen complex
A. It is the first container city in the world. B. It’s equipped with modern facilities.
C. It features a luxury and unique style. D. It includes living space and car parks.
62. Which of the following is the best title for the poster
A. Recycled material for Ideal Home B. Shipping Container Home Challenges
C. Home in a Steel Box D. Housing Options and Solutions
(C)
On August 29th, as Hurricane Dorian tracked towards America’s east coast, Elon Musk, the boss of Tesla, an electric-car maker, announced that some of his customers in the storm’s path would find that their cars had suddenly developed the ability to drive farther on a single battery charge. Like many modern vehicles, Mr. Musk’s products are best thought of as internet-connected computers on wheels. The cheaper models in Tesla’s line-up have parts of their batteries disabled by the car’s software in order to limit their range. At the tap of a keyboard in Palo Alto, the firm was able to remove those restrictions and give drivers temporary access to the full power of their batteries.
Mr. Musk’s computerized cars are just one example of a much broader trend. As computers and connectivity become cheaper, it makes sense to bake them into more and more things that are not, in themselves, computers, creating an “internet of things”.
Such a world will bring many benefits. Consumers will get convenience, and products that can do things non-computerized versions cannot. Businesses will get efficiency, as information about the physical world that used to be uncertain becomes concrete and analyzable.
In the long term, though, the most obvious effects will be in how the world works. Ever more companies will become tech companies; the internet will become everywhere. As a result, a series of unresolved arguments will spill over from the virtual world into the real one.
Start with ownership. As Mr Musk showed, the internet gives firms the ability to stay connected to their products even after they have been sold, transforming them into something closer to services than goods. That has already made the traditional ideas of ownership unclear. When Microsoft closed its ebook store in July, for instance, its customers lost the ability to read titles they had bought (the firm offered refunds). That shifts the balance of power from the customer to the seller.
Virtual business models will jar in the physical world. Tech firms are generally happy to move fast and break things. But you cannot release the beta version (测试版) of a fridge. Apple, a smartphonemaker, provides updates for its phones for only five years or so after their release; users of Android smartphones are lucky to get two. But goods such as washing machines or industrial machinery can have lifespans of a decade or more. Firms will need to work out how to support complicated computerised devices long after their original programmers have moved on.
Data will be another flashpoint. For much of the internet the business model is to offer “free” services that are paid for with valuable user data, collected with consent (同意) that is half-informed at best. In the virtual world, arguments about what should be tracked, and who owns the resulting data, can seem airy and theoretical. In the real one, they will feel more urgent.
Predicting the consequences of any technology is hard — especially one as universal as computing. The emergence of the consumer internet, 25 years ago, was met with starry-eyed optimism. These days the internet’s faults dominate the headlines. But the people have the advantage of having lived through the first internet revolution — which should give them some idea of what to expect.
63. From the passage we can tell that Tesla can ____________.
A. drive faster than usual in extreme weather B. adjust the range of its battery power
C. charge the battery at the tap of a keyboard D. operate when the battery is fully drained
64. Which of the following is NOT an example of the “unresolved arguments” mentioned in the passage
A. Early adopters of certain apps find that they ceased to work after the firm lost interest.
B. The insurance company uses data from fitness trackers to adjust customers’ premiums(保费).
C. Computerized machinery can’t predict its breakdowns or schedule preventive maintenance.
D. A high-tech fridge company restricts its customers from repairing their fridges themselves.
65. The underlined word jar probably means _____________ in this context.
A. boom B. conflict C. vanish D. expand
66. This passage is mainly about ______________.
A. how the world will change as computers spread into everyday objects
B. the adoption of electric vehicles and the possible problems to expect
C. what should be done to prevent the breakdown of computerized devices
D. different views on the current application of Internet Technology
答案：
上海市徐汇区2022届高三一模英语试卷
56-59 CBBC 60-62 ADB 63-66 CDBC
上海市徐汇区2021届高三一模英语试卷
56-58 CBB 59-62 ACDD 63-66 CAAD
上海市徐汇区2020届高三一模英语试卷
56-59 CCDB 60-62 BBC 63-66 BCBA

展开更多......

收起↑